Statistical Physics, mcq Bank 1

If X is discrete random variable (assume any of a discrete set of values xi

with p i the probability corresponding to xi)

n
Average value (expected value) = E ( X ) =  xi pi
i =1

E( x + c) = E( x) + c , E(cx) = cE( x) , c = constant

Variance = mean square deviation
Variance = V ( X ) = E (( X − E ( X )) 2 ) = E ( X 2 ) − ( E ( X )) 2
Standard deviation =  = V ( X ) = E (( X − E ( X )) 2 )
V ( X + c) = Var (c)
V (cX ) = c 2V ( X )

If X and Y are independent random variables, then:

E( X  Y ) = E( X )  E(Y )
E( XY ) = E( X )E(Y )

44 + 85 = 129

Choose the correct answer (44)

Consider a quantitative discrete property i, represented by an ensemble of
n members and ni is the number of members having property i.

1- The number of students in a class is:

A) Continuous variable B) Definite variable
C) Discrete variable D) Non of these.

2- A variable that can assume any possible value between two points
is called:
A) Discrete random variable B) Continuous random variable
C) Discrete sample space D) Random variable
Statistical Physics, mcq Bank 2

3- A variable whose value is determined by the outcome of a random

experiment is called:
A) Random variable B) Constant
C) Constant variable D) Random

4- A random variable that can assume a finite number of values is

called:
A) Random variable B) Continuous random variable
C) Discrete random variable D) Non of these

5- The speed of the car is an example of:

A) Continuous variable B) Discrete variable
C) Absolute variable D) Non of these

6- The probability Pi of a certain property i is defined as:

n n n n
A) pi  i B) pi  i C) pi   i i D) pi 
n n + ni n ni

7- If property i occurs in no members of the ensemble, then its

probability is;
A)  0 B) = 0 C)  0 D)  0

8- If property i occurs in all members of the ensemble, then its

probability is:
A)  1 B) = 0 C) = 1 D)  1

9- For mutually exclusive discrete properties, the probability of

either property i or property j is Pi or j = ........
Pi
A) Pi + Pj B) Pi  Pj C) Pi − Pj D)
Pj

10- For mutually exclusive discrete properties, the probability of

either property i or property j is : Pi or j = ..........
Statistical Physics, mcq Bank 3

ni or j ni + n j
A) Pi + Pj B) C) D) All of these
n n

11- The average value of g over the entire ensemble: is defined as:
A) g =  ni gi B) g =  gi C) g =  ni D) g =  ni gi
1 1 1
i n i n i n i

12- The average value of g over the entire ensemble: is defined as:
A) g =  Pgi i B) g   Pi gi C) g   Pi gi D) g = 2 Pg i i
i i i i

13- The deviation of gi for a particular choice of i is given by symbol

 g i as:
A)  g  g i − g B)  g = g i − g C)  g  g i − g D)  g  g i − g

14- The mean of the absolute value of the deviation  g is always:

A)  0 B) < 0 C) = 1 D)  0

15- The mean square deviation (variance) ,  g 2 is always :

A) > 0 B) = 1 C) < 0 D) = 1

16- For uncorrelated properties i and j , the joint probability Pij is:
Pi
A) Pi + Pj B) PP
i j C) D) Pi  Pj
Pj
17- For uncorrelated discrete properties i,j,k,…..,s , the joint
probability Pij,k,…..,s is:
A) Pi + Pj + Pk + ..... + Ps B) Pi  Pj  Pk  ......  Ps
C) PP
i j Pk .......Ps D) Pi − Pj − Pk − ..... − Ps
Statistical Physics, mcq Bank 4

18- For uncorrelated continuous properties x, y, z,....., s , the joint

probability factors f ( x, y, z,....., s) = .......
A) f ( x) f ( y)  f ( z,...., s) B) f ( x) f ( y) f ( z)..... f (s)
C) f ( x) + f ( y) + f ( z) + ..... + f (s) C) f ( x) f ( y) + f ( z,...., s)

19- For uncorrelated continuous properties x, y , the joint probability

factors f ( x, y) = .......
A) f ( x) − f ( y) B) f ( x) f ( y) C) f ( x) / f ( y) D) f ( x)  f ( y)

20- The microcanonical ensemble is completely described by.

A) N, V, E B) N, V, T
C) N, V, µ D) Non of these

21- The canonical ensemble is completely described by.

A) N, V, E B) N, V, T
C) N, V, µ D) Non of these

22- The grand canonical ensemble is completely described by.

