ADA &PRC

NOTEDMI

eonomics 1
The Story of
Village Palampur
Chapter at a Glance
Introduction to Palampur Village
Agriculture isthe main production activity in a hypothetical village named Palampur in
Westerm Uttar Pradesh. Other production activities like dairy farming, manufacturing,
transportation and shop keeping are done in a limited way.
Palampur is having an alweather road connecting it to a bigger village named Raiganj
about 3 km away and there onwards to the nearest small town called Shahpur. All kinds of
vehicles ply on this road, from bullock carts to trucks.
Out of the 450 families living in Palampur, about 80 upper caste families own the
majority of the land and have large and well constructed permanent houses. The SCs (dalits) in
the village comprise about 150 families and are landless labourers. They live in one corner of the
village in smaller houses, some of which are poorly constructed. Since electricity came early to
Palampur, most of the houses in the village have electric connections. Electricity powers the
tubewells used for irigating crops, besides providing power for running small-scale
manufacturing and other business activities in Palampur.
The village has two primary schools and one high school, besides a government
health centre and a private dispensary. primary

Organisation of Production
Production is an activity which gives us the goods and services that we want. This requires
four inputs, which are called factors of production'.
1. Land and other natural resources like water, minerals,
forests etc.
2. Labour for carrying out the production activity. Some
work may be manual labour and
other work may require highly skilled or educated persons.
3. Physical capital like machinery, building, tools, etc
used repeatedly for a long time and raw materials and (called fixed capital) which can be
money in hand (called
capital). Working capital is used up during the production activity, resulting working
in the
finished goods or services required, whereas fixed capital is used again and
4. Human capital is the knowledge and enterprise again.
inputs to produce the output, which can required to put together all the above
either be sold in the market or used by the
person producing the output.
 155 of large fulllike of usedlabour workagreeperpay? the thus citúesSome
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o income
their sources
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to and terms
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Palampur is and opportunities. Palampur and inputsthem. activities
their of sector andmarket money
to
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labourers widely
for use competitíonlabourers
so
opportunities,
240similar towns use cities purchase
capital. capitalbig
small
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about to
Palampur to Palampur
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production
1960,
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deal
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Palampur for through
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which
in in
(e.g.,transportation, capitalis
would
employed activities
Palampur
the activities services
in
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there one
sector the amount
non-farm
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people
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156 rural
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category
land, economic
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category of high-yielding crushing production.
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of
of activity? is &
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159 methods in total India consumption
foodgrains highest
reports? thetrading a for non-farming
collection-cum-milk
buying and been research
researchirigation?
of natural. to
farmers
jaggery
sugarcane
at
farmers or provision traders
Punjab. activity?to capital again seeds?
seeds
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modern farrmers newspaper
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rainfall year.
of centre is HYV of allowed a canthe
the small
percentage is
area. highesthaving trading
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source a up
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varieties in set he to
because
of by small
cultivated
chilling
and clay, usedto goods. whereas crops that
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as capital HYV irrigation improvement
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a
to by considered
cities. tractor, not of in high-yielding
be as differentso
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true,
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cultivated Raiganj
running milk transportation only rainfall
organisations artificially, machine
is fixed
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fertilisers, of
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additional for halfof areas? due power land
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small
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village.
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in electricdone
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in farmersunit standard Bigha small crop. significantly Type which
and labourers
additional
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areas now theareas
of fields? land. size? Palampur
are in Kharif cultivation?
under the
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to
than areas
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migrate? Delhi
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from
labourers have unable 850more Majauli Nagpur Majauli people
better labourers. to
cities rickshavw the he which
for out to imagination be labourerS,
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the
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Though
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competition 3.the farmers cultivation themodernon land.
ofpiece and by
farm The
themselves
labourers condition
labourersexamples. with
are December. fertilisers Dala who
the one practice is crop common Punjab, tractors are
Modern set
much than season
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eg., and Ans.one these Why Ans.(a) (b)
160 2. 4. 5.
