SESSION 1 - IOL

BUSINESS PROCESS

Business process : A sequence of ac vi es &

decisions for accomplishing a unc on

Why do organiza on standardise business

processes ? = enforce policies, produce consistent
results, scalable, reduce risk

INNOVATION MATRIX 4 TYPES OF INNOVATION AND PROBLEMS THEY

SOLVE

INNOVATING WITH DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

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INFORMATIONS SYSTEM

Information system : the whole that emerges where people and IT interact for doing some work

PROCESS IMPROVEMENT

Process improvement : involve the business practices of identifying, analysing and improving existing
business process to optimise performance and improve quality and the user experience for customers and
end-users. (BPI or BP management)

Some ideas to achieve process improvement :

Organise around outcomes, not tasks

Have those who use the outcomes of the process perform the process

Merge information processing work into the real work that produces the information

Treat geographically resources as though they were centralised

Link parallel activities instead of integrating their results

Put the decision point where the work I performed and build controls into process

Capture information once, at the source

How can digital technologie be used to improve processes ?

Improve an activity : use GPS

Improve data ow among activities : display order process data on GPS delivery process

Improve control of activities : better control of order details

Use automation : send scheduled tweets for promotion

Improve procedures : payement procedure and process improve

HOW CAN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES CAN BE USED TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABILITY GOALS ?

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SUSTAINABILITY AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

WHAT IS ERP ?

ERP : entreprise ressources planning refers to a type of

software that organisations use to manage day-to-day

business activities such as HR, manufacturing,

accounting, supply chain management and CMR

(customer relationship management)

TWO CHARACTERISTICS OF ERP

ELEMENTS OF AN ERP SYSTEM

ERP includes application that integrate the processes for the

following functions :

SCM (supply chain management)

MRP (Manufacturing ressource planning)

CRM (customer relationship management)

HRM (human ressources management)

FRM ( nance ressource manegement)

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WHAT PROBLEM DOES ERP SOLVES ?

ERP : (enterprise resource planning system) is a type of software that shares information between di erent
functions in real time.

Information silo : isolated data stored in separated information systems

The information silo is solved by ERP systems.

Another silo solution : EAI (enterprise application interfaces)

ERP and EAI systems are sometimes referred to as enterprise systems.

ENTERPRISE APPLICATION INTEGRATION (EAI)

EAPI : software that enables informations silo to communicates with each other and share data

( ex : when the accoun ng informa on system sends data to the human resources informa on system, the EAI program
intercepts the data, converts it to work in the format required by the human resources system, and then sends the converted
data on to the human resources system)

EAI does the following :

• Connects informa ons silos via a new layer of so ware
• Enables exis ng applica ons to communicate and share data
• Provides integrated data
• Leverages exis ng systems, leaving departmental informa on
systems as is, but providing an integra on layer over the top
• Enable gradual move to ERP

Major bene t of EAI connect-the-silos approach : enables

organiza ons to use exis ng applica ons while allevia ng many of
the problems of informa on silos.

ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP)

ERP also solve the silo problem but with a centralised approach.

2 characteris cs :
1) ERP create a single data base (by consadila ng data, a company can avoid the problem of having mul ple
versions of the same things) = single source of truth
2) ERP provides process integra on ( set of industry-leading processes that are well integrated with each other,
« allow le hand of the organiza on know what the right hand is doing")

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 FIVE COMPONENTS OF ERP

Software : refers to the ERP system itself, con guration

Data : refers to the information stored in the ERP system, including transactional data, master data, and
con guration data

Hardware : refers to the physical equipment, cloud choices, smartphone users

Procedures : set of instructions for users to follow when operating the ERP system.

People : refer to the individuals involved in the implementation, 3 categories of people involved with
ERP systems: End users, IT analysts, and consultantS

Example of ERP systems : Netsuite, write, alemira

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF AN ERP SYSTEM ?

• Organizational bene ts : real-time data sharing and inherent processes that integrate well.

• Real-time data sharing allows managers to see trends as they occur and respond appropriately.

• Inherent processes of ERP systems convert organization's processes to the best-practice processes
of the ERP vendor.

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• An e ective ERP system can lead to better management as more managers have visibility to
more data.
• ERP systems can provide managers with process KPIs to help them spot trends and changes.

