Chlorination And Ozonation

- are two types of drinking water purification processes.

Chlorination

- Chlorination is the process of adding chlorine or compounds containing chlorine to water

for disinfection purposes. This method is useful in killing bacteria and other
microorganisms in tap water. It is because chlorine is highly toxic to them. Moreover,
chlorination is very important in preventing water-borne diseases such as cholera and
typhoid. (use in pools,water at home etc..)
Ozonation

- Ozonation is a disinfection process we can use to purify drinking water via the addition
of ozone. Ozone can be used to treat drinking water to remove effluents and to degrade
organic and inorganic pollutants in wastewater. However, ozone is an unstable gas. It
quickly transforms into oxygen. Therefore, there is no residual disinfection effect that
takes place during ozonation. That means; there are no residual byproducts formed. (use
in purified drinking water)

The key difference between chlorination and ozonation is that chlorination is the process of
disinfecting drinking water with chlorine, whereas ozonation is the process of disinfecting
drinking water with ozone. Moreover, chlorination involves the oxidation of organic molecules
in pathogens, while ozonation involves ozone directly attacking the surface of microorganisms.
How does chlorination works?
Chlorine kills pathogens such as bacteria and viruses by breaking the chemical bonds in
their molecules
A common household chlorination system (Figure 1) consists of a chlorine tank, a chlorine
injector to dose the incoming water with the right amount of chlorine, a pressure tank to maintain
system pressure, a contact tank to give the chlorine time to work, and optional post-processing
activated carbon filter to remove residual chlorine and chlorination byproducts (e.g., harmful
trihalomethanes) from the water.

How does ozonation works?

The conventional drinking water treatment, developed in the U.S. in the 1920s, consists of
coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration and disinfection. In the coagulation
and flocculation processes, chemicals called coagulants bind particles together and make more
easily settled flocs. After removal of flocs in the sedimentation basin, chlorine is added—a
common disinfectant and a smell familiar to most of us.

“Ozone is a strong oxidant that resolves organic compounds that cause color, taste and odor, and
disinfects water. It improves water quality and safety dramatically, reducing the need for
chlorine and preventing production of trihalomethanes.
Advantages of Chlorination And Ozonation
Chlorine is an efficient disinfectant, but it is also the No. 1 contaminant in drinking water.
Chlorine is added to public water supplies to kill disease-causing bacteria that the water or
distribution pipes might contain. Because of this, billions of people drink chlorine contaminated
tap water every day.
The treatment process occurs without adding any kind of chemicals to the water. Ozonation
is able to eliminate many impurities in the water as well as odor and taste problems. Ozonation is
largely effective no matter the pH levels of the water and is considered to be more potent than
chlorination

Effects of Chlorination And Ozonation in people

What is the effect of chlorination on human health?
Breathing high levels of chlorine causes fluid build-up in the lungs, a condition known as
pulmonary edema

“Chlorine contains toxins, such as trihalomethanes (THMs) that can lead to asthma, bladder
cancer, and heart disease. Even if chlorine levels in drinking water are found to be safe, the
chlorine can cause a bad taste or smell discouraging you from drinking that water.

What is the effect of ozonation on human health?

In ozonated water to be safe when it comes to drinking water and coming into contact with
food. But Ozonated water may have side effects, which are often caused by prolonged exposure
to the ozone water systems. Side effects include headaches, dry throat, and itchy eyes as the
ozone irritates the skin and mucus lining of the body. Also it have Toxic gas - operating an
ozone water treatment system runs the risk of ozone contamination in the air. Ozone is a highly
toxic gas that has dangerous health effects if large quantities are inhaled. Ozone is also known to
corrode pipes and plumbing materials that aren't ozone-resistant, like Teflon or stainless steel