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also in electrictheareas 200farners
thebullocks. machine. only do per
under areaforunevenly
less, at Are work
Choose arecasual
labourers theyof
manufactured
increasing industries. farmers essential yield working who
in to af to search
pesticides pumps larger and the is be get?
get drought,
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rainfall
like irigation,
by area increase the they
labourers. Basanti,
as
help rainfall crushing
their is they two
combined
in water Palampurmuch drawn very they increase labourers in
wworking
for machinery
manufactured electrícity cultivated the rainfall do to village
insecticides.
needed
all the as
run if
is andandseason. be Do
wages are and Due
and irrigate on
wheel under
effectively sugarcane
increaseto water willto
are all dependbusinesses important low, two kind? debt?
in Khilawan
there
also equipment in crops.
grow
multiple
thecountry helping or wifeworkers.
their
fertilisers
hectarefarm housespowersto Persian come because a it What
to labourers
for
are of
irrigation
spread
entire India,be in in
andalso help to Mishrilal's
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regularly?
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seeds, sites. and leave
use theconnections.
more have small important
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Why?is irrigation cropping, Ram construction
thresherS
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chemical are Tubewell
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that traditional
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one region, cash
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grow
distributedgood farm to
HYV yield did Most fields Since multiple paid had
did like your
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(1) (11) (iii) Ans.i) (ii) (iii) Ans. able they Ans.1)
Is In
11. 12.
1
centre a demand
there such courses buffalo
thecomputer purchasedselling Kishorafollowing
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Ganga
river from from
benefited
benefited goodswould
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inputs in
methods
Palampur following.
centre
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reasons. village
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the people
not of is earns to run the
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Village a possible was
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transport in
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manufactured
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Ans.
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of the village, so
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Kishora's moneyminus is Transporting
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industry.
For
example
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Discuss and business
Kishora' s bankthink and working Kishora
in the and
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from have Modern
In agree? Iequire
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(iv)
8. o
NOE8 PRO
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 Savita andschemes
to facilities in works 60 labourers
wages
the violating? by can
all minimum
Tejpal have
interest start training villagersareas. is for work to land
Soclal
CBSE
9th condition low fixed malpractice
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provide ensuring piece
charged
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among
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corrected? government
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evaluation
This
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competition
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Palampur.
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1A (i)
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each]
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to theINCERT|
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rate loan
agree unable from use repay on on
because
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approximately farmers as needs haveare
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for interest
work
[5
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theyof different
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in are debt. farner farmers or loanscase loanbe at order Savita
paidregularlyBecnuse inseeticides,
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cultivation. bank
condition large highto
during of
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which they large mcthods
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They
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and How thesmall the on great so Savita Singh, to day.
farming
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concrete
Some
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sSmall rateis the
low low before.
than
money
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loan Tejpal hasfarm
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employment.
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medium moneylenders Singh 35
day forandtheirthe farmers?
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following also Answerfrom
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get Savita, as
at the
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deal Theown
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borrow
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Savitaseason production
i0
able
In TheThey whatSingh? on
interest?
money an
field
Explain The
capital wheat
How Ans. great (i) Long Ans.
(ii) (i) (i) On she Ans. (i)
162 13, 14. 1,
 163 a trOm forother farm
haveat have Sheto her hadworkingunder
harvest hectares.
millíon under in on
Palampur.
Source
of
Irrigation
got loan tíme information
(rain,
tanks,
tube
wells,
canals
etc)
bank then.especially
she
hadloan and would her years area
would
the more Singh, land 1990
2000
she a pesticides, onat Singh besides
a got months. theCutivated
Area
the grown
takingfrom sheattention i.e.,
devote the
Tejpalmembers,
have Tejpal the
ifbenefited she Also, needed, 24%, over 120130140140140 140
increase on region.
crops
loan 1980show? based Harvested
of would fourshowsof area Month
entire to
insteada andthen interest. for from
of in
India
units the your
most able paper.
get fertilisers
She workingfamily ratefor Cultivated 1970
graph about table
have expenses, money wage table to in
could heris been
bank, benefited,
of a graph 1960 grownName
irrigation?
