Energy Saving - Motion Activated Smart Fan Design and

Implementation
Jian Rong Fan, Muhammad Syafieq Abd Razak, Nur Amirah Mohamad Mohayadin, Wan Amir Fuad
Wajdi Othman*
School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang,
Malaysia

*
Corresponding E-mail: wafw_othman@usm.my

Abstract— Nowadays, the weather is getting hot and the global warming keeps increasing. There are many
factors that led to the global warming. One of the factors is air conditioning that produces CFC. Instead of
using air conditioning, using a fan is safer to our environment. Therefore, we created smart fan that can
overcome all those problems. Besides, our smart fan also can reduce the energy by lowering the power
consumption. There are two main features in our smart fan which includes able to sense the presence and
follow the user motion. Smart fan will turn on when it detects the presence of the user and it will follow
the user motion whether to the left or right. With the detection of user presence, it will help reduce the
energy usage and by following the user motion it will helps to focus on one user and reduce the
temperature around its user. In this work, we use two sensors for the main features. We use Ultrasonic
sensor to follow the user motion and IR sensor to detect the presence of the user. Smart fan has managed
to reduce energy by 11.47 % than the normal table fan.

Keywords— Mechatronic; smart fan; motion activated; Arduino

building lab to conduct smart control of energy

I. INTRODUCTION
This work focuses on the exploration of the
smart controlled fan, using the lab of intelligent
building, in order to achieve the objective of
energy saving. Although each country has
different definition about intelligent building, all
their basic objectives are about the same.
Intelligent building combines structure, system,
service and operation management to create the
most optimal combination and process for the
construction of highly efficient, excellent function
and comfortable buildings.
Therefore, intelligent building must be able to
satisfy users’ needs, control easily, save energy,
improve management effectiveness and clarify
information. This study focused on the role of
energy saving in intelligent building. In view of
this, our study tried to use established intelligent
saving on available fan in the space to explore the
future development and direction for intelligent
building by means of energy saving efficiency.
Most of the living rooms are not well arranged
with air conditioning. So, fan is the main way of
cooling down and is used in most of the houses.
But when it is desired to change the direction of
air flow, the fan doesn't have any automatic or
efficient feature. Conventional fans have usually
two options for directing air flow.
Firstly, fan is static, and we physically redirect it
to direct air flow in the desired direction. This
option is not user friendly because when one
wants to change the location in the room, he must
redirect the fan's air flow. The physical effort
which is required to redirect the airflow may be

