GMW14125 2019

Template For ENG STDS
WORLDWIDE
ENGINEERING Test Procedure GMW14125
STANDARDS
Linear Abrasion Testing
1 Introduction
Note: Nothing in this standard supercedes applicable laws and regulations.
Note: In the event of conflict between the English and domestic language, the English language shall take
precedence.
1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this test method is to determine the wear resistance by linear abrasion testing. For
this, the surface of the specimen is submitted to a controlled scraping effect with friction media to be defined.
1.2 Applicability. Materials and parts with surfaces subjected to wear.
1.3 Remarks. A specified number of cycles with a specified friction media are applied to the specimen at a
specified pressure force. Then the specimen is evaluated visually.
2 References
Note: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified.
2.1 External Standards/Specifications.
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DIN 61200 ISO 815 ISO 1518 ISO 13715
ISO 37 ISO 868 ISO 7619-1
2.2 GM Standards/Specifications.
GMW3221 GMW14130 GMW15058 GMW15651
2.3 Additional References.
 Article Number 750, Rubber Membrane available at EMPA Testmaterialien AG, Moevenstrasse 12, CH-9015
St. Gallen, Switzerland
 Article Number NW841023, Rüger Industriebedarf, Stahlstr. 26-28, 65428 Rüsselsheim, Germany, available
at www.rueger-industriebedarf.com (Brush example)
 Carborundum-Dilumit Schleiftechnik GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany, www.carborundum-dilumit.de (Sandpaper
provider)
 EMPA Testmaterialien AG, Moevenstrasse 12, CH-9015 St. Gallen, Switzerland (Rubber membrane provider)
 Lanxess Company, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, www.lanxess.com (Antiozonant (Cyclic Acetal)
Vulkazon AFS provider)
 Prüf- und Forschungsinstitut Pirmasens e.V., (PFI), www.pfi-germany.de (Test apparatus and brush provider)
 Taber Industries, www.taberindustries.com (Test apparatus provider)
 Testfabrics, Incorporated, www.testfabrics.com (Number 10 Oceanic Duck Cloth provider)
 Van Clewe Textilveredlung, Dingden, Germany, www.van-clewe.de (Foam provider)
3 Resources
3.1 Facilities. A standard laboratory is needed to perform this procedure.
3.1.1 Calibration. The test facilities and equipment shall be in good working order and shall have a valid
calibration label.
3.1.2 Alternatives. Alternative test facilities and equipment may also be used. However, all measuring variables
as specified in this standard shall be determined correctly with respect to their physical definition.
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GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14125
3.2 Equipment.
3.2.1 The test device was designed based on the scratch test apparatus used in ISO 1518. The principle
arrangements are shown/itemized in Figure 1. Both principles, a movement of the specimen or a movement of
the test media may be used. Essential is the specimen carriage (Item 3) or the test apparatus arm (Item 8),
capable of horizontal movement and a perpendicular located test media (Item 2) in a jig (Item 1). The arm holding
the test scraper shall have retainers for load weight (Item 6) and if needed, balance weight (Item 5). The speed
(cycles per minute) and the stroke length (stroke arm or carriage travel) of the movement shall be adjustable.
Test apparatus found to meet these requirements include the Clemen Keyl from Prüf- und Forschungsinstitut
Pirmasens e.V., (PFI), www.pfi-germany.de; and the Taber Linear Abrader including the bottom attaching
universal T-slot table with specimen hold down clamp and weights. Kits are available from Taber Industries, at
www.taberindustries.com.
Figure 1: Arrangements of Test Apparatus

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Where:
1 = Jig for test media
2 = Test media
3 = Moving specimen carriage
4 = Specimen clamps
5 = Balance weights
6 = Load weights
7 = Fixed specimen
8 = Moving apparatus arm with test media
3.2.2 Test Media (Friction Media). The test media is a replaceable device to be installed in the jig (Figure 1,
Item 1). At the end of the test media turned towards the specimen, a friction media (e.g., scraper, brush,
sandpaper) is installed. A more detailed description of relevant test media is given in the appropriate Appendix
(see Appendix A, Table A1 for more detail).

