UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES FOUNDATION

Cebu City

GRADUATE SCHOOL

Name: Joevan W. Alcala

COURSE CODE: EDUC 255
COURSE TITLE: SCHOOL PLANT AND FACILITIES
Submitted to: Carmelita A. Alcala Ed. D.
Instructor
1. Mid Term Requirements
a. Create a School Plan and Design process.
 Design Process

Located on a relatively small site of 1.5ha and accommodating up to1680 students in 42

classrooms, the main challenge for the architect was to create a small village community
within the site, to relate to a child’s sense of scale so as to create a homely and intimate
learning environment, with well-defined teaching areas and outdoor spaces. The design of the
new school facilities draws key principles from creating a vibrant learning and social
interaction life among the students.
Open Concept Learning. The Open Classroom
The design explores ‘open concept learning’ at the 1st storey of the learning cluster,
allowing an opportunity to create open concept classrooms that are intentionally arranged
along a traveled circulation area. A pair of classrooms had their walls done away and look
outward towards an open courtyard.
This allows the creation of a learning environment that support and encourages the
schools’ learning philosophy and holistic approach to provide students with the opportunity
to take responsibility of their own learning: creating self-awareness, social-awareness, self-
management, relationship management & responsible decision-making.
Without any defined enclosure to the classrooms: “window-less and door-less” architecture
concept to the space is applied. Students learn to take more responsibility of their own
learning under such planning strategy. Educators are able to both customize to students’ needs
and nurture independent learners. The open concept allows flexible spatial planning within
these classrooms studios that accommodate a variety of layout configurations with multiple
break-out zones within the learning areas.
The Outdoor Classroom. The design of learning cluster explores the indoor-outdoor
relationship between learning spaces, and reinforce the notion that learning is no longer
confined within the four walls of the classroom, but extends beyond. A butterfly garden
evolves through the attribution to life science learning. In this case, an outdoor deck serves as
an extension of the indoor learning areas and provides students with experiential learning
opportunities, as well as a variety of learning settings. Combined with an ecology pond, social
interaction is also encouraged.
Fostering Community: School as a social hub
Spatial planning of large spaces such as the open courtyard and canteen space are planned in
adjacent to each other to allow overspill of large activities events.

b. What is the importance of value engineering?

The value is a function of cost. Therefore, it can be increased either by improving the
function or reducing cost. The maximum value is achieved when the function performs
reliably at the lowest cost. A key principle of value engineering that basic function be
preserved and not reduced as a result of improvements in value. Thus Value Engineering (VE)
is a systematic method to improve the "value" of goods, products or services through an
examination of the function. Value engineering concepts can be applied to business as well as
technical situations and consequently lead management to informed, result oriented decisions.
"Value engineering has to be treated as future investment for gaining technology leadership in
the industry". Value engineering is a fantastic process that triggers a complete overhaul of the
system alternate design, alternate material, and design verification for strength, durability and
safety, manufacturing process and testing.
Value Engineering is an organized effort directed at analyzing the functions of
equipment, facilities, systems, methods, procedures, paperwork, services, and supplies for the
purpose of achieving the required function(s) at the lowest total cost of effective ownership,
consistent with requirements for performance and essential criteria, such as quality, aesthetics,
reliability, maintainability, safety, etc. In other words, value engineering is a systematic
approach aimed at achieving the desired functions of a product, a process, a system or a
service at minimum overall cost, without in any way affecting the quality, reliability,
performance and safety. It is neither a glorified suggestion program nor a means of
cheapening an item, process, or procedure. It does, however, seek to eliminate unnecessary
costs.
The success of each Value engineering program depends mainly on the quality of the
team ie., their qualification experience and relationship with the management. It is effective
and influential if it is performed early in the development of the project schedule.

Following points are to be applied when an activity or function decides to do the value
engineering:

-Value Engineering determines the basic function of an item.

-Value Engineering evaluating high cost areas and systematically reducing those costs.
-Value Engineering analyzes a problem area and developing alternative ways of resolving the
problem.
-Value Engineering selects the best possible alternative to perform the basic function at the
lowest cost.
-Value Engineering presents and promotes a proposal.
-Value Engineering also simplifies, resulting in increased reliability and ease of maintenance.
-Value Engineering extends financial, manpower, and material resources.

c. What are educational facilities that promote learning?

