Exercise 3.

Q1. 3x – 2y = 7

2x + 4y = 10

3 -2 7 R1

2 4 10 R2

Required

1 0 V1

0 1 V2

So Step 1

For R1 = 1/3 R1

1 -2/3 7/3 R1

2 4 10 R2

For R2 = 2R1 – R2

1 -2/3 7/3

0 16/3 16/3 New R2

Step 2

For R2 = 3/16R2

1 -2/3 7/3

0 1 1

For R1 = Multiply New R2 with 2/3, then R1 + R2

1 0 3

0 1 1

x = 3, y = 1

Question # 02

2x + 4y = -16

X – 2y = 16

2 4 -16

1 -2 16

Step 1
For R1 = ½ R1

1 2 8

1 -2 16

For R2 = R1 – R2

1 2 8

0 4 -8

Step 2

For R2 = ¼ R2

1 2 8

0 1 -2

For R1 = R2 X 2, then R1 – R2

1 0 -4

0 1 -2

X = -2, y = -2
Question # 03

-2x + 5 y = 40

3x – 2y = -5

-2 5 40

3 -2 -5

Step 1

For R1 = -1/2 R1

1 -5/2 20

3 -2 -5

For R2 = R1 X 3, then R1 – R2

1 -5/2 20

0 -11/2 -55

Step 2

For R2 = -2/11R2

1 -5/2 20
0 1 10

For R1 = R2 X 5/2, Then Add R1 + R2

1 0 5

0 1 10

x = 5, y = 10

QUESTION # 04

5x – 2y = -12

-3x + y = 7

5 -2 -12

-3 1 7

Step 1

For R1 = 1/5 R1

1 -2/5 -12/5 New R1

-3 1 7
For R2 = R1 X 3, then R1 + R2, So

1 -2/5 -12/5

0 -1/5 -1/5

Step 2

For R2 = -5R2

1 -2/5 -12/5

0 1 1 New R2

For R1 = New R2 X 2/5, Then R1 + R2

1 0 -2

0 1 1

x = -2, y = 1

QUESTION # 05

- x + 2y = 4

5x – 10y = -20

-1 2 4

5 -10 -20
Step 1

For R1 = - R1

1 -2 -4

5 -10 -20

For R2 = 5R1, then R1 – R2

1 -2 -4

0 0 0

Infinity, many solutions y arbitrary

x = 2y – 4

Question # 06

6x – 8y = 14

-3x + 4y = -7

6 -8 14

-3 4 -7

Step 1
For R1 = 1/6 R1

1 -4 / 3 7/3

-3 4 -7

For R2 = R1 X 3, then R1 + R2

1 -4 / 3 7/3

0 0 0

Infinity, many solutions, y arbitrary

x = -4/3y + 7/3

Question # 07

24x – 15 y = 30

-8x + 5y = 20

24 -15 30

-8 5 20

Step 1

For R1 = 1/24R1
1 -5/8 5/4

-8 5 20

For R2 = R1 X 8, then R1 + R2

1 -5/8 5/4

0 0 10

No Solution

Question # 08

-x + 2y = -1

5x - 10y = 6

-1 2 -1

5 -10 6

Step 1

For R1 = -1R1

1 -2 1

5 -10 6

For R2 = 5R1, then R1 – R2

1 -2 1

0 0 -5

No Solution

Question # 09

5x – 3y = 17

-2x + 5y = -22

5 -3 17

-2 5 -22

Step 1

For R1 = 1/5R1

1 -3/5 17/5 RN

-2 5 -22

For R2 = RN X 2, then R2 + R1

1 -3/5 17/5

0 19/5 -76/5

Step 2
For R2 = 5/19R2

1 -3/5 17/5

0 1 -4

For R1 = R2 X 3/5, then R2 + R1

1 0 1

0 1 -4

X = 1, y = - 4

QUESTION # 10

4x – y = 11

3x + 5y = - 9

4 -1 11

3 5 -9

Step 1

For R1 = ¼ R1

1 -1/4 11/4 RN
3 5 -9

For R2 = RN X 3, Then R1 – R2

1 -1/4 11/4

0 -23/4 69/4

Step 2

For R2 = -4/23 R2

1 -1/4 11/4

0 1 -3

For R1 = ¼ R2, Then R1 + R2

1 0 7/2

0 1 -3

X = 7/2, Y = -3
QUESTION # 11

- x + 2y = - 8

3x – 6y = 24

-1 2 -8

3 -6 24

Step 1

For R1 = -1R1

1 -2 8

3 -6 24

For R2 = R1 X 3, then R1 – R2

1 -2 8

0 0 0

Infinity, many solutions, y arbitary and

x = 2y + 8
QUESTION 12

8x – 6y = 24

-4x + 3y = 10

8 -6 24

-4 3 10

Step 1

For R1 = 1/8 R1

1 -3/4 3

-4 3 10

For R2 = R1 X 4, then R1 + R2

1 -3/4 3

0 0 32

No solutions
Question 13

8x – 3y = 6

3x + 5y = -10

8 -3 6

3 5 -10

Step 1

For R1 = 1/8 R1

1 -3/8 3/4

3 5 -10

For R2 = R1 X 3, Then R1 – R2

1 -3/8 3/4

0 -49/8 49/4

Step 2

For R2 = Then -8 / 49 R2

1 -3/8 3/4

0 -1 -2
For R1 = R2 X 3/8, then R2 + R1

1 0 0

0 -1 -2

X=0,y=-2

QUESTION 14

5x – 2y = 19

x + 3y = -3

5 -2 19

1 3 -3

Step 1

For R1 = 1/5 R1

1 -2/5 19/5

1 3 -3

For R2 = R1 – R2
1 -2/5 19/5

0 - 17/5 34/5

Step 2

For R2 = -5/17 R2

1 -2/5 19/5

0 -1 -2

For R1 = R2 x 2/15, then R1 + R2

1 0 3

0 -1 -2

X = 3, y = -2

QUESTION 15

12x – 6y = 21

-4x + 2y = -7

12 -6 21

-4 2 -7
Step 1

For R1 = 1/12 R1

1 -1/2 7/4

-4 2 -7

For R2 = R1 X 4, then R2 + R1

1 -1/2 7/4

O 3/2 0

Infinity, many solutions, y arbitary and

X = ½ y + 7/4

QUESTION 16

2x – 4y = 8

-1 + 2y = 10

2 -4 8

-1 2 10

Step 1 = For R1 = ½ R1
1 -2 4

-1 2 10

For R2 = R2 + R1

1 -2 4

0 0 14

No Solution

QUESTION 17

x-y=0

3x + 4y = -21

1 -1 0

3 4 -21

Step 1

For R2 = R1 X 3, then R2 – R1

1 -1 0

0 7 -21

Step 2
For R2 = 1/7 R2

1 -1 0

0 1 -3

For R1 = R2 + R1

1 0 -3

0 1 -3

x = -3, y = -3

QUESTION 18

x – 5y = 8

3x + y = -8

1 -5 8

3 1 -8

Step 1

For R2 = R1 X 3, then R2 – R1

1 -5 8
0 16 16

Step 2

For R2 = 1/16R2

1 -5 8

0 1 1

For R1 = R2 X 5, then R1 + R2

1 0 13

0 1 1

x = 13, y = 1

QUESTION 19

3x – 5y = 9

x + 2y = -4

3 -5 9

1 2 -4

Step 1
For R1 = 1/3R1

1 -5/3 3

1 2 -4

For R2 = R2 – R1

1 -5/3 3

0 11/3 -7

Step 2

For R2 = 3/11 R2

1 -5/3 3

0 1 -21/11

For R1 = R2 X 5/3, Then R2 + R1, so

1 0 -2/11

0 1 -21/11

x = -2/11 , y = -21/11
QUESTION 20

12x + 20y = 8

-3x -5y = 2

12 20 8

-3 -5 2

Step 1

For R1 = 1/12 R1

1 5/3 2/3

-3 -5 2

For R2 = R1 X 3, then R1 + R2

1 5/3 2/3

0 0 4

Infinity, many solutions, y arbitary and 3x = 5y + 2

 EXERCISE 3.3
Question 1:

Solution:

Step # 1

Now by row operation: R~ R₁+ R₃,-1R₂/5, -1R₁,R₂+2R₃ and R₃-R₁

Step # 2

By row operation: R~ R₂- R₃

Hence the answer:

No Solution

Question 2:

Solution:

Step # 1

Now by row operation: R~ R₂- R₁ and R₃-4R₁

Step # 2

By row operation: R~ R₂/ (-4), R~R₁-R₂ and R~ R₃+6R₂

Step # 3

Now by row operation: R~ -2R₃/13,R₂+1/4R₃, -1R₁, and R₁-5R₃/4

Hence the answer:

