Research - Chapter - I, II, III

MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE
School of Business and Management P ag e | 14

Tanza, Boac, Marinduque
Entrepreneurial Competencies Assessment Among the Out-of-School Youths of
Barangay Bachao Ibaba, Gasan, Marinduque: Basis for Entrepreneurship Training
Program
A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of
Institute of Accountancy, Business Administration
And Tourism Management
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Degree of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration
Zaich Harelle M. Valencia

CHAPTER I
The Problem and Its Background
This chapter aims to present the Introduction, Statement of the Problem, Scope
and Limitation of the Study, Significance of the Study, and Definition of Terms.
Introduction
Nowadays every kid is required by law to attend a formal school where he or she
desires. Every child's education should be guaranteed and supported by the
government. As a result, the Department of Education provides free education to all
students. However, some private institutions do not implement this policy because they
are concerned about the teachers’ salaries.
Enrollment in public schools is free of charge for elementary and secondary
school students. This may account for high school enrollment; yet, many impoverished
families are unable to fund their children's auxiliary school requirements, despite the
fact that enrollment is high. The reason for out-of-school youth is because of family
troubles that compels a youngster to work earlier than they should.
The Alternative Learning System (ALS) is a program run by the Department of
Education for out-of-school adolescents, in which all non-schoolers are offered the
chance to attend school. Even those who are already married may enroll in this
program to get a diploma that will assist them in finding a better career. Those who
have dropped out of elementary or secondary school may be able to enter tertiary
school if they pass the test.
In line with that, the researcher aims to determine the Entrepreneurial
Competencies Assessment among the Out-of-School Youths of Barangay Bachao
Ibaba, Gasan, Marinduque and at the same time propose an Entrepreneurship Training
Program. The purpose of this program is to address the out of school youth
demographics in Bachao Ibaba, Gasan to become productive individuals through
entrepreneurship. It will help young Filipinos develop their entrepreneurial skills by
offering them a comprehensive package of interventions.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to evaluate the Entrepreneurial Competencies Assessment
among the Out-of-School Youths of Barangay Bachao Ibaba, Gasan, Marinduque.
This study specifically aims to answer of the following question:
1. What is the profile of the respondents based on the following demographics?
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Highest educational attainment

2. What is the level of personal entrepreneurial competencies of the respondents as to:
2.1 Opportunity seeking
2.2 Persistence
2.3 Commitment to work contract
2.4 Demand for quality and efficiency
2.5 Risk taking
2.6 Goal setting
2.7 Information seeking
2.8 Systematic planning and monitoring
2.9 Persuasion and networking
2.10 Self-confidence
3. Is there a significant relationship between the levels of personal entrepreneurial
competencies and the demographic profile of the respondents?
4. What entrepreneurship training program can be developed?
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study is primarily concerned with the Entrepreneurial Competencies
Assessment among the Out-of-School Youths of Barangay Bachao Ibaba, Gasan,

Marinduque. It aims to assess their personal entrepreneurial competencies such as,
Opportunity seeking, Persistence, Commitment to work contract, Demand for quality
and efficiency, Risk taking, Goal setting, Information seeking, Systematic planning and
monitoring, Persuasion and networking, and self-confidence.
The respondents of this study are limited to Entrepreneurial Competencies
Assessment among the Out-of-School Youths of Barangay Bachao Ibaba, Gasan,
Marinduque. Each of the respondents was given a self-rating questionnaire to answer.
This will concentrate on its main goal and related sub-problems, with no intention of
obtaining information beyond the primary goal of the study. The information gathered
will be kept confidential to the greatest extent possible and will require proper
disclosure.
Significance of the Study
Valid results of this study could be highly significant and beneficial specifically to
the following:
To the Department of Social Welfare and Development, as it will help them in
piloting the new peer to peer approach, with the goal of more effectively reaching out-of-
school youth. It will assist them in devising a plan of action, whether they need to
establish programs and activities to enhance entrepreneurial skills of them or they need
to stabilize the current one.
To the out-of-school youth in Bachao Ibaba, to determine and aims to train and
involve the youth in labor intensive infrastructure programs in Barangay Bachao Ibaba,
Gasan they’re through hands on training, the youths are introduced to the values of
discipline, hard work and labor
To Bachao Ibaba, as it will help them to assist their Out-of-School Youth to attain
and improve their personal entrepreneurial competencies. Also, it will improve their
entrepreneurial skills and contribute in attaining community stability.
To the future Researchers, it will give them an opportunity to aid the study’s
impact on their field of research. The new knowledge can contribute in identifying the
gap that needed to be address regarding entrepreneurial skills.
Definition of Terms
For the purpose of clarification, the important terms used in this study have been
defined.
Entrepreneurial skills. A process that can include a wide range of skill sets such as
technical talents, leadership and business management skills, and creative thinking.
Out of school youth. A person is not attending school, whereas out-of-school
youngsters are people aged 15 to 24 who are not attending school and are not working.
Opportunity seeking. A one-of-a-kind opportunity to meet both consumers' demands
and desires. Every challenge is viewed as an opportunity to exercise one's imagination
by seeking acceptable answers rather than as an obstacle to success.
Persistence. Always maintains a very energetic and positive attitude toward any
consequence or problem that may arise along the route.
Commitment to work contract. A person who takes full responsibility for a problem in
finishing a project for a customer, pitches in with the workers or works with them to get a
job done on time, expresses a strong concern for the customer's satisfaction, and
makes deliveries of goods and services on time.
Demand for quality and efficiency. Acts to reach or even exceed existing standards of
excellence while also improving on previous performances, aiming to accomplish things
better, faster, and cheaper.
Risk taking. A risk taker, but not in the context of speculation or gambling, but in the
management of human and nonhuman resources for the sake of achieving goals.
Goal setting. Must define specific, measurable, realistic, dependable, and time-bound
(smart) short- and long-term goals.
Information seeking. A personally seeks crucial data on clients, suppliers, and even
potential competitors, consults experts with business or technical assistance, and uses
contact and information networks to get functional knowledge, all with the goal of
completely accomplishing end goals.

