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A Novel High Gain Single-Switch DC-DC Buck-Boost Converter with

Continuous Input and Output Power

Conference Paper · November 2019

DOI: 10.1109/EPDC.2019.8903599

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 The 24th Electrical Power Distribution Conference, 19-20 Jun. 2019, Khorramabad, Iran

A Novel High Gain Single-Switch DC-DC Buck-Boost

Converter with Continuous Input and Output Power
Seyed Hossein Hosseini Reza Ghazi Sina Kowsari Movahhed
Department of Electrical Department of Electrical Department of Electrical
Engineering Engineering Engineering
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
Mashhad, Iran Mashhad, Iran Mashhad, Iran
hossein.hosseini@mail.um.ac.ir rghazi@um.ac.ir S_kowsari_m@yahoo.com

Abstract – In this paper, a novel structure for a high gain
single-switch buck-boost converter with continuous input and
output power suitable for renewable energies connected to the
distribution grid is proposed and illustrated. Unlike traditional
buck-boost, CUK, SEPIC and ZETA converter, the proposed
converter has continuous currents by the help of inductive filters
in its input and output ports. Therefore, this converter is suitable
for renewable energy utilization. Without using any galvanic
isolations or either coupled inductors with only a single power
switch with low stress on, the proposed converter has significant
higher voltage gain compared to the other relevant buck-boost
converters. In this converter, low numbers of elements are used
to avoid high costs and complexity. In order to validate the
theoretical equations, simulation results are provided in buck
and boost modes in PSIM software.
Index Terms – DC-DC buck-boost, high gain, single switch,
continuous input and output, non-isolated.
I. INTRODUCTION
Recent disastrous events acting as: air pollution, climate
change, greenhouse emission and fossil fuels depletion have
been put human life in danger [1]. These consequences have
been forced the engineers to replace the fossil fuels with
environmentally clean renewable energy sources (RES) such
as: photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbines. The RESs are able to
satisfy the load in distribution networks mainly when
unexpected loads are connected in peak demand of consumers
inverter is adopting a DC-DC converter with wide range of
capability. Hence, DC power can be received from RESs and
transferred into its output all at maximum energy extraction
[10-13]. To this aim, DC-DC converters should be
implemented with high voltage gain ratios, using transformer-
less (non-galvanic) isolations to avoid power dissipation of
leakage inductance of coupled inductors, having continuous
power in the input and the output of its topology to derive
maximum power from input DC source and transfer to the
output at low power ripples, low voltage stress on elements to
avoid power losses; having simple control ability with fewer
elements [14-18]. Recent relevant works can be manifested as:
quadratic converter offered in [13]. High voltage gain ratio
have achieved, while too many components have adopted.
Authors in [14] and [15] offered high gain structures.
Notwithstanding, [14] have not drawn continuous currents in
both input and output ports. Moreover, [15] suggests
continuous currents for input port, however, not such promise
have made for its output. There is a novel structure given in
[17] and [18] as KY converters with the voltage gain of 2D (D
represents duty cycle).
DC-Bus
Converter
Grid-Connected
Rectifier Inverter
DC
Distribution
AC Grid
Wind Turbine
DC
DC

[2]. To offer a comprehensive sight, a typical diagram of a

renewable energy system is shown in Fig. 1 in which the wind Converter

turbine and PV are feeding a DC-bus. On the other side, the DC

DC-bus feeds the distribution system usually by a grid- Photovoltaics
DC
connected inverters or perhaps the unexpected loads [3], [4]. Load
The voltage generated from RESs must be constant at a proper Converter
value before injecting to the distribution network. Therefore, DC
DC Batteries
to regulate the voltage for DC-bus at a desire value, DC DC Load
batteries and also fuel cells are utilized. However, unwanted
Converter
disturbances emanating from RESs have significant effects on
the consumers connected to the DC-bus. For instance, creating DC
Fuel Cells
shadows on PV panels and stopping the passing of light all by DC
clouds, variable wind speed for wind turbines and poor
capability of generating high level of DC voltage for fuel cells
and batteries are considered as significant shortcomings which
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of a grid-connected renewable energy source to
all have made limitations for utilization of each in electricity distribution grid.
generations [5-9], [17], [18]. May an excellent option in
extracting the energy generated from RESs and feeding the

