CHAPTER III

METHOD OF THE RESEARCH

A. Research Method
The researcher used a quantitative technique in this study. A quantitative approach is
one in which the investigatory primarily uses this technique for developing knowledge (i.e.,
cause and effect thinking, reduction to specific variables and hypothesis and questions, use of
measurement and observation, and the test), and collects data on predetermined instruments
that yield statistics data.1 Experimental research is one of the most powerful research
methodologies that researchers can use. Of the many types o.f research that might be used,
the experiment is the best way to establish cause and effect relationships among variables.
Yet experiments are not always easy to conduct. 2
The researcher utilized a quasi-experimental design in this investigation. Because
population availability is a factor, a quasi experimental approach was used. The investigator
employs control and experimental groups in a pseudo experiment, but does not allocate
subjects to groups at random; instead, they may be intact groups available to the researcher.
All experiments involving at least a treatment, an outcome measure, units of assignment, and
a comparison from which change may be deduced and hopefully assigned to the treatments
are referred to as experiment research3
There was two courses in this study, one as an experimental class and the other as a
control class. Pre-test, experimental treatment, and post-test are all part of the study process.
The Duolingo Application approach is used by the researcher to teach the students in the
experimental class and The researcher uses various medium to teach the pupils in the control
group. A pre-test is administered before to treatment to assess their progress in the learning
process. The post-test is administered after the researcher has given the experimental class a
treatment. Both classes' pre-test results are compared to the post-test results.
B. Place and Time of Research
The writer did the research at Elementary school SDN IV Cilegon on the five grade
which is located in Jl. Sastradikarta No.19, RT.4/RW.8, Masigit, Jombang, Cilegon, Banten,

1
John W. Creswell, Research design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approach. (USA:
SAGE Publications, Inc., 2009), p, 195.
2
Jack R Fraenkel, Norman E wallen. How to design and evaluate research education (United States:
McGraw Hill, 2006). Page 267 David Nunan, Kathleen
3
Dale. T. Griffe. An Introduction to Second Language Research Methods: Design and Data. (USA:
TESL-EJ Publication, 2012), p, 71.
 42411 The writer conducted this research on 26th July 2022 until 29 July 2022.in this
research the writer focused on students Pronounciation with Duolingo application.
C. Population and sample
a. Population
The population is a group of individuals with the same characteristcs. The population
in this study were students in the Five grade at SDN IV Cilegon in the academic year
2022/2023, from class five A and class five B, with a total population of 76 students. The
researcher sampled two classes from SDN IV Cilegon, each of which had 38 students.
b. Sample
The sample represents a subset of the population whose characteristics will be studied. A
sample is a discrete portion of a larger statistical population. It can be defined as a group of
target respondents chosen for the survey from a large population. In this study, cluster
random sampling was used as the sampling method. When compiling a list of the elements
that make up the population is impracticable or impractical, cluster random sampling or
sample area (group) is ideal 36 The experimental and control classes of SDN IV Cilegon
were discovered to be class five A and Five B Each class has 38 pupils in it. Class Five B
will be the control class, which will be taught using the traditional way, and Class Five A will
be the experiment class, which will be taught using Duolingo Application.
D. Instrument
a. Test
A test is a tool used to gather information that answers a question in the tool, and pupils must
demonstrate their aptitude in it. Tests are a technique used to gauge a person's or group's level
of skill, knowledge, intelligence, and talent for data collection. A person's knowledge,
performance, or abilities in a certain domain. are also evaluated through tests. In this study,
the researcher collected data on students' pronunciation abilities. The instrument of the
research is, Read a text about “Father, Mother, Murder and Burger” based on your
knowledge and Read with a good pronunciation.

b. Observation
Observation is intended to see and to know about the condition of class and students.
Process of teaching and learning, the students' motivation, to see their difficulties, their
problem, and their understanding about the material given that can be seen from their attitude,
behavior, and response. Before doing the research, the writer does the observation directly to
the school that becomes the place of this research and also to population who becomes object
 of this research. The object of this research consists of the students activity. The purpose of
this observation is to get some factual information about teaching learning activities and how
is the students' response in learning English. In this study, researchers used direct observation
of the study site in class Five A and Five B, at SDN IV Cilegon

c. Documentation
Document is a tool for quantifying data. In this study, the researcher relied on
supporting evidence to back up information regarding pupils or the school's profile.

E. Data Collection and Data analysis technique

The research used two methods namely observation, and test. This technique is used
in order to get specific data related to problems of research. The instruments of research will
be discussed in the followings paragraphs.

1. Observation
The writer observes the application activities of technique and the way to learn
English pronunciation at the five grade of SDN IV Cilegon Information will be got from:
a. The student’s enthusiastic in learn English pronunciation using Duolingo
application.
b. The situation in the class of English subject, especially in teaching and learning
English pronunciation.
2. Test
The researcher uses Test, Test consists of pre-test and post-test. The test is
purposed to find out whether students English pronunciation score is better than before
or not.
a. Pre-test
Pre-test executed before presenting treatment. Pretest was employed before the
treatment that was given to the experimental groups and control groups. This test was
an objective test, and researchers used The oral test includes 10 secret word have score.
It is intended to know the first condition of students’ English pronunciation student.
b. Treatment
 The writer used the Duolingo Application as online learning media in this
study. The writer provided treatment to the students by utilizing materials,
explanations, and examples from the Duolingo Application.
c. Post-test
Posttest was employed in the end of the program of the research. Post test was
done in both groups, experimental groups and control groups. The test was used to
know the students' speaking ability after the treatment. The oral test includes 10 secret
word have score relate to English pronunciation, it is intended measure how students
English pronunciation using Duolingo Application. In addition, this test will describe
the differences between both control and experiment class after treatment.

Here is the description of scoring:

No Letter Score Description
1 A 81-100 Very good
2 B 65-80 Good
3 C 51-64 Fair
4 D 41-50 Poor
5 E 0-40 Very poor

In analysing the data, the writer used t-test formula. The two classes are

compared to the independent variable, the experiment class is X variable and the

control class is Y variable.4 The formula of t-test is expressed as follows.

The formula of t-test as follow:

4
Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, (Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2008), p, 324.
 1
∑ M −M ²
TO¿ 1
SE M −M ²

The calculation can be seen as follow:

1. Determining mean of variable X

X
M1 = ∑
N1

2. Determining mean of variable Y

Y
M2 = ∑
N2

3. Determining standard of deviation score of variable X

SD1 =
√ ∑X²
N1

4. Determining standard of deviation score of variable Y:

SD2 =
√ ∑y²
N1

5. Determining Standard Error Mean Variable X:

SD ¹
=
SEm1
√ N 1 −1

6. Determining Standard Error Mean Variable Y:

SD ²
=
SEm2
√ N ²−1
7. Determining Standard Error of Different Mean Variable X And Variable Y, with

formula:

SE m1-m2 = √ SEm 1−SEm 2

8. Determining t0 with formula:

1
M −M ²
To =
SE m 1−m2

9. Determining Degrees of Freedom, with formula:

𝐷f = (𝑁𝑁1+𝑁𝑁2) − 2

10. Determining t-table in significance level 5% and 1% with df.

Df = 74

Significance level 5% of df 74 is 1,66

Significance level 1% of df 74 is 2,37

11. Comparing the t-score with t-table:

The researcher compares tO (tobservation) with tt (t-table) that if tO > tt it

means that H0 (Null hypothesis) is rejected and H a (alternative hypothesis) is

accepted, but when t0 < tt it means that H0 is accepted, and Ha is rejected.

t0: tt = 7,4 > 1,66

t0: tt = 7,4 > 2,3