Nama : Anisah Nur Zhafira

Nim : H051221021
Prodi : Statistika
 Types Of Communication
1. Communication expressed through oral and written is called …
a. Verbal communication
b. Non-verbal communication
c. Internal communication
d. External communication
Communication expressed through oral and written, for example, the use of
words.
2. The main difference between verbal and nonverbal communication is?
a. Verbal communication uses words and language to convey messages.
Meanwhile, nonverbal uses sign language to communicate.
b. Verbal communication uses gestures to convey messages. Meanwhile, nonverbal
uses facial expressions to communicate.
c. Verbal communication is sending and receiving messages without words.
Meanwhile, nonverbal is communication through speech.
d. In acts of communication, nonverbal language complements or complements verbal
language.
The main difference between verbal and nonverbal communication lies in the
way it is delivered. Verbal communication uses words and language to convey
messages. While non-verbal use sign language to communicate. Simply put,
verbal communication helps non-verbal people understand messages, and the use
of non-verbal communication can clarify even the most difficult
messages to understand.

 Element Of Communication
1. The sender of the message in the communication process is called …
a. Communicate
b. Communication
c. Communicator
d. Receiver
Communicator is the sender of the message in the communication process.
2. “Have some kind of information — a command, request, question, or idea — that he
or she wants to present to others”. The statement is a characteristic of the element?
a. The sender
b. The message
c. The receiver
d. Feedback
The communication process begins with the sender. The sender is the person
who shares and sends the message. The sender has some kind of information —
a command, request, question, or idea — that he or she wants to
present to others.
 Meaning Of Word
The invention of cars and other machines …
The underlined word means …
a. The procedure of making something
b. The way people think of something
c. The benefit of having something
d. The creation of something new
Invention is the creation of something new and has never been made or invented
before.

 Synonim
“… , he applauded the effort…” The underlined word is closest in meaning to …
a. Clapped hands
b. Appreciated
c. Encouraged
d. Objected

Literally, the word ‘applauded’ can mean ‘clapping hands’ or ‘clapped hands’, but in
the context of the sentence “…, he applauded the effort…”, the word ‘applauded’ is
figuratively meant to appreciate the effort or ‘appreciated the effort’ so the answer
choices are (B) is the most appropriate.

 Antonym
What is antonym of Arrive?
a. Go
b. Come
c. Advent
d. Depart
Depart is antonym of arrive.

 Part Of Speech
1. I haven’t finished my project because I am very busy. The underlined word is …
a. Adjective
b. Noun
c. Conjunction
d. Interjection
‘Because’ is a conjunction.
2. After taking a bath, let’s go to the campus. The underlined word is …
a. Verb
b. Pronoun
c. Adjective
d. Conjunction
‘Taking’ is a verb.
3. She drives very carefully because she has a traumatic car accident. The underlined
word is …
a. Verb
b. Adverb
c. Noun
d. Pronoun
‘Carefully’ is an adverb.
4. Dita is an amazing English teacher at school. The underlined word is …
a. Adjective
b. Verb
c. Preposition
d. Noun
“Dita” is a noun.
5. She brought her old car to the garage. The underlined word is …
a. Pronoun
b. Verb
c. Preposition
d. Adverb
“Her” is a pronoun.

 Past Simple Tense

My lecturer … me about material limits of algebraic functions last week.
a. Teaching
b. Teaches
c. Teach
d. Thaught
The correct answer is (D) “Thaught” which is the verb 2 because the adverb of
time in the sentence indicates as past event.

 Present Simple Tense

Look at the butterfly, It … beautiful colours.
a. Has
b. Had
c. Have
d. Having
The correct answer is (A), “has” is verb 1 + s, this provision is used because the
subject of the sentence is a single subject.

 Future Simple Tense

They will ... this project together.
a. Doing
b. Does
c. Do
d. Did
 The correct answer is (C) “Do” which is verb 1 because the sentence above is a simple
future tense.

 Reading Strategy Skimming

In the US, consumers spend around $700 million a year keeping their fabrics
soft. In the UK people spend £200 million a year on fabric softener. A giant
manufacturer even claims a massive 50 percent share of the market. Despite the
popularity, fabric softeners can be harmful to both the people who use them and the
marine life that ends up swimming in them.