Systematic planning and monitoring. A creates and implements logical step-by-step
plans to attain goals, assess alternatives, monitor progress, and move to other
alternative tactics as needed to meet defined objectives.
Persuasion and networking. Applies numerous strategies and techniques to
persuade, persuade, or convince others, sell his/her brilliant concept to those important
to commercial and personal contracts, and achieve goals.
Self-confidence. A strong belief in one's own abilities and skills to complete a difficult
activity or tackle an equally difficult situation.

Chapter II
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This chapter present the related literature and studies both from Foreign and
Local sources. Only relevant research was included. These contains the important
terms, Variables, Details that support the researcher's study and the synthesis of the
related literature. Theoretical Framework, Research Paradigm and Hypothesis of the
Study.
Entrepreneurial Skills:
According to Maria José Sousa (2014), Entrepreneurship is now being
considered as part of a strategy to stimulate the economy. It can be taken on as a
difficult undertaking, either internally within organizations or outside, by establishing
new firms that are viable in a market and in a complex economic climate. Being an
entrepreneur and cultivating an entrepreneurial culture extends beyond the fear of risk
and the shame of failure, both of which have a significant impact on the
entrepreneurship landscape. Even though we can say that entrepreneurs' profiles are
important in defining a business idea and successfully implementing it, it is important to

note that there is also the possibility of developing entrepreneurial characteristics, and
this is where educational institutions come in. They should play a key role, very early in
the creation of knowledge and skills related to entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial
abilities are divided into two categories: attitudes (soft skills) such as persistence,
networking, and self-confidence, and enabling skills (hard skills) such as basic start-up
knowledge, company planning, financial literacy, and managerial skills. Effective
entrepreneurship education policies and programs emphasize the development of
entrepreneurial competences and abilities that are transferrable and useful in a variety
of employment settings. The goal is to enhance not just the ability and desire of more
people to establish their own businesses, but also to foster an entrepreneurial culture in
society. United States Conference on Trade and Development (n.d).
Out of School Youth:
Despite significant improvement over the previous two decades, an estimated
263 million children, adolescents, and youth are out of school around the world. That's
one in every five people, a statistic that hasn't altered much in the last five years. Many
of these children (43 percent) will never enter a classroom, according to estimates. An
estimated 89 million kids aged 12-24 do not attend school in Sub-Saharan Africa, which
has the greatest proportion of out-of-school youth. Almost one-third of out-of-school
adolescents live in conflict areas, demonstrating the impact of insecurity on school
attendance. Girls are far more likely than boys to be absent from school, reflecting their
greater vulnerability to the key drivers of poor educational outcomes, such as poverty,
political instability/conflict, a lack of accessible facilities, and a lack of economic

opportunities linked to education. These gender disparities worsen as one progresses
through the educational system, with tertiary education exhibiting the greatest gender
disparities. Furthermore, progress appears to have stalled in the last ten years, with
serious consequences for those who do not begin or finish their education. Many of the
essentials of basic education are missed by youth who do not attend school or drop out
early, including basic health information and life skills. These young people are
susceptible to misinformation from untrustworthy sources. USAID (n.d).
Age:
According to Springer (2012), it incorporates the notion of social identity with
entrepreneurship and analyzes the determinants of having entrepreneurial goals.
Furthermore, suggest that an individual's socialization shapes their entrepreneurial
identity. This could be due to parental influence, but it could also be due to peer
influence, as argued in this research. Based on data from the Programmed for
International Student Assessment (PISA) 2006, which asked students at the age of 15
to express their entrepreneurial ambitions, researchers discovered that having an
entrepreneurial peer group has a beneficial impact on an individual's entrepreneurial
intentions. Found that prevailing values, such as individualism, reduce the power of the
peer impact in a society. According to James Liang, Hui Wang, and Edward P Lazear.
(2018), Entrepreneurship necessitates both energy and imagination, as well as a good
understanding of business. Some of the qualities that contribute to entrepreneurship
wane as people get older, yet business abilities improve with experience in senior roles.
The presence of too many senior people in the workforce hinders entrepreneurship.
When older employees hold crucial roles, they prevent younger employees from
learning new abilities. Using data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, a theory is
developed and tested. A one-standard-deviation reduction in a country's median age
boosts new business creation by 2.5 percentage points, or nearly 40% of the average
rate. Furthermore, at all ages, older civilizations have lower rates of entrepreneurship.
Gender:
Gender gap in entrepreneurship has traditionally been understood as a result of
women's structural disadvantages in obtaining the resources necessary for successful
business ownership. According to Springer (2017). This study investigates how cultural
perceptions about gender influence the process by which individuals first come to
perceive entrepreneurship as a feasible labor-market choice, based on resource-based
techniques. This study examines how cultural ideas about gender and entrepreneurship
influence self-assessments of entrepreneurial skill and the extent to which such
assessments explain for the gender difference in business start-ups, using status
characteristics theory as a guide. When compared to similarly situated males, women
are much less likely to regard themselves as capable of being an entrepreneur and hold
themselves to a higher standard of competence. After controlling for relevant resources,
this gender difference in self-assessments accounts for a considerable amount of the
gender gap in entrepreneurship. Additional research reveals that among established
business owners, significant gender inequalities in self-assessed ability continue.
Estimate logit models for entrepreneurial activity based on three alternative

