Tsunamis: Before, During & After

Tsunami is a Japanese word that means "harbor wave." It is a large wave caused by movements in Earth's
outer layer, or crust, which move ocean water. For example, an earthquake or a volcano in the ocean
could cause a tsunami.

Before
 Find out if your home, school, workplace or other frequently
visited locations are in tsunami hazard areas.
 Contact your municipality to know the risks, evacuation and
alerting system in your community. Know the sound of the alert
and make sure all in your family are familiar with it and what to
do.
 For up-to-date information from coast to coast to coast.
 Make a personalized preparedness emergency kit.
 Kits should include practical items such as drinking water, food,
cash, and a portable radio.
 If you have already dipped into your emergency kit and food
supply while staying at home, consider safely getting the supplies
to replenish it following your local public health authorities’
guidelines for leaving your residence.
PHOTO|Japan Before Tsunami

Know the difference between a tsunami warning and a tsunami

watch:
 A tsunami warning means a tsunami may have been generated and could be close to your area. A full
evacuation is suggested. 
 A tsunami watch means a tsunami has not yet been verified but could exist and may be as little as an
hour away. Stay alert for more information.

During
If you feel an earthquake, drop, cover and hold:

 Drop: drop to the ground before the earthquake causes you

to fall. 
 Cover: Take cover under a piece of heavy furniture such as
a desk or table to protect your head and torso from falling
objects.
 Hold: hold onto the object you are under so that you
remain covered.  PHOTO|Tsunami in Florida

After
 Continue to take precautions and listen to and follow directions from local authorities:

 Be prepared for aftershocks, which could generate another tsunami. 

 Return home only after local officials tell you it is safe.
 Be aware of secondary effects. These include landslides,
contaminated water, mudflows, damaged bridges, buildings and
roads, and other hazards. 
 Only make calls if you require emergency services.
 Stay out of any building that has water around it.
 If you suspect your home is unsafe, do not enter. Rely on the
professionals to clear your home for re-entry, if you are unsure. 
 Do not light matches or turn on lights or appliances until you are
sure there are no gas leaks or flammable liquids spilled. Avoid use
of contaminated water.
 Place a HELP sign in your window if you need assistance.
PHOTO|Japan After Tsunami

Storm and Flood Stage

Floods
Floods (weather events where water temporarily covers land it normally doesn't cover) can happen
anywhere, but features like geography can actually increase your risk for specific types of flooding. Here
are the main types of floods to look out for (each is named for the weather condition or geography that
cause them):
Inland Floods

Inland flooding is the technical name for ordinary flooding

that occurs in inland areas, hundreds of miles from the
coast. Flash flooding, river flooding, and pretty much every
type of flooding except coastal can be categorized as an
inland flood. 

Flash Floods

Flash floods are caused by heavy rain or the sudden release of water over a short period of time. The
name "flash" refers to their fast occurrence (typically within minutes to hours after the heavy rain event)
and also to their raging torrents of water that move with great speed. 

River Floods

River flooding occurs when water levels in rivers, lakes, and

streams rise and overflow onto the surrounding banks, shores, and
neighboring land. 

Coastal Floods

Coastal flooding is the inundation of land areas along the coast by

seawater.  
Urban Floods

Urban flooding occurs when there is a lack of drainage in an urban (city) area. 

PHOTO|Photography by Dalton Portella

Storm

A storm surge is a rise in sea level that occurs during tropical cyclones, intense storms also known as
typhoons or hurricanes. The storms produce strong winds that push the water into shore, which can lead
to flooding. This makes storm surges very dangerous for coastal regions.
Typhoon and Earthquake
Typhoon
 PHOTO|NASA Earth Observation Typhoon Mangkhut Reaches Luzon

A typhoon is a mature tropical cyclone that develops between 180° and 100°E in the Northern
Hemisphere.

Earthquake

PHOTO|Collapsed Cause of Earthquake in Turkey and Syria

An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth
resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves.

ASSIGNMENT

IN

HEALTH – 4
(Water Disaster)
 Submitted by:

JANNAH N. LAWI
Grade 4 Pupil

Submitted to:

MS. NAFISAH B. DJAMLA

Grade 4 Teacher in Charge

MAY 21, 2023