Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Schools Division Office I Pangasinan
Pangasinan National High School
Lingayen, Pangasinan
Quarter 4 Performance Task 1
Research Methodology
Directions: Work on your research proposal by writing the necessary information for each part.
Refer to your research title that you have presented in the previous activities. Make sure that all the
information that you have presented from the first two chapters are aligned or anchored to one
another. Use the template given by your teacher.
Research Design
State the research design that you’ll use in your research study. Make sure that the research design
that you will use will choose is appropriate to your research study.
Participants of the Study
Select the sampling technique and identify the sampling procedure that you will use in your research
study.
Instrumentation
Present the appropriate research instrument that you will use in your research study. An example is
given below for your reference and guide.
Data Gathering Procedure
Present the steps or procedure that you will do to conduct your study.
Data Processing Procedure
Present the how you will analyze the data that you will gather in your study.
30 points (Full 20 (Substantial 10 (Little or Partial Score
Accomplishments Accomplishments) Accomplishments)
Research Design Research design Research design Research design
was well was developed, with was not developed
developed, with inadequate substantially, with
substantial and explanation. limited or no
illustrative content. content.
Sample and Sampling Sampling procedure Sampling procedure
Sampling procedure and and sample were and sample were
Procedure sample are described in a not described
completely somewhat clearly and
described; proper consistent manner. consistently.
format was
followed and was
stated in a clear
and consistent
manner.
Instrumentation Students were able Students were able Students have
to construct their to write down their pronounced
research instrument research instrument difficulty or were
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Schools Division Office I Pangasinan
Pangasinan National High School
Lingayen, Pangasinan
completely, in the in a somewhat barely able to write
proper format and consistent manner. down their research
in a clear and instrument.
consistent manner.
Data gathering Students were able Students were able Students have
Procedure to write down their to write down their pronounced
data gathering data gathering difficulty or were
procedure procedure in a barely able to write
completely, in the somewhat down their data
proper format and consistent manner. gathering procedure
in a clear and
consistent manner.
Data Processing Students were able Students were able Students have
Procedure to write down their to write down their pronounced
data processing data processing difficulty or were
procedure procedure in a barely able to write
completely, in the somewhat down their data
proper format and consistent manner. processing
in a clear and procedure
consistent manner.
Total
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Schools Division Office I Pangasinan
Pangasinan National High School
Lingayen, Pangasinan
Here are sample Research Methodologies prepared by previous PNHS students.
Sample Number 1
Chapter III
METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
This chapter will present the methodology to be used in this study. It
includes the research design, participants of the study, research instrument, data
gathering procedure, and data processing procedure. These will explain why the
researchers will use certain methods as the study progresses and give clear
academic justification of all the choices they make.
Research Design
The research design to be used in this study will be descriptive
phenomenology research design in addressing the research questions. According
to Welch, et.al. (2017), this type of phenomenology is always used in social science
research as a method to explore and describe the lived experiences of people.
While, Matua GA, et.al. (2015) said that this is the “pure” description of people’s
experiences that is often differentiated with interpretive phenomenological.
This method will be appropriate for this study because it attempted to
systematically understand the problem and provide useful information about the
phenomenon.
Participants of the Study
Two (2) students, who have obtained the first and second rank of their class
in 3rd grading period, will be chosen to each five (5) HUMSS sections to be
interviewed. Therefore, ten (10) students from Grade 11- HUMSS strand will be
picked using purposive sampling, specifically homogenous sampling. A purposive
sample is also known as judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling. Its main
goal is to focus on characteristics of a population that can enable them to answer
the research questions. While homogenous sampling is a type of purposive
sampling that is chosen for having the same traits or set of characteristics
(Crossman, 2018).
Purposive sampling will be an appropriate method to be used in this study
because it will sample participants who are reflected to explain and describe their
experiences on smart- shaming. Also, one of its types, the homogenous sampling,
was suitable because the participants must have the same trait of being intelligent
for intelligent people are usually victims of being smart- shamed.
Research Instrument
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Schools Division Office I Pangasinan
Pangasinan National High School
Lingayen, Pangasinan
There are many techniques in gathering data for the analysis of
experiences. Interviews, questionnaires, observations, and records are the
different tools under collecting data. But for this study, semi- structured interview
will be the best suitable research instrument.
