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Lecture14A Vectors and Geometry BUL (Cont)
Lecture14A Vectors and Geometry BUL (Cont)
18.01.2021
−
→
v1×−
→
v 2 = ((y1z2 − z1y2), −(x1z2 − z1x2), (x1y2 − y1x2)) .
→
−
e1 →
−
e2 →
−
e3
= y1 z1
→
− x1 z1 x1 y1
v 1×→
− →
−
→
−
→
−
v 2 = x1 y1 z1 y2 e −
1 x2
e +
2 x2
e 3.
z2 z2 y2
x2 y2 z2
Teorema 2. Neka −
→
u, −
→
v i−
→
w sa proizvolni vektori.
(1) −
→
u ×−
→
v e vektor.
(2) −
→
u ×−
→
v e ortogonalen na −
→
u i na →
−
v.
−
→ − → − → →
(3) −
→
u × 0 = 0 = 0 ×−
u.
(5) −
→
u ×−
→
v = −(−
→
v ×−
→
u ).
(6) (α−
→
u)×−
→
v = α(−
→
u ×−
→
v)=−
→
u × (α−
→
v ) za vsko α ∈ R.
(7) −
→
u × (−
→
v +−
→
w ) = (−
→
u ×−
→
v ) + (−
→
u ×−
→
w ).
(8) (−
→
v +−
→
w) × −
→
u = (−
→
v ×−
→
u ) + (−
→
w ×−
→
u ).
x−1 y−3 z+2
0 −2 7 = (x − 1) · 25 + (7(y − 3) + 2(z + 2)) = 0.
1 −5 5
−
→ −
→ −
→ →
− →
−
Neobhodimo e n = d 1 × d 2 6= 0 , koeto se garantira ot tova, qe d 1
−
→
i d 2 ne sa usporedni.
||−
→
u ×−
→
v ||2 = ||−
→
u ||2||−
→
v ||2 − (−
→
u ·−
→
v )2 .
||−
→
u ×−
→
v ||2 = ||−
→
u ||2||−
→
v ||2 − ||−
→
u ||2||−
→
v ||2 cos2 θ = ||−
→
u ||2||−
→
v ||2 sin2 θ.
||−
→
u ×−
→
v || = ||−
→
u ||||−
→
v || sin θ.
(1) ||−
→
u ×−→
v || = ||−
→
u ||||−
→
v || sin θ = e liceto na usporednika, opredelen
ot −
→u i−
→v.
−
→ −
→ −
→ →
− →
−
(2) u i v sa usporedni togava i samo togava, kogato u × v = 0 .
Sledstvie 1. Liceto na usporednika, postroen vъrhu vektorite −
→u i
−
→v e
S = ||−
→
u ×− →
v ||.
1 1
√ 1
√
Taka liceto na △P QR e 2 ||(−1, −2, −3)|| = 2 1+4+9= 2 14.
−
→ −−→
Presmtame u = P0P = (−1, 3, −1). Togava
−
→ −
→ −
→
e 1 e 2 e3
−
→ −
→
u × d = −1 3 −1 = (−1, −1, −2),
1 −1 0
−
→ −
→ →
− −
→
i
√ taka usporednikъt,
√ opredelen ot u i d e s lice || u × d || =
1 + 1 + 4 = 6.
→
−
Ot druga strana liceto na tozi usporednik e || d || po vъprosnoto raz-
−
→ −
→ √
|| u × d || 6 √
−
→ = √ = 3.
|| d || 2
Imame
1 2 −1
−
→ −
→ −
→
w ·(u × v)= 1 1
0 = −3.
−2 0 1
Sledovatelno obemъt e |−
→
w · (−
→
u ×− →
v )| = | − 3| = 3, sъglasno Teorema 5.
Ako vektorъt −
→
u ×−→v se hvane s dsna rъka i prъstite soqat ot −
→
u kъm
−
→
v prez ъgъla θ, to palecъt soqi po posoka na vektora −→
u ×− →
v.