A) N, V, E B) N, V, T
C) N, V, µ D) Non of these

23- The partition function Q is given by:

A) Q =  e−  Ei B) Q =  e− Ei / kT
i i

C) Q = 
all N-particle
e −  Estate
D) All of these
quantum states

24- The statistical mechanical expression of the entropy may be given

as: S = ..........
Statistical Physics, mcq Bank 5

A) k i PlnP
i i B) −k i PlnP
i i C)  PlnP
i i i D) k i PlnP
i i

25- The statistical mechanical expression of the entropy may be given

as: S = ..........
A) −kln P B) kln P C) kln P D) k 2 ln P

26- If the system is certainly in a definite quantum state then, all the
members of the ensemble must be in a definite quantum state j and
Pj = ....... .
A) 0 B) 1 C) > 1 D) > 0

27- If the system is certainly in a definite quantum state then: S = .......

A)  1 B)  1 C) 0 D) 1

28- If the system is certainly in a definite quantum state then: S = .......

A)  1 B)  1 C) > 0 D) Non of these

29- The number of bosons that can be in the same particle state;
A) 1 B) 0 C) 2 D) Any integral value between 0, N

30- The number of fermions that can be in the same particle state;
A) 1 B) 0 C) 0 or 1 D) All of these

31- All fermions have spin ≡ …………..

A) 1 × ½ B) 2 × ½ C) 3× ½ D) Odd number × ½

32- All bosons have spin ≡ …………

A) 1 × ½ B) 2 × ½ C) 4× ½ D) Even number × ½

33- Occupation number of fermions is N = .......... :

e(−i ) e(−i ) e(−i )
A) B) C) D) Non of these
1  e(−i ) 1 + e(−i ) 1 − e(−i )
Statistical Physics, mcq Bank 6

34- Occupation number of bosons is N = .......... :

e(−i ) e(−i )
A) (−i )
B) (−i )
C) e(−i ) D) Non of these
1− e 1+ e

35- In case of Boltzmann approximation, the occupation number of

fermions or bosons is N = ..........

e(−i ) e(−i )
A) B) C) e(−i ) D) Non of these
1  e(−i ) 1 + e(−i )

36- If X is discrete random variable, then the expected value E( X ) is:

n n n n
A) 
i =1
pi B)  ( xi + pi )
i =1
C)  ( xi − pi )
i =1
D) x p
i =1
i i

37- If X and Y are discrete random variables then E( X + Y ) is equal

to:
A) E( X )  E(Y ) B) E( X ) + E(Y ) C) X + Y D) E( X ) + Y

38- If X is discrete random variable, a and b are constants then

E(aX + b) is equal to:
A) E(aX ) + E(b) B) E(aX ) + b C) aE( X ) + b D) Non of these

39- If X is discrete random variable, c is constant then E( X + c) is:

A) E( X ) B) E( X ) + c C) cE ( X ) D) cE( X ) + c

40- If X is discrete random variable, c is constant then cE ( X ) is:

A) E( X ) B) E( X ) + c C) cE ( X ) D) cE( X )  c

41- Given E( X ) = 5 and E(Y ) = −2 then E(Y − X ) is equal to :

A) 3 B) 5 C) -7 D) -2
Statistical Physics, mcq Bank 7

42- If X is discrete random variable, which of the following is not

possible in probability distribution?
n n
A) pi  0 B) 
i =1
pi C) x p
i =1
i i =2 D) pi = −0.5

43- If c is a constant, then E(c) is:

A) 0 B) 1 C) 2c D) c

44- If X is discrete random variable then, Var ( X ) is equal to:

A) E (( X − E ( X )) 2 ) B) E ( X 2 ) − 2 E ( X )

C) E ( X ) − ( E ( X ) ) ( )
D) E X 2  ( E ( X ) )
2 2

45- If X is discrete random variable, c is constant then Var ( X + c ) is

equal to:
A) Var ( cX ) B) Var ( X )

C) Var ( c 2 X ) D) Var ( 2cX )

46- If X is a random variable, c is constant then Var ( cX ) is equal to:

A) Var ( X ) B) cVar ( X )
C) c2Var ( X ) D) Var ( c 2 X )

47- If X is a random variable then, Var ( 2 − 3 X ) is equal to:

A) 2 − Var ( 3 X ) B) Var(2) −Var(3X )
C) 2 − 3Var ( X ) D) 9Var ( X )

48- A continuous probability can be represented by:

A) Constant B) Graph C) Table D) Non of these

44- If X is discrete random variable, then V ( X ) = .........