entrepreneur definitions. Fairlie's decomposition method can also be used to determine
the gender gap. The overall gender gap varies from 4 to 13 percent points depending
on the definition of entrepreneur used. Between 23 and 38 percent of the total gender
gap is explained by differences in visible features. Education, risk tolerance, owning a
car as a primary mode of transportation, work satisfaction, and parent business
ownership are the elements that explain both entrepreneurial activity and the gender
difference. Age, access to loans, and other factors all have a role.
Educational Attainment
As an important position in innovation and entrepreneurship education, the
innovation and entrepreneurship education of applied undergraduate colleges has
received unprecedented attention in recent years. Although innovation and
entrepreneurship education has achieved certain results, there are still many problems.
Among them, the construction of the team of innovative entrepreneurship education is
one of the important issues. The development of the times requires innovative and
entrepreneurial talents, and the cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial talents
requires high-quality teachers. Therefore, the focus of the application-oriented
undergraduate colleges at this stage is how to strengthen the construction of the
“double-creative” mentor team, and strive to improve the entrepreneurial service level of
the “double-creative” mentor.
Opportunity Seeking
Opportunity seeking does things before asked or forced to by events and acts to
extend the business into new areas, products or services. Seizes unusual opportunities
to start a new business, obtain financing, equipment, land work space or assistance
Entrepreneurship education has long been recognized as a powerful tool for cultivating
students' entrepreneurial ambitions. With the value of international entrepreneurship
becoming more widely recognized, entrepreneurship educators may want to encourage
students to pursue international ventures (IEI). "The finding, enactment, appraisal, and
exploitation of opportunities - across national lines - to generate future commodities and
services" is how international entrepreneurship (IE) is defined. The Internet plays an
essential role in the economic development of countries. Euro fund, for example, found
that roughly 20% of Europe's new businesses are created globally. These new
businesses have made a significant contribution to job creation and welfare in Europe.
According to McKinsey, 86 percent of tech businesses are "born global" in the United
States, and 360 million individuals globally currently engage in cross-border e-
commerce.
As a result, a fundamental purpose of entrepreneurship education is to identify
and help students who want to expand their entrepreneurial activity globally. While the
number of entrepreneurship education programs available around the world is
increasing, there is still a paucity of research on how to evaluate these programs. The
goal of this study is to argue that entrepreneurship education should be focused on a
set of transversal competencies targeted at teaching people how to be more

entrepreneurial, and to propose a framework and practical approach for teaching and
assessing entrepreneurial skills.
Persistence
Entrepreneurship has long been acknowledged as a critical component of raising
productivity, fostering innovation, and expanding job opportunities. Entrepreneurial
persistence has two components: first, the motivation and decision to continue actively
pursuing a previously selected entrepreneurial opportunity; and second, doing so in the
face of adversity or attractive alternatives. As a result, an entrepreneur's persistence
decision is fundamentally different from his or her initial startup decision. As a result, an
entrepreneur's persistence decision differs significantly from his or her initial launch
decision. An entrepreneur decides to establish a new business at a specific period in
time and under specific conditions that are likely to be advantageous to the new
venture's success. Out-of-school adolescents living in poverty face a variety of
obstacles that are unusual for a young adult of their age. They are compelled to
discontinue their study; others attempt to find work while balancing work and education.
Some were successful, while others were not.
The study employed a phenomenological approach, with five out-of-school kids
and two barangay officials from Bucana, Davao City, taking part in the in-depth
interview. The study was based on Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory, which
claims that there is a reciprocal causality between behavior, cognition, and other
personal traits, and that environmental influences all serve as interacting determinants
that impact one another. According to the findings, out-of-school adolescents living in
poverty are not passive victims of poverty; they are aware of the difficulties they face
and the items they forego. They are willing to return to school because they recognize
the importance of education in overcoming poverty. They are, however, vulnerable and
may be influenced by their surroundings to give up on their aspirations or work harder to
accomplish them.
Commitment to work contract
Young people's experiences immediately after they leave school often have a
significant impact on their long-term prospects. It is during this time that pupils obtain
occupational competence, learn to use their academic ability, and acquire the generic
workplace skills that are required in almost all employment. It's a moment when people
are putting their careers to the test and finishing their official schooling. Starting off on
the right foot also allows young people to establish a track record that is important for a
successful career, acquire positive references from their first employers, and tap into
the social networks of other workers.
Demand for quality and efficiency
In economies with strong levels of entrepreneurship, the ability to adapt to
innovation is also high. This puts economies with high levels of entrepreneurship one
step ahead of the competitors in the global market. Entrepreneurs not only accelerate
progress, but they also contribute to it. New industries emerge as a result of the advent
of new ideas. Because entrepreneurship develops high-growth industries, it has a

