Soziologie Offene Fragen:

1) The great transformation

The study is devoted to the political and social processes of the era of the formation and
development of capitalism. Polanyi argues that the market economy and the nation-state should not
be considered separately, but as a single phenomenon - a market society. Its rise destroyed the
traditional social order - for most of the history of mankind, economic activity was not separated
from social relations.
Author analysis social transition from feudal to Industrial. Country establishment with its
concentrated authority, unify one language, one time.
As a result of all this transformation was possibility for Massmarket and standardised products
appearance.
According to Polanyi, the utopian idea of a self-regulating market did not appear from human
nature or social development, but arose from the specific historical circumstances of the early 19th
century, in an attempt to explain the social ills of the industrial revolution.

2) Netwerk theorie

The concept of "social network" includes a certain circle of known each other people social
connections between these people. Unlike social structures, which represent tight established social
relations, social networks are among the flexible structures, that can manage small social
interactions. Scattered in the social space, social ties, uniting, gather into a powerful subjective
composition. A complex network is formed, covering the maximum number of individuals (for
example, network trading, telephone communications, the World Wide Web Internet, interactive
TV). In historical times, when there were no modern telecommunications, they were ordinary
networks of human relationships. These relationships bind not so much human personalities as
positions - it is a web of ideas, rules, actions and interests. Penetrating the social space with the
whole range of vertical and horizontal connections, social networks accumulate significant social
capital based on trust, mutual support, sympathy, preferences, and participation in common affairs.
It is social networks that make up the "living fabric" of social life and allow participants to interact
effectively to achieve common goals.

Само понятие «социальная сеть» включает некий круг знакомых человека и социальных
связей между этими людьми. В отличие от социальных структур, представляющих
достаточно жесткий «каркас» устоявшихся социальных отношений, социальные сети
относятся к числу гибких структур, или «мягких тканей», способных управлять малыми
социальными взаимодействиями. Рассыпанные в социальном пространстве социальные
связи, объединяясь, собираются в мощную субъектную композицию. Складывается сложная
сеть, охватывающая максимальное число индивидов (например, сетевая торговля,
телефонная связь, «всемирная паутина» Internet, интерактивное TV). В исторические
времена, когда отсутствовали современные телекоммуникации, они представляли собой
обычные сети человеческих взаимоотношений. Эти взаимосвязи связывают не столько
человеческие личности, сколько позиции — это сплетение идей, правил, действий и
интересов. Пронизывая социальное пространство всем спектром вертикальных и
горизонтальных связей, социальные сети аккумулируют значительный социальный капитал
на основе доверия, взаимной поддержки, симпатий, предпочтений, участия в общих делах.
Именно социальные сети составляют «живую ткань» общественной жизни и позволяют
участникам эффективно взаимодействовать для достижения общих целей.
3) Industrialsociety

Industrial-society appeared in as a result of industrialisation of production. We can observe

implementation of new technologies at factories. Manual labor is replaced with machines, the
market is emerging. We can see the growing importance of control unit. In the countries is being
created new social structures.
The main characteristics of industrial-society are:
- Division of labour. Appear narrow speciality.
- Development of transport and telecommunication networks.
- Growth of social mobility. People start to move from small villages to cities.
- Increase of people income that contribute people´s purchasing power.
The role of entrepreneur growth and it becomes as a dominant factor of production.
People start to use more nature resources that causes nature destruction and pollution
Women become a part of production. They are being more and more involved in it. Working class
becomes dominant.
Fast development of science gave as a lot of inventions that was made in time of industrial society.

4) Social actions Weber

Not all action is a social action. Weber determine social action as an action that related with its
meaning with behaviour of other subjects and orientated on them. There is no difference if the
action is relievers benefit or or damage to other people, if peolple know that we did this action of
no. Weber´s sociology appears as a research of action, that is being orientated on other´s behaviour.
If a person sees a man with a gun pointed on him/her by a man with an angry face, every person can
understand the meaning of a future actions and danger because we can put ourselves on that place.
We use analogy with ourselves to understand aims and motives.

5) Kapitalformen

We can distinguish the different forms of capital: Cultural, Social, Econimic capital and symbolical.
Cultural capital can be in form of cultural products: books, machines, paintings.
Symbolical capital is reputation, name, social status. This can be seen as «social credit» that give
society to you
Social capital exists in form of interpersonal relationships, belogning to the informal community,
circe of friends. The more you have social relationshops, the more capital social you have in your
disposition, that person can use.
Economic capital is persons income and property.
The amount of all this capital determine persons position in social field.

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