Mathematical Modelling and Analysis Publisher: Technika, VGTU

Editor’s Version http://www.mma.vgtu.lt

https://doi.org/10.3846/mma.20XXXX.xxxxxx ISSN: 1392-6292
© Vilnius Gediminas Technical University eISSN: 1648-3510

Numerical study of sloshing mitigation in

coaxial shell structure
Narveen Kumar a , Neelam Choudhary a , Kyryl
Degtyariov b , Elena Strelnikova b , Denis Kriutchenko b

Bennett University a
Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, 201310
A. Podgorny Institute of mechanical engineering problems of the Ukrainian
Academy of Sciences b
Dm. Pozharsky str., 2/10, Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61046
E-mail(corresp.): elena15@gmx.com
E-mail: e19soe809@bennett.edu.in
E-mail: neelam.choudhary@bennett.edu.in
E-mail: kdegt89@gmail.com
E-mail: wollydenis@gmail.com
Received September 21, 2022; revised ; accepted Mxx 1, 20xx

Abstract. Free surface motion inside a partially liquid-filled container is important

to study for the stability of the vehicle or structure carrying the container. The
dynamic behavior of the free surface of the liquid is reported. A rigid baffle is used
as a damping device on the liquid free surface to analyze sloshing mitigation. The
analytical model used to evaluate sloshing frequencies is compared with the results
obtained from the simulation performed using the software ANSYS. The effect of
parameters such as baffle width, filling liquid height and inner-outer radii ratio on
frequency has been investigated. The modal analysis is performed using the software
ANSYS to report mode shapes of the liquid domain and baffle.
Keywords: Shell structure, Sloshing frequency, Rigid baffle, Modal analysis.

AMS Subject Classification: 76B07; 76B75.

1 Introduction
A moving free surface allows liquid in containers mounted to moving vehicles or
other structures to slosh. It primarily arises in the aerospace industry, offshore
industry, civil engineering, and nuclear industry, etc. The uncontrolled motion

Editor’s Version
September 21, 2022
2 N. Kumar, N. Choudhary, K. Degtyariov, E. Strelnikova, D. Kriutchenko

of a liquid free surface can generate undesirable hydrodynamic forces, which

can affect the safety and stability of the container. Liquid sloshing has been
a concern in water and other storage tanks used in various industries. It is
necessary to consider sloshing-induced fluid motion while designing storage
containers. Sloshing inside storage water and oil storage containers can cause
serious damage to the containers. Many researchers use the baffles as a damping
device on the liquid free surface to protect the container from sloshing-induced
damage. However, a few studies have been conducted to discuss the sloshing
effects induced by seismic motion during an earthquake. Shaaban and Nash
reported the first study on sloshing effects induced by seismic motion [15].
Thin-walled shell structures filled with fluids between them are widely used
in the making of technical products which are useful in various industries like;
space, automobiles, railways, fuel, and the energy industry. Such shells help in
controlling the dynamic responses of filled liquids by reducing the dimensions
and weight of the structure. Liquid sloshing in these containers can lead to
dangerous consequences such as instability and unwanted hydrodynamic forces
acting on the container. When the sloshing frequency is tuned from the exci-
tation one and from the structure’s natural frequencies, then the fluid sloshing
motion will be in antiphase to the excitation force on the structure and, thereby,
will reduce the structure’s vibrational response. For sloshing mitigation, the
baffles that cover the free surface are used. The installation of such baffles can
detune the system from resonant frequencies. But despite a significant amount
of research in the area of vibration damping of baffled shells, coaxial shells with
baffles have not been sufficiently studied. There are only few studies discussing
the sloshing phenomenon in coaxial shell structures reported in [8, 10, 11, 20].
Free surface motion in the container mainly depends on the liquid level,
excitation frequency, and the various parameters defining the container’s ge-
ometry. The insertion of baffles as a damping device on the free surface has been
considered a very effective means to dampen the sloshing in any container. The
sloshing phenomena in a fluid tank have drawn the attention of a diverse range
of investigators. Han et al. solved the sloshing frequencies of the liquid and the
oscillation frequencies of the elastic cylindrical shell simultaneously to address
the oscillation characteristics of the partially filled liquid [5]. Bochkarev et al.
discussed the findings from research on circular cylindrical shells that were uni-
formly under both interior and exterior hydrostatic pressure and partially filled
with an ideal fluid [1]. They found that the gravitational field can have a con-
siderable impact on the structure’s dynamic properties for specific geometrical
parameters. Strelnikova et al. reported the study on sloshing frequencies under
horizontal and vertical excitations [17]. Numerical simulation were carried out
for forced liquid vibrations in containers with baffles in the container. Yasuki
et al. reported the seismic behaviour of tank’s free surface [19]. They proposed
a model to evaluate the damping properties of tank with ring baffles. They val-
idated the proposed modal with the experimental results. Gedikli and Erguven
investigated the swirling inside a storage reservoir brought on by the ground’s
seismic activity [2]. They analyzed the seismic response and the normal modes
of liquid using the boundary element method (BEM).
Although the use of rigid baffles on liquid-free surfaces to control sloshing
2. GOVERNING EQUATIONS AND SOLUTION 3