Interview is a formal face-to-face meeting or conversation in which facts or
statements are elicited from another. One of its types is called semi- structured
interview that is most often used in social sciences. This kind of interview is open,
and it allows new ideas to be brought up during the interview as a result of what
the interviewee says. This is the best suitable information gathering because it is
believed to provide a deeper understanding of social phenomena than would be
obtained from purely qualitative methods such as questionnaires.
But before all these, the researchers will request three master teachers,
teachers in Practical Research I, to validate the research questions and instrument
to be used in their study. Then, they will start building rapport and stimulate
openness from the participants. During the interaction, probing questions will be
asked with due consideration. The participants will be assumed and expected to
respond with utmost honesty and sincerity.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers will write and submit a letter seeking permission from the
principal of Pangasinan National High School to conduct this study. Upon
receiving the approval of the principal, the researchers will begin selecting
participants in Grade 11- HUMSS students using purposive sampling.
Then, choosing the first and second ranked students in every Grade 11-
HUMSS strand, they will first be asked if they are willing to participate in this
study. With their compliance, they will be given a participant consent form to serve
as the evidence and assurance of their willingness and obligingness. They could
withdraw if they could not succeed any further with the interview such as being
too sensitive about the topic. With the consent form signed, the researchers will
find a good location and a specific time to conduct the interview.
The research instrument, the semi- structured interview, will be used to ask
them questions that will be ordered in a logical sequence. It will avoid a yes- or- no
questions to allow the participants to give a more detailed information about their
experiences on smart- shaming. Audio- recording through mobile phones will be
used to record their details for more accurate data. On the on- going interview,
some researchers write and take note of the observations they will notice such as
their facial expressions, hand gestures, eye contact, etc. These observations will be
important as they truly shown what the participants really feel. These will all be
written in a field note, which refers to the qualitative notes recorded by the
researchers during an interview and observation of a specific phenomenon they
are studying.
Lastly, the confidentiality of the information will be assured and maintained
as it offers respect and protection to the research participants. Therefore, as part
of the data gathering procedure, all details that could reveal the participants’
identities will be replaced with pseudonyms which are appropriate to maintain the
privacy of those interested parties, as what Rodger (2011) stated. Informational
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Schools Division Office I Pangasinan
Pangasinan National High School
Lingayen, Pangasinan
replacements will be observed during the transcription process so that only the
participants and the researchers know their real identities and other private
details.
After all these steps will be accomplished, the participants will receive full
gratitude from the researchers as they will obligingly share their experiences to the
researchers and be a part of the research study.
Finally, recordings and transcriptions will be analyzed through descriptive
phenomenology research design, a scientific method which involves observing and
describing the behavior of a subject without influencing it in any way.
Data Processing Procedure
The researchers will begin transcribing the data they will gather in the semi-
structured interview and observations written in their field notes. Transcription
process in qualitative research, according to Tiwari et.al. (2018), has made the
overall process of interpreting data very simple for researchers. It will be useful for
them to analyze and interpret information with ease as the participants’ details are
easily understandable for the need of better structure. First, transcribing the data
they will obtain using the audio- recording from the semi- interview which the
participants will share how it means to be smart- shamed and what experiences
they have encountered. Second will be their facial expressions, hand gestures, eye
contact, the sound of their voice, and their focus on the main topic which were all
written in the field notes. Lastly will be their personal information which they
wanted to keep confidential, a sign of respect and agreement between the
researchers and the participant.
After all these three important information will be accomplished and
transcribed, the researchers will start analyzing, interpreting, and reporting all the
results and data they will obtain. This will associate all the responses to answer
and give results to the two main objectives of the study. Data analysis will be done
using open- coding analysis. With this, themes and subthemes will be derived
from the responses of the participants.
Source: (Edi Wow! A Phenomenological Study about Smart- shaming Experiences of Grade 11-
Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) Students” by Gutierrez, Kyla M.,et.al)
Sample Number 2
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, participants of the study,
research instrument, data gathering procedure and data processing procedure.
Research Design
The researchers employed a phenomenological method to achieve the
objective of the study which is to understand and discover the lived experiences of
the Grade 11 ABM students involved in online shopping. This method allowed the
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Schools Division Office I Pangasinan
Pangasinan National High School
Lingayen, Pangasinan
participants to describe their experiences towards the modern way of buying
which is through online and it helped the researchers to take all necessary
information that is needed to make the research reliable and truthful.