• ERP systems solve the information silo problem by eliminating the need for separate databases for
di erent departments.

• ERP systems make it easier to exchange data with supply chain partners.

• Bene ts of an ERP system are signi cant but implementing an ERP system poses many challenges.

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CHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTING ERP

Decision making challenges People challenges

SIDEBAR DIGITAL & ETHICAL : CANDIDATESETHICAL PRINCIPAL

ETHICAL ANALYSIS : A FIVE STEP PROCESS

DIGITAL BUSINESS MODELS

E-commerce / Market place (Zalando, amazon…)

Free - Freemium model (spotify, dropbox)

Peer-to-peer, two sided market place (Uber, LinkedIn, airbnb…)

Subscription-based (Net ix, salesforce…)

Hidden revenue generation (Google, Facebook…)

Open source Model

Ad-supported (google, twitter, Facebook…)

HOW TO ANALYSE DIGITAL BUSINESS MODELS

A tech business model is made of 4 mains components :

Value model (value propositions, mission, vision)

Technological model (R&D management)

Distribution model (sales and marketing organisational structure)

Financial model (revenue modelling, cost structure, pro tability and cash generation/management)

Those elements coming together can serve as the basis to build a solid tech business model

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WHY DIGITAL REVOLUTION NOW ?
THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION OR INDUSTRY 4.0

Data abundance

Unprecedented computing power

Ubiquitous connectivity

Advanced algorithms

4IR INNOVATION GAME-CHANGERS FOR EMERGING CITIES

WHAT FORMS CAN DIGITAL INITIATIVES TAKES ?

DIGITAL REVOLUTION, DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

Redesigned with digital : Online banking

Redesigned with digital : Online banking

Born digital : cryptocurrency banking Born digital : cryptocurrency banking

HOW TO BUILD A BETTER BUSINESS CASE FOR

DIGITAL INITIATIVES

Don’t build your business case as a series of

technologies investments
Link operational changes to tangible business
bene ts
Run small pilots, evaluate results and re ne your
approach

Work out the costs, the bene ts and the timing

of the return

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BIG DATA IN THE AGE OF AI

It’s (big) data that makes AI possible practice

Data visualisation may not be important/relevant when algorithmic machines make decisions

Big data and privacy

Data governance

DATA VALUE CHAIN : STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITIES

Data sources :databases, legacy system, SaaS apps, applications, web services, les

DATA VALUE CHAIN : FROM OPINION TO ACTION

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 DATA TECHNOLOGY AND SUSTAINABILITY

How data science and analytics can contribute to sustainable development

Big data => lots of informations => privacy can be violated => ethic => risks
Gender equality : analysis of nancial transactions can reveal the spending patterns and di érents
impacts of economic shocks on men and women

Decent work and economic growth : patterns in global postal tra c can provide indicators such as
economic growth remittances, trade and GDP

Climate action : combining satellite imagery, crowns-sourced witness account and open data can help
trap deforestation

Peace, Justice and strong intuitions : sentiment analysis of social media can reveal public opinion on
e ective governance, public service delivery or human right

Risks : more inequality between rich and poor with the access of big data

Cloud computing = greener option, smarter use of energy = help manage sustainability issues

AI = sustainability supply chain, improve weather and disaster prediction and response

DATA BROKERS

Data broker or data aggregator : company that acquires and purchases consumer and other data from
public records, retailers, internet cookie vendors, social media trackers and other sources and uses it to
create business intelligence that it sells to companies and government.

Two promising data brokers : Datalogix and Acxiom corporation

How data brokers get data ? Public records, online activity, purchase history, surveys and poll, data
exchanges, mobile apps, publicly available sources…

Is it legal that data broker sell data ? The legality of data brokers selling personal data depends on the
speci c laws and regulations in the jurisdiction where the data broker operates, as well as the speci c data
being sold. In many cases, data brokers are required to comply with data protection laws that govern the
collection, use, and disclosure of personal information.

Is their behaviour ethical ? The ethics of data brokers are a matter of debate, and opinions on their
behavior vary widely. Data brokers are often criticized for their lack of transparency and the potential
misuse of personal data, leading to privacy concerns and ethical debates.