is widely popular, the case of multiple rigid baffles has not gained much pop-
ularity. Hosseini and Farshadmanesh employed the finite element approach to
explore the sloshing in a rectangle-shaped container with several baffles numer-
ically [6]. Guo used a semi-analytical approach to investigate the oscillation
and acoustic emission of a 2D cylinder that is partially connected with interior
fluid [4]. They concluded that the coupled cylindrical shell’s natural frequencies
decrease as free surface height increases. Noorian and colleagues investigated
slosh in a tank with flexible baffles [12]. They reported modes of structure and
used BEM for fluids to analyze the sloshing and structural oscillation of baffled
containers.
Floating devices are also used to control the liquid sloshing in containers.
These devices change the liquid’s free oscillation frequency. Siekmann and
Chang presented a study on sloshing in a container with a movable device
[16]. Sakata et al. discussed the non-linear sloshing in a cylinder-shaped tank
to analyze the dynamic behavior of the container [13]. Sanapala et al. did
numerical simulations to examine the sloshing characteristics of a half-filled
rectangular tank that is under seismic and harmonic excitations [14]. They
noted that the sloshing amplitude and stress on the tank walls decreased as
the baffle was moved closer to the free surface.
In recent times, some new results have been obtained in the area. Wang et
al. applied a new variant of BEM to investigate the liquid sloshing problem [18].
Analysis of the influence of the baffles in the center of an annular shell structure
on the liquid-free surface is not documented in the literature. It would be noted
that there are difficulties in applying a numerical method to the estimation of
liquid oscillations in shells. Namely, numerical schemes have encountered diffi-
culties and even lost accuracy if the radii of the shells differ slightly, and usage
of these methods requires remeshing every time when geometrical character-
istics change. The finite element technique has recently gained popularity as
the next generation of systems has been developed. However, this approach
requires a lot of effort and is not always suitable for predesign predictions. It
is essential to develop linear wave theory-based techniques that enable quick
and accurate predictions of the natural liquid frequencies in annular cylindrical
containers. Thus, the present work analyzes the liquid’s behavior in the shells
with a centrally placed rigid baffle on the liquid free surface. The modes of the
baffled shell are reported. The effect of the baffle width on excitation frequency
is shown.

2 Governing Equations and Solution

A two-coaxial shell structure with an inner radius of r1 and outer radius of r2 is
considered to discuss sloshing. A liquid fills the structure in the consideration
up to a height of h. On the liquid’s free surface, a baffle in the form of a
ring with a width of α is positioned in the centre. The cylindrical coordinate
system (r, θ, z) is considered to model the problem. The origin O is taken at
the mean free surface. z = −h is considered as the rigid base of the structure.
Fig. 1 shows the geometry of the problem. The problem is modeled based on
the following assumptions:

Math. Model. Anal., Editor’s Version.