3.3 Test Vehicle/Test Piece.

3.3.1 Specimens shall be cut from finished components. Shape and size shall be such that an even contact
between the specimen and its carrier is obtained, and the required stroke length in one direction is possible on
the test surface. The specimens shall have a uniform thickness.
3.3.2 For initial sample approval and arbitration purposes at least three specimens shall be tested; for routine
quality control purpose at least one specimen shall be tested. If test is required to be executed in more than one
direction, for each direction the minimum number of specimens applies.
3.4 Test Time.
Calendar time: <1d
Test time: 3 h maximum
Coordination time: 4 h maximum
3.5 Test Required Information.
 Friction media (test media)
 Stroke length
 Number of cycles
 Speed (cycles/minute)
 Pressure force
This data shall be specified on engineering drawing, in the material specification, etc., and shall be indicated in
all test certificates, reports, etc. See appropriate Appendix for coding of this data (see Appendix A, Table A1 for
more detail).
3.6 Personnel/Skills. Personnel trained in accordance with laboratory accreditation requirements.
4 Procedure
4.1 Preparation.
4.1.1 Textiles (Including Leather and Plastic Roll Goods (PRG)). From available material, specimens shall
be taken in warp and filing, wale and course or longitudinal and transverse direction (longitudinal direction equals
machine direction). If the machine direction cannot be determined, specimens shall be taken from the material
in two directions perpendicular to one another. For initial sample approval and arbitration purposes, test at least
three specimens taken from each direction and for routine quality control at least one specimen shall be tested
in each direction. The tests shall be performed after conditioning for a minimum of 24 h to GMW3221, Code A.
4.1.2 Elastomers. The curing time between vulcanization (application of coating) and testing the elastomer shall
be 72 h minimum. The specimens shall remain at a temperature of 23 °C ± 5 °C for at least 8 h before testing,
and shall be free from stain during this period.
4.1.3 For all other materials see relevant material specification or drawing for conditioning requirements.
4.1.4 Immersion in Test Liquid. This immersion is only applicable if specified in the respective material
specification or engineering drawing. Specimens shall be dipped into the specified test liquid for a period of
10 s ± 1 s, at a temperature of +23 °C ± 5 °C, and allowed to dry in air for a period of 1 h ± 5 minutes at a
temperature of 23 °C ± 5 °C. The test liquids shall be clearly defined, either by chemical composition or by
reference to the respective material specification. The appropriate liquid shall be called up on the respective
engineering drawing or material specification.
4.2 Conditions.
4.2.1 Environmental Conditions. Standard laboratory conditions, temperature of 23 °C ± 5 °C, humidity not
controlled.
4.2.2 Test Conditions. Deviations from the requirements of this standard shall have been agreed upon. Such
requirements shall be specified on component drawings, test certificates, reports, etc.
4.3 Instructions.
4.3.1 The specimen shall be placed upon the carrier so as to be fully supported over the test area, clamped into
position, such that the test may be performed centrally on the specimen.
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4.3.2 The test media shall be installed at the arm of the test apparatus.
4.3.2.1 Test apparatus with a balance weight.
4.3.2.1.1 The arm having the specific media attached, shall be in full contact with the test surface (Figure 1,
Item 5).
4.3.2.1.2 The arm with the test medium shall be loaded with the required pressure force by means of a suitable
weight (Figure 1, Item 6).
4.3.2.2 Test apparatus without balancing equipment.
4.3.2.2.1 Determine the weight of the arm with test media and load additional suitable weights until the required
pressure force can be applied (Figure 1, Item 6).
4.3.3 The specimen shall be exposed for the defined stroke length and cycles at the specified speed. One cycle
is defined as double stroke (1 cycle = 2x stroke length).
5 Data
5.1 Calculations. Not applicable.
5.2 Interpretation of Results. The abrasion of specimen is evaluated visually. The evaluation and rating
depends on the selected friction media and tested material, see appropriate Appendix for details (see
Appendix A, Table A1).
5.3 Test Documentation. The resistance to linear abrasion shall be indicated with reference to this test method
according to the engineering drawings or material specifications.
6 Safety
This Engineering Standard may involve safety requirements for hazardous materials, the method of operations
and equipment. This standard does not propose to address all the safety issues associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to ensure compliance with all appropriate safety and health practices.
This would include any specific training that may be required. The safety and health standards include site
specific rules and procedures, company rules and procedures, and Government Standards. Contact shall be
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made with the appropriate site Safety and Health personnel for further direction and guidance in these matters.
7 Notes
7.1 Glossary.
Cycle: One back and forth movement (equals two strokes).
Speed: Number of cycles completed in a given timeframe (cycles/minute).
Stroke: One back or forth movement.
7.2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols.
CBS Cyclohexyl Benzothiazole Sulphenamide
CV Controlled Viscosity
GSSLT Global Subsystem Leadership Team
IP Instrument Panel
mm millimeter(s)
N Newton(s)
NOK Not OK
NR Natural Rubber
PFI Prüf- und Forschungsinstitut Pirmasens e.V.
PHR Parts per Hundred Rubber
PRG Plastic Roll Goods
RC Rockwell C Scale
SMR Standard Malaysian Rubber