significant impact on economic development (Uluyol, 2013). The entrepreneur's goal to
acquire resources and analyze them based on a business idea is valid not only for
economic resources, but also for the country's human resources (Bridge & O'Neill,
2012). Entrepreneurs can assist the country make better use of its people resources by
channeling them into production-oriented jobs. The aspect of innovation at the heart of
entrepreneurship has mandated the effective use of human resources, as this enhances
societal levels (e.g., education, culture, and language) (Burns, 2016). The favorable
influence of entrepreneurship on human resource utilization aids in the reduction of
public employment as a percentage of total employment.
Risk taking
Risk-taking propensity refers to a person's readiness to take risks in exchange for
positive results. The propensity for risk differs significantly between entrepreneurs and
non-entrepreneurs, according to meta-analytic research. Entrepreneurs are more likely
than non-entrepreneurs to be overconfident and to prioritize opportunities over threats;
as a result, they are more inclined to take the risks required to start a new business.
The weight of data suggests that risk-taking is linked to entrepreneur objectives and
actions.
According to the 2017 Philippine Startup Survey (PwC Network, 2017), there are
approximately 500 startups in the Philippines currently. "More than 300 of them were
formed between the years 2012 and 2017," according to Barrett (2019), "and more
enterprises are projected to develop in 2018-2019." As a result, an increasing number
of new enterprises will demand the services of entrepreneurial accountants in the

country. The goal of this study was to identify the critical success criteria for small to
medium-sized accounting companies owned by entrepreneurs. Finally, this will provide
advice on how to replicate the same level of achievement. Entrepreneurial accountants
who are aspiring (or even suffering) will benefit from this material.
Goal setting
Goal-setting can be applied to a variety of situations, including education and
research. For example, in the classroom, this theory could be utilized as an educational
process to improve students' writing skills, particularly for those who struggle to learn to
write. Students may do better in their writing class if they set explicit goals for what will
be written in each paragraph. Furthermore, according to Nebel et al. (2017), GST can
be employed when playing instructional video games like Minecraft; goal setting can
lessen students' cognitive burden when they set precise goals. In other words, when
pupils have clear goals, they become more interested and motivated to complete the
activity. Furthermore, Idowu, et al. (2014) recruited 80 senior secondary school students
to investigate whether goal-setting skills are beneficial to students' academic
performance in English, and the findings revealed that incorporating a goal-setting
strategy can improve students' academic performance in English. In other words,
teachers can encourage kids to set goals that will help them succeed in school.
Information seeking
Information-seeking behavior while looking for candidates for available positions
offered by companies. Mesut Kaya (2021). Using its job database system, it conducts a
series of contextual questions with recruiters at one of Scandinavia's leading job portals
and recruiting firms. Its goal is to better understand recruiters' short-term (matching) and
long-term (recruitment) information seeking behavior. Based on the results of the
contextual research, list a set of design implications that can be utilized to help
recruiters locate more relevant applicants using better matching systems. According to
Muhammad Tufail Khan (2021), every society's basic requirement is information.
Accurate and trustworthy information is critical for society's development; nevertheless,
misinformation or faulty information leads to misdirection and society's ruin.
Misinformation also creates a sense of insecurity among society's members. As a
result, each society member must determine the amount of ambiguity before accepting
or rejecting the information. Although information seekers may be more likely to make
decisions if there is less uncertainty in the information.
Systematic planning and monitoring
According to McClelland (n.d), systematic planning and monitoring can be seen
in planning by breaking large tasks down into time-constrained sub-tasks, revising plans
in light of feedback on performance or changing circumstances and keeping financial
records and using them to make business decisions. It is characterized by an individual
who plans by breaking large tasks down into time-constrained sub-tasks, revises plan in
light of feedback on performance or changing circumstances and keeps financial
records and uses them to make business decisions.
Persuasion and networking
Persuasion and networking can be seen when an individual uses deliberate strategies
to influence or persuade others, uses key people as agents to accomplish own

objectives and acts to develop and maintain business contracts. According to Greaney
(2015),
When teaching Business English, spend a lot of effort on building up our students’
abilities to express themselves confidently and accurately. However, students working
in business have needs which go beyond this. A large part of business communication,
both spoken and written, is devoted to persuasion: persuading clients to buy products or
services, to accept your price, accept certain terms; persuading colleagues or
managers to adopt your decisions, to listen to your suggestions and opinions. In this
way, successful persuasion and networking is essential in achieving business
objectives. This workshop covers activities we can do in the classroom to develop our
students’ powers of persuasion in English, when speaking and when writing.
Self-confidence
Self-confidence is influenced benefits educational practice and motivational
theories. According to Sheldrake (2016), various factors were used to predict science
self-confidence in 1523 students from 12 secondary schools in England: current self-
confidence (self-concept) was most strongly predicted by received praise, current
grades, and interest in science; self-efficacy was most strongly predicted by current
grades and perceived utility of science. For both self-confidence measures, reported
subject-comparisons (science being tougher than other subjects) were predictive of
under confidence, but reported utility was predictive of overconfidence. Under-confident
pupils regularly reported worse grades than other students, indicating that low self-
esteem can have a negative impact on motivation.