4 N. Kumar, N. Choudhary, K. Degtyariov, E. Strelnikova, D. Kriutchenko

1. Rigid structure and irrotational flow field.

2. Incompressible fluid.
3. Small amplitude of the free surface elevation.
Based on the above assumptions, the fluid flow is governed by

∇2 Φ(r, θ, z, t) = 0 in, r1 < r < r2 , 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π, −h < z < 0, (2.1)

Figure 1. Geometry of the Problem

subject to rigid boundary conditions

∂Φ
= 0, at z = −h, (2.2)
∂z
∂Φ
= 0, at r = r1 , (2.3)
∂r
∂Φ
= 0, at r = r2 . (2.4)
∂r
Since the free surface is partly covered with a rigid baffle, there are two
types of conditions to be satisfied at z = 0. A rigid baffle of width α is inserted
on the free surface in the region r1 +r22 −α ≤ r ≤ r1 +r22 +α , so the vertical velocity
component of liquid remains zero. Free surface conditions are to be satisfied
for r1 < r < r1 +r22 −α and r1 +r22 +α < r < r2 . These conditions are given as

∂2Φ ∂Φ r1 + r2 − α
+g = 0, at z = 0 in r1 < r < , (2.5)
∂t2 ∂z 2
∂2Φ ∂Φ r1 + r2 + α
+g = 0, at z = 0 in < r < r2 , (2.6)
∂t2 ∂z 2
∂Φ r1 + r2 − α r1 + r2 + α
= 0, at z = 0 in ≤r≤ (. 2.7)
∂z 2 2
2. GOVERNING EQUATIONS AND SOLUTION 5

The separation of variables method is used to obtain an analytical solution

for the governing Eq. (2.1) subjected to the boundary conditions (2.2) − (2.4):
∞ X
X ∞
Cmn ( ǫmn
r2 r)
Φ(r, θ, z, t) = [Amn cos mθ + Bmn sin mθ] ′ ( ǫmn r )
(2.8)
m=0 n=1
Jm r2 1
 
ǫmn
cosh r2 (z
+ h)
×   × expιωt ,
ǫmn
cosh r2 h

where Jm and Ym , denote the first and second kinds of Bessel functions of order
m respectively, and ω is the angular frequency, and
         
ǫmn ′ ǫmn ǫmn ǫmn ′ ǫmn
Cmn r = Jm r1 Ym r − Jm r Ym r1 ,
r2 r2 r2 r2 r2

and ǫmn are the zeros of

   
′ ǫmn ′ ′ ′ ǫmn
Jm r1 Ym (ǫmn ) − Jm (ǫmn ) Ym r1 = 0. (2.9)
r2 r2
Substituting the velocity potential given by Eq. (8) in Eqs. (5) − (7), the
following homogeneous system of equations is obtained

 
∞ X
X ∞ Cmn ǫmnr2 r
[Amn cos mθ + Bmn sin mθ] ×  
ǫmn
m=0 n=1 Jm r2 r1
′
  
ǫmn ǫmn
× −ω 2 + g tanh h = 0, (2.10)
r2 r2
r1 +r2 −α
at z = 0 in r1 < r < 2 .
 
∞ X
X ∞ Cmn ǫmnr2 r
[Amn cos mθ + Bmn sin mθ] ×  
ǫmn
m=0 n=1 Jm
′
r2 r1
  
2 ǫmn ǫmn
× −ω + g tanh h = 0, (2.11)
r2 r2
r1 +r2 +α
at z = 0 in 2 < r < r2 .
 
∞ X
X ∞ Cmn ǫmn r2 r
[Amn cos mθ + Bmn sin mθ] ×  
ǫmn
m=0 n=1 J ′
m r
r2 1
  
ǫmn ǫmn
× tanh h = 0, (2.12)
r2 r2
r1 +r2 −α r1 +r2 +α
at z = 0 in 2 ≤r≤ 2 .

Math. Model. Anal., Editor’s Version.