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CLOUD COMPUTING AND AI FOR SUSTAINABILITY

Cloud is the greener option

Smarter use of energy

Trouble is the boom computing means more energy is needed for data centres

Cloud-based solutions can also help manage sustainability related issues

Salesforce sustainability cloud

AI has the potential to produce signi cant and impactful carbon emissions.

AI can also be a net positivity contributor to environmental sustainability in many industries

• Precisions agriculture (PA)

• AI-infused clean distributed energy grids

• Sustainable supply chains

• Enhanced weather and disaster prediction and response

TEACHABLE MACHINE

Teachable machines can help recruiting based on several criteria => BE CAREFUL sometimes AI (amazon
case) can make distinction between women and men => Discrimination

BUT machines can be trained and perfectionated to become impartial and have a great ethics principles.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RISK

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 SESSION 7 - IOL
DIGITAL INNOVATION AND DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION

In some instances, transformation can lead to innovation

In others, innovation can lead to transformation

This mutually causal relationship is often overlooked since they are thought to mean the same thing.

What happens after the innovation is the implementation process = transformation .

The goals of a digital transformation :

- Broadening the company’s reach

- Improving operational e ciency
- Transmuting the company’s culture and image

70% of all digital transformation initiatives do not reach their goals.

Fundamentally, it’s because most digital technologies provide possibilities for e ciency gains and
customer intimacy. The right mindset is needed.

Major di erentiating factors between transformation and innovation : speed (or lack thereof)

Transformations take time : moving from one state to another is a process.

Innovation, on the other hand, usually refers to a sudden spark or creativity.

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION

Digital innovation is not (just) about technology :

1. Figure out your business strategy before you invest in anything

2. Leverage insiders

3. Design customer experience from the outside in

4. Recognise employee’s fear of being replaced

5. Bring silicon valley start-up culture inside

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 SESSION 8 - IOL
CYBER ATTACK TIMELINE
CYBERSECURITY

Focuses on protecting electronic

information stored within those systems.
(Transmission, storage, con dentiality?…)

DIFFERENTS TYPES OF CYBERSECURITY ATTACKS

The terms « malware » refers to malicious software variants -such as worms, viruses, trojans and
spyware- that provides unauthorised access or cause damage to a computer.

Ransomware : type of malware that locks down les, data or systems, and threatens to erase or destroy
data - or make private or sensitive data to the public - unless a ransom is paid to the cybercriminals who
launched the attack.

Phishing : form of social engineering that tricks users into providing their own PII or sensitive information.

Insiders threats : current or former employees, business partners, contractors, or anyone who has access
to systems or networks in the past can be considered an insider threat if they abuse their access
permission.

DDos (distributed denial-of-service) : attack attempts to crash a server, website or network by

overloading it with tra c, usually from multiple coordinated systems.

Advanced persistent threats (APTs) : an intruder or group of intruders in ltrate a system and remain
undetected for an extended period. The intruder leaves networks and systems intact so that the intruder
can spy on business activity and steal sensitive data while avoiding the activation of defensive
countermeasures.

Man-in-the-middle : eavesdropping attack, where a cybercriminal intercepts and relays messages

between two parties in order to steal data.

Solutions

Identify and access management

Comprehensive data security platform

Security information and event management (SIEM)

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PRIVACY

From digital ethics

to digital regulations

to for-privacy digital technologies/governance

WORKFORCE DIVERSITY
SOME MOST DEMANDED DIGITAL JBS

Diversity and inclusion is

one of the biggest
chalenges facing the
tech industry today

When businesses
consist of people from
the same backgrounds,
they often leave diverses
ideas and perspectives
behind

A study has shown the 2

biggest barriers for
women in tech are : a
lack of mentors and a
lack of female role
models

DIGITAL INNOVATION AND INCLUSIVENESS

Innovation activities are unevenly distributed across geographic locations, industries, rms and
individuals.

Despite wider digital opportunities to access to knowledge and engage in collaborative research and
innovative at a distance, geographic disparities persist.

Dual economy situation : a small number of highly innovative and competitive rms coexist with a long
tail of non-innovative ones.

While disparities are inherent to innovation, high levels of inequality negatively a ect wellbeing and
weaken economic performance.
Digital innovation is also changing market dynamics and structures, often favorisant the rise of
« superstar » rms.

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