Fabric softening surfactants can be derived from animals, plants or minerals,

as in the case of newer, silicone-based formulations. There is little difference between
the chemicals used in fabric softeners and those used in hair conditioners. Whatever
they are based on, all fabric softeners work in pretty much the same way, by
depositing these surfactants onto the fabric to make it feel softer, reduce static cling,
and impart a fresh fragrance.

Special fixatives in the mix of both standard and luxury conditioners mean that
the fragrance can last for days, permeating wardrobes and drawers. The regular off-
gassing of perfume chemicals from fabric softeners can be a significant trigger for
asthma and other breathing problems. In the US, chemically sensitive individuals
complain that, even after several washes, they cannot get the smell of fabric softeners
out of their washing machines and dryers.

If you are a fabric softener addict, there are now a number of companies that
provide alternative and ‘green’ fabric softeners. However, essentially, these are
unnecessary products that can trigger health problems and can interfere with the
functional aspect of some textiles. For instance, when used on towels and nappies,
some fabric softeners can reduce absorbency, which is why it’s generally
recommended that reusable nappies aren’t washed with them. Once they are washed
down the drain they can become highly toxic to aquatic life. Given this, maybe it’s
worth asking yourself whether the time has come to break the fabric softener habit
completely.

The word permeating  in the third paragraph is similar in meaning with ….

a. soaking
b. filling
c. charging
d. absorbing
 The question asks for a word that has the same meaning as the word
permeating.
The word permeating is in the third paragraph of the first sentence, which
means 'Special fixative in a mixture of standard and luxury conditioners which
means that the fragrance lasts for days, permeating cabinets and drawers'. If the
fragrance lasts a long time, it can be understood if the fragrance has filled or
seeped into cupboards and drawers. The word permeating means 'to permeate'
so a word with a similar meaning is filling. Thus, choice A is correct.

 Reading Strategy Scanning

In the US, consumers spend around $700 million a year keeping their fabrics
soft. In the UK people spend £200 million a year on fabric softener. A giant
manufacturer even claims a massive 50 percent share of the market. Despite the
popularity, fabric softeners can be harmful to both the people who use them and the
marine life that ends up swimming in them.

Fabric softening surfactants can be derived from animals, plants or minerals,

as in the case of newer, silicone-based formulations. There is little difference between
the chemicals used in fabric softeners and those used in hair conditioners. Whatever
they are based on, all fabric softeners work in pretty much the same way, by
depositing these surfactants onto the fabric to make it feel softer, reduce static cling,
and impart a fresh fragrance.

Special fixatives in the mix of both standard and luxury conditioners mean that
the fragrance can last for days, permeating wardrobes and drawers. The regular off-
gassing of perfume chemicals from fabric softeners can be a significant trigger for
asthma and other breathing problems. In the US, chemically sensitive individuals
complain that, even after several washes, they cannot get the smell of fabric softeners
out of their washing machines and dryers.

If you are a fabric softener addict, there are now a number of companies that
provide alternative and ‘green’ fabric softeners. However, essentially, these are
unnecessary products that can trigger health problems and can interfere with the
functional aspect of some textiles. For instance, when used on towels and nappies,
some fabric softeners can reduce absorbency, which is why it’s generally
recommended that reusable nappies aren’t washed with them. Once they are washed
down the drain they can become highly toxic to aquatic life. Given this, maybe it’s
worth asking yourself whether the time has come to break the fabric softener habit
completely.
 What does the passage mainly talk about?

a. The downside of fabric softener usage

b. The popularity of fabric softener in the US
c. Harmful compounds found in fabric softener
d. Controlling the habit of using fabric softener

From the text it can be understood that the main idea of the text is the negative
side of using fabric softener such as respiratory problems and potential damage
to marine life. Thus, choice A is correct.

 Topic

Read the text comprehensively!

When mothers eat three sizeable servings of fish each week during pregnancy,
it may benefit children’s brains for years to come, according to a large study in Spain.

Researchers followed nearly 2,000 mother-daughter pairs from the first

trimester of pregnancy to their child's fifth birthday and found improved brain
function in children whose mothers ate the most fish while pregnant, compared with
children of mothers who ate the least.

Even when women ate an average of 600 grams, or 21 ounces, of fish each
week during pregnancy, there was no sign that mercury or other pollutants associated
with fish had any negative effects that offset any real benefits. 