Why? following
theimportant
of
Month
Sown
Savita it
focus her at read
Savita rate when of have borrowing low
interestfollowing
of children.
does
Tejpal sceds,
Singh? reasonable instead in a 1.1
cultivation 1950 have crops Crops
a to a on Table 1950 the
would
from ecessary
definitely alsoneeds at Yearbno1960
1970 1990
1980 2000 Whatit
If buying abletime would payhim this 140 120100 80 60 40 20 Is
YouFillthe
time,
HoWIoan Ans. been
a thethreeOn for The Plot
to (i) (i) (ii)
a at
5.
4
These family
members.
his water have the for capital produce small
season.
provides farmers
their no rates
agricultural for no
farms,
produce
chemical
irrigation, thelarder
single
grain
greater produced adjacent
theallows to he [HOTSI
of producing
space. willhis forfrom lender's which
expenses lenders.
the
piece
of uses required with or have
problems
1hectare of fertilisers, to increasing hightheir
Palampur on
than practice between land rates of members needs
far given equipment.
management survival moneylenders. rainfall, he
the
their next
loans large
narrow, the availability
family his This begin
at they
much
plant
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to
same result,
be of interest
in left,repaying
capital thegiving one loansof their
thea interactiononly the hectare work of market. and
pesticides can in theand family
on meet part for thus from they sizes
different forHence
Village produce
a
land. in with withExplain for seeds
modern available, surplus
labourers. medium take
is crops high a capital forrates,themcase, small kept
from a As foodgrainsgrown enoughor to
the
with To his for
of
? retainthe this to
of which him upon sources farmers have lenders.
seeds,
of(HYV) varieties, piece species,farmer 1 buyat
allow
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erratic. farmers
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interest theis
of
Story and
output
seeds
Inter-cropping,
same
are ?
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of
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Thus,
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capital
HYV
maximum
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farmer needs
needs
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2. 3.
RÈDMEEOTE 8PRO
 a (NCERT) landlessof are area 64%
small ofcultivate
is on each The is [NCERT) for
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Capital
find distribution hectares they there production Next
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Surplus
in
Palampur?
the whereas similar farmers has
ofdistribution production
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Science in smallmore have more
whích the
in
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150
thatunequal 36% was Each 1Farmer Farmer
2
cultivated
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them
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40 40 40
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agree
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which of the inequality
in India though
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tion 100 120 tion 80
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Ans. out 240 large
land This India twice
than
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under in millionareafarmers
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land increase andin
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canals
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1990 units million the thatand andneeds tanks,(rain, India ofFarmers
Number
80%
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Octobertubewells farmers
Large
120 constant and Rain, September,Rain,
September, is and
D
Medlum
2
1980 shows so cropping seeds
earning in cultivate than
in that 140
was firstlyyear results. Harvested farmers (More
1970 India to to HYV Month June
April,
graph shovws India remained
rose important a October 20%
2000.
till
hectares in and best
irrigation,
multiple they hectare)
64%
1960 in
in which crop of of
above graph
cultivationcultivation use give
production June,
July June,
December July distribution
land Area
Cultivated
farmers
and one Sown October,
Month following
graph 2
1950 hectares. 1950 is do to
because than
The The 1970 itYes,under than water of
140 120 100 80 in can (ii)
Name
of amount
O (Less
Small
50 40 20 36%
Ans. Crops
(i) Wheat Jowar Bajra
ii) Rice and The
164
6.
