Grade 10

EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY
LINES AND ANGLES
ADJACENT SUPPLEMENTARY ANGLES
̂1 + 𝐵
In diagram, 𝐵 ̂2 = 180°

ANGLES ROUND A POINT

Angles round a point
In the diagram , 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 360°

VERTICALLY OPPOSITE ANGLES

Vertically opposite angles are equal
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CORRESPONDING ANGLES
IF 𝐴𝐵||𝐶𝐷, THAT THE CORRESPONDING ANGLES ARE EQUAL.

ALTERNATE ANGLES
IF 𝐴𝐵||𝐶𝐷, THEN THE ALTERNATE ANGLES ARE EQUAL.

CO-INTERIOR ANGLES
If ||𝐶𝐷 , then the co-interior angles add up to 180.
i.e. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 180°
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TRIANGLE
There are four kinds of triangles:

SCALENE TRIANGLE
No side are equal in length.

ISOSCELES TRIANGLE
Two sides are equal. Base angles are equal.
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EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
All three sides are equal
All three interior angles are equal

RIGHT –ANGLED TRIANGLE

One interior angle is 90.

Sum of angles of a triangle

𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 180°
Exterior angle of a triangle
𝑐 = 𝑎+𝑏
The Theorem of Pythagoras

𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
or
𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 − 𝐵𝐶 2
or
𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐴𝐵2

CONGRUENCY OF TRIANGLES (FOUR CONDITIONS)

CONDITION 1
Two triangles are congruent if three sides of one triangle are equal in length to the three sides
of the other triangle.

CONDITION 2
Two triangles are congruent if two sides and the included angle are equal to two sides and the
included angle of the other triangle .
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CONDITION 3
Two triangles are congruent if three sides of one triangle are equal in length to the three sides
of the other triangle

CONDITION 4
Two triangles are congruent if three sides of one triangle are equal in length to the three sides
of the other triangle