Synthesis
Overall, entrepreneurship is now being considered as part of an economic
stimulus strategy. Establishing new enterprises that are viable in a market and in a
complex economic climate can be taken on as a challenging task, either internally within
organizations or externally. Even though entrepreneurial profiles are vital in creating a
company idea and successfully implementing it, it is also important to highlight that
entrepreneurial qualities may be developed, which is where educational institutions
come in. The goal is to increase not only people's skill and willingness to start their own
firms, but also to develop a culture of entrepreneurship in society. In out of school
youth, entrepreneurship education skills will build youngsters' abilities, attitudes, and
values, equipping them to start or work in a successful commercial enterprise. A group
of young males and girls ranging in age from elementary school to high school.
Individuals do not have access to any of these educational systems it will give the
children a thorough understanding of local technology, tradition, and culture that will
allow them to be self-sufficient in the future. In age, foreign related literature is in line
with their findings. Entrepreneurship demands both enthusiasm and imagination, as well
as a firm grasp of business principles. As people get older, some of the attributes that
contribute to entrepreneurship fade, but business skills develop with experience in
senior posts. Entrepreneurship is hampered by the presence of too many senior
persons in the workforce. When senior employees occupy key positions, younger
employees are unable to master new skills. A theory is constructed and evaluated using
data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Furthermore, older cultures had lower
rates of entrepreneurship at all ages. In gender, based on resource-based
methodologies, it studies how cultural ideas of gender influence the process by which
individuals first begin to perceive entrepreneurship as a viable labor-market choice.
Self-assessment differences between men and women account for a significant portion
of the gender gap in entrepreneurship. The elements that explain both entrepreneurial
activity and the gender difference are education, risk tolerance, owning a car as a
primary source of transportation, work happiness, and parent business ownership. Age,
loan availability, and other considerations all have a role. For highest education
attainment, according to recent studies, applied undergraduate institutions' innovation
and entrepreneurship education has gotten unprecedented attention as a crucial
component of innovation and entrepreneurship education. Despite the fact that
innovation and entrepreneurial education have had some success, there are still a
number of difficulties to be addressed. The establishment of a team of innovative
entrepreneurship instructors is one of the most important challenges. In opportunity
seeking, acts to expand the business into new sectors, products, or services before
being requested or pushed to do so by events. Takes advantage of unique possibilities
to establish a new business, obtain money, equipment, work space, or help.
Entrepreneurship education has long been acknowledged as a valuable tool for
encouraging students to pursue their entrepreneurial dreams to help students to seek
opportunity. When it comes to persistence, an entrepreneur's decision to persevere
differs significantly from his or her initial startup decision. As a result, an entrepreneur's
decision to persevere differs greatly from his or her decision to launch in the first place.
An entrepreneur decides to start a new firm at a given point in time and under specific
circumstances that are likely to help the new enterprise succeed. To commitment to
work, students do not have to work. Their first post-school experiences frequently have
a considerable impact on their long-term prospects. Pupils gain vocational competence,
learn to use their academic abilities, and learn the generic workplace skills that are
required in practically all jobs throughout this period. It's a time when people are putting
their professional skills to the test and concluding their formal education. To demand for
quality and efficiency, entrepreneurs not only accelerate but also contribute to progress.
As a result of the introduction of new ideas, new industries emerge. Entrepreneurship
has a huge impact on economic development because it creates high-growth industries.
The goal of an entrepreneur is to acquire resources and analyze them based on a
business idea. This is true not only for economic resources, but also for human
resources in a country. When it comes to risk taking, incur risks in exchange for
beneficial outcomes is referred to as inclination. According to meta-analytic studies, the
propensity for risk differs dramatically between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs.
Entrepreneurs are more prone than non-entrepreneurs to be overconfident and to
prioritize opportunities over threats, making them more willing to take the risks that
come with starting a new business. Risk-taking appears to be associated to
entrepreneur goals and behaviors, according to the evidence. Furthermore, this will
offer guidance on how to achieve the same level of success. This content will aid
prospective (or even struggling) entrepreneurial accountants. In goal setting, can be

used in a variety of contexts, including as teaching and research. In the classroom, for
example, this notion could be used as an instructional method to help students improve
their writing skills, especially those who struggle to learn to write. Setting precise goals
for what will be written in each paragraph may help students achieve better in their
writing class. Furthermore, when pupils create explicit goals, they can reduce their
cognitive load. To put it another way, when students have clear objectives, they are
more engaged and motivated to complete the activity.
When it comes to information seeking, its purpose is to better understand the short-term
(matching) and long-term (recruitment) information-seeking behavior of recruiters.
Although, if the information is less ambiguous, information searchers may be more likely
to make decisions. In systematic planning and monitoring, it is defined as someone
who plans by breaking down huge projects into time-constrained subtasks, revises plan
in light of performance feedback or changing conditions, and keeps financial records
and uses them to make business decisions. In persuasion and networking, a person
utilizes purposeful techniques to influence or persuade others, uses important people as
agents to achieve personal goals, and acts to build and maintain business contracts,
this can be recognized. On the other hand, students in business have different needs.
Persuasion is a big aspect of corporate communication, both oral and written:
convincing clients to buy products or services, accept your price, accept particular
terms; convincing colleagues or managers to follow your decisions, listen to your
thoughts and opinions. For self-confidence, educational practice and motivational
theories have been influenced. In some studies, show that received praise, current
grades, and interest in science were the strongest predictors of current self-confidence
(self-concept); current grades and perceived utility of science were the strongest
predictors of self-efficacy.
Theoretical framework
Personal Entrepreneurial Corresponding Behavior
Competencies
Opportunity seeking Even in the most difficult and hopeless
situations, acting and seizing new
business possibilities is possible.
Taking use of rare possibilities to
establish a new business, receive
funding, equipment, land, workspace,
and support.
Extending the company's reach into new
sectors, products, and services.
Persistence Standing tall and persevering even in
the face of adversity when trying to learn
something new or do something tough.
Accepting personal responsibility for the
results required to meet goals and