X₁=2, X₂=-1, X₃=1

Question 3:

Solution:

Step # 1

Now by row operation: R~ R₂-3R₁,R₂/4 and R₃-2R₁

Step # 2
By row operation: R~ R₁+R₂and R~ R₃ -3R₂

Step # 3

Now by row operation: R~ R₃/4 and R₂+R₃, -1R₁

Hence the answer:

X₁=5, X₂=10, X₃=0

Question 4:

Solution:

Step # 1

Now by row operation: R~ R₁/4, R₂-R₁ and R₃-R₁

Hence the answer:

No Solution

Question 5:

Solution:
Step # 1

Now by row operation: R~ R₂+-2R₁ and R₃+3R₁

Step # 2

By row operation: R~ R₃+4R₂, R~R₃/9,R~R₂-R₃ and R~R₂/2

Step # 3

Now by row operation: R~ R₁+3R₂, and R₁-R₃

Hence the answer:

X₁=-1, X₂=0, X₃=3

Question 6:

Solution:

Step # 1

Now by row operation: R~ R₂-3R₁ and R₃- R₁

Step # 2

By row operation: R~ R₂/ (-4), R~R₁-R₂ and R~ R₃-R₁

Step # 3

Now by row operation: R~ 7R₃/4,R₂-1/4R₃, -1R₁, and R₁-3R₃/4

Hence the answer:

X₁=2, X₂=1, X₃=-3

Question 7:

Solution:

Step # 1

Now by row operation: R~ R₂-2R₁ and R₃-3R₁

Step # 2

By row operation: R~ R₂/ (-3), R~R₁-R₂ and R~ R₃+5R₂

Step # 3

Now by row operation: R~ -3R₃/11,R₂+1/3R₃, and R₁-4R₃/3

Hence the answer:

X₁=4, X₂=-2, X₃=1

Question 8:

Solution:

Step # 1

Now by row operation: R~ R₁/2,R₂-3R₁ and R₃+R₁

Hence the answer:

No Solution

Question 9:

Solution:
Step # 1

Now by row operation: R~ R₁+ 2R₃,R₂-3R₁ and R₃+2R₁

Step # 2

By row operation: R~ R₃+R₂

Hence the answer:

Infinite Solution

Question 10:

Solution:

Step # 1

Now by row operation: R~ R₁(-1) and R₂-3R₁

Hence the answer:

No Solution

Question 11:

Solution:

Step # 1

Now by row operation: R~ R₁+ R₃, R₂-3R₃ and R₃-R₁

Step # 2

By row operation: R~ R₂+3R₃,R₃+R₂, and R₂(-1)

Step # 3

Now by row operation: R~ R₃/11,R₂+7R₃, and R₁+3R₃

Hence the answer:

X₁=3, X₂=1, X₃=2

Question 12:

Solution:
Step # 1

Now by row operation: R~ R₁-3 R₂, R₂-R₁ and R₃-2R₁

Step # 2

By row operation: R~ R₂-R₃,R₁+R₂, and R₃-R₂

Step # 3

Now by row operation: R~ R₃/17,R₂+4R₃, and R₁+12R₃

Hence the answer:

X₁=1, X₂=2, X₃=-1

Question 13:

Solution:

Step # 1
Now by row operation: R~ R₁/10and R₂/ (-2)

By row operation: R~ R₂-3R₃ and R₃-2R₁

Hence the answer:

No Solution

Question 14:

Solution:

Step # 1

Now by row operation: R~ R₂+ 3R₁ and R₃+4R₁

Step # 2

By row operation: R~ R₂/(-2),R₁+R₂, and R₃+2R₂

Hence the answer:

Infinite Solution

Question 15:

Solution:

Step # 1

Now by row operation: R~ R₂+ R₁

Hence the answer:

Infinite Solution

Question 16:

Solution:

Step # 1

Now by row operation: R~ R₁+R₂ and R~R₂+ R₁

Hence the answer:

No Solution
Question 17:

Solution:

Step # 1

Now by row operation: R~ R₁/8 and R~ R₂+R₁

Hence the answer:

No Solution

Question 18:

Solution:

Step # 1

Now by row operation: R~

Hence the answer:

No Solution

Question 19:

Solution:

Step # 1
Now by row operation: R~ R₂/8 and R~ R₃+R₁

Hence the answer:

Infinite Solution

Question 20:

Solution:

Step # 1

Now by row operation: R~ R₂/4 and R~ R₂+R₁

Hence the answer:

No Solution
 Exercise 3.4
Question 1: A company produces three products, each of which must be three departments. Table 3.4
summarizes the labor hours required per unit of each product in each department. The monthly labour
hour capacities for three departments are 1800, 1450 and 1900 hours respectively. Determine whether
there is a combination of three products which could be produced monthly so as to consume the full
monthly labour availabilities of all departments.

Department Product 1 Product 2 Product 3

A 3 2 5
B 4 1 3
C 2 4 1
Solution:
3x1+ 2x2 +5x3 =1800
4x1+x2+3x3 =1450
2x1+4x2+x3 = 1900

Now by row operation: R~ R₁ - R₃, R~ R₂ - 4R₁ and R~ R₃ - 2R₁

By row operation: R~ R₂/9

And then apply R~ R₁ + 2R₂ and R~ R₃ - 8R₂

Lastly by row operation: R~ 9R₃/41

And then apply R~ R₂ + 13R₃/9 and R~ R₁ - 18R₃/9

Hence the answer:

X₁ = 200, X₂ = 350, X₃ = 100

Question 2: A Company produced three products, each of which must be processed through
three different departments. Table 3.5 summarizes the hours required per unit of each product in cash
department. Monthly labour hour capacities for the three departments are 1600, 800 and 1800 hours
respectively. Determine wether there is combination of three products which could b produce monthly
to consume all of the labour hours in each department
Department Product 1 Product 2 Product 3
A 4 5 2
B 3 2 3
C 1 4 2

Solution:
4x1+ 5x2 +2x3 =1600
3x1+2x2+3x3 =800
x1+4x2+2x3 = 1800

Step # 1

Now by row operation: R~ R₁ - R₂

And then apply R~ R₃ - R₁, R~ R₂ - 3R₁

Step # 2
By row operation: R~ -R₂/7;
And then apply R~ R₁ - 3R₂ and R~ R₃ - R₂

Step # 3

Lastly by row operation: R~ 7R₃/27;

And then apply R~R₂ -6R₃/7 and R~ R₁ - 11R₃/7

Hence the answer: X₁ = -200, X₂ = 400, X₃ = 200

Question 3:
A company produces three products each of which mustg be prcessed through one department.
Table 3.6 summarizes the labour hours and raw material requirement of each product . Each month
there are 1500 labour hours and 3800 pounds of the raw material. If combined the monthly production
for the three products should equal 500 units, determine wether there are any combination of the three
product which would exhaust the monthly availabilities of labour and raw material and meet the
production goal of 500 units.

Department Product 1 Product 2 Product 3

A 3 2 4
B 10 8 6

Solution:
x1+ x2 +x3 =500
10x1+8x2+6x3 =3800
3x1+2x2+4x3 = 1500
Step # 1

Now by row operation: R~ R₂ - 10R₁ and R~ R₃ - 3R₁

Step # 2

By row operation: R~ -R₂/2;

And then apply R~ R₁ - R₂ and R~ R₃ + R₂

Step # 3

Lastly by row operation: R~ R₃/3;

And then apply R~R₂ -2R₃ and R~ R₁ + R₃

Hence the answer:

X₁ = 100, X₂ = 200, X₃ = 200

Question 4:
A company produces 3 products, each of which must be processed through 1 department. Table
3.7 summarizes the labor hour and raw material requirement of each product. Each month there
are 1300 labor hours and 4700 pounds of raw material available. I f combine monthly production
for the three products should equal 300 units, determine whether there are any combination of
the three products which would exhaust the monthly availabilities of labor and raw material and
meet the production goal of 400 units.

Solution:
3x1+ 2x2 +5x3 =1800
4x1+x2+3x3 =1450
2x1+4x2+x3 = 1900

Step # 1

Now by row operation: R~ R₁ - 4R₃, R~ R₂ - 15R₃ and R~ R₃ - R₁

Step # 2

By row operation: R~ R₂/ (-5)

And then apply R~ R₁ + 2R₂ and R~ R₃ - 3R₂

Step # 3

Lastly by row operation: R~ -5R₃/4

And then apply R~R₂ -3R₃/5 and R~ R₁ - 6R₃/5

Hence the answer:

X₁ = 100, X₂ = 200, X₃ = 100

Question 5:
A blending process is to combine three components in such a way as to create a final blend of
60000 gallons. The three components cost $ 2.00, $ 1.50 and $ 1.25 per gallon respectively.
Total cost of 3 components should equal $90000. Another requirement on the blending is that the
number of gallons used of component 1 should twice the amount used of component three.
Determine whether there is a combination of three components which will lead to a final blend of
60000 gallons costing $90000 and satisfying the blending restriction.

