WEEK 2.

ELECTRIC CIRCUIT

PRESENTED BY:
JUAN CAMILO BRIÑEZ MONTEALEGRE

INSTRUCTOR:
JUAN CARLOS ROMERO POVEDA

SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE SENA

TECNICO EN AUTOMATISMOS INDUSTRIALES
FICHA 2263123
 UNIT 5
1 READ THE TEXT AND LABEL THE PICTURE WITH THE NAME OF EACH
PART.

An electric circuit or network is a

pathway through which the electric LAMP
current can flow. A simple circuit
consists of a power source, two
conducting wires, each one
attached to a terminal of the
source and a device through which SWITCH FUSE
electricity can flow. This device is
called a load and it's attached to
the wires. If all the parts are
properly connected, the current
flows and the lamp lights up. This
kind of circuit is called 'closed'.
On the contrary, if the wires are
disconnected the circuit is called
'open' or 'broken'. The circuit can
CONDUCTING WIRE
be opened and closed by a device
BATTERY
called a switch
Loads can turn electrical energy into a more useful form. Some examples are:
light bulbs, which change electrical energy into light energy; electric motors, which
change electrical energy into mechanical energy;
speakers, which change energy into sound.
The source provides the electrical energy used by the load. It can be a storage
battery or a generator. The switch interrupts the current delivered to the load by the
source and allows us to control the flow.
When an abnormally high amount of current passes through a network, you get a
short circuit. This may occur when there is a drop in the resistance or a broken
insulation. In order to prevent short circuits, it is best to use fuses, which melt when
too much current flows through them, interrupting in this way the circuit.
 2 MATCH THE WORDS WITH THEIR DEFINITIONS.

1 load A (2) a device which interrupts the circuit

2 switch B (6) la circuit in which wires are disconnected
3 source c (3) a device which provides power
4 fuse d (5) a complete circuit with no breaks at all
5 closed circuit e (1) a device which consumes electric power
6 broken circuit f (4) a protective device

3 READ THE TEXT AGAIN AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

1. What is a simple circuit?

consists of a power source, two conducting wires, each one attached to a terminal
of the source and a device through which electricity can flow.
2. What happens to the lamp in a closed circuit?
If all the parts are properly connected, the current flows and the lamp lights up.
3. Can you name some examples of loads?
light bulbs, speakers
4. What is a generator?
An electrical generator is any device capable of maintaining a difference in
electrical potential between two of its points, transforming mechanical energy into
electrical energy.
5. What is the function of a switch?
The switch interrupts the current delivered to the load by the source and allows us
to control the flow.
6. When does a short circuit occur?
When an abnormally high amount of current passes through a network, you get a
short circuit. This may occur when there is a drop in the resistance or a broken
insulation
7. What can we use to prevent short circuits?
In order to prevent short circuits
8. How does a fuse work?
which melt when too much current flows through them, interrupting in this way the
circuit.
 4 COMPLETE THE TEXTS WITH THE WORDS FROM THE BOX. SO LISTEN
AND REVIEW.

Current branch
Positive Amount
Appliances Burns out
Turn on path
Continue

The components of a circuit can be connected in two different ways:

series or parallel. If the components are arranged one
after the other to form a single Amount between the
terminals and the components, the circuit is known as
a series circuit. In this type of circuit, the Current flows
from the negative terminal to the Positive terminal,
passing through all the other components of the circuit.
This means that the branch energy that passes
through all components of the series is the same. The main disadvantage of a
series circuit is that when a single component on path burns out, the entire circuit
stops working (eg Christmas tree lights).

A parallel circuit consists of several paths that connect the

different components. Each separate path is called Path
of the circuit. The stream from the source splits and flows
through the different branches. Unlike series circuits, if one
of the components of the parallel circuit burns out, the other
paths Continue to operate. Parallel circuits are commonly
used to connect Appliances home, so that each plug can work independently. For
example, you do not need turn on the light in your room for the TV socket to work.

5 READ THE TEXT AND LOOK FOR SYNONYMS FOR THE FOLLOWING WORDS.

A fuse can be added to an electrical circuit to protect it from the effects of undue
power. This safety device, which is made of a heat sensitive alloy, is connected in
series with the circuit to be protected. If an excessive amount of current flows
through the circuit, the alloy will liquefy and open the circuit. A circuit breaker is
essential in a home to protect circuits from overloads, overheating, and short
circuits. The advantage of a circuit breaker is that it can be reset after an overload
by replacing the fuse. A professional electrician should always provide his clients
with a map of the home electrical circuit to facilitate work in the event of a
breakdown.
1 excessive: exaggerated
2 reacting at high temperatures: exothermic
3 to melt: untie
4 loading: operating
5 tight: suitable
6 clients: user
 GLOSARIO UNIT 5

1. Source: it is a hydraulic device made up of pipes, taps or water jets, and

one or more pylons, basins or ponds.
2. Undue: What should not be done because it is inconvenient, illegal or
unfair.
3. Pathway: Strip of land
4. breaker: An electrical device that automatically opens the passage of
electric current.
5. Should: Be required
6. Always: constant
7. Broken: hole
8. Speakers: Who makes a presentation on a specific topic before a group
of people gathered to discuss it together and draw conclusions.
9. Burns: injuries
10. Flows: Upward movement of the tide.
11. Overloads: Excess load.
12. Melt: Make a solid or pasty substance go into a liquid state by the action
of heat.
13. Replacing: Substitution of one person or thing for another.
14. Arranged: Who plans and develops their activities with order and
method
15. Through: adverbal locution
16. Splits: divide
17. Socket: horizontal wooden band with which the lower part of a wall is
adorned or protected.
18. Branches: That depends on another principal and performs the same
functions as this in another place.
19. below: In a place that is in a lower position than another.
20. Fuse: An electrical component made of a conductive material, usually
tin.
 CROSSWORD

KEY CLUE

1. Burns 1. Hurt a lot

2. Source 2. synonym of stream
3. Always 3. Antonimo of never
4. Arranged 4. When the house is messy, what do we
5. Breaker do?
5. electrical circuit when insulation failures
6. Broken occur in an equipment.
7. Replacing 6. synonyms of break-down
8. Fuse 7. Substitute for a person or thing.
9. Asplits 8. Element that carries a transformer
10. Flows 9. synonymous with separating
10. synonym of circular