The phenomenological approach is the most appropriate method to use in
this study because its goal is to gain a deeper understanding of a certain issue
and explore the lived experiences of an individual. It allowed the participants,
through interviews, to elicit their perspective towards online shopping and to
describe their experiences. As mentioned by Christensen, Johnson and Turner
(2010), the primary objective of phenomenological method is to explicate the
meaning, structure, and essence of the lived experiences of an individual, or a
group of people around a particular phenomenon.
Participants of the Study
The participants in this study will be ten (10) Grade 11 ABM students of
Pangasinan National High School who have previous experiences on online
shopping.
This study will use purposive sampling because the participants will be
selected according to the purpose of the study. According to Arikunto (2010:183),
purposive sampling is the process of selecting sample by taking subject that is not
based on the level of area, but it is taken based on the specific purpose. It is a
method of sampling where the researcher intentionally chooses who to include in
the study based on their ability to give necessary data. The reason for choosing
this sampling is that the researchers seek to discover the perceptions of Grade 11
ABM Students, which the participants would provide by virtue of their
experiences. According to Foley (2018), researchers use purposive sampling to
access a particular subset of people, as all participants of a study are selected
because they fit a particular profile.
Research Instrument
The researchers will use a semi-structured interview as a data gathering
instrument for this study. Interviewing is the most appropriate research
instrument to be used in this study because the intent of this study is to gather
the participants’ views and experiences on online shopping by means of
interviewing the participant who have previous online shopping experiences, we
can gather enough information about this topic.
The interview guides will be validated by three (3) Master Teachers in
Pangasinan National High School who are teaching Practical Research I. A semi-
structured interview guide containing open-ended questions will be asked for the
participants who have experienced online shopping.
The interviews will be recorded and then transcribed and, note taking of
body movements, feelings, behavior, gestures, and facial expressions will be
observed to uncover the underlying emotions from the participants during the
interview. Prior to this, the researchers will try to build rapport, openness, and
respect with the participants.
Data Gathering Procedure
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Schools Division Office I Pangasinan
Pangasinan National High School
Lingayen, Pangasinan
The study will begin by requesting permission for the approval of conducting
our interview from the principal of Pangasinan National High School through a
letter of consent form. The researchers will personally ask the participants to be
interviewed and they will be given a letter of consent form.
Data will be gathered from the 10 participants with the use semi-structured
interview guide containing both closed and open-ended questions with the aim of
getting information on their experiences as well as the use of field notes to gather
essential information necessary in this study. Audio-recording and field notes will
also be used to record their thoughts as well as their gestures, facial expressions,
behavior.
Also, the researchers will assure to offer respect and protection to our
participants through assurance of confidentiality of information and anonymity by
not revealing their identity. Therefore, as part of data collection process, all
identifying information that could reveal the participants’ identities, places or
things that could make such identities easily known was replaced with
pseudonyms or other fictitious representations as are appropriate to maintain the
privacy of those interested parties (Rodger, 2011). During the transcription,
analysis and encoding of the data, informational replacements will be observed so
that only the participants and the researchers know their identities and other
private details.
Data Processing Procedure
Data will be gathered by the researchers through interviews and field notes.
After gathering all the data, the researchers will transcribe the thoughts of our
participants that will be recorded using smartphones with the permission of the
participants. After the transcription of the data, the researchers will analyze and
understand the thoughts and responses of the participants. Confidentiality of the
identities of our participants will be observed using fictitious or pseudonyms
representations after transcribing their responses.
Thereafter, all the data will be collected by the researchers including the
participants’ behaviors, facial expressions, gestures, movement, and their
emotions will be recorded. Then, the researchers will encode and finalize the data
that they will gather. The researchers will categorize their responses by combining
the thoughts that have similarities and getting the main idea which will then be
analyzed to come up with themes and sub-themes. The researchers will interpret
and analyze the data using open-coding analysis in which they will look for the
commonalities to generate themes and sub-themes based on the responses of the
participants.
Source: (Perceptions of Grade 11 Accountancy Business and Management (ABM) Students on
Online Shopping by Decena, Dexter, et.al.)