Solution:
2x1+ 1.5x2 +1.25x3 =90,000
x1+x2+x3 =60,000
x1-2x3 = 0

Step # 1:

Now by row operation: R~ R₁ - R₂, R~ R₂ - R₃ and R~ R₃ - R₁

Step # 2:

By row operation: R~ R₁-0.5 R₂ and R~ R₃ +0.5R₂

Step # 3:

Lastly by row operation: R~ R₃/ (-0.75) and then apply R~R₁ + 1.25R₃

Hence the answer:

X₁ = 0, X₂ = 60,000, X₃ = 0

Question 6:
An investor has $ 500,000 to spend. Three investments are being considered, each having an
expected annual interest rate. The interest rate are 15,10 and 18 percent respectively. The
investor goal is an average return of 15% in the three investments. Because of the high return on
investment alternatives 3, the investor wants the amount in this alternative to equal 40% of the
total investment. Determine whether there is meaningful investment strategy which will satisfy
these requirements.

Solution:
x1+ x2 +x3 =500,000
0.15x1+0.10x2+0.18x3 =75,000
x3 = 200,000

Step # 1

Now by row operation: R~ R₂ - 0.15R₁

Step # 2

By row operation: R~ R₂/ (-0.05) and then apply R~ R₁ - R₂

Step # 3

Lastly by row operation: R~ R₂+0.6R₃ and R~R₁ -1.6R₃

Hence the answer:

X₁ = 180,000, X₂ = 120,000, X₃ = 200,000

Question 7:
Diet mix problems: A dietision is planning a menu for the eveningat the university dinning hall.
Three items, each having different nutritional content, will be serve. The goal is that the
nutritional content of the meal meet with the minimum daily levels for 3 different vitamins.
Table 3.8 summarizes the vitamin content per ounce of each food. I n edition, the minimum daily
requirement of the three vitamins are indicated. Determine the number of ounces of each food to
be included in the meal such that minimum daily requirement levels are meet for the vitamin.

Vitamin MDR Food 1 Food 2 Food 3

1 29 5 3 2
2 20 2 1 3
3 21 1 5 2

Solution:
5x1+ 3x2 +2x3 =29
2x1+x2+3x3 =20
x1+5x2+2x3 = 32

Step # 1

Now by row operation: R~ R₁-2R₂, R~R₂-2R₁and R~R₃-R₁

Step # 2

By row operation: R~ R₂/ (-1),

And then apply R~ R₁- R₂ and R~ R₃- 4R₂

Step # 3

By row operation: R~ R₃/50

And then apply R~ R₂- 11R₃ and R~ R₁- 7R₃

Hence the answer: X₁=3, X₂=2, X₃=4

Question 8:

Bacteria Culture: A bacteria culture contain three type if bacteria. Each type requires certain amounts of
carbon, phosphate and nitrogen to survive. A daily requirement is shown in table 3.9. Each day a culture
is supplied with 100,000 units of a carbon source. 135, 000 units of a phosphate source and 230,000
units of a nitrogen source. Determine how many units of each type of bacteria can be supported in the
culture

Bateria Type Carbon units/ day Phosphate units/day Nitrogen units/day

A 2 4 3
B 3 1 5
C 6 2 8

Solution:
2x1+ 3x2 +6x3 =100,000
4x1+x2+2x3 =135,000
3x1+5x2+8x3 = 230,000

Step # 1

Now by row operation: R~ R₁/2

And then apply R~ R₃ - 3R₁, R~ R₂ - 4R₁

Step # 2

By row operation: R~ -R₂/5;

And then apply R~ R₁ - 1.5R₂ and R~ R₃ - 0.5R₂

Step # 3
Lastly by row operation: R~ -R₃/2;

And then apply R~R₂ -2R₃

Hence the answer: X₁ = 30500, X₂ = 86500, X₃ = -36750

Chapter No. 4

MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS

Definitions:
Function:

A function is a mathematical rule that assigns to each input value one and one output value.

Domain:

Domain of a function is the set consisting of all possible input values.

Range:

The range of a function is the set of all possible output values.

Mapping:

The assigning of output value to corresponding input values is often referred to as a mapping.

The notation; f: x → y

Restricted domain:

The application which further restricts the domain of a function. We can say minimum input to
maximum input.

Restricted Range :

The application which further restricts the range of a function. We can say minimum output to
maximum output.

Multivariate Function:

Functions which contain more than one independent variable are called multivariate function.

Types of Function:

Constant Functions:

A constant function has a general form.

y = f(x) = ao where ao is real.

Linear functions:

A linear function has the general (slope-Intercept) form.

y= f(x) = a1x + ao

Quadratic Function:

A quadratic function has the general form

y= f(x) = a2x2 +a1x +ao

Cubic function:

A cubic function has the general form;

y= f(x) =a3x3+ a2x2+ a1x + ao

Rational Function:

A rational function has the general form;

y= f(x) = g (x)

h (x)

Polynomial function :

A polynomial function of degree n has the general form.

y= f(x) = anxn+ an-1xn-1+………a1x +ao

Combination of Functions:

Functions may be combined algebraically to form a resultant function if

f(x)= 3x-5 g(x)= x2-2x+1 h(x)=x3 and j(x)= ½ x4

These functions can be combined in certain ways to form new functions. The following are
examples of sum, difference, product and Quotient function:

1. P(x)= f(x) + g(x)= (3x-5) + (x2-2x+1)= x2 +x -4 (Sum function)

2. q(x)= h(x) – j(x)= x3-½x4 (Difference function)
3. r(x)= f(x)h(x)= (3x-5)x3 = 3x4-5x3 (Product function)
4. s(x)= h(x)/j(x)= x3/ (1/2x4)= x3(2x4/1)= 2x3

Composite function:

A composite function exists when one function can be viewed as a function of the value of
another function. If y= g(u) and u= h(x), the composite function
y= f(x)= g((x)), is created by substituting h(x) into the function g(x) wherever u appears.

EXERCISE NO. 4.1

 Determine f(0) , f(-2) and f(a+b)

1- Q = f(x) =5x-10

f(o) =5(0) – 10
=-10

f(-2)=5(-2) – 10

=-10 -10

=-20

f(a+b)=5(a+b) – 10

=5a + 5b -10

2- Q f(x) =3x + 5

f(0) =3(0) + 5

=5

f nm(-2)=3(-2) + 5

=-6 + 5

=-1

f(a+b)=3(a+b) + 5

=3a + 3b + 5

3- Q f(x) = -x + 4

f(0) = -(0) + 4

=4

f(-2) = -(-2) + 4

=6

f(a+b)= -(a+b) + 4

= -a-b+4
4- Q f(x) = -x /2

f(0) = -(0) /2

=0

f(-2)=-2 /2

= -1

f(a+b) = -(a+b) /2

= -a-b /2

5-Q f(x) =mx + b

f(0) =m(0) + b

=b

f(-2)= m(-2) + b

= -2m + b

f(a+b)= m(a+b) + b

= ma + mb + b

6- Q f(x) = mx

f(0) = m(0)

=0

f(-2)= m(-2)

= -2m

f(a+b)= m(a+b)

= ma + mb

7- Q f(x) = x2 -9

f(0)= (0)2-9= -9

f(-2)= (-2)2-9= 4-9= -5

f(a+b)= (a+b)2-9= a2+2ab+b2-9

8- Q f(x) = -x2+2x,

f(0)= -(0)2+2(0)=0

f(-2)= -(-2)2+2(-2)=-4-4= -8

f(a+b)= -(a+b)2+2(a+b)=-a2-2ab-b2+2a+2b

9- Q f (t) = t2+t-5

f(0) = (0)2+ 0-5= -5

f(-2) = (-2)2+(-2)-5=4-2-5= -3

f (a+b) = (a+b)2+ (a+b)-5

= a2+2ab+b2+a+b-5

10- Q f (r) = tr2-ur+v

f (0)= t(0)2- 4(0)+v= v

f (-2)= t(-2)2-u(-2)+v= - 4t+2u+v

f (a+b)= t (a+b)2- u(a+b)+v

=t (a2+2ab+b2) –ua-ub+v

11- Q f (u) = u3-10

f(0)= (0)3- 10= -10

f(-2)= (-2)3 -10 = -8-10= -18

f(a+b)= (a+b)3 -10

=(a+b)(a+b)2-10

= a+b(a2+2ab+b2)-10

= a3+2a2b2+a2b+ab2+2ab2+b3-10

= a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3-10

12- Q f (u) = -2u3+5u

f(0)= -2(0) + 5(0)