6 N. Kumar, N. Choudhary, K. Degtyariov, E. Strelnikova, D. Kriutchenko
r1 +r2 −α
We select N1 − 1 points for a fixed angular mode m in r1 < r < 2 ,
satisfying Eq. (10), to get

N1 +NX
2 +N3 −1

[Amn cos mθ + Bmn sin mθ] ×

n=1
Cmn (ǫmn [r1 + r2 −r 1 −α
n1 ])
 
2N1 ǫmn
  × −ω 2 + ǫmn g tanh( h) = 0,(2.13)
Jm ǫmn r2
r2 r1
′

for n1 = 1, 2, ......, N1 − 1.
r1 +r2 +α
Similarly N3 − 1 points are chosen in 2 < r < r2 , to satisfy Eq.
(11), which gives

N1 +NX
2 +N3 −1
Cmn (ǫmn [ r1 +r22 +α + r2 −r 1 −α
n3 ])
[Amn cos mθ + Bmn sin mθ] ×   2N3
ǫ
n=1 Jm ′
r2 r1
mn

 
2 ǫmn
× −ω + ǫmn g tanh( h) = 0, (2.14)
r2

for n3 = 1, 2, ....., N3 − 1.
r1 +r2 −α r1 +r2 +α
We choose N2 + 1 points in 2 ≤r≤ 2 , including end points
to satisfy Eq. (12), which gives

N1 +NX
2 +N3 −1
Cmn (ǫmn [ r1 +r22 −α + α
N2 n2 ])
[Amn cos mθ + Bmn sin mθ] ×
n=1
Jm
′ (ǫ
mn r1 )
 
ǫmn
× ǫmn tanh( h) = 0, (2.15)
r2

for n2 = 0, 1, 2, ......., N2.

Eqs. (13)− (15) represent N1 + N2 + N3 − 1 homogenous algebraic equations
in N1 +N2 +N3 −1 unknowns Am1 , Am2 , · · · , Am,N1 +N2 +N3 −1 . Eqs. (13)−(15)
represent a homogenous system of equations of the form AX = 0. Matrix theory
is used to solve this system. The prerequisite for a non-trivial solution is the
zero determinant condition for a truncated homogeneous system given by Eqs.
(13) − (15) gives the frequency. The point allocation method is used to get
the Eqs. (13) − (15). The homogeneous system’s requirement for a non-zero
solution results in the nonlinear frequency equation

det(A(ωm )) = 0 (2.16)

for evaluating the frequencies for each annular mode m. The roots of nonlinear
Eq. (16) are sloshing frequencies. To find these roots, the Brent’s algorithm
is used, where at first, intervals (ri , ri+1 ), i = 0, 1, · · · on which the function
det(A(ωm )) changes signs, are separated, and then the hybrid root-finding al-
gorithm is applied at each separated interval.
3. NUMERICAL RESULTS 7

3 Numerical Results
ANSYS software is used to display the liquid shell structure’s sloshing fre-
quencies and modes. The numerical outcomes are achieved by FEM and the
presented analytical approach using equations (2.13) − (2.15) in the proposed
work are compared with BEM and analytical data given in [7]. For all consid-
ered cases, it has been supposed that outer radius is r2 = 1 m, different inner
radii values, namely r1 = 0.25 m, r1 = 0.333333 m, r1 = 0.5 m. Also ring baf-
fles of various widths are considered, namely α = 0.1 m, α = 0.2 m, α = 0.3 m.
It was demonstrated before that the convergence ǫ = 10−4 compared with the
analytical solution of Ibrahim [7] and experimental data, was established when
the corresponding numbers of elements and collocation points were as follows:
the number NF EM of finite elements F LU ID80 was NF EM = 108000, number
of boundary elements NBEM = 450, and the number of collocation points were
N1 = N2 = N3 = 12.
Firstly, two coaxial shells without baffles are considered. Numerical results
are contrasted with the findings of the boundary element approach in [3] & [9]
and R. Ibrahim [7]. The results presented in Table 1 are for two coaxial un-
baffled shell structure with dimensions considered as r2 = 1 m, r1 = 0.5 m,
and filling level h = 1 m. For comparison, we consider an annular tank with
r1 = 100 mm and r2 = 170 mm at different filling levels h, as in [20]. The
results are demonstrated in Table 3. Here the numerical and experimental
data from [20] are also provided.

Table 1. Comparison of Results using different methods

Method First Frequency (Hz)
Analytical solution [7] 0.5427673427
BEM [9] 450 boundary elements 0.5427523219
ANSYS 108000 finite elements 0.5427756321
Proposed Analytical Method 0.5427697633

Table 2. Frequencies of Structure without baffle

Mode Frequency (Hz)
1 0.54277
2 0.54277
3 0.81242
4 0.81242
5 0.99134
6 0.99134

Math. Model. Anal., Editor’s Version.

