Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Caraga Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
MADRID DISTRICT
Madrid,Surigao del Sur
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING

Pig and Carabao Manure Fertilizer for Pechay (Brassica rapa)

A Research Presented

To the Engineering And Science Education Program

Madrid National High School

Madrid, Surigao del Sur

__________________________________

Psyrel S. Plaza

Charice V. Sugian

Fiel Jacob Geringin

Aquil Uriarte

Shane Libot

Researchers
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Caraga Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
MADRID DISTRICT
Madrid,Surigao del Sur
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING
CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Context and Rationale

According to Xue Zhou et.al (2019) composting of fresh manure is an effective way

to inactivate pathogens and reduce the levels of antibiotics and some antibiotic resistance

genes (ARGs) prior to its application on agricultural land as organic fertilizer Some

ARGs, however, may still remain and even be enhanced after composting. In comparison

to compost supplement, transforming composted pig dung into biochar might minimize

the spread of ARGs into the soil. Pig dung provides all 13 basic elements that plants

require, including n itrogen. phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). People develop an

alternative fertilizer that they feel is safe for consumers because people believe fertilizers

from manufacturers employ various chemicals that may offer health hazards to consumers

or plants that they have been applied to. As a result,Baffes J conducted this study on pig

and carabao excrement as fertilizer for pechay plants (brassica plants). The researchers

picked pig and carabao excrement since these two types of manure were previously used

as fertilizer on some of the plants. The goal of this research was to determine whether

these two forms of manure might be utilized as an effective fertilizer for the pechay plant

(brassica plant). The application of carabao manure in petchay plant is to have a good

growth and it helps the petchay plant to be healthy and have a good growth of leaves have

a good and has a significant assistance to your plant since it supplies so many nutrients in

your plant that helps the plant to develop and be healthy. Carabao manure also provides

you with free fertilizer, eliminating the need to purchase hazardous fertilizer.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Caraga Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
MADRID DISTRICT
Madrid,Surigao del Sur
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING
Statement of the problem:

• What is the effect of the pig manure when applied to Pechay (Brassica Rapa) plant? In

terms of: A. Growth C length of the stem) B. Appearance (dark, green, medium green)

(light green) • What is the effect of the carabao manure when applied to pechay (Brassica

Rapa) plant? In terms of: A. Growth B. Appearance • What is the effect of the pig manure

when applied to Pechay (Brassica Rapa) plant? In terms of: A. Growth C length of the

stem) B. Appearance (dark, green, medium green) (light green) • What is the effect of the

carabao manure when applied to pechay (Brassica Rapa) plant? In terms of: A. Growth B.

Appearance.

PURPOSE. the purpose of this study is to find out which of the two, pig manure or

carabao manure, can speed up the growth of the pechay (Brassica Rapa) plant.

RELEVANCE. We conducted this research to know which among the two fertilizer

would make the pechay (Brassica Rapa) plant grow better and faster, is it pig manure or

carabao manure.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Caraga Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
MADRID DISTRICT
Madrid,Surigao del Sur
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING

Scope and limitations:

This study focuses on what is the effect of carabao manure and pig manure fertilizer

on pechay specifically on the number of leaves of the pechay(brassica rappa).

Definition of key terms:

Pig Manure- (PM) widely used as an organic fertilizer to increase yields of crops.Excessive

application of compost containing relatively great concentrations of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn)

can change soil quality.

Carabao Manure- the waste that has man benefits to human beings because it can be made

as fertilizer to plants.

Fertilizer- generally defined as "any material, organic or inorganic, natural or synthetic,

which supplies one or more of the chemical elements required for the plant growth.

Pechay-Chinese cabbage can refer to two cultivar groups of leaf vegetables often used in

Chinese cuisine: the Pekinensis Group and the Chinensis Group. These vegetables are both

variant cultivars or subspecies of the turnip and belong to the same genus as such Western

staples as cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower.

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Caraga Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
MADRID DISTRICT
Madrid,Surigao del Sur
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING

CHAPTER 2

Review of related literature and studies

Related literature

Foreign

The Philippines is extremely susceptible to the effects of climate change, including

rising sea levels, an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events, higher

temperatures, and more intense rains. This is a result of its extensive coasts, reliance on

climate-sensitive natural resources, and high susceptibility to natural hazards (cyclones,

landslides, floods, and droughts). In the Philippines, agriculture is the foundation of the

economy. The lowlands and uplands are where you can grow crops. One-third of the

population of the Philippines lives and works in the uplands, where there are about 24

million inhabitants who are dependent on the forest and its resources for their survival.