978-1-7281-3385-0/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE 10

Fast transient response followed by continuous output current iL1 iC1 iL3
+ VL3
_ _ _
+ VL1 +VC1 io
have achieved in both, while the absence of continuous input
current, adopting extra power switch in company with low

_VC3 +
C2 +
iC2
voltage gain ratio are all acting as a disaster for these

VL2
iL2

iC3
E

_V
S +

C4 +
+
converters. Earlier works such as demonstrated in [16] are up

iC4
R V_o

_V
for presenting high voltage gain ratio with continuous output +
current. However, there is no considerable improvement of
voltage gain and also, input current is still discontinuous.
As it is clear, buck-boot converters have been treated as a (a)
suitable voltage regulator in many applications mostly in iL1 iC1 iL3
+VC1
_ _
+ VL1 D1 + VL3 _ io
renewable energies connected to the power (distribution) grid.
Thereupon, this paper proposes a new topology of high gain

VC3 +
VC2+
_
non-isolated DC-DC buck-boost converter performing at

iC2

iC3
+VL2
iL2
E +

_V +
C4
continuous input and output power. The proposed converter is

iC4
R Vo
_
extracted from a SEPIC converter with a higher voltage gain
ratio than the conventional buck-boost, CUK and ZETA D2

converters. This converter has fewer components and also

controlled by a single power switch under low voltage stress. (b)
Two inductive filters (L1, L3) are designed in the input and Fig. 3. Equivalent circuit for proposed converter operating in CCM (a) State 1
(b) State 2.
output port of the proposed converter to extract maximum
Consequently, two main operation states can be defined in
energy from input DC source and deliver it to the output load
continuous conduction mode (CCM) operation for this
which is non-pulsating power. Therefore, this converter can be
converter which are introduced as follows:
useful in renewable energy applications with high reliability.
State 1 [0 ≤ t ≤ DTs]: In this mode, the main power switch is
The content of this paper is organized in five sections: Section
on and while the two diodes D1 and D2 are blocked. During
I is introduction. In Section II the proposed converter topology
this period, the inductor L1 is charged by the input DC power
is illustrated. The proposed converter advantages are provided
source E. Meanwhile, the capacitors C1, C2, C3 discharge their
in Section III. Section IV presents the simulation verification
energy to the inductors L2, L3 to feed the output load R. It can
using PSIM software. Section V concludes the paper.
be concluded that the current of inductor linearly rises while
II.PROPOSED CONVERTER TOPOLOGY the energy within the capacitor releases to the circuit. Fig. 3
(a) shows the equivalent circuit for this mode. Therefore, to
This section is organized as steady state calculations for determine the corresponding equations for this state the KVL
voltages, currents further voltage and current ripples. The and KCL are applied in which following equations are
proposed topology is illustrated in Fig. 2. Two diodes (D1, obtained:
D2), four capacitors (C1, C2, C3, C4), three inductors (L1, L2, di L 1
L3), a single power switch S and a resistive load are combined L1 E (1)
dt
to attain a high voltage gain buck-boost converter.
di L 2
L2 vC1 (2)
Input current Output current dt
L1 C1 D1 L3
di L 3
L3 v C 1 v C 2 v C 3 v C 4 (3)
L2 C2 C3 dt
S +
C4 R Vo
_ dv C 1
C1 vC1 i L 2  i L 3 (4)
D2 dt
dv C 2 dv C 3
C2 C3 i L 3 . (5)
Fig. 2. Proposed converter architecture dt dt
Before evaluating the proposed converter performance,
dv C 4
following considerations are made for the sake of simplicity C4 i L 3  io (6)
as: dt
1) All components are considered to be ideal. State 2 [DTs ≤ t ≤Ts]: In this mode, the power switch S turns
2) All capacitors and inductors are ripple-free where the off while the diodes D1 and D2 are conducting. During this
constant voltage and current for them are assumed during time interval, the stored energy in the inductors L1 and L2
a complete period respectively. releases and charges the capacitor C1 in company with the
input dc voltage source. Meantime, the capacitors C2, C3 and
also output load R are charged by the demagnetized energy