8 N. Kumar, N. Choudhary, K. Degtyariov, E. Strelnikova, D. Kriutchenko

Table 3. Comparison of results

Fundamental sloshing frequency (Hz)

Liquid Methods
filling Experiment Analytical Numerical BEM FEM Proposed
level h [20] Solution [7] Method ANSYS Analytical
in m [20] Method
0.1 1.1450 1.1657 1.1503 1.1657 1.1659 1.1657
0.15 1.2970 1.3033 1.2873 1.3033 1.3034 1.3033

The results from Tables 1 and 3 testify the efficiency and convergence of
the proposed analytical method. The convergence was achieved with low com-
putational cost. Modal analysis is done by simulating the problem in ANSYS
software to report the vibration modes.
The data received from numerical simulations validates the presented method.
The first four axisymmetric modes of oscillations of un-baffled shells are re-
ported in fig. 2. The values used are r2 = 1 m, r1 = 0.5 m, and h = 1 m. The
first mode is claimed to have the lowest frequency. The first frequency corre-
sponding to each mode is shown in Table 2. Multiple frequencies connected
with sin mθ and cos mθ are seen as reported in [3].

Figure 2. First four liquid oscillation modes in shells without baffle for r1 /r2 = 0.5

Figure 3 demonstrates the first modes of liquid oscillations for a baffled shell
structure with different baffle widths considered as α = 0.1 m, α = 0.2 m, α =
0.3 m. Here, the inner-outer radii ratio r1 /r2 = 0.5 is used for computations.
Figure 3(a) displays the first mode of liquid oscillations for a baffled shell
structure for α = 0.1 m whereas figs. 3(b) and 3(c) are corresponding to α =
3. NUMERICAL RESULTS 9

Table 4. Frequencies (Hz) for baffled Table 5. Frequencies (Hz) for baffled
liquid shell structures for r1 /r2 = 0.5 liquid shell structures for r1 /r2 = 0.25

n α(m) n α(m)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0 0.1 0.2 0.3
1 0.54277 0.60197 0.68221 0.81006 1 0.61584 0.65429 0.69650 0.74786
2 0.54277 0.60197 0.68221 0.81006 2 0.61584 0.65429 0.69650 0.74786
3 0.81242 0.89091 0.98678 1.13362 3 0.88264 0.90048 0.93635 0.97965
4 0.81242 0.89091 0.98678 1.13362 4 0.88264 0.90048 0.93635 0.97965
5 0.99134 1.07311 1.16552 1.30610 5 1.02060 1.05020 1.07451 1.10842
6 0.99134 1.07311 1.16552 1.30610 6 1.02060 1.05020 1.07712 1.11270

0.2 m and α = 0.3 m, respectively.

Figure 3. First modes of liquid oscillations for r1 /r2 = 0.5 (a) α = 0.1 m (b) α = 0.2 m
(c) α = 0.3 m

In Tables 4 and 5, frequencies of axisymmetric modes are presented for

various values of α. The table 4 represents the frequencies for inner-outer radii
ratio r1 /r2 = 0.5 and the table 5 for r1 /r2 = 0.25. It is shown that the value of
frequency increases significantly for the higher value of α. The modes of the first
four axisymmetric vibrations of un-baffled shells are reported in fig. 4. Figure
5 demonstrates the first modes of liquid oscillations for a baffled shell structure
with different baffle widths considered as α = 0.1 m, α = 0.2 m, α = 0.3 m.
Here, the inner-outer radii ratio r1 /r2 = 0.25 is used for computations. Figure
5(a) shows the first mode of liquid oscillations for a baffled shell structure for
α = 0.1 m whereas figs. 5(b) and 5(c) are corresponding to α = 0.2 m and
α = 0.3 m, respectively.

Math. Model. Anal., Editor’s Version.