=0
f(-2)= -2(-2)3+5(-2)

= -2(-8) -10= 16-10=6

f (a+b) = -2(a+b)3 + 5(a+b)

= -2(a+b) (a+b)2 +5a+5b

= -2a-2b (a2+2ab+b2) +5a+5b

= -2a3- 4a2b-2ab2-2a2b-4ab2-2b3+5a+5b

= -2a3- 6a2b-6ab2-2b3+5a+5b

13- Q f(x) = n4

f(0)= (0)4= 0

f(-2)= (-2)4 = 16

f(a+b) = (a+b)4

14- Q f(t)= 100

f(t)= 100+0x

f(0)= 100+0(0)

= 100

f(-2)= 100+0(-2)

= 100

f(a+b)= 100+ 0(a+b)

=100

15- Q f(x) = x3-2x+4

f(0)= (0)3-2(0)+4=4

f(-2)= (-2)3-2(-2)+4= -8+4+4=0

f(a+b)= (a+b)3 -2(a+b) +4

= (a+b)(a+b)2 -2a-2b+4

= (a+b)(a2 +2ab+ b2 ) -2a-2b+4

 =a3+2a2b+ab2+a2b+2ab2+b3-2a-2b+4

= a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3-2a-2b+4

16- Q f(x)= 25 – x2/2

f(0)= 25 - (0)2/2

= 25

f(-2)= 25 - (-2)2/2

= 25 – 4/2

= 25-2

= 23

f(a+b)= 25 – (a+b)/2

= 25- (a2+2ab+b2)/2

= 25- a2-2ab-b2/2

Determine the domain of the function.

17- Q f (x) = −10

Domain {x/x is real number}

18- Q f (x) = 25

Domain {x/x is real number}

19- Q f (x) = 5x – 10

Domain {x/x is real number}

20- Q f (x) = −x +3

=−x+3≥o

= − x ≥ − 3 and x ≥ 3

= Domain {x/x ≥ 3}

21- Q f (x) = mx + b

Domain {x/x is real number}

22- Q f (x) = − ax

Domain {x/x is real number}

= 23- Q f (x) = 25 – x2

= 25 – x2 ≥ o

= -x2 ≥ − 25 , and x ≤ 5

= Domain { x/x ≤5}

24- Q f (x) = −4

= −4≥0

= ≥ 4 and x≤2

= Domain {x/x ≤ 2}

25- Q f (x) =

= x+4 ≥ o

=x≥−4

= Domain {x/x ≥ − 4}

26- Q f (x) =

= − 2x + 25 ≥ o

= − 2x ≥ − 25

= − x ≥ − 25/ 2

= x ≥ 12.5

= Domain { x/x ≥ 12.5}

27- Q f (t) =

=−t−8≥o
=−t≥8

=t≤8

= Domain {x/x ≤ 8}

28- Q f (t) =

= 9 − t2 ≥ 0

= − t2 ≥ -9

=t≤3

= Domain {t/t ≤ 3}

29- Q f (r) =

= r2 + 9 ≥ o

= r2 ≥ − 9 and r ≤ − 3

= Domain { r/r ≤ −3}

30- Q f (t) =

= 25 – r2 ≥ 0

= - r2 ≥ − 25

= r2 ≤ 25

=r≤5

= Domain { r/r ≤ 5}

31-Q f (x) = 10/(4 − x)

=4−x≠0

= − x ≠ v 4 and x ≠ 4

= Domain { x/x ≠ 4}

32- Q f (x) = (x − 4) (x2 – 6x – 16)

= x2 – 6x – 16 ≠ o

= x2 − 8x + 2x – 16 ≠ o

= x (x − 8) + 2(x – 8) ≠ o

= (x + 2) ( x – 8) ≠ o

=x≠−2,x≠8

= Domain {x/x ≠ − 2 or x ≠ 8}

33- Q f (µ) = (3µ – 5)/ (-µ2 + 2µ +5)

= - µ2 +2µ +5 ≠ 0

= a = -1, b= 2, c= 5

= µ= -

= µ= − 1.45 or µ= 3.34

= Domian { µ/ µ ≠ − 1.45}

34- Q f (t) = (-3t3 +5t2 + 10t)

= − t – 10 ≥ 0

= − t ≥ 10

= t ≤ − 10

= Domain {t/t ≤ − 10}

35- Q f (x) = / (x3 + 2x2 – 15x)

= 2.5x – 20 ≥ 0 and x3 + 2x2 − 15x ≠ 0

= 2.5x ≥ 20 x (x2 + 2x – 15) ≠ o

=x≥8 x2 + 5x – 3x – 15 ≠ 0

= (x + 5) (x – 3) ≠ o

= x+5≠o, x−3≠o

= x≠−5, x≠3

= Domain { x/x ≠ − 5 or x ≠ 3}

36- Q h (v) = / (v5 – 81v)

= 10 – v/3 ≥ o and v5 – 81v

= o – v/3 ≥ -10 v (v4 – 81) ≠ o

= v/3 ≤ 30 v (v – 3)

= v ≠ o, v ≠ 3

= Domain {v/v ≤ 30}

37- Q f(x) =

= h3 + h2 – 6h ≠ o and h2 – 4 ≥ o

= h (h + h – 6) ≠ 0 h2 ≥ 4

= h( h + 3) (h – 2) ≠ o h ≥ 2 or h ≤ -2

= h ≠ 2 or h ≠ − 3 , or h ≠ 2

= Domain { h/h ≥ 2 or h ≤ − 2 and h ≠ − 3}

38- Q f (x) =

= x2 – x – 6 ≥ o

= x2 − 3x + 2x − 6 ≥ o

= x(x – 3) 2(x – 3) ≥ o

= x +2 ≥ o , x – 3≥ o

= x ≥ − 2, x≥3
= Domain {x/x ≥ − 2 or x ≥ 3}

39- Q f (x) =

= x2 + 8x + 15 ≥ o

= (x + 5) ( x + 3 ) ≥ o

= either x + 5 ≥ o and x + 3 ≥ o

= x≥−5 and x ≥ − 3

= Domain {x/x ≥ − 3 or x ≤ − 5}

40- Q h (r) =

= r2 – 16 ≥ 0

= r2 ≥ 16

=r≥4

= Domain {r/r ≥ 4}

41- Q The function C (x) = 15x + 80,000 expresses the total cost C(x) in dollars of
manufacturing x units of a product. If the maximum number of units which can be produced
equals 50,000, state the restricted domain and the range for this cost function.

C (x) = 15x + 80,000

C (50,000) = 15(50,000) + 80,000

C (50,000) = 750,000 + 80,000

C (50,000) = 830,000

Restricted Domain { 0 ≤ x≤ 50,000}

Restricted Range {80,000≤C≤830,000}

42- Q Demand function The function q= f (p) = 280,000 – 35p is a demand function which
expresses the quantity demand of a product q as a function of price charged for the product p,
stated in dollars. Determine the restricted domain and range for this function.

q= f (p) = 280,000 – 35p

0= 280,000-35p
35p= 280,000

p= 280,000/35

p= 8,000

Restricted Domain {0 ≤ p ≤ 8,000}

Restricted Range {0 ≤ q ≤ 280,000}

43- Q Demand function The function q = f (p) = 180,000 – 30p is a demand function which
expresses the quantity demand of a product q as a function of price charged for the product p,
stated in dollars. Determine the restricted domain and range for this function.

q = f (p) = 180,000 – 30p

0= 180,000 – 30p

30p = 180,000

p = 180,000/30

p= 6,000

Restricted Domain {0 ≤ p ≤ 6,000}

Restricted Range {0 ≤ q ≤ 180,000}

44- Q insurance Premium An insurance company has a simplified method for determining the
annual premium for a term life insurance policy. A flat annual fee of $150 is charged for all
policies plus $2.50 for each thousand dollars of the amount of the policy. For example a $20,000
policy would cost $150 for the fixed fee and $50 which corresponds the face value of the policy.
If p is equal to annual premium in dollars and x equals the face value of policy stated in dollars,
determine the function which can be used to compute the annual premiums.

p= f(x) = 150 + 2.50x

45- Q In exercise 44, assume that the smallest policy which will be used is $10,000 policy and
the largest is $50,000 policy. Determine the restricted domain and range for this function found
in exercise 44.

p= f(x) = f (10,000) = 150 + 2.50 (10) => 2.50 for each 1,000

p= f (10,000) = 150 + 25 = $175

p= f (50,000) = 150 + 2.50(50)

p= f (50,000) = 150 + 125 = $250

Restricted Domain {10,000 ≤ x ≤ 50,000}

Restricted Range {175 ≤ p ≤ 275}

46- Q The local electric company uses the following method for computing monthly electric bills
for one class of customers. A monthly service charge of $5 assessed for each customer. In
addition, the company charges $0.095 per kilowatt hour. If C equals the monthly charge stated in
dollars and k equals the number of kilowatt hours used during a month.

a) Determine the function which expresses a customer’s monthly charge as a function of the
number of kilowatt hours.

b) Use this function to compute the monthly charge for a customer who uses 850 kilowatt.