objectives.
Acting in the face of a major stumbling
block.
Commitment to work contract Taking full responsibility for the project
and completing it quickly in order to
generate a satisfied consumer.
Making a personal sacrifice or putting in
a tremendous amount of effort to
complete a task.
Working alongside or in place of others
to complete a task.
Being able to stick to a schedule.
Risk-taking Calculating risks and weighing choices
consciously.
Taking steps to reduce risks or maintain
control over results.
Putting oneself in situations that are both
challenging and moderately risky.
Demand for efficiency and quality Giving customers the greatest products
and services amounts to a successful
business.
Acting in a way that meets or exceeds

excellent standards.
Creating or implementing procedures to
ensure that work is performed on time
and to the agreed-upon quality and
standards.
Goal seeking Setting individually relevant and difficult
goals and objectives.
Establishing measurable short- and
long-term goals.
Information seeking Looking for a direct reaction and
comments.
Looking for information from clients,
suppliers, and competitors.
Personal investigation into the best way
to deliver a product or service.
Systematic planning and monitoring Breaking down huge jobs into time-
constrained subtasks is a good way to
plan.
Plans are being revised in light of
performance feedback or changing
conditions.
Persuasion and networking Acting to create and sustain commercial

relationships.
Using calculated techniques to persuade
or influence people.
Self-confidence Believing in his own abilities and
accepting his flaws.
Having faith in one's abilities to finish a
difficult task or overcome a hurdle.
According to MSI, entrepreneurial acumen can be predicted based on how
strongly individuals manifest these personal entrepreneurial competencies (Reyes,
Mariano, Herrera, 2018). Based on these competencies, entrepreneurial competency
measurement instrument was developed, which according to D.P. Depositorio, N.A.
Aquino, K.C. Feliciano (2011), is widely still used because of lack of reliable and more
superior entrepreneurial competency measurement instruments.
In this research, aim to find out the level of personal entrepreneurial
competencies of participants of experiential entrepreneurship education, also compare
how these competencies are distributed between respondents with different
entrepreneurial intentions and current job status.
Entrepreneurship education is the process of professional application of knowledge,
attitude, skills, and competencies, it is not just teaching how to be-come independent
business owner, it is much more entrepreneurship education encompass creating and
nurturing a learning environment that promotes entrepreneurial traits and behaviors,

such as becoming creative and independent thinker, risk-taker, assuming responsibility
and valuing diversity (Gautam, Singh, 2015).
Research paradigm
Input Process Output
The profile of
respondents in terms of: Self-rating Relationship
1 Age questionnaire between the level
1.2 Gender were disseminated of personal
3 highest Educational
attainment as a method of entrepreneurial
Level of personal data gathering. competencies and
entrepreneurial
Interpretation of the demographic
competencies in terms
of: data. profile of the
2.1 Opportunity seeking
Analysis of data respondents.
2.2 Persistence
2.3 Commitment to Entrepreneurship
work contract training program
2.4 Demand for quality
and efficiency to the out-of-
2.5 Risk taking school youths of
2.6 Goal setting
2.7 Information seekin barangay Bachao
2.8 Systematic Ibaba, Gasan,
planning and
monitoring 2.9 Marinduque.
Persuasion and
networking
2.10 Self-Confidence
Figure 1. The Research Paradigm
Figure 1 shows the research paradigm of the study. The researcher used the input,
process and output type wherein input represented the demographic profile of the
respondents and the level of personal entrepreneurial competencies in terms of
opportunity seeking, persistence, commitment to work contract, demand for quality and
efficiency, risk taking, goal setting, information seeking, systematic planning and
monitoring, persuasion and networking and self-confidence which were the raw
variable. The data will be gathered through the dissemination of survey-questionnaire
and will be interpreted and analyzed to answer the researcher’s hypothesis. The
current entrepreneurial skills assessment among the out-of-School youths of barangay
Bachao Ibaba, Gasan, Marinduque served as the basis for entrepreneurship training
program.
Hypothesis of the study
The following hypotheses were raised in the study:
Null Hypothesis: there is no significant relationship between the level of personal
entrepreneurial competencies and the demographic profile of the respondents.
Alternative Hypothesis: there is a significant relationship between the level of personal
entrepreneurial competencies and the demographic profile of the respondents.
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents research design, research locale, research population and
sample, research instrument, data gathering procedures and
Statistical treatment taken to accomplish the study.
Research Design
This study used a descriptive type of research particularly
quantitative. The said type of research is suitable to this study to determine the
Entrepreneurial Competencies Assessment among the Out of School Youth of
Barangay Bachao Ibaba, Gasan, Marinduque.
McCombes (2019) stated that descriptive type of research aims to accurately
and systematically describe a population, situation or phenomenon. It is a quantitative
research method that attempts to collect quantifiable information for statistical analysis
of the population sample.
Research Locale
The locale of this study is in Barangay Bachao Ibaba, which is in Municipality of
Gasan, province of Marinduque. It is located in the Northern part of Marinduque with
coordinates 13.2986, 121.8591. The respondents in Bachao Ibaba live in a comfortable
environment free of distractions and are in a good mental state to obtain unbiased
results.
Figure 2. Research Environment
Research Population and Sample
The researcher utilized purposive sampling using the following criteria:
a. The respondent should be among the out of school youth and must be residing in
Bachao Ibaba, Gasan.
b. The respondent should be 15 to 24 years old
After the assessment on the list of among the out of school youth in barangay
Bachao Ibaba, Gasan using the criteria mentioned above, the researcher had come up
with 22 females and 33 males with the total of 67 qualified respondents.
Description of the Instruments
The survey instrument was composed of three parts. Part 1 was designed to obtain the
demographic characteristics of the respondents as needed in this study. Part
2 was designed to determine the level of personal entrepreneurial competencies. Part