10 N. Kumar, N. Choudhary, K. Degtyariov, E. Strelnikova, D. Kriutchenko

Figure 4. First four modes of liquid oscillations in un-baffled shell structure for
r1 /r2 = 0.25

Figure 5. First modes of liquid oscillations for r1 /r2 = 0.25 (a) α = 0.1 m (b) α = 0.2 m
(c) α = 0.3 m

In figure 6, the dependence of the first three distinct frequencies via filling
level h is shown for different shell and baffle parameters. The frequency curves
in fig. 6 are drawn for shell structure with radii ratio r1 /r2 = 0.5 with different
values of α. The frequency curves in fig. 6(a) are drawn for no baffle shell
structure. The frequency curves in fig. 6(b) are plotted against fill level h for
a baffle of width α = 0.1 m and similarly, frequency curves in fig. 6(c) are for
α = 0.3 m. It is observed that the frequency is lower for the lower filling level of
liquid. The lowest frequency changes significantly as the filling level increases.
3. NUMERICAL RESULTS 11

Figure 6. Dependency of frequency via filling level h for shell structures at r1 /r2 = 0.5
(a) α = 0 m (b) α = 0.1 m (c) α = 0.3 m

Figure 7. Dependencies of frequencies via filling level h for shell structures for
r1 /r2 = 0.5 with different baffle widths

Figure 7 illustrates the relationship between frequencies and filling levels. h

at r1 /r2 = 0.5 and different baffle widths. Frequency curves numbered 1, 2, 3,
and 4 are drawn corresponding to α = 0, 0.1 m, 0.2 m, 0.3 m, respectively.
Clearly, the curve corresponding to α = 0 is for an unbaffled structure. It
is found that frequency increases as the liquid height increases. A higher fre-
quency is reported corresponding to the higher value of α.

Math. Model. Anal., Editor’s Version.

12 N. Kumar, N. Choudhary, K. Degtyariov, E. Strelnikova, D. Kriutchenko

Figure 8. Dependencies of frequencies via filling level h for shell structures at different
ratios of r1 /r2

Figure 8 shows the frequency curves drawn against the filling level of liquid.
Three different values of r1 /r2 taken as 0.5 m, 0.33 m, and 0.25 m are used to
draw the curves. The first frequency curve is drawn for r1 /r2 = 0.5, second
frequency curve for r1 /r2 = 0.33 and the third frequency curve is for r1 /r2 =
0.25. In all three cases, a baffle of fixed-width α = 0.3 m has been considered.
It is found that the value of frequency increases as the liquid height in the
structure increases. It is found that the value of frequency moves rapidly as
the fill level increases for initial values. Results show that frequency is very
close for the inner-outer radii ratios r1 /r2 = 0.33 and r1 /r2 = 0.25.

4 Conclusions
In the present work, the sloshing is investigated using two coaxial shell struc-
tures that are partially filled with liquid and have a centrally located damping
device on the free surface. The potential flow theory is utilized to find the so-
lution to the considered BVP analytically. The modes of un-baffled and baffled
shell structures are reported. The impact of baffle width and liquid height in
the shell on frequency is investigated in depth. The main findings are outlined
below:

1. With increasing liquid fill levels in the shell, the frequency value rises. A
rapid increment in frequency is observed up to h = 1 m of filling level.

2. The arrangement of inserting the baffle on the free surface shifts away the
frequency to a significant higher value. The higher frequency is observed
corresponding to a wider baffle.

3. The lowest frequency is relatively more affected by the insertion of the

baffle.

4. Liquid sloshing in shell structure can be dampen by using annular ring

baffles. The technique proposed in this paper is applicable for any struc-
ture considered in the similar surface plane.
References 13

Acknowledgement
Support from Bennett University is gratefully acknowledged.

Statements and Declarations

Disclosure of any Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the
content of this article.

Ethics Approval Statement

The authors declare that the submitted work is original and is not published
anywhere in any form. The corresponding author and order of authors are all
correct.