Ans =

a) c = f (k) = 5 + 0.095k

b) c = f (k) = 5 + 0.095(850)

c = f (k) = 5 + 80.75 = $85.75

47- Q Referring to exercise 46, assumes that the method for computing customer bills applies
for customers who uses between 200 and 1,500 kilowatt hours per month. Determine the
restricted domain and range for the function in that exercise.

c = f (k) = 5 + 0.095k

c = f (200) = 5 + 0.095(200)

c = f (200) = 5 + 19 = $24

c = f (1,500) = 5 + 0.095(1,500)

c = f (1,500) = 5 + 142.5 = $147.5

Restricted Domain {200 ≤ k ≤ 1,500}

Restricted Range {24 ≤ c ≤ 147.5}

48- Q Auto leasing A car rental agency leases automobiles at a rate of $15 per day plus $0.08
per mile driven. If y equals the cost in dollars of renting a car for one day and x equals the
number of miles driven in one day.

a) Determine the function y= f(x) which expresses the daily cost of renting a car.

b) What is f (300)? What does f (300) represents?

 c) Comment on restricted domain of this function.

Ans =

a) y = f (x) = 15 + 0.08x

b) f (300) = 15 + 0.08(300)

f (300) = 15 + 24 = $39

It represents that for 300 miles, the amount of rent will be $39

c) Restricted Domain {0≤ x ≤ 300}

49- Q In manufacturing a product, a firm incurs costs of two types. Fixed annual costs of
$250,000 are incurred regardless of the number of units produced. In addition, each unit
produced costs the firm $6. If C equals total annual cost in dollars and x equals the number of
units produced during a year.

a) Determine the function C= f(x) which expresses annual cost.

b) What is f (200,000)? What does f (200,000) represents?

c) State the restricted domain and restricted range of the function if maximum
production capacity is 300,000 units per year.

Ans =

a) C = f (x) = 250,000 + 6x

b) f (200,000) = 250,000 + 6(200,000)

f (200,000) = 250,000 + 1,200,000 = $1,450,000

It represents that if company produce 200,000 units then annual cost will be $1,450,000.

c) f (300,000) = 250,000 + 6(300,000)

f (300,000) = 250,000 + 1,800,000 = $2,050,000

Restricted Domain {200,000 ≤ x ≤ 300,000}

Restricted Range {1,450,000 ≤ C ≤ 2,050,000}

50- Q Wage Incentive Plan A producer of a perishable product offers a wage incentive to
drivers of its trucks. A standard delivery takes an average of 20 hours. Drivers are paid at the rate
of $10 per hour up to a maximum of 20 hours. This is an incentive to drivers to make the trip in
less (but not too much less) than 20 hours. For each under 20, the hourly wage increased by
$2.50. (The $2.50 per hour increased in wages supplies for fraction of hours. That is, if a trip
takes 19.5 hours then hourly wage increased by 0.5 × $2.50, or $1.25). Determine the function
w= f (n), where w equals the hourly wage rate in dollars and n equals the number of hours to
complete the trip.

Ans =

w = f (n) = 10 + 2.50 (20 – n)

51- Q Membership Drive: A small health club is trying to stimulate new memberships. For a
limited time, normal annual fee of $300 per year will be reduced to $ 200. As an additional
incentive, for each new member in excess of 60, the annual charge for each new member will be
reduced by $2. Determine the function p=f(n), where p equals the membership fee for new
members and n equals the number of new members.

p = f (n) = 200 => if n ≤ 60

p = f (n) = 200 – 2 (n-2) => if n > 60

52- Q Given f(x,y) = x2-6xy+ 2y2, determine (a) f(0,0), (b) f(-1,2), and (c) f(5,10).

f (x,y) = x2 – 6xy – 2y2

a) f (0,0) = (0)2 – 6(0)(0) – 2(0)2 = 0

b) f (-1,2) = (-1)2 – 6 (-1)(2) – 2(2)2

= 1 + 6 + 8 = 15

c) f (5,10) = (5)2 – 6(5)(10) – 2(10)2

=25 – 300 – 200 = - 475

53- Q Given g(u,v)= 2u2+5uv+v2, determine (a) g(0,0), (b)

g(-5,2), (c) g(5,10) & (d) g (x,y).

g (u, v) = 2u2 + 5uv + v3

a) g (0,0) = 2 (0)2 + 5 ( 0)(0) + (0)3 = 0

b) g (-5, 2) = 2 (-5)2 + 5 (-5)(2) + (5)3 = 50 – 50 + 125000 = 125,000

c) g (5, 10) = 2 (5)2 + 5 (5)(10) + (10)3

 =50 + 250 + 1,000 = 1,300

d) g (x,y) = 2x2 + 5xy + y3

54- Q Given v(h,g)= h2/g- 5hg+g2+10, determine (a) v(0,0), (b)

v(4,2), & (c) v (-2, -5).

v (h, g) = h2/2 – 5hg + g2 + 10

a) v (0,0) = 02/2 – 5(0)(0) + 02 + 10 = 10

b) v (4, 2) = 42/2 – 5(4)(2) + 22 + 10 = 16/2 – 40 + 4 + 10 = -18

c) v (-2, -5) = (-2)2/2 – 5(-2)(-5) + (-5)2 + 10 = 4/2 -50 +25+10 = -13

55- Q Given f(x1,x2,x3)=(x1-x2+2x3)2 , determine (a) f(1,1,1), (b) f(2,3, -1), and (c) f(2,0,-4).

f (x1, x2, x3) = (x1 – x2 + 2x3)3

a) f (1,1,1) = (1 – 1 + 2(1))2 = 4

b) f (2, 3, -1) = (2 – 3 + 2(-1))2 = 9

c) f (2, 0, -4) = (2 -0 + 2(-4))2 = 36

56-Q Given f(x1,x2,x3)=x31+2x12x2-3x2x3-10,determine

(a) f(0,2,-3), (b) f(-2,1, 5), and (c) f(3,0,-5).

f (x1, x2, x3) = x13 + 2x12x2 – 3x2x3 – 10

a) f (0, 2, -3) = 03 + 2(0)2(2) - 3(2)(-3) -10 = 8

b) f (-2, 1, 5) = (-2)3 + 2(-2)2(1) – 3(1)(5) -10 = -25

c) f (3, 0, 5) = (3)3 + 2(3)2(0) - 3(0)(5) -10 = 17

57-Q Given f(x1,x2,x3,x4)=2x1x2-5x2x4+x1x2x3,determine

(a) f(0,1,0,1) and (b) f(2,1, 2,-3).

f (x1, x2, x3, x4) = 2x1x2 – 5x2x4 + x1x3x4

a) f (0, 1, 0, 1) = 2(0)(1) – 5(1)(1) + (0)(0)(1) = -5

b) f (2, 1, 2, -3) = 2(2)(1) – 5 (1)(-3) + (2)(2)(-3) = 7

58- Q Given f(a,b,c,d)= 4ab-a2bd+2c2d, determine (a) f(1,2,3,4) and (b) f(2,0,1,5).
f (a, b, c) = 4ab – a2bd + 2c2d

a) f (1, 2, 3,4) = 4 (1)(2) – (1)2(2)(4) + 2 (3)2(4) = 8 – 8 + 72 = 72

b) f (2, 0, 1, 5) = 4 (2)2(0) – (2)2(0)(5) + 2(1)2(5) = 0 + 0 + 10 = 10

59-Q Given f(x1,x2,x3,x4)=x1x2-5x3x4,determine

(a) f(0,10,4,-5) , (b) f(2,2,2,2), and (c) f(a,b,c,d).

f (x1, x2, x3, x4) = x1x2 – 5x3x4

a) f (1, 10, 4, -5) = (1)(10) – 5(4)(-5) = 10 + 100 = 110

b) f ( 2, 2, 2, 2) = (2)(2) – 5 (2)(2) = 4 – 20 = -16

c) f (a, b, c, d) = ab – 5cd

60- Q A company estimates that the number of units it sells each year is a function of the
expenditure on radio and TV advertising. The specific function is

Z= f(x,y)=20,000x+40,000y-20x2-30y2-10xy

Where z equals the number of units sold annually, x equals the amount spent for TV advertising
and y equals the amount spent for radio advertising (both in thousands of dollars).

a) Determine the expected annual sales if $50,000 is spent on TV advertising

and $ 20,000 is spent on radio advertising.
b) What are expected sales if $ 80,000 and $100,000 are spent respectively?

