UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY

(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)

City of Iriga

GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH

Chapter 2

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the method and procedures used in gathering and

interpreting the data needed for the present investigation. It emphasizes the

description of the method or design, subjects of the study, and sampling design.

This also includes the sources or instruments used and the statistical measures

employed in the interpretation of the data.

Research Method

This study utilized the descriptive-evaluative survey method of research.

The use of descriptive survey helped obtain the descriptive information that

answers the queries set in the problem being posed. According to Sevilla, 1

descriptive research largely involve tasks on describing, analyzing and

interpreting the conditions currently exist. This method is designed to know and

dissect the facts or current condition concerning the nature or characteristics of a

group of person or a class of events which may involve organization,

classification, analysis, enumeration and measurement.

Moreover, the process of descriptive research goes beyond mere

gathering of tabulation of data. It involves an element of interpretation of

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 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
City of Iriga

GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH

meaning or significance of what is described. Specifically, in this study, the said

method drew out the whole picture on the collaborative approach on classroom

observation among Science teachers on public secondary schools of

Garchitorena District.

It is evaluative in nature since the study made an appraisal on the extent

of instructional management practices and used in the formulation of enhanced

collaborative approach on classroom observation program among Science

teachers on public secondary schools s of Garchitorena District.

Correlational method was used to measure the relationship of instructional

management practices among groups, indicating bot the strength and direction of

the relationship.

Respondents

The respondents of the study were all the science teachers of public

secondary schools of Garchitorena District, for school year 2018– 2019.

Data-Gathering Tools

The questionnaire is the main instrument to be used to gather the data.

These were supplemented by unstructured interview and documentary analysis.

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 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
City of Iriga

GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH

Questionnaire

The questionnaire is the main tool in data-gathering instrument to be used

in this study, purposely devised by the researcher to answer the salient questions

of the study. It contained items about instructional management practices. The

questionnaire has two parts: Part 1 focused on the respondent’s profile. Part 2

focused on instructional management practices on the following: a. Resource

Allocation b. Learners Engagement and differentiated instruction c. enrichment

and remedial instruction.

Questionnaire. The questionnaires was constructed in accordance with

the following criteria defined by Altares 2: clarity of language, specificity of content,

singleness of purpose, linguistic completenes, grammatical consistency, freedom

from assumption, freedom from suggestion and time required to finish

accomplishing the questionnaire.

The draft questionnaire was submitted to the researcher’s adviser and the

Dean of the Graduate School and Research for critiquing. Thus, suggestions

given for its improvement were reflected and after its approval, final copies were

made for dry run.

Validation of the questionnaire. To determinine the suitability of

language used in every item and ensure the clarity of directions, the researcher

administered a trial run of the questionnaires. The trial run identify the different

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 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
City of Iriga

GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH

problem such as: vagueness of language, directions, duplications of ideas in

some items.The criterion which determined the time requirement to finish

accomplishing the questionnaire has the following adjectival rating; too long,

long, just enough, and short.

Suggestions and recommendations were considered in the revision of the

questionnaire. After revising the questions, ten (10) copies were produced

subject to dry run among the researcher’s classmates in Research subject who

were also mentors and school heads. The respondents were instructed to attach

their comments on each question if they believed that the items should be

revised or changed. Items with comments were either revised or improved after

dry-run.

Administration and Retrieval of the questionnaire. A formal request to

undertake the study was sought from the Pubic Schools District Supervisor to

allow the researcher to conduct the study among the target respondents. During

the retrieval of questionnaires, the researcher likewise conducted informal

interview to the respondents. The results of which were used to supplement the

primary data. The gathered data was tabulated, organized, analyzed and

interptented

quantitatively.

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 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
City of Iriga

GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH

The writer personnally distributed the questionnaires to the different public

secondary schools of Garcitorena District. Retrieval of the questionnaires was

done two or three days after the distribution.

Unstructured Interview

After the distribution of questionnaires the researcher conducted

unstructured interview from the target participants of the program in all targeted

schools included in the present study. The exercise substantiated the given data

found in the questionnaire. Likewise, it ensured the validity of the gathered data

and was able to collect comments and suggestions that were used in the

analysis of the data.

Documentary Analysis – This was used to gather data on instructional

management among science teachers on public secondary schools of

Garchitorena District to be group according to their subject matter and terms of

the following aspects: a. resource allocation b. learners’ engagement c.

differentiated instruction d. enrichment and remedial instruction.

Library Technique - The library technique was likewise utilized to gather

pertinent information from books, journals and other existing document-based

researches. Likewise, the researcher also gathered information available in the

internet to gat significant data which shows bearing to the research.

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 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
City of Iriga

GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH

Statistical Tools

This research will employ varied means in the treatment of the data

gathered. After the necessary data-gathering has been dispensed with, the

resulting information was collated, organized, tabulated, analyzed and treated

statistically. The tools which used were as follows:

Weighted Mean will be used to determine the professional and personal

characteristics. It was employed to determine the depth and prevalence of the

beneficial effects obtained. The weight, range and the equivalent interpretation to

be used were:

Scale Interval Descriptions

4 3.26 – 4.0 Very Good

3 2.51 – 3.25 Good

2 1.76 – 2.50 Fair

1 1.00 – 1.75 Poor

Mw =
∑ fx
n

Where: Mw = is the weighted mean

∑ fx = is the sum of the product of the weight in the frequency

F = is the frequency

X = is the weight
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 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
City of Iriga

GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH

N = sum of the frequencies of the total number of respondents

Frequency count and percentage will be used to present the personal and

professional characteristics of the Secondary School teachers.

π
The formula is P= N

where : P = is the percentage

n = is the responses

N = is he total number of responses

ANOVA was used to determine the differences in instructional management

practices among groups.

MST
The formula : F=
MSE

where: MST = is the main square error, SST/c-1

MSE = is the mean square error , SSE/N-c

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 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
City of Iriga

GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH

c = the number of groups to compare with

N = is the total number of number of observations or case

Chi-square Test will be used to determine the significant

association of personal and professional characteristics of the secondary

teachers with instructional time practices along resource allocations,

differentiated teaching strategy and extended instructional time. The same

statistical tool was used.

( Fo−Fe2)
X 2
=∑
Fe

where: x2 = the Chi square value

Fo = the observed frequency

Fe = the observed frequency

Computations were done using the Statistical Package for Social

Sceneries (SPSS) with the level of significance set at 0.05 level.

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 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
City of Iriga

GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH

NOTES

1
Consuelo G. Sevilla, EdD,et.al (2004)., Research Methods (Quezon
City: Rex Bookstore Inc., 85.

Priscilla S. Altares, et.al.(2006) Elementary Statistics: A Modern

2

Approach (Quezon City: Rex Bookstore Inc., 2006), 101.

Alex B. Bolanos, (2006), Probabilities and Statistical Concepts

3

(Quezon City: Rex Bookstore Inc., 120.

4
Ibid
5
M. Downie and Robert V. Heath, (2003), Basic Statistical Methods
(New York: Harpers and Row Publishers, 257-259.

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