TiO2 Titanium Dioxide

TMTD Tetramethyl Thiuram Monosulphide
ZnO Zinc Oxide
8 Coding System
This standard shall be referenced in other documents, drawings, etc., as follows:
Test to GMW14125
Example:
Linear Abrasion to
GMW14125-A1X2-Rating 6 minimum
Where:
Linear Abrasion = Designation
GMW14125 = Test Method
A1 = Test media, stroke length, number of cycles, speed (Appendix A for coding explanation)
X2 = Pressure force (Appendix A for coding explanation)
Rating 6 minimum = Minimum value required (see relevant Appendix for evaluation and rating explanation).
Note: Other minimum values may be specified in the engineering drawing or material specification if required
9 Release and Revisions

This standard was originated in May 2005. It was first approved by the Textile Global Subsystem Leadership
Team (GSSLT) in January 2009. It was first published in February 2009.
Issue Publication Date Description (Organization)
1 FEB 2009 Initial publication.
2 SEP 2014 Revised to current template. (Materials – Textiles GSSLT)
3 APR 2016 Addition of Appendix K, adding new details for a unique application of the basic
test methodology. (Materials – Textiles GSSLT)
4 JAN 2019 Revised Appendix K. (Materials – Textiles GSSLT)
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Appendix A: Coding
A1 Test Media, Stroke Length, Number of Cycles, Speed

See Table A1. If no identification is given, apply Coding A1.
A2 Pressure Force
See Table A2. If no identification of the pressure force is given, a pressure force of 5 N (Coding X1) shall be
applied.
Table A1: Coding of Test Media, Stroke Length, Number of Strokes, Stroke Speed
Coding Test Media Additional Stroke Number of Speed Note 1,2
Information Length Cycles (cycles/minute)
(mm)
A1 Test Scraper with width, X = 5 mm 50 ± 1 10 6
A2 Test Scraper with width, X = 10 mm See 50 ± 1 10 30

Appendix B
Test Scraper with width,
A3 50 ± 1 10 30
X = according to special data
Test Brush, length installed See
B 100 ± 2 20 15
longitudinal to specimen Appendix C
See
C Test Ball 25 ± 1 10 60
Appendix D
As many
Test Wedge with Sandpaper (short See needed until
D 13 ± 0.5 51
stroke length) Appendix E holes appear in
specimen
Test Wedge with Sandpaper (long See Per material
E 60 ± 1 48
stroke length) Appendix F specification
Code F is replaced by GMW15651. If this code is specified, use
Test Wedge with Hook and Loop
F GMW15651 as procedure. Contact responsible GM Engineering
Fastener
for GMW15651 parameters.
Test Wedge with Artificial Buttock See
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G 60 ± 1 2000 30
Cover Appendix G
Test Wedge with Paper Clip (marring See
H 100 ± 2 0.5 15
with linear abrasion tester) Appendix H
I Wool Test Felt See 10 ± 1 10 000 60
Appendix J
K Universal Adapter with CS10 See 75 ± 5 10 25
Weardisc Appendix K
Z According to special data
Note 1: A cycle is defined as one back and forth movement (equals two strokes). Speed of 30 cycles/minute identifies, therefore, a speed
where the 30 forward movements and 30 backward movements (in total 60 strokes) appear within 1 minute.
Note 2: Tolerance of test speed ± 5%. For test apparatus without digital preselection of test speed, the velocity is to be checked before the
start of the test.