ANS=

z = f (x,y) = 20,000x + 40,000y – 20x2 – 30y2 – 10xy

a) z = f (50,000, 20,000) = 20,000(50,000) + 40,000(20,000) – 20(50,000) 2- 30(20,000)2 –

10(50,000)(20,000) = 1,000,000,000 + 800,000,000 - 50,000,000,000 – 12,000,000,000 -
10,000,000,000 = -70,200,000,000

b) f (80,000, 100,000) = 20,000(80,000) + 40,000(100,000) – 20(80,000)2 – 30(100,000)2 –

10(80,000)(100,000) = 1,600,000,000 + 4,000,000,000 + 128,000,000,000 –
300,000,000,000 – 80,000,000,000 = -5092,000,000,000
61- Q Pricing Model A manufacturer sells two related products, the demand for which is
characterized by the following two demand functions:

q1= f1 (p1,p2)= 250-4p1-p2

q2= f2 (p1,p2)= 200-p1-3p2

Where pj equals the price (in dollars) of product j and qj equals the demand (in thousands of
units) for product j.

a) How many units are expected to be demanded of each product if $ 20/unit is

charged for product 1 and $ 40 is charged for product 2.
b) How many units are expected if the unit prices are $40 &
$ 30, respectively?
ANS=

q1 = f1 (p1, p2) = 250 – 4p2 – p1

q2 = f2(p1, p1) = 200 – p1 – 3p2

a) p1 = $20 and p2 = $40

Then q1 will be

q1 = f1 (20, 40) = 250 – 4 (20) – 40 = $130

q2 = f2 (20, 40) = 200 – 20 – 3(40) = $60

b) If p1 = $40 and p2 = $30

Then q1 will be

q1= f1 (40, 30) = 250 – 4(40) – 30 = $60

q2 = f2 (40, 30) = 200 – 40 – 3(30) = $70

62- Q Family Shelter a woman’s resource centre which provides housing for women and
children who come from abusive homes is undertaking a grass root fund raising effort within the
community. One component of the campaign is the sale of two types of candy bars. The profit
from the candy is $ 0.50 & $ 0.75 per bar, respectively for the two types. The supplier of the
candy has offered an incentive if the total number of candy bars sold exceeds 2,000. For each bar
over 2,000, an additional $ 0.25 will be earned by the centre. Determine the function P=f(x 1,x2),
where P equals the total profit in dollars and x j equals the number of bars sold of type j. if 750 &
900 bars , respectively, are sold what is profit expected to equal? If 1500 & 2250, respectively
are sold?
ANS=

P = f (x1, x2) = 0.5x1 + 0.75x2 + 0.25(n - 2,000)

x1 = 750 and x2 = 900

p = f (x1, x2) = 0.5 (750) + 0.75 (900) => as total did not increased to 2,000 so no extra
bonus will be gained.

P = 375 + 675 = $1,050

x1 = 1,500 and x2 = 2,250 then

p = f (x1, x2) = 0.5 (1,500) + 0.75 (2,250) + 0.25(3,750 – 2,000) = 750+1687.5+437.5= $2,875

63- Q A salesperson is paid a base weekly salary and earns a commission on each unit sold of
three different products. The base salary is $60 and the commission per unit sold are $2.50, $4.00
& $3 respectively. If S equals the salesperson weekly salary and x equals the number of units
sold of product j during a given week determine the salary function S= f(x 1,x2,x3). What weekly
salary would e earned if the salesperson sells 20,35 & 15 units respectively of the three products?

ANS=

S = f (x1, x2, x3) = 60 + 2.50x1 + 4.00x2 + 3.00x3

If x1 = 20, x2 = 35, x3 = 15 then

S = 60 + 2.5(20) + 4.00(35) + 3.00(15) = $295

64- Q In the previous exercise, assume that the salesperson can earn a bonus if a combined sale
for the three products exceeds 50 units for the week. The bonus equals $25 plus $1.25 additional
commission for all units sold in excess of 50. Determine the weekly salary functions S=f(x 1, x2,
x3). What salary would be earned for the 20, 35 and 15 units sold in the previous exercise?

ANS=

S = f (x1, x2, x3) = 25 + 1.25(x1 + x2 + x3 – 50)

If x1 = 20, x2 = 35, x3 = 15 then

S = 25 + 1.25(20 + 35 + 15 -50) = $50

EXERCISE NO: 4.2

Question 1-24 Classify (if possible) each function by type (Constant, linear, Quadratic,
Cubic, Polynomial, Rational)

Q. NO 1. f(x) = 2x ( Not possible because power of x is not given)

Q. NO 2. f(x) = -24 (Constant Function)
Q. NO 3. f(x) =(x-5)/2 ( Linear Function) because x/2 - 5/2 or 1/2 X -2.5
Q. NO 4. f(x) =x2-25 (Quadratic Function)
Q. NO 5. f(x) = 2x0 (Constant Function ) because x0 =1
Q. NO 6. f(x) = x + 2x - 100 ( Polynomial Function ) because power of variable is 5,
5 3

greater than 2 or 3.
Q. NO 7. f(x) = 10 - x/4 ( Linear Function ) because write it in the form - 1/4 x + 10
Q. NO 8. f(x) = 10/x (Rational Function)
Q. NO 9. f(x) = log10 x ( not possible) because the power of x is not given.
Q. NO 10. f(x) =(x4 -5x2) /(x6 + 5) ( Rational Function)
Q. NO 11. g(h) = -25/h5 ( Rational Function)
Q. NO 12. h(s) = 3-4s + s2 - s3/4 ( Rational Function)
Q. NO 13. v(t) = x2/√ x3 ( Can not possible)
Q. NO 14. f(u) = (5u-3)0/4 ( Constant Function)
Q. NO 15. f(n) = 50/(4)3 (Constant Function)
Q. NO 16. g(h) = √100/(5)2 (Constant Function)
Q. NO 17. f(x) = 10x ( not possible )
Q. NO 18. f(x) = x16/ x (Rational Function)
Q. NO 19. f(t) = t (36-t ) (Rational Function)
5 8

Q. NO 20. f(x) = 32x ( not possible)

Q. NO 21. f(x) = log10 (x+5) (not possible)
Q. NO 22. v (h) = log e h ( not possible)
Q. NO 23. f(x) = [(x-9)0] 3 ( constant Function)
Q. NO 24. f(x) = [(x+4)5]0 ( constant Function)

Q. NO 28. Total profit from planting xj acres at farm j is expressed by the function.

P(x1, x2, x3) = 500x1 + 650x2 + 450x3 – 300,000

a) What is total profit if 200 acres are planted at farm 1,250 acres at farm 2, and 150 acres at
farm 3?
b) What is the total profit if 500, 300 and 700 acres are planted, respectively, at the three farms?
c) Identify one combination of planting which would result in profit equaling zero.

ANS=
Given function P( x1,x2,x3) = 500x1 + 650x2+450x3-300,000
suppose form 1 = x1
form 2 = x2
form 3 = x3
 (a) . P(200,250,150) = 500(200) + 650 (250) +450(150) -300,000
= 100,000 + 162,500 + 67,500 -300,000
= 30000
(b). P(500,300,700) = 500(500) + 650(300) +450(700) -300,000
= 250,000 + 195,000 + 315,000 -300,000
= 460,000

Q.NO 29. the valve of a truck is estimated by the function

V = f(t) = 20,000 – 3,000t

Where v equals valve stated in dollars and t equals the age of the truck expressed in years.

a) What class of function is this?

b) What is the valve after three years?
c) When will the valve equal zero?

ANS=

Given function is V = f(t) = 20000 -3000 t

here V = value stated in dollor and t = age of truck in year
(a) This is a linear function
(b). V=f(3) = 20000-3000(3)
= 20000-9000
= 11000
so after 3 year the value will be 11000
(c) 0 = 20000-3000 t
3000 t = 20000
t = 20000/3000
t = 6.67 year

Q.NO 30. a police department has determined that the number of serious crimes which occur
per week can be estimated as a function of the number of police officers assigned to preventive
patrol. Specially, the mathematical function is

C = f(p) = 900 – 3.5p

Where c equals the number of crimes expected per week and p equals the number of officers
assigned to preventive patrol.

a) What class of function is this?

b) What is the expected number of crimes if 150 officers are assigned to preventive patrol?
c) How many officers would have to be assigned if it desired to reduce weekly crime levels to
500?
d) How many officers would have to be assigned to reduce weekly crime levels 0?