References
[1] S.A. Bochkarev, S.V. Lekomtsev, and A.N. Senin. Natural vibrations and sta-
bility of loaded cylindrical shells partially filled with fluid, taking into account
gravitational effects. Thin-Walled Structures, 164:107867, 2021.
[2] A. Gedikli and M.E. Erguven. Seismic analysis of a liquid storage tank with a
baffle. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 223(1):141–155, 1999.
[3] V. Gnitko, Y. Naumemko, and E. Strelnikova. Low frequency sloshing analysis
of cylindrical containers with flat and conical baffles. International Journal of
Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 22(4), 2017.
[4] W. Guo, Q. Feng, T. Li, X. Zhu, and Y. Miao. A new solution for vibroacoustic
analysis of two-dimensional cylindrical shells partially liquid-filled or partially
submerged in fluid. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 140:106685, 2020.
[5] Y. Han, X. Zhu, W. Guo, T. Li, and S. Zhang. Coupled vibration analysis of
partially liquid-filled cylindrical shell considering free surface sloshing. Thin-
Walled Structures, 179:109555, 2022.
[6] M. Hosseini and P. Farshadmanesh. The effects of multiple vertical baffles on
sloshing phenomenon in rectangular tanks. WIT Transactions on the Built En-
vironment, 120:287–298, 2011.
[7] R.A. Ibrahim. Liquid sloshing dynamics: theory and applications. Cambridge
University Press, 2005.
[8] R.A. Ibrahim, V.N. Pilipchuk, and T. Ikeda. Recent advances in liquid sloshing
dynamics. 2001.
[9] A. Karaiev and E. Strelnikova. Liquid sloshing in circular toroidal and coax-
ial cylindrical shells. In Design, Simulation, Manufacturing: The Innovation
Exchange, pages 3–13. Springer, 2020.
[10] N. Kumar and N. Choudhary. Simulation and semi-analytical approach on slosh-
ing mitigation. In 2021 International Conference on Recent Advances in Math-
ematics and Informatics (ICRAMI), pages 1–4. IEEE, 2021.

Math. Model. Anal., Editor’s Version.

14 N. Kumar, N. Choudhary, K. Degtyariov, E. Strelnikova, D. Kriutchenko

[11] E. Moshkelgosha, E. Askari, K.H. Jeong, and A.A. Shafiee. Fluid-structure

coupling of concentric double fgm shells with different lengths. arXiv preprint
arXiv:1905.00879, 2019.
[12] M.A. Noorian, R.D. Abadi, and H. Haddadpour. A reduced order model for
liquid sloshing in tanks with flexible baffles using boundary element method.
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 89(13):1652–1664,
2012.
[13] M. Sakata, K. Kimura, and M. Utsumi. Non-stationary response of non-linear
liquid motion in a cylindrical tank subjected to random base excitation. Journal
of Sound and Vibration, 94(3):351–363, 1984.
[14] V.S. Sanapala, M. Rajkumar, K. Velusamy, and B.S.V. Patnaik. Numerical
simulation of parametric liquid sloshing in a horizontally baffled rectangular
container. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 76:229–250, 2018.
[15] S.H. Shaaban and A.N. William. Effect of a baffle on response of a liquid storage
tank to seismic excitation. In Proc. of Canadian Congress of Applied Mechanics,
Quebec, Canada: Universite Laval, pages 695–696, 1977.
[16] J. Siekmann and S.C. Chang. On the change of natural frequencies of a sloshing
liquid by movable devices. Acta Mechanica, 11(1):73–86, 1971.
[17] E.A. Strelnikova, N. Choudhary, D.V. Kriutchenko, V.I. Gnitko, and M.A.
Tonkonozhenko. Liquid vibrations in circular cylindrical tanks with and with-
out baffles under horizontal and vertical excitations. Engineering Analysis with
Boundary Elements, 120:13–27, 2020.
[18] W. Wang, Q. Zang, Z. Wei, and Z. Guo. An isogeometric boundary element
method for liquid sloshing in the horizontal eccentric annular tanks with multiple
porous baffles. Ocean Engineering, 189:106367, 2019.
[19] O. Yasuki, M. Yoshio, and K. Chizuko. Suppression of seismic sloshing in cylin-
drical tanks with baffle plates. Denryoku Chuo Kenkyusho Hokoku, pages 1–4,
2000.
[20] H. Yue, J. Chen, and Q. Xu. Sloshing characteristics of annular tuned liquid
damper (atld) for applications in composite bushings. Structural Control and
Health Monitoring, 25(8):e2184, 2018.