Statistical Physics, mcq Bank 8

A) ( E ( X )) 2 B) E (( X − E ( X )) 2 )
C) E (( X − E ( X )) 2 ) D) Non of these

45- A discrete probability distribution can be represented by:

A) Mathematical equation B) Graph C) Table D) All of these

**************************************

Answer the following statements with true or false. (85)

1- The probability P of a certain property is defined to be the fraction

of members of the ensemble having that property (true)
2- The probability P of a certain property is defined as:
number of members of ensmble with property
P . (true)
total number of members of ensemble
ni
3- The probability Pi of a certain property i is defined as: pi 
n
(true)
4- If property i occurs in no members of the ensemble, then its
probability is zero. (true)
5- If property i occurs in all members of the ensemble, then its
probability is unity: (true)
6- Discrete properties i and j are said to be mutually exclusive if no
member of the ensemble can have both properties. (true)
Statistical Physics, mcq Bank 9

7- For mutually exclusive discrete properties, the probability of

ni or j
either property i or property j is Pi or j = = Pi + Pj (true)
n
8- For mutually exclusive discrete properties, the probability of
ni or j
either property i or property j is Pi or j = = Pi  Pj (false)
n
9- The joint probability Pij for the value i for the first property and j

ni and j
for the second is: Pij  (true)
n
10- For uncorrelated discrete properties, the joint probability:
Pij = PP
i j and also Pij k ...s = PP
i j Pk .....Ps .

(true)
11- A single-property probability Pi is obtained from a joint
probability Pij by the relation: Pi =  j Pij or Pj = i Pij (true)

12- The average value of g over the entire ensemble: is defined as:
1
g=  gi members
n all members
(true).
of ensemble

13- The average value of g over the entire ensemble: is defined as:
1
g=  ni gi
n i
(true)

14- The average value of g over the entire ensemble: is defined as:
g =  Pg
i i (true)
i
Statistical Physics, mcq Bank 10

15- The deviation of gi for a particular choice of i is given by the

symbol  g i as:  gi  gi − g (true)

16- The mean deviation  g i is always equal zero (true)

17- The average of the absolute value of the deviation,  g not equal

zero (true) .

18- The mean square deviation (variance) ,  g 2 is positive quantity.

(true)
19- The probability of a value between x and x + dx is proportional to
the size of dx. (true)
20- The probability of a value between x and x + dx  f ( x)dx where
f(x) the distribution function. (true)
21- If the properties described by the ensemble take continuous values,


the average of a function g(x) is given by : g =  dxf ( x) g ( x) ,

−

(true)
22- The complete distribution function f s ( x, y , z ,...., s ) can be

reduced to lower order distribution functions. (true)


23- f ( x) =  dydz....ds f ( x, y, z,...., s)
−
s (true)


24- f ( x) =  dxdydz....ds f ( x, y, z,...., s)
−
s (false)
Statistical Physics, mcq Bank 11


25- f ( x, y) =  dz....ds f ( x, y, z,...., s)
−
s (true)

26- For uncorrelated continuous properties x and y , the joint

probability factors
f ( x, y) = f ( x) f ( y) (true)
27- For uncorrelated continuous properties x and y , the joint
probability factors
f ( x, y, z,....., s) = f ( x) f ( y) f ( z)..... f (s) (true)
28- The ensemble average of h(w,z) in terms of an integral over

f4(w,x,y,z) is: h(w, z) = 
−
f (w, x, y, z)h(w, z)dwdxdydz (true)

29- The ensemble average of h(w,z) in terms of an integral over f(w,z)


is: h(w, z) = =  f (w, z)h(w, z)dwdz (true)
−
30- Any system isolated from the rest of the world will run down and
reach equilibrium. (true)

31- The microcanonical ensemble represents an isolated equilibrium

system and completely described by N, V, E. (true)

32- The canonical ensemble represents a system of N particles in a

volume V and in a thermal contact with a very large heat reservoir
of temperature T. (true)

33- The grand canonical ensemble is completely described by V, T and

chemical potential µ. (true)

34- The grand canonical ensemble is completely described by N, V, T

and chemical potential µ. (false)
Statistical Physics, mcq Bank 12

35- The partition function Q is given by: Q =  e−  Ei (true)

i

36- The sum over all states of e− Estate / kT is called the partition function.
(true)