3 was made to identify whether if they are different between the level of personal
entrepreneurial competencies and the demographics of the respondents. The
respondents will be asked to rate each of these parts using a four-point Likert scale.
This questionnaire will come from the standardized survey either from the national or
local which was validated by the experts from the field.
Ang alagay naman dito ay yung description nung questionnaire na sinend ni verna.
Data Gathering Procedure
Before the gathering of data, the researcher will write a formal letter signed by
the adviser to the barangay. After the approval of the barangay, the researcher will start
to gather data using the structured questionnaire. The researcher gathers data from the
responses of among the out of school youth who will answer the questionnaire in order
to establish the validity and reliability of the survey.
The researcher will conduct a house to house interaction among the out of
school youth in Barangay Bachao Ibaba to explain the questions in case the
respondents experienced a difficulty in understanding.
Data Analysis and Statistical Treatment
The data that will be gathered in this study will be graphed and tabulated. Mean
will be used in computing for the entrepreneurial skills among the out of school youth.
The researcher will use the formula:

x ̅=
Where:
𝑥̅= mean
𝑥 = individual values
𝑛 = total number of values
The computed mean will be interpreted as follows:
Mean Scale Verbal interpretation
3.26-4.00 4 Always
2.56-3.25 3 Often
1.76-2.50 2 Sometimes
1.00-1.75 1 Never
T-test and One-Way ANOVA will be used to determine if there is a significant
difference between the levels of personal entrepreneurial competencies according to
their demographic profile.
Ang alagay ditto ay yung andun sa link na pinasa ni mareng verna mo. Yung
∑
may table dun kung paano acomputin yung self-rating questionnaire
x
answers.
Working Bibliography
United States Conference on Trade and Development (n.d). Enhancing
Entrepreneurship Education and Skills Development. Retrieved on March 31, 2022.
https://unctad.org › topic › 3-Skills-...3: Enhancing Entrepreneurship Education and
Skills...
Maria José Sousa (Oct 2014). Entrepreneurial Skill Development. Retreived on March
31, 2022.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
268816221_Entrepreneurial_Skills_Development.
USAID. (n.d). Out of School Youth.
https://www.youthpower.org/youthpower-issues/topics/out-school-youth-0
James Liang, Hui Wang, Edward P Lazear. (2018). Demographics and
entrepreneurship. Retreived on April 01, 2022.
https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/698750
Springer (July 2012). Identity and entrepreneurship. Retreived on April 01, 2022.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/41472840
Springer (March 2017). Determinants of the entrepreneurial gender gap. Retreived on
April 01, 2022. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26154750
Diane L. Lorenzetti (Nov 2020). The Role of Peer Mentors in Promoting Knowledge and
Skills Development in Graduate Education. Retreived on April 01, 2022.
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/edri/2020/8822289/
Nuan Sun, Yao Zhung (February 2019). The Operation Mechanism of the Construction
of Teachers’ Team of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Applied
Undergraduate Colleges. Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-
Operation-Mechanism-of-the-Construction-of-Team-Sun-Zhang/
b8d93d528bf050ba4fbeb9b8d881f379e1a16c15
Aida Licaros Velasco (2013). Entrepreneurship Education in the Philippines. Retreived
on April 01, 2022. https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=6456
Shuijing Jie (May 2017). Cross-Cultural Competences and International Entrepreneurial
Intention: A Study on Entrepreneurship Education. Retrieved on April 01, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9042132
Bolzani, D. and Luppi, E. (2021), "Assessing entrepreneurial competences: insights
from a business model challenge. Retrieved on April 01, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-04-2020-0072
Marco Caliendo (Nov 2019). Entrepreneurial persistence beyond survival: Measurement
and determinants. Retrieved on April 02, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2019.1666532
Rosalyn Bianco (n.d). The Lived Experiences of Out-of-School Youth in Pursuit of their
Dreams while Living in Poverty. Retrieved on April 02, 2022.
https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=13749
Robert I. Lerman. American University and Urban Institute (2014). Helping Out-of-
School Youth Attain Labor Market Success. Retrieved on April 02, 2022.
https://www.academia.edu/71766754/Helping_Out_of_School_Youth_Attain_Labor_Ma
rket_Success
Bridge, S., & O’Neill, K. (2012). Understanding enterprise: Entrepreneurship and small
business
Macmillan International Higher Education. Retrieved on April 02, 2022 from
https://www.academia.edu/47782266/The_Impact_of_Entrepreneurship_Education_Qu
ality_On_Entrepreneurial_Intention
Mitchell Neubert, Todd W Ferguson (2014). Religious Orthodoxy and Entrepreneurial
Risk-Taking. Retrieved on April 02, 2022 from
https://www.academia.edu/13125723/Religious_Orthodoxy_and_Entrepreneurial_Risk_
Taking
Ludomedia (n.d). Calculated Risk-Taking’: The Success Factors of Entrepreneurial
Accountants. Retrieved on April 02, 2022.