Table A2: Coding of Pressure Force

Coding Pressure Force in Newtons (N)
X0 2 ± 0.05
X1 5 ± 0.1
X2 10 ± 0.2
X3 1 ± 0.01
X4 2.5 ± 0.05
X5 24 ± 0.5
X6 8 ± 0.5
X7 3.2 ± 0.05
X9 According to special data
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Appendix B: Coding – A1, A2 and A3, Test Scraper
B1 Typical Application
Flocked Elastomer, Pile Carpets (e.g., Velour Carpet).
B2 Test Scraper Design

Test scraper material shall be made from tool steel. See Figure B1 for all test scrapers dimensions. The test
cutting edge (Figure B1, Item 1) shall be hardened to Rockwell C Scale (RC) 60 RC to 62 RC and designed per
ISO 13715. For the width X see Appendix A, Table A1. In the area of the test cutting edge, the test scrapers are
shaped circularly as seen from the sharp side (Figure B1). The radius of the test cutting edges are in each case
X/2 (half of the width). Shapes and dimensions of the test scrapers shall be kept exactly within the area of the
test cutting edges, per ISO 13715. All other dimensions may be selected as required. The test cutting edges
shall be controlled at least once per year, depending on frequency of usage and base material to be tested.
B3 Test Procedure Addition

The initial stroke of the specimen in relation to the test medium shall always be directed toward the blunt face of
the scraper.
B4 Rating and Evaluation

B4.1 Textiles. The evaluation shall be performed visually using the ratings in Table B1 as well as the photo
standard for Velour Carpet in Figure B2.
B4.2 Elastomers and Plastics. The evaluation shall be performed visually. The areas adjacent to the points
where the strokes are reversed (approximately 5 mm before the end of each stroke) shall be ignored. After
completion of the test, the coating shall have full coverage over the substrate.
Table B1: Rating – Coding A

Rating Definition
10 No change
9 -
Light scratch marks visible, some marring allowed but no scuffing, no accumulation of fiber at
8
the points of reversal
7 -
6 Scratch marks visible, slight scuffing, no accumulation of fiber at the points of reversal
5 Scratch marks visible, moderate scuffing, light accumulation of fiber at the points of reversal
4 Scratch marks visible, severe scuffing, clear accumulation of fiber at the points of reversal
3 -
2 Fibers abraded, clear accumulation of fiber at the points of reversal
1 -
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Figure B1: Dimensions of Test Scraper (all dimensions in millimeters (mm))
Note: Item 1 = Cutting Edge.
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Figure B2: Photo Standard for Resistance to Scraping of Velour Carpets, Accumulation of Pile Fibers
Note: NOK = Not OK.

Appendix C: Coding B – Test Brush
C1 Typical Application
Flat carpets (e.g., needle fleece carpet).
C2 Test Brush Design

A test brush with defined bristles made of brass shall be used. The brush definition is:
 Brass brush, wooden back, three trimming rows
 Trimming material: Brass wire, undulated
 Wire thickness: 0.2 mm
 Trimming height: 19.0 mm
 Middle row: 1 × 7 wire bundles
 Outer rows: 2 × 6 wire bundles
 Wire bundle: 40 wires to 50 wires
Example brush compliant to the preceding requirement is: Article Number NW841023 at Rüger Industriebedarf,
Stahlstr. 26-28, 65428 Rüsselsheim, Germany (www.rueger-industriebedarf.com).
The brush shall be inspected for integrity prior to each test and replaced at least once per year, depending on
frequency of usage and base material to be tested.
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C3 Rating and Evaluation