 165 notfromsiga.
longer
no INCERT]the
his unit for for bill his landless
increase very
and more
is is
the scale, face a or will he break
theareas
didit negativehas up money electricityand
farmers him unit. materialrun he face crushing
machine
becomes
manufacturing
of are reducecalamity,him.decreases,
buy anyhe
farmer set capital machine.
sizeas might
therefore, may nearby
production
form to scale small to
to production of other case?employ village
in low
to for enough
as to machine.
crushing
sugarcane
form providedunable
by raw electricity he will
hadthe capital, need following
third the smallhectares
is his when he
profit. in lossjaggery
capital. the paying this will the is which
following
other
by the from crushing is sugarcane
So and production sugarcane
manufacturing
unit?
jaggery a sell
theand indicated Mishrilal
his in in in
Mishrilal a in
up wheat.
industryreasons
or
jaggery
to
under
wheatcontinue
arranges
as the Capital
Sugarcane
Capital for labourOtherwise
is
The
he
labour set
holdings
2 for lessincrease
to
unable drought
leading
for to
year, up the
invest needed andthe why has
about
of under pay is any
Conditions of
able
demand
did the
running of his his
anymarket,
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stop. production
down, be
cannot capital provides guess Mishrilal of think any
he to
produce surplus Fixed buying
To Mishrilal
(a) labourers. is
also
less,
hasmachine.
be (a)
If
his
to
defective, reduces,not
Small Since due
the unless of family.youprofit?
his The area
He you can
the
come
will even.
In theHe What Ans. (b) WhoAns. Can Ans. (b)
a)
loss?
a
Could If If
(c) (d) loss
Ans. (b) (c)
(U1)
) (i) (i) (iv)
O
Capital
forthe
Next he to
threeCan Capital
for
Year do the
Next Capital
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Capltal three farmersecondfarmer
Palampur Year the
Next the
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wheat
by to 60 80 120 Year Year 20 40 Farmer
3
40 40 40 00 the
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Consumption of follows first the third
Surplus year Surplus
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he Surplus Surplus production the of
60 80 120
40 the
Village in will 40 40 40 20 00 - Farmer2
of 3 What as 80 80 80 of 160.wheat of
Farmer
3 farmer Farmer
productUon was wheat 80. wheat
Produc-Consum 1 Farmer
2 Produc-
Consum Farmer3
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ption 40 to at
of
ption 40 40 years.
continue Product
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ption 40 ption 40 40 wheat
year 0.
constant
continue
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40 40 40 40 40 40 to
of 60
Story to
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Farmer
1 production
production production
Produc of the 100 120 160 from from
tion 60 theOVer ion 100 120 160 tion 80 80 80 tlon 60 40 Comparison
over was
The Compare
farmerS
00
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Year3
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Year 3Year 1Year2Year 3Year 1Year2
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(ii) tii)
(i)
DMOTE 8 PRO
QUABCAMERA
 Term cdwelings,
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ponds.
likemadeThey
cultivation
(Araa
covering increasina
of Use INCERT
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run privata storos electric
schoolshealth
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since
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try up of and machinery wheat,
to
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seeds.
primary one general powers land?
of land.
at to
fertilisers
9th eatables
have In of of cropping. Methods and India. made faster,
which of
grazing
ground) and Used syslerm of picce
more
lifferent to grow are first regions
land wayof yields
Class heclares school houses use piece many Haryanain and perHYV
not two jovernmnl
primary some
shops
selling
and is businosses
cdevelop0d ways plece same Palampur
crop
to themethods harvesting
When threshers,kg
Land hashigh and and of multiple
common years. help chemical
irrigation
these farm high with
has theConneclions.and transport given andthird Farming were
Science hectares) 26
and a
Palarnpur
one
dispensary
tubowells
two the piece Punjab,
pesticides
farming.
in 1300
with hectare
is of Shahpur same
different cropping also
heclares the MarkotMost
There small
well on Cropping
a as aon in cropstwenty in
farming used
Irrigatect
Unirrigated are Pradesh from
andrewarded
by
explain.
to on
production most the methods farmers and
Social (in |A known production
farmers Modernhectare.
per
yield for seeds,
per
Cultivated
Land 20
the methods grown main of also ploughing increasing
Communlcation as to
Use Facilitics
(d) Educational Nearesttheon
town Multiple Multiple the fifteen
potato
moderntubewells tractors kg
Farmners
CBSE Land Electricity is is Uttar The HYV Some were 3200
of farming
hectaros Medlcal Markel is it All two
200 supply examples
are production increasing It
farming cropyear(a) (b) Use (a) (b) (c)
(c) What Ans.
