Jawapan 10

Jawapan
Bab Fungsi dan Persamaan Kuadratik dalam Satu Pemboleh Ubah

1 Quadratic Functions and Equations in One Variable
1. Ungkapan Ya/Bukan Sebab

Expression Yes/No Reason
(a) m2 − 2m + 4 Ya/Yes Mempunyai satu pemboleh ubah sahaja dan kuasa tertinggi bagi x ialah 2.
Has only one variable and the highest power of x is 2.
(b) a − 16 Bukan/No Kuasa tertinggi bagi pemboleh ubah a ialah 1.

The highest power of variable a is 1.
(c) −4p2 Ya/Yes Mempunyai satu pemboleh ubah sahaja dan kuasa tertinggi bagi x ialah 2.
Has only one variable and the highest power of x is 2.
(d) y2 − 5z + 3 Bukan/No Terdapat dua pemboleh ubah, iaitu y dan z.

There are two variables, namely y and z.
(e) 7 − 4ℎ2 + 3ℎ Ya/Yes Mempunyai satu pemboleh ubah, a dan kuasa tertinggi bagi a ialah 2.
Has one variable, a and the highest power of a is 2.
(f) (n + 2)(n − 3) Ya/Yes Mempunyai satu pemboleh ubah sahaja dan kuasa tertinggi bagi x ialah 2.
= n2 − 3n + 2n −6 Has only one variable and the highest power of x is 2.
= n2 − n − 6
1
Bukan/No Terdapat kuasa yang bukan nombor bulat.
(g) 8y2 − x 2 There is a power that is not a whole number.
q2 − 4q Bukan/No Bukan dalam bentuk ungkapan kuadratik.

(h) q – 1 Not in the form of a quadratic expression.
2.
P Q P Q
f f
–2
–4
–1 0
–2 6
0 1
2 18
1 4
4
2
Banyak kepada satu Banyak kepada satu

Many-to-one Many-to-one
hubungan banyak kepada satu / many-to-one relation
1 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Matematik Tingkatan 4 Jawapan
3. Fungsi
(a) f(x)= x2 + 2x – 8 (b) f(x)= –4x2 + 8x + 5
Function
Jenis hubungan Banyak kepada satu Banyak kepada satu

Type of relation Many-to-one Many-to-one
Nilai a
1 –4
Value of a
Bentuk graf
Shape of the graph
Titik pusingan Titik minimum Titik maksimum

Turning point Minimum point Maximum point
–4 + 2 –2 1 5
x= = = –1 – + 2
2 2 x= 2 2 = =1
f(x) = x2 + 2x − 8 2 2
= (–1)2 + 2(–1) – 8 f(x) = −4x + 8x + 5
2
Koordinat titik pusingan f(–1) = 1 – 2 – 8 = –4(1)2 + 8(1) + 5

Coordinates of turning point = –9 f(1) = –4 + 8 + 5
=9
Titik minimum
Minimum point Titik maksimum
= (–1, –9) Maximum point
= (1, 9)
Nilai b
2 8
Value of b
1 5
Paksi simetri –4 + 2 – +
x= = –1 x= 2 2 =1
Axis of symmetry 2
2
Nilai c
–8 5
Value of c
Pintasan-y
–8 5
y-intercept
4. (a) f(x) (b) f(x)

f(x) = x2 f(x) = 5 x2
2
1 2
f(x) = x
2 f(x) = 3 x2
2
x x
O O
Nilai a berkurang, graf menjadi lebih lebar.
Nilai a bertambah, graf menjadi lebih sempit.
The value of a decreases, the graph becomes wider.
The value of a increases, the graph becomes narrower.
© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 2

(c) f(x) (c) f(x)
x f(x) = –x2 + 5x
f(x) = –8x2 O
x
O
f(x) = –x2
f(x) = –12x2
Nilai a bertambah, graf menjadi semakin lebar.

Nilai a , 0 dan b . 0, maka paksi simetri berada
The value of a increases, the graph becomes wider.
di sebelah kanan paksi-y.
(d) f(x) The values of a , 0 and b . 0, thus the axis of
symmetry is on the right of y-axis.
x
f(x) = –3x2 O (d)
f(x)
f(x) = –x2 – 4x
x
O
f(x) = –5x2
Nilai a berkurang, graf menjadi lebih sempit.

The value of a decreases, the graph becomes narrower.
f(x) = –x2
5. (a) f(x)
Nilai a , 0 dan b , 0, maka paksi simetri berada
f(x) = x2 di sebelah kiri paksi-y.
The values of a , 0 and b , 0, thus the axis of
symmetry is on the left of y-axis.
6. (a) f(x)
x
O
f(x) = x2 – 4x
f(x) = x2
Nilai a  0 dan b , 0, maka paksi simetri berada x

O
di sebelah kanan paksi-y.
The value of a  0 and b , 0, thus the axis of f(x) = x2 – 5
symmetry is on the right of y-axis.
(b) f(x)
Pintasan-y = –5
f(x) = x2 y-intercept = –5
(b) f(x)
x f(x) = x2 + 4
O
x
f(x) = x2 + 7x O
Nilai a  0 dan b  0, maka paksi simetri berada f(x) = x2

di sebelah kiri paksi-y.
The value of a  0 and b  0, thus the axis of Pintasan-y = 4
symmetry is on the left of y-axis. y-intercept = 4

