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  • Language & Basal Ganglia - S23

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    Mansoor Mughal
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    Language ability depends on specialized areas of the temporal and frontal cortex. The left hemisphere is dominant for language functions. The left temporal cortex is involved in speech sounds and meaning, while the left frontal cortex is involved in production of meaningful speech. The right hemisphere is involved in the emotional content and prosody of speech. Damage to language areas can cause aphasias, diminishing the ability to understand and produce language while sensory and motor skills remain intact. Broca's aphasia involves impaired speech production while Wernicke's aphasia affects comprehension. Conduction aphasia interrupts connections between language areas, impairing responses to heard communication despite intact understanding. The basal ganglia consist of four structures including the striatum

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    Language ability depends on specialized areas of the temporal and frontal cortex. The left hemisphere is dominant for language functions. The left temporal cortex is involved in speech sounds and meaning, while the left frontal cortex is involved in production of meaningful speech. The right hemisphere is involved in the emotional content and prosody of speech. Damage to language areas can cause aphasias, diminishing the ability to understand and produce language while sensory and motor skills remain intact. Broca's aphasia involves impaired speech production while Wernicke's aphasia affects comprehension. Conduction aphasia interrupts connections between language areas, impairing responses to heard communication despite intact understanding. The basal ganglia consist of four structures including the striatum

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    9 views23 pages

    Language & Basal Ganglia - S23

    Uploaded by

    Mansoor Mughal
    Language ability depends on specialized areas of the temporal and frontal cortex. The left hemisphere is dominant for language functions. The left temporal cortex is involved in speech sounds and meaning, while the left frontal cortex is involved in production of meaningful speech. The right hemisphere is involved in the emotional content and prosody of speech. Damage to language areas can cause aphasias, diminishing the ability to understand and produce language while sensory and motor skills remain intact. Broca's aphasia involves impaired speech production while Wernicke's aphasia affects comprehension. Conduction aphasia interrupts connections between language areas, impairing responses to heard communication despite intact understanding. The basal ganglia consist of four structures including the striatum

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    of 23

    Language

    Dr. Parikh
    Language ability

    depends on the integrity


    of specialized areas
    of the Temporal
    and Frontal
    Association Cortices
    Language is Localized and Lateralized

    Speech sound-Meaning
    - Left temporal cortex

    Production of meaningful
    Speech – left frontal cortex

    The emotional content of speech


    - right side
    Aphasias
    - diminish or loss of the ability to comprehend and/or to produce
    language

    • Compromised essential language functions

    • Intact sensory and motor infrastructure of verbal communication


    Broca’s aphasia - example
    Wernicke’s aphasia - example
    Conduction aphasia

    Interruption of the arcuate fasciculus connecting two language areas

    Inability to produce
    appropriate responses to
    heard communication,
    even though the
    communication
    is understood.
    Language Lateralization
    Language Lateralization
    The Role of the Right Hemisphere in Language

    - emotional and tonal components of language


    – prosodic elements

    “coloring of speech” – melody and rhythm of speech

    - Lesion  Aprosodias
    Basal Ganglia Dr. Parikh
    Basal Ganglia:
    Basal Ganglia:
    Four structures
    1) Striatum: Input zone
    Caudate nucleus
    Putamen
    Nucleus Accumbens
    Output zone
    2) Globus pallidus:
    Internal segment and External segment

    3) Substantia nigra: Pars compacta and pars reticulata

    4) Subthalamic nucleus
    Basal Ganglia:
    Segregated basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits
    Skeletomotor A region of
    Oculomotor cerebral
    Cortex
    Cognitive
    Emotional
    Basal Ganglia

    Thalamus
    Basal Ganglia:

    Skeletomotor Somatosensory areas also


    project to motor portions
    of the putamen
    Basal Ganglia:
    Frontal and
    Occulomotor Supplementary
    motor eye
    fields
    Superior
    - saccades Colliculus

    Caudate
    nucleus
    -

    Substantia
    nigra pars
    reticulata
    Basal Ganglia:

    Serves to release the


    Cortex from tonic
    Inhibition
    Basal Ganglia:

    Indirect pathway
    serves to modulate
    the disinhibitory
    actions of the
    direct pathway
    Diminished facial expression
    Reduced arm swinging during
    walking
    Difficulty to initiate movements
    Increased muscle tone
    Tremor at rest.
    Gait and balance abnormalities
    Undesired ballistic and
    Choreic (dancelike)
    movements

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