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 International Journal of Engineering Creativity and Innovation, 2019, 1 (1), 24-32
difficult if the fan is heavy or the user is of elderly
age.
It may also require multiple attempts to redirect
the fan in the desired direction. So, we have
designed a circuit which will solve the above two
problems and make the use of fan more user
friendly by making the process smart. This fan is
only running when it detects people in a room, and
automatically follows the motion of humans to
give the best feeling of cooling.
With the rise in global warming and increasing
in the electrical usage, it is becoming essential to
find an alternative way to reduce the usage of the
electric. The aim of this work is to create a device
that eco-friendly and give benefits to our earth at
the same time save more energy. Smart fan can
reduce the usage of electric by control the on and
off device. The device will only operate when
there is a presence of human. This will cut the cost
for the electrical devices too. Nowadays, weather
in our country can be considered quite hot and the
temperature are also quite high. Therefore, with
the presence of this device hopefully it could
reduce the room temperature by following the
human motion.
Furthermore, a short brief introductory video of
this work has been uploaded to the YouTube with
the following link:
https://youtu.be/XX5XnSqZCoM.
II.RELATED WORKS
To be able to design a smart fan, we had done
research on related works which can be used in
our work. MagicByCalvin from Instructables [1]
had used 2 ultrasonic sensors and a servo motor to
produce a motion following robot. The motion of
servo motor was very fast and vigorous, and the
motion following only available to the moving
object, but not stationary object, where the
ultrasonic sonic sensors keep making the servo
motor move left and right simultaneously. There
was only motion following function without any
significant function [1].
AGU Robot Lab [2], published on 29 March
2014 (on YouTube), had used the VarSpeedServo
Arduino Library [3] to control the speed of servo
Available online: http://technical-journals.org/index.php/IJECI/
motor. They showed that the servo motor speed
can be adjusted with analog value between 1 and
255.
Robotix [4], published on 4 February 2015,
had used the IR sensor module to test as a switch
for an LED on Arduino. They showed that when
the IR sensor [5] had analog read the voltage less
than 500 (which in the range of 1 to 1024), the
LED will light up. The voltage reference can also
be adjusted from the potentiometer on the module.
III. MATERIALS & METHODOLOGY
All the aforementioned problems can be solved
by using a smart fan. In order to help the problems,
a concept of multifunctional fan can be applied to
the machine so that it can reduce the electricity
cost. Instead of using air conditioning in this high
temperature weather, fan can help to reduce the
global warming because it does not produce CFC
like air conditioning.
Therefore, it is helping in reducing the global
warming. It is also helping to reduce the energy by
following the user motion and detect the presence
of the user which reduce energy waste as the fan
only functions when there are people, which
solves the problem of forgetting to switch off the
fan.
In this work, we have used two PING)))
ultrasonic sensors as motion detector; Arduino
Uno as a microcontroller; one IR sensor as to
detect the presence of human in vicinity; a servo
motor to turn the fan to the right or left; and a DC
motor to rotate the fan.
Arduino microcontroller is a single-board
microcontroller meant to make the application
more accessible which are interactive objects and
its surroundings [6]. The hardware features with
an open-source hardware board designed around
an 8-bit Atmel AVR microcontroller or a 32-bit
Atmel ARM. Arduino is proven to be one of the
easiest to use microcontrollers. There are many
works had used Arduino in their design as
reported in literatures, such as robotics related
research [7-25], or just for mini-projects for
hobbyist [26-28].
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 International Journal of Engineering Creativity and Innovation, 2019, 1 (1), 24-32
Fig. 1 shows PING))) ultrasonic sensors [30]. It
is used as motion detector by placing both sensors
together side by side in an angle. This sensor
communicates with servo motor through Arduino
microcontroller and is important as it checks the
distance from it to an object on either in left or
right direction so that the fan can follow an object
motion to the left or right. An object is said
located on the left if the left ultrasonic sensor
measured less distance compared to the sensor on
the right, and vice versa. The Ping))) Ultrasonic
sensor, is a device that can be used with
microcontrollers like Arduino or BASIC Stamp to
measure distance between the sensor and other
objects [30].
(a) Front view
(b) Back view
Figure 1: PING)) Ultrasonic Sensor. [30]
One IR sensor is installed in the base of the
Smart Fan to detect the presence of a person in
front of it within 5 cm. In this work, the IR sensor
is said to be the “fan activator” as it senses any
object within the distance mentioned earlier. If the
IR sensor does not sense anything, a LOW signal
will not be sent to the Arduino microcontroller
hence, the fan is off i.e. the DC motor is inactive.
An IR sensor (Fig. 2) consists of an emitter,
detector and associated circuitry. The circuit
required to make an IR sensor consists of two
parts; the emitter circuit and the receiver circuit.
The emitter is simply an IR LED (Light Emitting
Diode) and the detector is simply an IR
photodiode which is sensitive to IR light of the
same wavelength as that emitted by the IR LED.
When IR light falls on the photodiode, its
resistance and correspondingly, its output voltage,
change in proportion to the magnitude of the IR
Available online: http://technical-journals.org/index.php/IJECI/
light received. This is the underlying principle of
working of the IR sensor. With the ability of
varying resistance in IR sensor, signal received by
the sensor can be toggle from HIGH to LOW or
from LOW to HIGH.
Figure 2: Infra-Red (IR) sensor used in this work
A servo motor is used to rotate the “fan tower”
to the right or to the left by communicating with
the ultrasonic sensors through Arduino
microcontroller. Fig. 3 shows the timing diagram
of servo motor for angles of 0°, +90° and -90°
with its respective pulse wave diagram. To turn a
servo motor into certain angle, a pulse width
modulation (PWM) signal had to send to the data
pin of servo motor. Each angle is represented by
the duty cycle of pulse width modulation [31]. The
0.7ms to 1ms PWM widths will make the servo
motor to turn clockwise (CW), the 1.7ms to 2ms
PWM width will make the servo motor to turn
counterclockwise (CCW). For the standard servo
the 1.5ms PWM width will turn the servo motor to
its center.
As previously stated, a brushed DC motor is
used to rotate the propeller, generating torque
from DC power supply by using an internal
mechanical commutation. Stationary permanent
magnets form the stator field. Torque is produced
by the principle that any current-carrying
conductor placed within an external magnetic field
experiences a force, known as Lorentz force [32].
In a motor, the magnitude of this Lorentz force,
and thus the output torque, is a function for rotor
angle, leading to a phenomenon known as torque
ripple. Since this is a single phase two-pole motor,
the commutator consists of a split ring, so that the
current reverses each half turn (180 degrees) [32].
Since the Arduino microcontroller supplies
small voltage to its output (5V) with small current,
motor driver was needed to drive the DC motor. A
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 International Journal of Engineering Creativity and Innovation, 2019, 1 (1), 24-32