11
 Vgs D
VC 2 VC 3 E . (14)
1 D
t
Vswitch Finally, average value of voltage for C4, namely VC4, is
Vo
determined by using (13) and (14) as:
2D
t 2D
VD1, VD2
Vo VC 4 E . (15)
1 D
2D
t As all it is vivid, the dc voltage transferred function (MCCM) of
IL1
2 DI o the proposed converter can be found (15). Hence, we have:
1 D 
2

Vo 2D
t M CCM . (16)
IL2 E 1 D
Io B. Inductor current calculation
t Similar to the previous part, the average value for all
IL3 inductors current can be attained using ampere-second
Io principle on each capacitor C1, C2, C3, C4. Subsequently, their
t current path through all of inductors, namely IL1, IL2, IL3, is
DTs (1-D)Ts given by
Fig. 4. Wave forms of the proposed converter based on the derived
equations operating in CCM. ­I 2D
Io
from inductors L2, L3. It can be seen that the current of each ° L1 1 D
inductor decreases. In Fig. 3 (b), the equivalent circuit for this °
®I L 2 Io , (17)
mode of operation is drawn and the relevant equations of
°I Io
voltage and current are derived as follows:
° L3
¯
Whereby IL1 represents the input current. So, the current dc
di L 1 transfer function for this converter can be derived by
L1 E v C1 v C 3 (7)
dt I in 2D
di L 2
M CCM . (18)
L2 v C 1 v C 3 (8) Io 1 D
dt As all it is clear, the input and output currents flow through the
di L 3 input and output inductive filters respectively where all
L3 v C 2 v C 4 (9) perform at CCM. Thereupon, their current never meet the zero
dt
axis during a complete switching period while fundamental
dv C 1 buck-boost converter has not such promise.
C1 i L1 (10)
dt C. Electric stress on semiconductors
dv C 2 dv C 3 1 For the power switch S, the voltage (VSw) and current stress
C2 C3 (i L 1  i L 2  i L 3 ) (11) (ISw) are calculated in on and off states respectively as:
dt dt 2
1 1
dv C 4 V Sw E v L1 E Vo (19)
C4 i L 3  io . (12) 1 D 2D
dt 2
As it is clear, the output load is always fed by the components I Sw i L1  i c1 Io . (20)
1 D
for both operating states continuously. The charging an
Furthermore, the voltage (VD1 and VD2 and current stress (iD1
discharging states are shown via time-domain typical
and iD2) of each diode are obtained as follows:
waveforms from Fig. 4.
A. Capacitor voltage calculation ­V v L 3  V o V c 2
1
E
1
Vo
Obtaining the voltage across all capacitors is now possible ° D1 1 D 2D
by applying volt-second balance principle on each inductor L1, ® (21)
°I ic 3  I L 3
1
Io
L2 and L3. Thereby, considering (D) as duty-cycle the average ¯ D1 1 D
value of voltage of the capacitor C1, named as Vc1, obtained as:
­V v  V V
1 1
VC 1 E . (13) ° D 2 L3 o c3 1 D
E Vo
®
2D . (22)
Using (13), the average value of voltage for C2 and C3, named
as V2 and V2, is found by °I i I
1
I
¯ D2 c2 o 1 D o
D. Determination of ripples