“Seafood is known to be an important source of essential nutrients for brain

development, but at the same time accumulates mercury from the environment, which
is known to be neurotoxic," lead author Jordi Julvez, of the Research Center in 10
Environmental Epidemiology in Barcelona, said in an email.

In an attempt to balance the potential harm of these pollutants with the general
health benefits of fish, the US Food and Drug Administration's 2014 guidelines
encourage pregnant women to eat fish, but no more than 12 ounces per week.

The European Food Safety Authority recently issued a scientific opinion

endorsing of 150 to 600 g of fish weekly during pregnancy, Julvez and colleagues
note in the American Journal of Epidemiology. 

However, the research team writes, the effects of maternal consumption of 15

fish during development are still not well understood and further research could help
provide clearer guidance to pregnant women.

The researchers analyzed data from the Spanish Childhood and Environment
Project, a large population study that recruited women in the first trimester of their
pregnancy, in four Spanish provinces, between 2004 and 2008.
 On average, the women had consumed 500 g, or three servings, of seafood per
week while pregnant.  But with every additional 10 g per week above that amount,
children’s test scores improved.

The link between higher maternal consumption and better brain development
in children was especially apparent when kids were five.

What is the topic of the passage?

a. Research on fish consumption by pregnant women.

b. The effect of fish consumption on children's growth and development.
c. Effects of pregnant women consuming fish on their children's brains.
d. Comparison between brain development and fish consumption.

The essence of the discussion of the text above is a study that examines the
relationship of giving fish by pregnant women to children’s brain development.

 Paragraph

Read the paragraph carefully!

American archeologist Harriet Boyd Hawes excavated the ancient Greek town
of Gournia at around the same time the palatial site of Phaistos was excavated, in the
early 1900s.

She is credited not only for her attention to a “common” rather than a palatial
site, but also for her attention to artifacts that shed light on the day-to-day culture of
the Minoans rather than just on their gold and lavish architecture.

Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the passage?

a. Gournia is more representative of Minoan society than Phaistos.

b. Gold and lavish architecture help to shed light on day-to-day Minoan culture.
c. The work of Harriet Boyd Hawes contributes to our knowledge of standard
Minoan living. 
d. Most archeologists would rather excavate a palatial site than a common
site.

The conclusion that best fits the paragraph is answer choice D, namely Harriet
Boyd’s discovery which contributed to our knowledge of standard Minoan life.

 Main Idea
The railroad was not the first institution to impose regularity on society or to
draw attention to the importance of precise timekeeping.
For as long as merchants have set out their wares at daybreak and communal
festivities have been celebrated, people have been in rough agreement with their
neighbors as to the time of day.
The value of this tradition is today more apparent than ever. Were it not for
public acceptance of a single yardstick of time, social life would be unbearably
 chaotic: the massive daily transfers of goods, services, and information would proceed
in fits and starts; the very fabric of modern society would begin to unravel.
What is the main idea of the passage?
a. In modern society we must take more time for our neighbors.
b. The traditions of society are timeless.
c. An accepted way of measuring time is essential for the smooth functioning of
society.
d. Society judges people by the times at which they conduct certain activities.

The article above discusses how chaotic everyday life can be if there is no
consensus on a mutually agreed measurement of time, as stated in answer (C).

 Making Inference
Alfred Bernhard Nobel, a Swedish chemist, invented dynamite. As a young
man, Nobel experimented with nitroglycerin in his father’s factory. He hoped to make
this dangerous substance into a safe and useful explosive, but accidents occurred
when it was put on the market. For this reason, people considered Nobel a public
enemy, until in 1867 when he succeeded in making his explosives safe to be handled
and shipped. Nobel named his invention dynamite. He set up factories throughout the
world, and within a few years, he became one of the world’s richest men.
Later, he hated the fact that dynamite could be used in war. invented it for
peace but it caused so much death and injury. So in 1900, Nobel set up The Nobel
Foundation to manage assets intended to award annual prizes for the most effective
work in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, international peace promotion, as
stated in his will. The prizes were first presented in 1901, 5 years after Alfred Nobel’s
death.
What can be inferred about the way Nobel worked?
a. He was very careless
b. He was persistent in his experiments
c. He showed irresponsibility
d. He was helpful

The answer is B because in all the contents of the text it explains how Alfred's
experiments began and ended. A, C, and D are options that cannot be made into
conclusions because this does not describe the entire contents of the text as a whole
from beginning to end, it only describes one by one the facts that occur in the text.