The evaluation shall be performed visually using the rating in Table C1 as well as the photo standard for needle
fleece carpet in Figure C1.
Table C1: Rating – Coding B

Rating Definition
10 No change
9 -
8 Visible mark caused by scraping with no pull-out of the fibers
7 -
6 Visible mark caused by scraping with fibers merged in composite
5 Visible mark caused by scraping with flaking, separation or detachment of individual fibers
Loss of design intent, clear blurring of the pattern, visible flaking, separation or detachment of
4
fibers
3 -
Loss of design intent, extreme blurring of the pattern, visible flaking, separation or detachment
2
of fibers
1 -

Figure C1: Photo Standard for Resistance to Scraping of Needle Fleece Carpets
Rating 10 Rating 8
Rating 6 Rating 5
Rating 4 Rating 2
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Appendix D: Coding C – Test Ball
D1 Typical Application
Laminated fabric.
D2 Test Ball Design

A test ball with a suitable fixing device (see Figure D1) covered with a membrane rubber shall be used.
Figure D1: Fixing Device for Membrane Rubber (all dimensions in millimeters (mm))
D > 10
R = 15.8 ± 0.1
B
Where:
A = Membrane or Fabric used as test media
B = Ball of a hard material, e.g., a steel ball or a hard plastic ball with > 80 Shore D (ISO 868)
C = Fixture with external screw thread to attach the ball adapter
D = Ball adapter with internal screw thread to be attached to the fixture
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D2.1 The Membrane Rubber Shall Meet the Specification: See Table D1.
Table D1: Rubber content in Parts per Hundred Rubber (PHR)
Standard Malaysian Rubber (SMR) CV60 Natural Rubber (NR) 100.0 PHR
Zinc Oxide (ZnO) 5.0 PHR
Stearic acid 2.0 PHR
Antiozonant (wax) 1.5 PHR

Antiozonant (Cyclic Acetal)
1.5 PHR
Vulkazon AFS available from Lanxess Company
Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) 5.0 PHR
Cyclohexyl Benzothiazole Sulphenamid (CBS) 1.5 PHR
Tetramethyl Thiuram Monosulphide (TMTD) 0.2 PHR
Sulfur 2.0 PHR
Total: 118.7 PHR

Note: CV = Controlled Viscosity.
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D2.2 Manufacture 2 mm Sheets and Vulcanize for 10 Minutes at +150 °C. The sheets must fulfill the
requirements per Table D2.
Table D2: Sheet Requirements

Hardness to ISO 7619-1 (40 ± 3) Shore A
Elongation at Break to ISO 37, Type 2 dumbbell, ≥ 500%
200 mm/minute ± 20 mm/minute
Tensile Strength to ISO 37, Type 2 dumbbell, ≥ 20 MPa
200 mm/minute ± 20 mm/minute
Compression Set to ISO 815, Type B test piece, ≤ 20%
+70 °C ± 3 °C, 24 h, -2 h, 25% compressed
GM approved source for this membrane rubber is:
 Article Number 750, Rubber Membrane available at EMPA Testmaterialien AG, Moevenstrasse 12, CH-9015
St. Gallen, Switzerland
The membrane shall be inspected for integrity prior to each test and replaced at least once per year, depending
on frequency of usage and base material to be tested.
D3 Test Procedure Addition

None.

D4 Rating and Evaluation

The evaluation shall be performed visually using the rating in Table D3 as well as the photo standard for
laminated fabric in Figure D2.
Table D3: Rating – Coding C

Rating Description
10 No change
9 -
8 Light friction traces visible, no pulling out of the fibers
7 -
6 Light friction traces visible, bristle up of individual fibers
5 Friction traces, pull-out of individual fibers
4 Friction traces, pull-out of fibers, indication of bearding (twisted fibers)
3 -
2 Clear friction traces, strong pulling-out of fibers, bearding (twisted fibers)
1 -
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Figure D2: Photo Standard for Resistance to Rubbing of Fabric
Rating 10 Rating 8
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Rating 6 Rating 5
Rating 4 Rating 2