12
 TABLE I TABLE II
SUMMARIZED INFORMATION FOR THE PROPOSED CONVERTER AND OTHER VOLTAGE STRESS ACROSS THE POWER SWITCHES AND DIODES
RELEVANT CONVERTERS
Fund. Buck- Proposed
References Number of Continuous Continuous --- [16]
Voltage gain boost converter Converter
Elements input current output current
voltage stress on Vo 1 D V
Vo
Fund. buck-boost 1 Switch
D Power switch V V Vo sw 2D
conv. 1 Diode NO NO sw D sw D
1 Capacitor
1inductor 1 D
­ Vo

 
1 Switch 2
[ 13 ] 5 Diodes D YES YES voltage stress on °V D 1 D
Vo ® V V
Vo
3Capacitors
1 D diodes V °V V V D1 D 2 2D
3 Inductors D D ¯ D2 D3 o
1 Switch
[ 14 ] 3 Diodes
3 D NO NO
5Capacitors
1 D
3 Inductors Voltage Gain Comparison
1 Switch 40
[ 15 ] 3 Diodes
3D YES NO
6Capacitors
4 Inductors
1 D 35
1 Switch
3 Diodes
D NO YES
2 30
[ 16 ] 2Capacitors
1 D

Output Voltage Gain

2 Inductors
1 Switches 25
Proposed 4 Diodes
2D YES YES
Conv. 4Capacitors 1 D
3 Inductors 20

15
The current ripples through the all inductors can be Proposed converter

determined by using equations (1-3). Hence, we have 10 Proposed in [14] and [15]
Fundamental Boost con.

­ 'i Dv L 1 DE 1  D  Proposed in [16]

RI o 5
° L1 L f
Proposed in [12] and [13]
Fund. buck-boost converter
L1f s 2 L1f s
° 1 s
0
Proposed in [17] and [18]

° Dv L 2
2
D E D , 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
® 'i L 2 RI o (23) Duty cycle
° L f
2 s
 1  D  L f
2 s
2 L f
2 s
Fig. 5. DC voltage transfer gain comparison in CCM.
° Dv L 3 DE 1  D 
° 'i L 3 RI o
¯ L3f s L3f s 2L 3f s offers higher voltage gain ratio compared to its relevant works
such as fundamental buck boost, CUK, SEPIC, Zeta, KY
whereby R represents the value of output resistive load. By quadratic converters and in [16].
having the switching frequency (fs) and current ripples, the Fig. 5 shows a comparison of voltage gain ratio based on the
amount of each inductor can be designed. Similar to the information given in table I, which the proposed converter and
approach utilized to calculate the current ripples of inductors, the abovementioned works are included. The horizontal axis
the voltage ripples in the capacitors can be determined by the shows the range of duty cycle adjusted from 10% to 90% and
aid of (4-6) which are given as follows: the vertical axis is for the output voltage of the converter from
­ Di C 1 2D 0 to 40 volt. Small range of duty cycle lets the output voltage
°'v c 1 C 1f s C 1f s
Io
be chosen at high values.
° B. Low voltage stress across all semiconductors
° Di C 2 D . This part is devoted to the advantage of low voltage stress
®'v c 2 Io (24)
° C 1f s C 2f s across all semiconductors (Power switches and diodes) of the
° Di C 3 D
proposed converter. In agreement with the equations (19-21),
°'v c 3 Io voltage stress across the power switch and two diodes are all
¯ C 3f s C 3f s
stand as the same and low value. Besides, earlier structures
III.PROPOSED CONVERTER ADVANTAGES such as in [16] have already focused on the low voltage stress
on its semiconductors. Hence, a voltage gain comparison have
General information for the proposed converter and its provided and displayed in Fig. 6 including the voltage stress of
relational works is given in table I. It can be seen that lower all semiconductors for the proposed converter, fundamental
numbers of elements is employed for the proposed converter buck-boost, CUK, SEPIC and Zeta converter further the
in compare of structures in [14], [15]. Moreover, the topology given in [16]. All of the curves are given based on
significant advantages of the proposed converter are organized
the summarized information about voltage stresses in table II.
as follows:
Fig. 6 (a) and (b) are drawn for the voltage stress on power
A. High voltage gain ratio
switches and diodes respectively. As all it is clear, this
According to the equation (16), the proposed converter

