Presupposition

and Types
Semantic and Pragmatic - Group 7
 OUR GROUP

sITI dEWI sURYANI Tazqia Aulia Zakhra

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Something the speaker assumes to
be the case prior to making an
utterance; treated as a relationship
between two propositions.

Use symbol ">>" to meaning

Presupposition
'presuppose' both for positive or
negative sentences.
 eXAMPLE
Mary's dog is cute. (=p)
Mary has a dog. (=q)
p >> q

The proposition p in the example above,

contains the proposition q, then, the
symbol >> to mean ‘presupposes’.
 The speaker produces the opposite of the
sentence by negating it (= NOT p)

example a. Mary’s dog isn’t cute.

b. Mary has a dog.
(= NOT p)
(= q)
c. NOT p >> q
 According to Yule (1996), the property of
presupposition is generally described as constancy
under negation. It means that the presupposition of
a statement will remain constant. Even if the
statement is negated

e.g

a. Everybody knows that John is gay. (= p)

b. Everybody doesn’t know that John is gay. (= NOT p)
c. John is gay. (= q)
d. p >> q & NOT p >> q
Types of
Presupposition
 Potential Existential Factive
Presupposition Presupposition Presupposition

use some words in sentence

analyze of how speakers’ The existential
to denote facts such as:
assumptions are typically presupposition is expected
regret, glad, off, know,
expressed with the use of to be exist in possessive
realize, and aware
many words, phrases, and constructions.
e.g. She didn’t realize he was
structures e.g. Your car >> You have a car
ill. (>> He was ill)
 Lexical
Presupposition
the usage of form with its
declared meaning, which is
traditionally interpreted with
the assumption that another
meaning is understood
e.g. He stopped smoking
(>> He used to smoke)
Structural
Presupposition
certain sentence structures
assuming that portion of the
structure is already assumed
to be true
e.g. When did he leave?
(>> He left)
 non-facative counter factual
Presupposition Presupposition
the contrast of factive
presupposed is not only true,
presupposition which
but was the opposite of what
assumed not to be true; use
is true, or contrary to facts.
verbs dream, imagine, and
e.g. If you were my friend, you
pretend
would have helped me
e.g. I dreamed that I was rich
(>> You are not my friend)
(>> I was not rich)
 Conclusion
The presupposition is anything that the speaker believes to be true before
making a statement. Many concepts treat presupposition as a relationship
between two propositions. The quality of presupposition is commonly
referred to as negation consistency. It signifies that a statement's
assumption will remain constant.
According to Yule (1996) there are several types of presuppositions such
as potential presupposition, existential presupposition, factive
presupposition, lexical presupposition, structural presupposition, non-
factive presupposition, and counter factual presupposition.
Thank you!