Appendix E: Coding D – Test Wedge with Sandpaper (Short Stroke Length)
E1 Typical Application
Abrasion protection textile sleeves.
E2 Test Material
For some specimens (e.g., hoses with large diameters) it is necessary to support the hose (e.g., with a mandrel)
to avoid deformation of the specimen during abrasion test. An appropriate support shall be used. A thin wire or
an adhesive tape are allowed to fix the cut protective hose material beyond the test area.
E3 Test Wedge Design

A test wedge with the same geometry as illustrated in Figure E1 shall be employed. This wedge shall be covered
with sandpaper from the manufacturer, Carborundum-Dilumit Schleiftechnik GmbH in Düsseldorf, Germany
(Designation: silicon carbide abrasive paper, coarseness 320) or sandpaper of identical abrasive effect as the
specified one.
E4 Test Procedure Addition

Before each test and every 100 strokes, the test wedge shall be wrapped in new sandpaper.
E5 Rating and Evaluation

The number of strokes to cause a hole in the specimen is determined. The abrasive strength of protective hose
material shall be indicated as the number of strokes required for hole formation and shall be expressed as the
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arithmetic average of multiple test results or as the individual result rounded to the nearest 50 strokes. The
number of strokes is stipulated in the relevant test specifications or drawings.
Figure E1: Dimensions of Test Wedge (all dimensions in millimeters (mm))

Appendix F: Coding E – Test Wedge with Sandpaper (Long Stroke Length)
F1 Typical Application
Supported plastic rolled goods (PRG).
F2 Test Wedge Design

See Appendix E, Coding D. The test wedge is covered with the sandpaper as for Coding D.
F3 Test Specimen and Fixture

Instead of the test specimen clamps (Figure 1, Item 4) a fixing plate per Figure F1 is used to mount the specimen.
The steel cylinder is used to simulate creases.
F4 Test Procedure Addition

Before each test and every 50 strokes, the test wedge shall be wrapped in new sandpaper.
F5 Rating and Evaluation

The evaluation shall be performed visually. The areas adjacent to the points where the strokes are reversed
(approximately 5 mm before the end of each stroke) shall be ignored. After completion of the test, there shall be
a continuous coating remaining upon the base material, and the base material shall not be visible through the
coating at any point.
Figure F1: Fixing Plate with Steel Cylinder (all dimensions in millimeters (mm))
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Note: Item 1 = Steel cylinder

Appendix G: Coding G – Test Wedge with Artificial Buttock Cover Fabric
G1 Typical Application
Upholstery materials (e.g., supported plastic rolled goods (PRG)).
G2 Test Wedge Design

See Appendix E, Coding D. The test wedge is covered with artificial buttock cover fabric. This cover fabric is a
linen fabric supported by approximately 5 mm of polyether foam of density 32 kg/m3 to 38 kg/m3 (GMW15058,
E3.)
G2.1 Fabric Specifications.
 Mass per area Approximately 500 g/m²
 Thickness Approximately 1 mm
 Thread configuration 18 warp by 12 weft yarns per square centimeter (cm 2)
 Weave Linen
 Material 100% Cotton
 Tear strength, warp and weft 250 N/cm to 300 N/cm
 Elongation at break
Warp Approximately 30%
Weft Approximately 10%
GM approved source for this fabric/cloth is:
 Number 10 Oceanic Duck Cloth from Testfabrics, Incorporated, www.testfabrics.com
G3 Test Specimen and Fixture

Instead of the test specimen clamps (Figure 1, Item 4) a clamping tool able to induce pretension on the specimen
per Figure G2 is used. The specimens must be cut the size to fit the clamping tool (Figure G1). Materials under
test with a thickness of ≤ 3 mm shall be supported with foam density 32 kg/m3 to 38 kg/m3 (GMW15058, E3)
GM approved source for this foam is:
 Van Clewe Textilveredlung, Dingden, Germany, www.van-clewe.de
G4 Test Procedure Addition