13
 TABLE III
Voltage Stress comparison for power switches SIMULATION PARAMETERS FOR BUCK AND BOOST MODES
20

18 Simulation Parameters Values

16 Input Voltage 20 V
Voltage stress across

Output voltage for boost mode 50 V

the power switch

14

12 Output voltage for buck mode 15 V

Proposed converter
L 1, L 2 , L 3 500 μH
10
Fund. Buck-boost converter C1, C4 470 μF
8
Proposed in [16] C2, C3 200 μF
6 Output resistive load 15 Ω
4 Switching frequency 33 kHz
2
power can always be smoothed in receiving from source and
0 feeding the output load. Thereby, both of them output do not
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
falls into zero which their waveforms are in agreement with
Output voltage Gain
this claim. According to this mode, the waveforms are
(a)
coincided with the determined values on paper. Similarly, the
Voltage stress Comparison for diodes value of duty cycle is determined as D 0.5555 to achieve
20

18
Diode voltage (VD) of 50V at the output. As shown in Fig. 7 (b), the voltage across
fund. Buck-boost conv.
also (VD1) for [16]
the power switch and all of diodes are equal to 45v. The
16
voltage and current waveforms for some nominated elements
Voltage stress across

14 are also displayed. Note that, the input and output power are
also acting as continuous in this mode. This is because the
the diodes

12
Diode voltage (VD2=VD3) input and output inductors have continuous current (IL1, IL3)
10 of structure in [16]
equal to 10A and 6A respectively.
8
Diode voltage (VD1=VD2) Vo
6 for the proposed conv. 20
15
4 10

2 VSwitch
30
20
0 10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0

Output voltage Gain VD1

(b) 30
20
Fig. 6. Voltage stress comparisons among the proposed converter, fund. buck- 10
0
boost and structure in [16] for (a) Power switches (b) Diodes
VD2
30
20
converter offers lower voltage stress as the output voltage 10
0
increases while others have much higher voltage stress in
IL1
respect with the output voltage. 1.25

IV. SIMULATION VERIFICATION 1

0.7
To demonstrate the feasibility of theoretical equations for
IL3
the proposed converter, two simulations are performed in buck 1.75

and boost mode of operations by PSIM software. Considering 1.4

1.2
the data given from Table III, some necessary waveforms are 1

VL1
provided from simulation results which are shown in Fig. 5. 20
10
According to the voltage gain ratio extracted before in 0
-10
equation (16), the value of duty cycle can be chosen as
Ic1
D 0.2727 to obtain 15V at the output in buck mode. The 1.2
0
voltage across the power switch and the diodes D1 and D2 are -1
-2.6
stand as equal to 27.7v in this mode. Based on derived
Vc1
equations before, the voltage and current for capacitor and the 20.02
20
inductor are shown as key waveforms in Fig. 7 (a). 19.98
19.96
1 1.00015 1.0002 1.00025
Based on the extracted equation from the proposed converter, 1.00005 1.0001

the value of input and output current (IL1, IL3) in this mode is Time (s)
1A and 1.4A respectively. This means that the input and output (a)

14
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[11] N. Zhang, G. Zhang, K. W. See, and B. Zhang, “A Single-Switch
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to the implementation of two inductive filters in the input and
the output of the converter, continuous power can be received
from the input DC source and transferred to the output which
is also continuous. Only single power is utilized in this
topology which made the structure easy to be controlled. The
voltage stress across all of the semiconductors is low. This
structure can be treated as a proper choice for renewable
energy connected to the distribution network. The given
simulation results validate the equations derived from the
proposed converter.

REFERENCES

15

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