Figure 3: Timing diagram of servo motor

motor driver is a little current amplifier; the
function of motor drivers is to take a low-current
control signal and then turn it into a higher-current
signal that can drive a motor [32-33]. In this work,
we have used L293D Motor Driver that works
with Arduino Uno like a charm.
Fig. 4 shows an illustrative diagram of
components and connection on breadboard;
however, it is not the final circuit connection. A
circuit was constructed as shown in Fig. 5. There
are 2 Ultrasonic sensors where the Signal (SIG)
pin of left ultrasonic sensor is connected to pin 11
at Arduino, while another right Ultrasonic sensor
SIG pin is connected to pin 13.
Figure 4: Illustrative figure of the components and
connection
Another sensor used is IR sensor which its
Signal pin is connected to pin A0 of Arduino Uno.
For the actuators, we use servo motor and DC
motor. The signal pin of servo motor is connected
to pin9 and a motor driver L293D is used to
control the DC motor as it used up more than 5V
for faster speed. Since we only make the fan turns
in one single direction, the input pin from motor
driver is connected to pin7 while another input pin
for motor is grounded. 2 LEDs are connected at
pin5 and pin6 respectively. An external power
supply is given to the motor driver pin8 to power
up the DC motor. The operating system of the
project is shows in Fig. 6 with block diagram
showing the mechanism and flow of the process in
this work.

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 International Journal of Engineering Creativity and Innovation, 2019, 1 (1), 24-32

Figure 5: Schematic Diagram of the system

Figure 6: Block diagram of the system

Fig. 7 shows the overall working flowchart for
the system. From the flowchart, it shows that Red
Indicator will light up for showing switched on. IR
sensor will first sense whether there was object in
the range of 5cm. If it sensed inside the range, fan
or DC motor will start turning and indicated by a
Green Led, else motor and led will turn off if more
than 5cm. For object following, left and right
ultrasonic sensors were used, with sensing range
of 10cm.
If left sensor sensed less than threshold distance
(10cm) and Right sensor sensed more than 10cm,
the servo motor will turn left by 2 degree,
indicating left side sensed nearer object. In the
other hand, if right sensor sensed less than 10cm
and left sensor sensed more than 10cm, the right
side now was sensing nearer compared to left side,
thus the servo motor will turn right by 2 degree.
Therefore, the left side and right side of ultrasonic
sensor will keep comparing which side sensed
nearer object and moved towards that direction,
making a motion following mechanism.
IV. RESULTS
Fig. 8 shows the prototype of in this work is
made from recycled materials: such as food casing
and cardboard, of course with DVD disc as the
propeller. The prototype is mainly to test the
working operation of mechatronics system
completes with sensors, actuators and
microcontroller. Therefore, the sensing region of
the sensors had been set to as short as possible to
enable stable sensing capability.
For energy saving comparison, we had chosen a
product sample from internet to compare its
energy consumption with our prototype. We had
chosen a mini electric fan with 2 lithium ion
batteries with total of 7.4V and rated power of 4W
which is shows in Fig. 9.

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 International Journal of Engineering Creativity and Innovation, 2019, 1 (1), 24-32

Figure 7: Flowchart of the system

Figure 8: Prototype of motion following smart fan Figure 9: Mini Electric Fan
for energy saving

Therefore, power consumed by the proposed

Energy consumption can be calculated using the system the following equation is used:
following equation:

To calculate the energy consumption of the

While for calculation of the power consumed by
the system, we had used 2 lithium ion batteries
with total voltage of 7.4V, and the rated current
for the DC motor we used was referred as 0.47A.
proposed system, using the same equation:
By assuming the fan is used for 12 hours per
day, from the calculation, it has shown that the