Change the artificial buttock cover fabric at the start of test and every 1000 strokes. Set the pretension of the
specimen according to the required pretension in the material specification. If no pretension is given, set it to
25 mm.
G5 Rating and Evaluation

The evaluation shall be performed visually using the photo standard for upholstery materials in Figure G3.
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Figure G1: Specimen Dimensions (all dimensions in millimeters (mm))

220
170
Ø 13
105
30
A A
140
Note: A = Marking lines

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Figure G2: Clamping Tool (all dimensions in millimeters (mm))
140 ~ 30
A A
F G
~ 70
34
C
200
Ø 10
70
100
34
15
R80
Where:
A = Fasteners (two per side)
B = Test wedge
C = Adjusting screw
D = Specimen meeting specified dimensions per Figure G1
E = Direction of movement of test carriage
F = Pretension of specimen adjusted using the adjusting screw (C), the up arching shall be 19 mm ± 1 mm
G = Height adjustable support for the specimen
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Figure G3: Photo Standard for Supported Plastic Rolled Goods (PRG)
A B
A. Example of non-damaged artificial B. Example of heavily damaged artificial
leather/leather material. Only very slight gloss leather/leather material, (NOK).
accepted, (OK).
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Appendix H: Coding H – Test Wedge with Paper Clip (Marring with Linear Abrasion
Tester)
H1 Typical Application
Instrument Panel (IP) materials (e.g., IP foil).
H2 Test Specimen and Fixture

Code H shall be executed per GMW14130.
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Appendix J: Coding I – Test Wedge with Wool Felt
J1 Typical Application
Silicon Rubber Button Pads as used on buttons for radio, etc.
J2 Test Wedge Design

Wool felt to DIN 61200, hardness H1. The felt disc shall be 10 mm in diameter and 10 mm thick.
J3 Test Specimen and Fixture

A fixture that enables the test piece to be securely clamped so that, during test, the rubbing face of the felt pad
and the test surface of the test piece lie in the one plane.
Suitable fixing can be made with a rigid two component polyester resin. When using the embedding material,
the relevant safety procedures shall be observed.
J3.1 Prepare sections of approximately 18 mm length cuts from aluminum or plastic tubes (internal diameter
approximately 25 mm to carry the embedding material).
J3.2 Place suitable paper on a smooth and flat surface and place the tube section, which shall be slightly greased
on its internal face, on the paper, such that the axis of the tube is perpendicular to the paper surface.
J3.3 Prepare the embedding material as described in respective instruction and fill the tube section up to its rim.
J3.4 Place the test piece on the embedding material, ensuring that no air bubbles are entrapped under the test
piece, and that it is not deformed. The surface of the test piece must be plane parallel to the bottom.
J3.5 The mounted test piece shall be maintained at +23 °C ± 5 °C for at least 2 h, or until it has reached an
equilibrium temperature within this range.
J3.6 Press the cured embedded material out of the tube section. Remove an excess resin material so that the
test piece is approximately 0.5 mm above the surface of the embedding material. See Figures J1 and J2 for
embedded test sample.
Figure J1: View on Test Sample Surface
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Figure J2: Test Sample Embedded in Resin, Side View
J4 Test Procedure Addition

A new felt disc shall be used for every test. The test shall be discontinued when noticeable wear is observed or
the number of strokes specified have been completed. Reference Figure J3.
Figure J3: Test Piece with Rubbing Felt
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J5 Rating and Evaluation

The evaluation shall be performed visually. After completion of the test, there shall be a continuous coating
remaining upon the base material, and the base material shall not be visible through the coating at any point.