37- The ensemble average E of N-particle system and constant

  ln Q 
volume V may be given by: E = −   . (true)
  V , N

38- The ensemble average E of N-particle system and constant

volume V may be given by: E =  PE
i i . (true)
i

39- The statistical mechanical expression of the entropy may be given

as: S = −k i Pi lnPi (true)
40- The statistical mechanical expression of the entropy may be given
as: S = k i PlnP
i i (false)
41- The statistical mechanical expression of the entropy may be given
as: S = −kln P (true)
42- The statistical mechanical expression of the entropy may be given
as: S = kln P (false)
43- If the system is certainly in a definite quantum state then, all the
members of the ensemble must be in a definite quantum state j and
Pj = 1 . (true)
44- If the system is certainly in a definite quantum state then: S = 0
(true)
45- If the system is certainly in a definite quantum state then: S = 1
(false)

46- Identical particles means that the particles that make up a gas or
liquid are completely indistinguishable, (true)
Statistical Physics, mcq Bank 13

47- The quantum state of the N-Particle system is not changed if two
identical particles are simply interchanged. (true)

48- Occupation number defined as the number of particles occupying

the various particle states. (true)

49- The interchange of two fermions leads to an N-particle wave

function that is the negative of its value before interchange,
 →− (true)
50- The interchange of two bosons leads to an N-particle wave
function that is the same as its value before interchange.  →
(true)
51- No two fermions can be in the same particle state. (true)
52- More than one fermions can be in the same particle state.
(false)
53- The only possible value for the occupation number of fermions is
0 or 1. (true)
54- Any number of bosons can be in the same particle state; (true)
55- Occupation number for bosons can take any integral value
between 0 and N. (true)
56- All fermions have spin ≡ odd number× ½ (true)
57- Electrons, protons and neutrons are examples of fundamental
particles of fermions. . (true)
(−i )
e
58- Occupation number of fermions is (true)
1 + e(−i )
e(−i )
59- Occupation number of bosons is (true)
1 − e(−i )
60- In case of Boltzmann approximation, the occupation number of
fermions or bosons is N = e(−i ) (true)
61- All bosons have spin ≡ even number × ½. (true)
62- Photons are example of fundamental particles of bosons.
(true)
63- Using Boltzmann statistics the ratio of populations of states i and
−(  − )/ kT
j is given by, Ni / N j = e i j (true)
Statistical Physics, mcq Bank 14

64- H+, D are examples of fermions. (true)

65- H, H2 are examples of bosons. (true)
66- 4He, D2 are examples of bosons (true)
n
67- If X is discrete random variable, then E ( X ) =  xi pi . (true)
i =1

68- If X is discrete random variable and c is a constant, then

E( X + c) = E( X ) + c . (true)
69- If X is discrete random variable and c is a constant, then
E( X + c) = E( X ) + c . (true)
70- If X is discrete random variable and c is a constant, then
E(c X ) = cE( X ) . (true)
71- If X and Y are discrete random variables then
E( X + Y ) = E( X ) + E(Y ) . (true)
72- If X and Y are discrete random variables then
E( X + Y ) = E( X )  E(Y ) . (false)
73- If X is discrete random variable, then V ( X ) = E (( X − E ( X )) 2 ) .
(true)
74- If X is discrete random variable, then V ( X ) = E (( X  E ( X )) 2 ) .
(false)
75- If X is discrete random variable, then V ( X ) = E ( X )  ( E ( X )) . (false)
2 2

76- If X is discrete random variable, then V ( X ) = E ( X 2 ) − ( E ( X )) 2 .

(true)
77- If X is discrete random variable, then V ( X ) = E ( X 2 )  ( E ( X )) 2 .
(false)
78- If X is discrete random variable, then V ( X ) = E ( X 2 ) − ( E ( X )) 2 .
(true)
79- If X is discrete random variable, then V ( X ) = E ( X 2 )  ( E ( X )) 2 .
(false)
80- The probabilities p i of a discrete random variables xi satisfy the
condition:: 0  pi  1 . (true)
Statistical Physics, mcq Bank 15

81- The probabilities p i of a discrete random variables xi satisfy the

n
condition: p
i =1
i =1 . (true)

82- If X is discrete random variable, c is constant then

Var ( X + c ) = Var ( X ) . (true)
83- If X is discrete random variable, c is constant then
Var ( X + c ) = Var (cX ) .(false)
84- If X is a random variable, c is constant then Var ( cX ) is equal to
c 2Var ( X ) . (true)
85- If X is a random variable, c is constant then Var ( cX ) is equal to
cVar ( X ) . (false)