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X3 + 1

1. A =
(X − 1)3

X3 +1 X −1
X 3 −X 2 2
X +X +1
X2 +1
X3 + 1 (X − 1)(X 2 + X + 1) + 2 X2 + X + 1
X 2 −X = = +
(X − 1)3 (X − 1)3 (X − 1)2
X +1
X −1
2
2
(X − 1)3

X 2 +X +1 X − 1
X 2 −X X +2
X2 + X + 1 (X − 1)(X + 2) + 3 X +2 3
2X +1 2
= 2
= +
(X − 1) (X − 1) X − 1 (X − 1)2
2X −2
3

X +2 X − 1
X +2 (X − 1) + 3 3
X −1 1 = =1+
X −1 X −1 X −1
3
X3 + 1 3 3 2
3
=1+ + 2
+
(X − 1) X − 1 (X − 1) (X − 1)3

3
2. B(X) =
(X 3 − 1)2
(X − 1) = (X − 1)(X 2 + X + 1)
3

3
B(X) =
(X − 1)2 (X 2 + X + 1)2
k1 k2 aX + b cX + d
= + + +
(X − 1) (X − 1)2 (X 2 + X + 1) (X 2 + X + 1)2

Calcul de k2
 
2 3 2 aX + b cX + d
(X−1) B(X) = = k1 (X − 1)+k2 +(X−1) + (∗)
(X 2 + X + 1)2 (X 2 + X + 1) (X 2 + X + 1)2
1
X = 1 ⇒ = k2
3
Calcul de k1
On dérive (∗)

 0
3 −6(2X + 1)
=
(X + X + 1)2
2 (X 2 + X + 1)3
 0
2 aX + b cX + d
= k1 + (X − 1) +
(X 2 + X + 1) (X 2 + X + 1)2
 
aX + b cX + d
+2(X − 1) +
(X 2 + X + 1) (X 2 + X + 1)2

1
−2
X = 1 ⇒ k1 =
3
Calcul de c et d
3
(X 2 + X + 1)2 B(X) =
(X − 1)2
 
2 2 k1 k2
= (X + X + 1) + 2
+ (aX + b)(X 2 + X + 1) + cX + d
(X − 1) (X − 1)

a2 + a + 1 = 0 ⇒ a1 = −1 2
+ 23 i
3 √
X = a1 ⇒ √ = c( −1
2
+ 23 i) + d
( −1
2
+ 23 i − 1)2
√ √
3 1 2 2(1 + 3i) 1 3 √
−1
+ d + c 23 i

⇒ √ = √ = √ = √ √ = + i= 2
c
3
− 3 3
i 1
− 3
i 1 − 3i (1 − 3i)(1 + 3i) 2 2
2 2 2 2
Donc c = d = 1
Calcul de a

3X
lim XB(X) = lim
X→+∞ (X −
X→+∞ 1)2 (X 2
+ X + 1)2
 
k1 X k2 X aX + b cX + d
= lim + +X 2 +X 2
X→+∞ (X − 1) (X − 1)2 (X + X + 1) (X + X + 1)2
2
⇒ 0 = k1 + a ⇒ a = −k1 =
3
Calcul de b

B(0) = 3
= −k1 + k2 + b + d

⇒ b = 3 + k1 − k2 − d
1 k1 k2 k3 k4 k5 k6
3. C = 3 = + + + + +
X (X − 2)3 X X 2 X 3 (X − 2) (X − 2)2 (X − 2)3
Calcul de k3
 
3 1 2 3 k4 k5 k6
X C= = X k1 + Xk2 + k3 + X + +
(X − 2)3 (X − 2) (X − 2)2 (X − 2)3
−1
X = 0 ⇒ k3 =
8
Calcul de k2

En dérivant X 3 C,on obtient :


  0
−3 3 k4 k5 k6
= 2Xk1 + k2 + X + +
(X − 2)4 (X − 2) (X − 2)2 (X − 2)3
−3
X = 0 ⇒ k2 =
16
Calcul de k1

En dérivant une deuxième fois,on obtient :

2
  00
12 3 k4 k5 k6
= 2k1 + X + +
(X − 2)5 (X − 2) (X − 2)2 (X − 2)3
12 −3
X=0⇒ = 2k1 ⇒ k1 =
−32 4
Calcul de k6
 
3 1 3 k1 k2 k3
(X − 2) C = 3 = (X − 2) + + + (X − 2)2 k4 + (X − 2)k5 + k6
X X X2 X3
1
X = 2 ⇒ k6 =
8
Calcul de k5

En dérivant (X − 2)3 C , on obtient :


  0
−3 3 k1 k2 k3
= (X − 2) + + + 2(X − 2)k4 + k5
X4 X X2 X3
−3
X = 2 ⇒ k5 =
16
Calcul de k4

En dérivant une deuxieme fois, on obtient :


  00
12 3 k1 k2 k3
= (X − 2) + + + 2k4
X5 X X2 X3
12 3
X=2⇒ = 2k4 ⇒ k4 =
32 4

1 −3 3 1 3 3 1
= − − + − +
X 3 (X − 2)3 4X 16X 2 8X 3 4(X − 2) 16(X − 2)2 8(X − 2)3
X3
4. D(X) =
X4 + X2 + 1
X 4 + X 2 + 1 = X 4 + X 2 + 1 + (X 2 − X 2 ) = (X 4 + 2X 2 + 1) − X 2 = (X 2 + 1)2 − X 2
= (X 2 + X + 1)(X 2 − X + 1)
X3 a1 X + b 1 a2 X + b 2
D(X) = = +
(X 2 + X + 1)(X 2 − X + 1) X2 + X + 1 X2 − X + 1
−a1 X + b1 −a2 X + b2 −a1 X − b1 −a2 X − b2
On remarque que : D(−X) = −D(X) ⇒ 2 + 2 = 2 +
X −X +1 X +X +1 X + X + 1 X2 − X + 1
Par identification, on obtient : a1 = a2 b1 = −b2 d’où :

X3 a1 X + b 1 a1 X − b 1
D(X) = 2 2
= 2 + 2
(X + X + 1)(X − X + 1) X +X +1 X −X +1
Calcul de a1

X4 a1 X + b 1 a1 X − b 1
lim XD(X) = lim 2 2
= lim X 2 + lim X 2
x→+∞ x→+∞ (X + X + 1)(X − X + 1) x→+∞ X + X + 1 x→+∞ X − X + 1
1
⇒ 1 = 2a1 ⇒ a1 =
2

3
Calcul de b1

X3 a1 X + b 1 a1 X − b 1
D(X) = 2 2
= 2 + 2
(X + X + 1)(X − X + 1) X +X +1 X −X +1
1 a1 + b 1 4a1 − 1
X=1⇒ = + a1 − b1 ⇒ 1 = a1 + b1 + 3a1 − 3b1 ⇒ −2b1 = 1 − 4a1 ⇒ b1 =
3 3 2
1
b1 =
2

X3 X +1 X −1
2 2
= 2
+ 2
(X + X + 1)(X − X + 1) 2(X + X + 1) 2(X − X + 1)

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