Grade 10

EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY
LINES AND ANGLES
ADJACENT SUPPLEMENTARY ANGLES
̂1 + 𝐵
In diagram, 𝐵 ̂2 = 180°

ANGLES ROUND A POINT

Angles round a point
In the diagram , 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 360°

VERTICALLY OPPOSITE ANGLES

Vertically opposite angles are equal
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CORRESPONDING ANGLES
IF 𝐴𝐵||𝐶𝐷, THAT THE CORRESPONDING ANGLES ARE EQUAL.

ALTERNATE ANGLES
IF 𝐴𝐵||𝐶𝐷, THEN THE ALTERNATE ANGLES ARE EQUAL.

CO-INTERIOR ANGLES
If ||𝐶𝐷 , then the co-interior angles add up to 180.
i.e. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 180°
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TRIANGLE
There are four kinds of triangles:

SCALENE TRIANGLE
No side are equal in length.

ISOSCELES TRIANGLE
Two sides are equal. Base angles are equal.
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EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
All three sides are equal
All three interior angles are equal

RIGHT –ANGLED TRIANGLE

One interior angle is 90.

Sum of angles of a triangle

𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 180°
Exterior angle of a triangle
𝑐 = 𝑎+𝑏
The Theorem of Pythagoras

𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
or
𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 − 𝐵𝐶 2
or
𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐴𝐵2

CONGRUENCY OF TRIANGLES (FIVE CONDITIONS)

CONDITION 1

Two triangles are congruent if all three sides of one triangle are equal in length to the
corresponding three sides of second triangle. SSS (Side-Side-Side)
CONDITION 2
Two triangles are congruent if two sides and the angle included between the sides are equal
to the corresponding two sides and the angle between the sides of the second triangle . SAS
(Side-Angle-Side)
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CONDITION 3
Two triangles are congruent if the side included between the angles of one triangle are
equal to the corresponding two angles of the second triangle. ASA (Angle-Side-Angle)
CONDITION 4
Two triangles are congruent if the two angles and a non-included side of a triangle are
equal to the corresponding two angles and side of the second triangle. AAS (Angle-
Angle-Side)
CONDITION 5
Two triangles are congruent if the side included between the angles of one triangle are
equal to the corresponding two angles of the second triangle. RHS (Right Angle-
Hypotenuse-Side)