() (ii)
10,
labour
may in 450for come morejaggery
buyfor
demand his ten the INCERTI nearest neighbouring small 246
traders details for ponds,
cOvering from to
he withdemand to in in up Palampur. village
electricity,
increase,
people
vìllagos
his not once Fill
the avallable km nearest is
to roads,
The village
the
jaggery village
lbig scllsand of format.
surveyed
cultivatlon
(Area
ground)
grazing
3
where some village.
located
a surrounding
Mishrilal on not 26
hectares with connectsthe
Palampur
likecosts village?small not Shahpur information
following
dwelings,
to Village
his
is town is and Land is big connected
coststransportation
sells there further
his a there so is census Village
hectares) Palampur
a and road
towns.
villages
Shahpur.
oftown
India the
other Mishrilal in is andtherc.
jaggery
a different in
there, the Irrigated
Unirrigated is istown weather
Shahpur.
of
loss. not Palampuris and traders
aface on the Electriclty
supply which and of area
The
total
Shalhpur Communication
any and fanilies jaggery in thein based of (in Cultlvated
things village.
Land
town
well Arca
does from villagepresented AreaUse
during
Educallonal Location
Raiganj all
Raiganj
hoctares.
If or Shahpur to
Locatlon
(a) (d)
Facilities
Medical Nearest is
Ans.(a) followingTotal Market An Total
(d) Why (b) Land It
Every
years
(v) are (b) (c) Ans.(a) (b)
9.
REDMI NOTE 8PRO
D A&UAD CAMERA
 167 many scale field shopkeepers
thethem openedsectoroneof class twoComputer
thehectare.
kg associated
of of reduced of agricultural
good
they
farmers VBQJ
problem? will
the
followingthe are the the cropcereals
third
to cereals.
methods
they in
due
from from
types to from 3200 useuse they
violating
reducing
soil
the
because about third
using
followed
the are
in small Mishrilal.sell computer
transportation employment increased This table,
the lost
activity in goods have
and goods grownto
per continuous
has principle i.e., growing
harvesting
different in up you this are
the
think Palampur
not thinking
by
development,
a betweensoil
seasons. waterthose
in orhomesas cities stand is
diploma kg went revolution irrigation rectify are
years,
which
the
involved various
by involved carrying a ground." problem
common jaggery opened wheat 1300 to
farmers in while to
in
the bus basic
provided yield due in rabi in
their words. some without nutrients similar
the Also they practices,
agricultural
good method,
grown reduction rainwater
shopsandin
buyin theeatables.
selling a of wasthe tubewell
fertility do arefollowing
thecontext, and
fertilisers
Kareem what
not,
are in of are whomarketnear in another had yield green shouldof after Thesustainable
this
a ourofregion. manufacturing
production are seeds, below
fertilisers. 120
about monsoons
people people villages. people alsowhoApplications. varieties farmers resources is kharif
the
is
people people the soil
ofloss
drastically. rectifyvegetable/fruit
cropping other
arid
regions.