Child Development Centers
While their parents work, seven out of ten children under the age of six participate in
some form of care outside the home. Because many of them spend up to 12,500 hours in a child
development center—most of their waking hours—the facility must be designed to provide
safe, nurturing, and stimulating environments essential for the healthy development of our
children.
While child development centers can take many forms—they can be stand-alone or part
of some larger structure; they can be urban or rural; they can be large or small. Child
Development Centers will contain a variety of space types depending on the hours they are
used, the age of the children attending, the number of children attending, and the setting for
the center
Elementary School
Elementary School buildings are the setting for the first four to eight years of a child's
formal education, a period of structured schooling that is compulsory in most countries. In the
United States, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), first enacted in 1965 and
reauthorized by the No Child Left Behind Act, is the principal federal law that affects
kindergarten through 12th grade (K-12). Elementary school usually begins for children aged
four to seven (four if the school includes kindergarten, which is a program for children four to
six years of age that serves as an introduction to school). Other terms used to describe this
initial stage of education are "primary", "grade" and "grammar" school. This Building Type
page defines elementary school as grades K-8.
More than other building types, school facilities have a profound impact on their
occupants and the functions of the building, namely teaching and learning. Children in
various stages of development are stimulated by light, color, the scale of their surroundings,
even the navigational aspects of their school. Children can also react negatively to adverse
conditions.
Secondary School
Like elementary schools, secondary school buildings have the potential to enhance or
undermine the learning process. They need to be comfortable, healthful, safe, and secure.
Community colleges and high schools, often intended as joint-use facilities for other
community programs, must provide accessibility, flexibility, and durability. Because of year-
round use, it is particularly important to manage operational costs, and that requires life-cycle
cost analysis. While all K-12 schools today need to accommodate computers, secondary
schools have greater need for integrated technologies that support more sophisticated
curricula and performance arts. Secondary schools are more likely to be used for community
events, from public meetings or performances in the auditorium, to athletic competitions in the
gymnasium, or the natatorium.

Training Facility
A professional's need for education and training does not end upon completion of his or
her formal schooling years. Today, more than ever, continuing education is paramount to
maintaining and enhancing one's skills, especially in response to changes in technology that
impact virtually every profession. While most state licensing agencies and professional
associations require continuing education credits for professional certification, individuals
may seek educational opportunities to achieve other personal and career objectives.
A training facility for adult professionals must have flexible and technologically-
advanced learning environments that are safe, healthy, comfortable, aesthetically-pleasing,
and accessible. It must be able to accommodate the specific space and equipment needs of the
training program and curriculum. Support spaces geared toward adult needs, such as a
business station that allows students to carry out some business functions during their training
sessions, must be seamlessly integrated into the facility as well.

Tertiary education institutions

Tertiary education also referred to as third stage, third level, and post-secondary
education, is the educational level following the completion of a school providing a secondary
education. The World Bank, for example, defines tertiary education as including universities
as well as institutions that teach specific capacities of higher learning such as colleges,
technical training institutes, community colleges, nursing schools, research laboratories,
centers of excellence, and distance learning centers. Higher education is taken to include
undergraduate and postgraduate education, while vocational education and training beyond
secondary education is known as further education. "Tertiary education" includes further
education (FE), as well as higher education (HE). Since the 1970s specialized FE colleges called
“tertiary colleges” have been set up to offer courses such as A Levels, that allow progression to
HE, alongside vocational courses.

Mid Term Exam

1. Create your own principles of school building

 The school that I envision adheres to the following principles:
*Plan the School as Neighborhood-Scaled Community Learning Centers
The potential exists to transform the traditional school building into a community-
learning center that serves the educational needs of the entire population in the community.
Typically, a community-learning center can be created by interlacing residential
neighborhoods, various existing community and school organizations, functions and facilities.
*Create Smaller Schools
Small schools (100-150), in comparison with large schools (over 2,000) offer students
greater opportunities to participate in extracurricular activities and to exercise leadership
roles. In particular, they found that participation in school activities; student satisfaction,
number of classes taken, community employment, and participation in social organizations
have all been found to be greater in small schools relative to large schools.
*Respect Contextual Compatibility While Providing Sustainable Design Diversity
As real estate development sprawl has expanded, the principle of creating well-defined
neighborhoods has been ignored in urban planning. While a strong neighborhood may not
directly influence educational performance, the sense of cohesion experienced by community
members may help increase parental involvement in neighborhood schools.
*Consider Home as a Template for School
The transition from the home setting to institutional settings such as the school
environment can be stressful, especially for younger children in childcare settings. Experience
tells us that building in physical and social home-like characteristics may reduce anxiety on
the part of both parent and child, help children feel more comfortable and enable the student
to concentrate on learning.

2. Illustrate design of your own school