ANS=
The function given is C =f(p) = 900-3.5 p
Here C = number of crimes and p = number of officers assigned to preventive patrol
(a) This is a linear function

(b).
C = f(150) = 900- 3.5 (150)
= 900-525
= 375
When 150 officers are assigned then the expected crime will be 375.

(c). 500 = 900-3.5 p

3.5p = 900-500
3.5 p = 400
p = 400/3.5
p = 114
When 114 officers are assigned then the expected crime will be 500

(d). 0 = 900-3.5p
3.5 p = 900
p = 900/3.5
p = 257
When 257 officers are assigned then the expected crime will be 0

Q.NO 31. total revenue from selling a particular product depend upon the price charge per unit.
Specially the revenue function is

R= (P) = 1,500p – 50P2

Where R equals total revenue in dollars and p equals price, also stated in dollar.

a) What class of function is this?

b) What is total revenue expected to equal if the price equals $10?
c) What price(s) would result in total revene equaling zero?

ANS=

Revenue function is given R = f(p) =1500p-50p2

here R = total revenue in dollars and P = price in dollar
(a) . This is quadratic Function

(b). R = f( 10) = 1,500(10)-50(10)2

= 15,000-5,000
 = $10,000
when price is equal to 10 then total revenue will be 10000

(c). 0 = 1500p -50p2

= 50p(30-p)
now 50p= 0 and 30-p =0
p = 0/50 =0 and p = 30
so when price is zero or 30 then revenue will be zero.

Q.NO 32. - Supply functions A supply functions indicates the number of units of a commodity
that are welling to bring to the market price as a function of the price consumers are welling to
pay. The fowling functions is a supply function.

Q5 = 0.5p2 – 200

Where q, equals number of units supplied (stated in thousands) and p equals the selling price.

a) What class of functions is this?

b) What quantity would be supplied if the market price is $30? $50?
c) What price would result in zero units being brought to the market place?

ANS=

Given supply function is qs= 0.5p2 -200

hereqs= unit supplied in thousands and p= selling price

(a) . this is a quadratic function

(b) when price is 30 then

qs= 0.5 (30)2 -200
qs= 450-200
qs= 250 thousands
so when price is 30 then 250 thousands will be supplied.
when price is 50 then
qs= 0.5 (50)2 -200
qs= 1250-200
qs= 1050 thousands
so when price is 50 then 1050 thousands units are supplied

(c)
0 = 0.5 p2 -200
0.5 p2 = 200
p2 = 200/0.5
p2 = 400
Taking square root both sides
 p = 20
so when price is 20 then there will zero unit supplied in the market

Q.NO 33. The profit function is

p (q) = -10q2 +36,000q-45,000
Where q equals the number of units sold and p equals annual profit in dollars.

a) What type of function is this?

b) What profit expected to equal if 1,500 units are sold.

ANS=

The profit function is given

p (q) = -10q2 +36,000q-45,000
here q = number of unit sold and P = annual profit in dollars.
(a) This is quadratic function
(b) P (1500) = -10 (1500)2 +36000(1500)-45000
= -22,500,000 + 54,000,000 -45,000
= 3 ,455,000
so when 1500 units were sold then the profit expected is 31,455,000

Q.NO 34 Salvage value A major airline purchases a particular type of plane for $75 million.
The company estimates that the salvage (resale) value of the plane is estimated well by the
function

S = f(x) = 72 – 0.0006x

Where S equals the salvage value (in million of dollars) and x equals the number of hours of
flight time for the plane.

a) What type of function is this?

b) What is the salvage value expected to equal after 10,000 hours of flight time?
c) How many hours would the plane have to be flown for the salvage to equal zero?
d) What interpretation would you give to the y intercept? Why do you think this does not
equal 75?

ANS=
Given function is
S = f(x) = 72-0.0006x
here S =salvage value (in millions of dollars) and x = number of hours
(a) This is a linear function
(b) S = f(10,000)= 72-0.0006(10,000)
 = 66 dollars
so when slvage value will be 66 dollars for 10,000 hours.
(c) 0 = 72-0.0006x
0.0006x=72
x= 72/0.0006
x= 120,000
Salvage will be zero for 120,000 hour of filght time for plane.
(d) yes i think that it is not equal to 75 but equal to 72

Q.NO 35 The demand function for a product is

Qd p2 -90p + 2,025 0≤ p ≤ 45

Where qd equals the number of units demanded and p equals the price per unit, stated in
dollars.

c) What type of function is this?

d) How many units will be demanded at a price of $30?
e) What price(s) would result in zero demand for the product?

ANS=
Give demand function is
qd= P2 -90p+2025
hereqd = number of units demanded and p = price per unit
(a) This is a quadratic function
(b) qd= (30)2 -90 (30) +2025
= 900-2700+2025
= 225
(c) 0 = p2 -90p+2025
using quadratic formula
a = 1 , b = -90 , c= 2025

Q.NO 36. An epidemic is spreading through a herd of beef cattle.The number of cattle
expected to be afflicted by the disease is estimated by the function

N = f(t) = 0.08t2 + 5

Where n equals the number of cattle afflicted and t equals the number of days since the
disease was firstdetected. How many cattle are expected to be afflicted after 10days?
After 20 days?

ANS=
Given function is n=f(t)=0.08t3+5
Here n = number of cattle and t = number of days when the disease were
first Detected

(a) . n = f(10) = 0.08(10)3 +5

= 0.08 (1000) +5
= 80+5
= 85
After 10 days there would be 85 cattles could be afflicted
(b). n = f(20) = 0.08(20)3 +5
= 640+ 5
= 645
after 20 days there would be 645 cattles could be afflicted

Q.NO 37. Given f(x) = x2 – 3 and g(x) = 10 – 2x, determine

a) f(x) = x2 + g(x)
b) f(x) . g(x)
c) f(x) / g(x)

ANS=
Given f(x) = x2 -3 and g(x)= 10-2x
determine (a) f(x) +g(x) (b) f(x). g(x) (c) f(x)/g(x)

(a) f(x)+g(x) = x2 -3 + 10-2x

= x2-2x+7

(b) f(x).g(x) = (x2 -3).(10-2x)

= 10 x2 -2x3 -30+6x
= -2x +10x +6x -30
3 2

(c) f(x)/g(x) = (x2 -3) / (10-2x)

Q.NO 38 Given f(x) = √x and g(x) = 3/ (x – 1) , determine

a) f(x) – g(x)
b) f(x). g(x), and
c) f(x)/ g(x)

ANS=

Given f(x) = √x and g(x) =3/(x-1)

(a) f(x) -g(x) = √x - 3/(x-1)
 (b) f(x).g(x) = √x -3/(x-1)

(c) f(x)/g(x) = √x -3/(x-1)

= √x. (x-1)/3
Q.NO 39 if y g(µ) = µ2 - 4 µ+ 10 and µ = h(x) = x – 4, determine

a) g(h(x)),
b) g(h(-2)), and c g(h(1)).

ANS=
if y= g(u)= u2 -4u+10 and u = h(x) =x-4
(a) g(h(x)) = ?
g(h(x)) = (x-4)2 -4(x-4) +10
= x2 +16 -8x -4x+16+10
= x2 -12x +42
(b) g(h(-2)) = ?
= (-2)2 -12(-2) +42
= 4 +24+42
= 70
(c) g(h(1)) = ?
= (1)2 -12(1) +42
= 1-12+42
= 31

Q.NO 40 Given y= g(µ)= 3 µ2 +4 µ and µ= h(x) = x+8 , determine

a) g(h(x))
b) g(h(-2)), and
c) g(h(1)).

ANS=

Given y = g(u) = 3u2 + 4u and u = h(x)= x+8

(a) g(h(x)) = ?
g(h(x)) = 3(x+8)2 +4(x+8)
= 3(x2 +64 +16x) + 4x+32
= 3x2 +192+48x +4x+32
= 3x2+52x+224

(b) g(h(-2)) = ?
= 3(-2)2 + 52(-2) +224
= 12 -104 +224
= 132

(c) g(h(1)) =?
= 3(1)2 +52(1) +224
 = 3 +52 + 224
= 279

Q.NO 41 - if y = g(µ) = µ2 +2 µ and µ= h(x)= x3

a) , g(h(x)),
b) g(h(0)) and
c) g(h(2)).