Dairy traders
wholesale likeand areas, for table How fertility theemploy
backchemical
ferrying
to vehicles. women Palampur,
HYVhectare".
per groundwater
aboveIf
practices? the
Some ew People
centre The of bringscounter
) like and inthe Some Someplace traditional
the many chemical violating?
water Palampur in
Explain
its
principle can
exploiting in
'multiple
the
families A the
with future. of should
Ans. (1) With In
the
Ans. loseyield They grown crop
during
(iii) (iv) (v) (vi) "In "In the a useTo
of
14.
work for farmer
of [NCERTJ even difficulthas or notor loanacharges
facilities. the[NCERT]
highthe andirrigation Ramlal
thein wereto thetubewellstheyby time
irrigation. ordinarythechemical
andandin of
fertilisation. in (NCERTI
place
use started
Village hectare land for
Palampur he farmers alsoseeds to has repay
take trap. regionduring about fromn drawn
and
traditionally
lives
technology,increase short
list.
family.
field in they pesticides
like
tractors
less very
subsistence survive. is HYV residents
traditionally the taking
of irrigation to debt in they technology,
water difficult seeds,
1 own rich he methods knowearlier
yourchanges
effective
ploughs used
with hectaretoofamily,
is his
it so machinery, able
a on
dung
for
manure an improved
a
is andfor his theto capital, he who into
capital,
pesticides.
and
insecticides oldto draw veryThey in
HYV to Make
activities
farmer land
small labourer rarely in thatlater moremethods,
with insecticides,
provide
on of no falls residents two came changes led
1 a of lowW field has moneylender theproduction were andto of a process. using and
machinery
has
Palampur)?
called
having a working working
modern is eventuallyon to me development
and was
field non-farm
ofStory
The a very
hectare
of farmer absence
of I that wheel hectare
of to
sustenance the casual He talking
Singh, toldrainfall farming which
report better cowwithstarted
whichseeds
and
is farmer methods
A1 Describe
the
is
farmer1
farming
Production
hecause the
from
Apart

on
work
the for to

a
as
work
no buy
small
has to (vi)
In
the
The able from loan
He

rate.
interest

old
some
a and short years.
in
changes
30
They Persian
lastOn Dharam on
i)
With
area.dependent
irrigation usedthe

the
for ploughed
consuming fertilisers, the
bullocks,However
farmers per
farmers.(or
threshers
modern
the
yield are
region
land.Ans.A to a
Talkwriteand
the In
Ans.and our use wells.were(i1) Whatyour
) () (:8) (iv)(v) (iiü)
11 12. 13.
DM NOTE 8. PRO
 Term production wheat farmers use
Thus, fertilisersto the
whereas buy the needs shade farmers.
Production
of
Producton
of was the the required these
9th of
greatlyproduction raw Why?require
and
by by and the with
Class Pulses Wheat Revolution required
required are all farmer
results you small
the
negligibly require chemical
methods? payments before.
always
methods methods buying farmers? rectangles
2001,increased can
Science 19 0-91\ and
the capitalcapital
Green
increasedincreasing farming
is
farming
methods
than need
farming
a
bestfor so farming.
below,
needed, small
However,
produce

by
cultivated
1965 wheat workingworking Money
make cash shaded
Social compared
to
pulses. which start giventhe
the farming is land
items. moreModern
necessary
19659-6780.7
Between
of modernmodernto
money. to money to picture by The
that
in production seeds production.
CBSE hasproduction the The
successful with pesticidescash cultivated the
Modern
say is more the Ans.show
pulses Whatusing
Ans.using
and startAns.HYV of
Ans. can lot 9.In
80 60 40 20 0 8.
7.
jaggery. cash, of Green
farmingtriedUttar labourers? a equally
the bogeys, to dairy out on Production
of
production
this
uscd carried firstWestern in Wheat
on 10 24 36 55 70
visible the
slhed labourers thePlotRevolution Wheat
Discuss.
tongas,farmer? goods modernwere farm
truckS, of being like foodgrains. tonnes.
after
the and and the and
transport capital methods the meals.
carts, dairyand
Shahpur. non-farm
activities
are industries
activities Punjab farm India crops? Production
of
Pulses
Miscelianeous
Questions and people were
out?
to
paid
shows million
Green Pulses
10 12 11 14 11
a cows
tractors fixed of tosometimes
in the of
of bullock of of (v)
India farming production
Haryana, paid
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R A R large then
> o o oL< o that 173
5