Appendix K: Coding K – X6, CS10 Weardisc
K1 Typical Application
Decorative trim finishes or coatings, high and low gloss.
K2 Test Media
CS10 Weardisc 18 mm diameter, affixed to a 24.5 mm diameter, flat universal adapter with foam 2-sided tape
(132654 foam tape available from Taber Industries, www.taberindustries.com.) Recommend using T-Slot
Universal Table attached to Linear Abraser. See Figure K1.
K3 Test Procedure
K3.1 The CS10 Weardisc shall be re-surfaced prior to first use and prior to each test.
K3.1.1 Resurface with the manufacturers recommended sandpaper, refacing strips, S-14, affixed to a test panel
to stabilize the panel before each test sample. Use a new sandpaper strip for each re-surfacing. See Figure K2.
K3.1.2 Resurface using 4 N force at 25 cycles per minute for 5 cycles (for the Taber Linear Abraser Model 5750
this is 0 g additional weight to the 250 g standard stainless steel spline shaft with weight holder and 100 g
universal adapter.)
K3.1.3 Gently remove (brush lightly with soft paint brush such as Taber Hand Brush, S-12) the loose material
from the surface of the CS10 Weardisc prior to use, taking care not to get the crumbs on the surface of the test
piece.
K3.2 Ensure the surface of the test specimen is clean of fingerprints and debris. Wipe with clean, dry microfiber
cloth as appropriate.
K3.3 Mark the area of the gloss measurement to help place the test specimen on the test equipment. To do so,
place the gloss meter in the center of the test sample and trace the entire perimeter of the meter with a
contrasting marker or colored pencil. See Figure K3. Measure and record the gloss of the test piece in the test
zone, parallel to the direction of travel, where the abrasion will occur with the gloss angle as specified in the
material specification. If none is specified, record the gloss readings at 20 degree, 60 degree, and 85 degree
angles immediately. Repeat gloss readings and record at 20 degree, 60 degree, and 85 degree after allowing
the panel to sit for 1 h± 5 minutes unless otherwise specified.
Note: If gloss meter opening is not located in center of bottom, consult with GM Materials Engineering to ensure
test method is repeatable.
K3.4 Turn on the laser feature on the machine to utilize the laser to locate the center of test zone. Clamp the
test specimen to the surface of the tester taking care that the wear area will be in the correct area, where the
gloss was measured. See Figure K4.
K3.5 Subject the test specimen to 10 cycles, 75 mm long, at 25 cycles per minute with the CS10 Weardisc with
8.3 N ± 0.5 N total force (for the Taber Linear Abraser Model 5750 this is 500 g ± 10 g additional weight to the
standard stainless steel spline shaft with weight holder and universal adapter.)
K3.6 After test, brush lightly as in K3.1.3 the test surface removing any crumbs of the test and measure and
record the gloss in the test zone as in K3.3.
K4 Rating and Evaluation

Calculate the percent gloss loss and change in gloss units. Report according to the criteria required in the
material specification; this can be expressed as change in gloss units, percent gloss loss or other.
Percent Gloss Loss = (Final - Initial)/(Initial) × 100
Change in Gloss Units = Final - Initial
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Figure K1: Test Media
Figure K2: Resurface Setup

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Figure K3: Gloss Meter Locating
Figure K4: Test Sample Setup
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Template For ENG STDS

Linear Abrasion Testing

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Figure 1: Arrangements of Test Apparatus

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3.3 Test Vehicle/Test Piece.

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TiO2 Titanium Dioxide

9 Release and Revisions

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A1 Test Media, Stroke Length, Number of Cycles, Speed

A2 Test Scraper with width, X = 10 mm See 50 ± 1 10 30

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Table A2: Coding of Pressure Force

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Appendix B: Coding – A1, A2 and A3, Test Scraper

B2 Test Scraper Design

B3 Test Procedure Addition

B4 Rating and Evaluation

Table B1: Rating – Coding A

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Figure B1: Dimensions of Test Scraper (all dimensions in millimeters (mm))

Note: Item 1 = Cutting Edge.

Note: NOK = Not OK.

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Appendix C: Coding B – Test Brush

C2 Test Brush Design

C3 Rating and Evaluation

Table C1: Rating – Coding B

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Appendix D: Coding C – Test Ball

D2 Test Ball Design

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Table D1: Rubber content in Parts per Hundred Rubber (PHR)

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) 5.0 PHR

Stearic acid 2.0 PHR

Antiozonant (wax) 1.5 PHR