ANS=

if y = g(u) = u2 + 2u and u = h(x) =x3

(a) g(h(x)) = ?
g(h(x)) = (x3)2 + 2x3
= x6+ 2x3
(b) g(h(0)) = ?
= (0)6 + 2(0)3
=0
(c) g(h(2)) = ?
= (2)6 + 2(2)3
= 64+16
= 80
Q.NO 42 given c = h(s) = s2 – 8s + 5 and s= f(t)= 10, determine

a) h(f(t))
b) h(f(3)) and
c) h(f)-2))

ANS=
given c= h(s) = s2- 8s+5 and s = f(t)= 10
(a) h(f(t)) = ?
= (10)2 -8(10) +5
= 100 -80+5
= 25

(b) h(f(3)) =?
= (3)2 -8(3) +5
= 9 -24 + 5
= -10
(c) h(f(-2))= ?
= (-2)2 -8(-2) +5
= 4 +16 +5
= 25
Q.NO 43 Given y= g(µ) = (2)µ and µ = h(x)= x + 2, determine

a) g(h(x))
b) g(h(3))
c) g(h(-2))

ANS=
Given y =g(u)=(2)u and u=h(x)=x+2
(a) g(h(x))=?
g(h(x))= (2)x+2
= (2) (x+2)
= 2x+4
(b) g(h(3))= ?
= 2(3) +4
= 6+4 =10
(c) g(h(-2) = 2(-2)+4
= -4+4=0

Q.NO 44 Given y = g(µ) = (µ - 5)2 and µ = h(x)= x + 1 , determine

a) g(h(x))
b) g(h(5))
c) g(h(-3))

ANS=

y=g(u)= (u-5)2 and u = h(x)= x2 +1

(a) g(h(x)) = ?
=( x2+1-5)2
= (x2-4)2
= x4 -8x2+16

(b) g(h(5)) = ?
= (5)4 -8(5)2+16
= 625-200+16
= 441

(c) g(h(-3)) =?
= (-3)4 -8(-3)2+16
= 81-72+16
= 25
Chapter # 05
Linear Functions
Definition: Linear Function Involving One Independent Variable
A linear function f involving one independent variable x and a dependent variable y has the
general form
Y=f(x) =ax1+a0
Definition: Linear Function Involving Two Independent Variable
A linear function f involving two independent variables x1 and x2 and a dependent variable y has
the general form
Y=f(x1, x2) =a1x1+a2x2+a0

Definition: Linear Function Involving n Independent Variable

A linear function f involving n independent variables x1, x2…..xn and a dependent variable y has
the general form
Y=f(X1, X2,…..Xn)
Or
Y=A1X1+A2X2+…. +AnXn+A0

Linear Revenue Functions:

The money which flows into an organization from either selling products or providing services is
often referred as Revenue.
Total Revenue= (price) (quantity sold)

Linear profit functions:

Profit for an organization is the difference between total revenue and total cost
Profit = total revenue – total cost

Section 5.1
Q3: assume in example page 177 the sale person received a bonus when combine sale from
the two products exceed 20 units. The bonus is $2.50 per unit for each unit over 80.with this
incentive program, the salary function must be described by two different functions. When
are they and when are they valid?
Solution:
As y =5x1+3x2+25
(1) When a total of 80 or fewer units are sold the salary function
is/>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Y=5x1+3x2+25
When (0 < x1 + x2 < 80)
(2) When a total of 80 units are sold then salary function is
Y = 5x1 +3x2 +25+2.5(x1 + x2 - 80)
Only the number of units in excess of 80 will earn more than the 2.50 bonus
=5x1 +3x2 +25+2.5x1 +2.5x2 – 20
=7.50x1+5.5 x2-175 when x1 + x2 > 80 Answer

Q5: A manufacturer of microcomputer produced three models. The following table

summarizes wholesale prices, Material cost per units, and labor cost per unit. Annual fixed
costs are $25 million.

Microcomputer

Model 1 Model2 Model3

Wholesale price/unit $500 $1000 $1500

Material cost/unit 175 400 750

Labor cost/unit 100 150 225

(a) Determine a joint total revenue function for the sale of three different models?
(b) Determine the total cost function for manufacturing the three models?
(c) Determine profit function for sale of the three models?
(d) What is the annual profit if the firms sell 20,000.40,000 and 10,000 units respectively, of
the three models?

Solution:
(a) If x=the number of units of models
Pj= the whole sale price of j models
The revenue function for sale will be
R=f(x1,x2,x3)
R=p1 x2 +{x2 +p3 x3
R=500x1+1000x2+1500x3
(b) Total cost (T.C) =Total Variable cost Total Fixed cost
T.C=material+labour+fixed cost
C=f(x1+x2+x3)
C=275x1+550x2+975x3+25,000,000
(c) Total profit=Total Revenue - Total cost
P(X1, X2, X3) =R(x1, x2, x3)-c(x1, x2, x3)
=500x1+1000x2+1500x3-(275x1-550x2-975x3-25,000,000
=225x1+450x2+525x3-25,000,000
(d) =225(20,000) +450(40,000) +525(10,000)-25,000,000
=4,500,000+18,000,000+5,250,000
=2,750,000 Answer

Q7: a car leasing agency purchase new cars each year for use in agency. The car cost
$15000 new. They are used 3 years, after which they are sold for 4500.the owner of the
agency estimated that the variable cost of operating cars, exclusive of gasoline, are $ 0.18
per mile. Cars are leased for a flat fee of $.33 per mile (gasoline are not included)
(a)formulate the total revenue function associated with renting one of the car a total of x
miles over a 3- Year period.
(b) Formulate the total cost function associated with renting a car for a total of x mile over
3 years.
(c) Formulate the profit function,
(D) What is profit if car is leased for 60000 miles over a 3 year period?
(e) What mileage is required in order to earn zero profit for 3 years?

Solution:
As purchase cost=15,000
Salvage cost=4,500
Variable cost= 0.18
Rent or Revenue=0.33
(a) Total Revenue= (Rent Fee per mile) x
R (x) = 0.33x
(b) Total cost = total fixed cost + total variable cost
C (x) = (purchase cost – resale cost) + (cost per mile) x
= (15,000-4500) + 0.18x
=10,500+0.18x
(c) Profit (x) =revenue (x) – cost (x)
P(x) =r(x)-c(x)
=0.33x-10,500+0.18x
=0.15x-10,500
(d) Here x = 60000
P (60,000) =0.15(60,000)-10500
=-1500 (loss)
(e) Here x=0
P (0) =0.15(0)-10500
-0.15x=-10500

X=70000 Answer
Q8: A company produces a product which it sells for $55 per unit. Each unit cost the firm
$23 in variable expense, and fixed costs on an annual basis are $40,000. If x equals the
number of units produced and sold during the year.
(a) Formulate the linear total cost function.
(b) Formulate the linear total revenue function.
(c) Formulate the linear profit function.
(D) What does annual profit equal if 10,000 units are produced and sold during the year?
(e) What level of output is required in order to earn zero profit?
Solution:
If pj Sale price is 55 and xj is number of units sold then
(a)Revenue function R=f (pjxj)
R =f(x)
R =55(x)
(b) C (x) =f (x)
C (x) = total variable cost +total fixed cost
=23 x+ 40,0000
(c)P (x) = R(x) – C(x)
=55 x-(23x+40,0000)
=32x-40,000
(d)Here x =10,000
P (10,000) =32(10,000)-400000
=-80,000 (loss)
(e) Here p =0
P (x) =32(x)-40,0000
-32(x) =-40,0000
X= 12500 Answer
Q9: A gas station sells unleaded regular gasoline and unleaded premium. The price per
gallon charged by the section is 1.229 for unleaded regular and $ 1.379 for unleaded
premium. The cost per gallon from the supplier is 1.219 for unleaded regular and $1.289
for premium. If x1 equals the number of gallon sold of regular and x 2 the number of gallons
sold of premium:
(a) Formulate the revenue function from selling x1 and x2 gallons respectively of the two
grades of gasoline.
(b) Formulate the total cost function from selling x 1 and x2 gallons respectively of the two
grades of gasoline.
(c) Formulate the total profit function.
(d) What is total profit expected to equal if the station sells 100000 gallons of unleaded
regular and 40000 of unleaded premium?
Solution:
If p1=price per gallon of regular
P2=price per gallon of premium
If x1=number of gallons of regular
X2=number of gallons of premium then,
(a) Revenue function R=f(x1,x2)
R = p1x1+p2x2
R =1.299 x1+1.379 x2
(b) C (x) =f (x)
Total cost=variable cost+fixed cost
=1.219 x1+1.289 x2 +0
=1.219 x1+1.289 x2
(c) P (x1,x2) = R(x1,x2) – C(x1,x2)
=1.299x1+1.379x2-(1.219x1+1.289x2)
=.08x1+.09x2
(d) Here x1=10000,x2=40000
P (x1,x2) =.08(10000)+.09(40000)
=8000+3600=11600 Answer