https://www.academia.edu/70304440/_Calculated_Risk_Taking_The_Success_Factors
_of_Entrepreneurial_Accountants
Nebel et al. (2017) and Idowu, et al. (2014). Goal-Setting Theory – Theoretical Models
for Teaching and Research.
Idowu, A., Chibuzoh, I., & Louisa, M. (2014). Effects of goal-setting skills on students’
academic performance in English language in Enugu Nigeria. Journal of New
Approaches in Educational Research (NAER Journal), 3(2), 93-99. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350572920_Personality_Profile_of_Risk-
Takers_An_Examination_of_the_Big_Five_Facets
Borges T. and Kaya M. (2021). An Exploration of the Information Seeking Behavior of
Recruiters.
Tufail Khan M. (2021). The Element of Uncertainty in Information Seeking. Retrieved on
April 04, 2022 from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355117632_An_Exploration_of_the_Informati
on_Seeking_Behavior_of_Recruiters
Sheldrake R. (2016). Confidence as motivational expressions of interest, utility, and
other influences: Exploring under-confidence and over-confidence in science students
at secondary school. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294283604_Confidence_as_motivational_expr
essions_of_interest_utility_and_other_influences_Exploring_under-
confidence_and_over-confidence_in_science_students_at_secondary_school/link/
57dc63a608aeea195935c973/download
Greaney A. (2015). Persuasion and Networking. McClelland & McBer (n.d.). Personal
Entrepreneurial Competencies. Retrieved from
https://www.eltas.de/events-2015/persuasion-and-networking-11-may-2015/
McClelland & McBer (n.d.). Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies. Retrieved from
https://editn.in/app/webroot/img/document/edp-course-materials/personal-
entrepreneurial-competencies-2.pdf

Research - Chapter - I, II, III

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Research - Chapter - I, II, III

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE

School of Business and Management P ag e | 14

Entrepreneurial Competencies Assessment Among the Out-of-School Youths of

Barangay Bachao Ibaba, Gasan, Marinduque: Basis for Entrepreneurship Training

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of

Institute of Accountancy, Business Administration

And Tourism Management

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

Degree of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration

Zaich Harelle M. Valencia

The Problem and Its Background

desires. Every child's education should be guaranteed and supported by the

government. As a result, the Department of Education provides free education to all

are concerned about the teachers’ salaries.

Enrollment in public schools is free of charge for elementary and secondary

troubles that compels a youngster to work earlier than they should.

The Alternative Learning System (ALS) is a program run by the Department of

school if they pass the test.

In line with that, the researcher aims to determine the Entrepreneurial

Competencies Assessment among the Out-of-School Youths of Barangay Bachao

demographics in Bachao Ibaba, Gasan to become productive individuals through

entrepreneurship. It will help young Filipinos develop their entrepreneurial skills by

offering them a comprehensive package of interventions.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to evaluate the Entrepreneurial Competencies Assessment

among the Out-of-School Youths of Barangay Bachao Ibaba, Gasan, Marinduque.

This study specifically aims to answer of the following question:

1. What is the profile of the respondents based on the following demographics?

1.3 Highest educational attainment

2. What is the level of personal entrepreneurial competencies of the respondents as to:

2.1 Opportunity seeking

2.3 Commitment to work contract

2.4 Demand for quality and efficiency

2.5 Risk taking

2.6 Goal setting

2.7 Information seeking

2.8 Systematic planning and monitoring

2.9 Persuasion and networking

3. Is there a significant relationship between the levels of personal entrepreneurial

competencies and the demographic profile of the respondents?

4. What entrepreneurship training program can be developed?

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study is primarily concerned with the Entrepreneurial Competencies

Assessment among the Out-of-School Youths of Barangay Bachao Ibaba, Gasan,

Marinduque. It aims to assess their personal entrepreneurial competencies such as,

Opportunity seeking, Persistence, Commitment to work contract, Demand for quality

monitoring, Persuasion and networking, and self-confidence.

The respondents of this study are limited to Entrepreneurial Competencies

Assessment among the Out-of-School Youths of Barangay Bachao Ibaba, Gasan,

Marinduque. Each of the respondents was given a self-rating questionnaire to answer.

Significance of the Study

To the Department of Social Welfare and Development, as it will help them in

to stabilize the current one.

discipline, hard work and labor

entrepreneurial skills and contribute in attaining community stability.

gap that needed to be address regarding entrepreneurial skills.

Out of school youth. A person is not attending school, whereas out-of-school

Opportunity seeking. A one-of-a-kind opportunity to meet both consumers' demands

and desires. Every challenge is viewed as an opportunity to exercise one's imagination

by seeking acceptable answers rather than as an obstacle to success.

consequence or problem that may arise along the route.

makes deliveries of goods and services on time.

excellence while also improving on previous performances, aiming to accomplish things