Extreme poverty affects a sizable portion of the population in these areas (World Bank

2002). Farming households use diversified farming methods and mixed crop-livestock

operations. Upland rice habitats in general feature weak infrastructure, infertile and acidic

soils, and heterogeneous landscapes. Most farmers are tenants; therefore, they have no

motivation to improve the land to prevent soil erosion (Paris et al. 2004). Poor women

work unpaid in the Philippines' diverse highland regions, producing small animals and

crops such rice, corn, root crops, bananas, and coconuts

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Caraga Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
MADRID DISTRICT
Madrid,Surigao del Sur
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING

(Rola-Rubzen 1997; Alcober 1986; Buenavista et al. 1994). They further make money by

working as farm laborers on other farms. In general, they have less access to financing,

extension assistance, inputs, and other resources important to agricultural development.

Increasing women's access to and control over important resources, such as small

animals, can make households and communities more resilient to climate change.Both

climate change consequences and adaptive capabilities vary depending on the place,

participatory community-based adaptation solutions are also essential. Despite the severe

difficulties they confront in guaranteeing food security during or after extended drought or

powerful typhoons, they continue to give their labor and decision making in agriculture.

Furthermore, because they are not often seen as farmers in traditional beliefs, poor women

have been overlooked in the needs assessment, planning, design, implementation, and

distribution of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) technologies and practices. According to

Jiangming Zhou the Agricultural Technique Popularization Centre of Jiangshan City,

Jiangshan, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China (2008) demonstrated the successful

composting of pig manure and edible fungal leftovers using implant bacillus to produce

high-quality organic fertilizer.

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Caraga Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
MADRID DISTRICT
Madrid,Surigao del Sur
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING

Local

Despite the global economic crisis, organic agriculture has grown significantly. It is now

seen as a viable alternative to conventional or 'chemical' agriculture, not just a niche market.

However, there are still doubts that it could be a viable alternative to feeding the world. The

reported organic area in the Philippines is only 52,500 hectares, but government support for

organic agriculture became more emphatic and accelerated in 2010 with the passage of the

"Organic Agriculture Act of 2010," or RA 10068, which provides for the country's

development and promotion. As an advisory body for science and technology policies and

issues, the National Academy of Science and Technology has since held discussions on the

status of organics agriculture in the Philippines. Organic pioneers and leaders in their

respective fields presented papers related to the issue of 'How Sustainable is Organic

Agriculture'. Organic practitioners provided relevant data on the income benefits of organic

agriculture in the case of rice and sugarcane, with yields comparable to conventional farming.

The need for more research and the assistance of the scientific community in improving

organic agriculture technologies, particularly in livestock and poultry, was also emphasized.

The health paper took a different approach, focusing on food safety concerns rather than

organic produce directly. However, organic agriculture is still far from reaching its full

potential. Given the lack of formal support throughout its supply chain, including input

supply, production, and R&D on seeds, nutrient, and pest management. As a result, a direct

comparison of organic agriculture to conventional farming does not appear to be valid.

Overall, it is generally accepted that sustainable farming is not only sustainable, but also both

economically and culturally sustainable.

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Caraga Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
MADRID DISTRICT
Madrid,Surigao del Sur
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Variables in the study

-An independent variable is the variable that the researchers will be applying to the dependent

variable. There will be three independent variables, the first will be the carabao manure

which will be used as fertilizer for the pechay(brassica plant), the second will be pig manure

which will also be used as fertilizer for the same plant, and the third is no fertilizer. These

three will be applied to the pechay(brassica plant) to see if it has any specific effects on the

said plant.

-The dependent variable is a variable whose value depends on that of another. The dependent

variable will be applied with other independent variables, this research will also have a

control variable. A control variable is the basis of the research, it will be used to differentiate

if carabao manure and/or pig manure will have any specific effects, compared to the control

variables which was not applied to the with the fertilizer.

Research Design

-It is not guaranteed that every plant will grow to the same height and width to be separated

into the control and experimental groups as it grows and the researcher needs to separate it,

the randomized complete block design (RCBD) is the research design. Because a researcher

does not really know how the plant will grow or if they all have the same quantity of
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Caraga Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
MADRID DISTRICT
Madrid,Surigao del Sur
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING
everything, RCBD is the most popular type of research design. The researcher can test our

research utilizing this form of design because it is simple and efficient because it uses rcbd.

PROCEDURE OF PLANTING

The process of planting seeds.

Step 1: the researchers took half a bag of soil to plant.

Step 2: the researchers divided the pot into five.

Step 3: the researchers filled the pots with soil

Step 3: the researchers put the pechay seedlings in the pots

Step 4: The pechays planted by the researchers and watered with a little water

The process in applying fertilizer

Step 1 : The researchers cooked the carabao manure to get rid of the worms.

Step 2: the researchers spread the pig manure in the sun to dry.

Step 3: after two weeks, the researchers put pig manure in five pots of pechay plants and

carabao manure in the other five pots of pechay plants.

Step 4: the researchers watered the pechay plant