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 International Journal of Engineering Creativity and Innovation, 2019, 1 (1), 24-32
proposed motion activated smart fan can save
energy by 11.76% as compared to mini electric fan.
V.DISCUSSION
Upon constructing the smart fan, our team have
faced and solved some problems that would make
the smart fan works as intended. By analyzing and
troubleshooting all the components used in this
work, we had understood and able to deal with the
problems as follow:
A. Ultrasonic Sensors
Two ultrasonic sensors were attached on the
side of the fan tower below the fan and both
ultrasonic sensors were placed side by side with an
approximately exterior angle of 210°. The
ultrasonic sensors were used as a motion follower
by comparing the distance sensed on the right or
left. We had set the threshold region of sensing to
be 10 cm as the limitation of IR sensor we had set
5cm, which enables a stable sensing capability.
While one side sensed less than threshold distance
and another sensed more, the servo motor will turn
towards the nearer sensing region.
The problem we had faced was the vigorous
motion of servo motor as 2 ultrasonic sensors kept
comparing both sides in a very fast pace, making
the servo motor turned left and right
simultaneously. After some correction, we
discovered that the priority of motion in the
coding should be emphasized where all the
different conditions should be the interrupt so that
the program will straight jump into another
conditions function if another condition was met,
which meant using if function instead of if-else
function for all condition. This will make the
response faster.
B. IR Sensor
When there was no object nearby that the IR
sensor can detect, the resistance across the
transmitter of sensor will be lower and therefore
the voltage node at the transmitter pin will be
HIGH. This HIGH signal will be read by Arduino
microcontroller to indicate there are no person or
an object nearby. If there was object near to the IR
sensor, resistance across the transmitter will be
increased and therefore voltage node at the
transmitter pin will be LOW.
Available online: http://technical-journals.org/index.php/IJECI/
The LOW signal will also read by Arduino
microcontroller to indicate there are person or
object nearby. The IR sensor was set to detect
object effectively within 5 cm. If there was object
presence within 5 cm, the fan (DC motor) will turn
on. The maximum sensing distance available for
the IR sensor had been found out to be 16-18cm.
Thus, we had limited the sensing region to be 5cm
for stable sensing capability.
C. Servo motor
The servo motor can turn left or right with an
angle of 90°. However, the motion speed of the
servo motor initially was too vigorous and too fast
when we used Servo.h library in Arduino coding.
Thus, we have to make the motion slow by using
another library for servo motor which is
VarSpeedServo.h [5] library. This library enabled
us to control the speed of servo motor by adjusting
the analog write values from 0 to 255 that
represents digital 0 volt and 5 volts.
The speed of servo motor is directly
proportional to the voltage supplied by the
Arduino microcontroller. By considering Equation
below, Analog write = 51 × Desired voltage [31],
we can determine the value of analog write that
corresponds with desired voltage value to lower
the voltage supplied so that motion speed of the
servo motor become steadier. Note that the
maximum voltage that Arduino microcontroller
can supply is 5V.
D. DC motor and Motor Driver
It is not enough power to drive the DC motor
only 5V supplied by Arduino microcontroller. To
deal with this problem, we have incorporated a
motor driver L293D with external power from
lithium ion battery into pin 8 of the motor driver.
E. Energy Saving
From the result, it was clearly shown that there
was a power consumption difference between a
mini electric fan and our prototype smart fan. The
difference in daily energy usage was 0.02MJoules
which had saved about 11.67% of energy. This
had achieved our objective which was energy
saving.
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Even though the battery power was not forever
lasting, but it was rechargeable this made it eco-
friendly and waste reducing. The presence
detecting function could even save more energy as
it only ran when there was a person in front. This
prevented the waste of energy, not to mention the
motion following function will also reduce the
wasted energy by blowing at the user’s direction
all the time and not at the other place which was
happened on the normal electric fan without
sensor switch.
VI. CONCLUSION
Motion activated smart fan consists of some
important components such as IR sensor,
ultrasonic sensor, servo motor etc. Each
component performs its functional characteristics
and the components work dependently with each
other. For ultrasonic sensor, it was used as motion
detector while the servo motor turns right or left.
By combining these two components we can
appreciate and apply a motion follower
mechanism. IR sensors were used to check the
presence of object or person nearby within a
designated range so that it can be used as
automatic switch for the fan.
In conclusion, the Motion Activated Smart Fan
was successful built. This work has given us the
chance to come out with an innovation not just to
help save our world’s energy but also to help
people cut their electrical bills.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
All authors have disclosed no conflicts of
interest, and authors would like to thank the
Universiti Sains Malaysia for supported the work
by Research University Grant Scheme (Grant
number: 1001/PELECT/8014113).
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