7.
(a) f(x) = (–2)2 + 3(–2) – c 9. (a) f(x)
6 = 4 – 6 – c f(x) = – 1 x2 + 5 x + 3
6 2 2
c = –8
(b) Titik P(0, 5) berada di paksi-y, maka nilai c = 5. 4

Point P(0, 5) is on the y-axis, thus the value of c = 5.
2
(c) f(x) = –2(4)2 + 5(4) – c
–5 = –32 + 20 – c x
–2 O 2 4 6
c = –7
(b) f(x)
(d) f(x) = 3(2)2 + c
–9 = 12 + c x
–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1
c = –21
–2
8. (a) Katakan dua sisi lain bagi segi tiga itu ialah x
dan y. –4
f(x) = 0.78x2 + 2.74x – 1.6
Let the other two sides of that triangle be x and y.
x + y + 13 = 30 –6
y = 30 − 13 − x
= 17 − x 10. (a) Apabila / When x = –3,
x2 + y2 = 132 Sebelah kiri = (–3)2 − (–3) − 12
x + (17− x)2 = 132
2
Left side = 9 + 3 – 12
x + (289 − 34x + x2) = 169
2
= 0 = sebelah kanan / right side
2x2 − 34x + 289 − 169 = 0
Maka, −3 ialah punca bagi persamaan
2x2 − 34x + 120 = 0
x2 – x – 12 = 0.
(x − 12)(x − 5) = 0
Thus, –3 is the root of the equation x2 – x − 12 = 0.
x = 12 atau / or x = 5
Maka, panjang dua sisi tersebut ialah 12 cm dan (b) Apabila / When y = 8,
5 cm. Sebelah kiri = 2(8)2 − 15(8) − 8
Thus, the lengths of the two sides are 12 cm and Left side = 128 − 120 – 8
5 cm.
= 0 = sebelah kanan / right side
Maka, 8 ialah punca bagi persamaan
(b) J(m) = 12m  12 m + 1 + (5m + 13)(2m – 2) 2y2 − 15y – 8 = 0.
= 6m2 + 12m + 10m2 – 10m + 26m – 26 Thus, 8 is the root of the equation 2y2 – 15y − 8 = 0.
= 16m2 + 28m – 26 (c) Apabila / When g = 2,
(c) (i) Luas papan iklan Sebelah kiri = 2(2)2 − 7(2) + 3
Area of the advertisement board Left side = 8 – 14 + 3
= 2(3p + 1) = –3
= (6p + 2) m2 ≠ sebelah kanan / right side
K(p) = (45p – 3)(6p + 2) Maka, 2 bukan punca bagi persamaan
= 270p2 + 90p – 18p – 6 2g2 – 7g + 3 = 0.
= 270p2 + 72p – 6 Thus, 2 is not the root of the equation 2g2 – 7g + 3 = 0.
(ii) K(p) = 1 250 (d) Apabila / When h = –2,

270p2 + 72p – 6 = 1 250 Sebelah kiri = 8(–2)2 + 4(–2)
270p2 + 72p – 1 256 = 0 Left side = 32 − 8
Ungkapkan persamaan dalam = 24
bentuk ax2 + bx + c = 0. ≠ sebelah kanan / right side
Express the equation in the form of
ax2 + bx + c = 0. Maka, −2 bukan punca bagi persamaan
8h2 + 4h = 9.
Thus, –2 is not the root of the equation 8h2 + 4h = 9.

11. (a) 2x(x – 9) = 0 (c) 2[(x 2 − 2) − x] = 5x

x = 0 atau x = 9 2x 2 – 4 − 2x = 5x
or 2x 2 − 7x − 4 = 0
(2x + 1)(x – 4) = 0
(b) 5x2 – 3 = 14x
5x2 – 14x – 3 = 0 x = – 1 atau x = 4
2 or
(x – 3)(5x + 1) = 0
x = 3 atau x = – 1
or 5 13. (a) Nilai a = 1  0, graf berbentuk .
Value of a = 1 . 0, shape of graph .
(c) 4x2 + x – 2 = 10 – 12x Apabila / When f(x) = 0,
4x2 + x + 12x – 2 – 10 = 0 x2 – 9x + 14 = 0
4x2 + 13x – 12 = 0 (x – 2)(x – 7) = 0
(4x – 3)(x + 4) = 0 x = 2 atau / or x = 7
x = 3 atau x = –4
4 or Apabila / When x = 0,
f(0) = 02 + 9(0) + 14
(d) x(x + 2) = –3x + 14 = 14
x2 + 2x = –3x + 14 f(x)
x + 2x + 3x – 14 = 0
2
x2 + 5x – 14 = 0
(x – 2)(x + 7) = 0 14
x = 2 atau x = –7
or
(e) 2x2 + 8x = –2x – 12

2x + 8x + 2x + 12 = 0
2
x
2x2 + 10x + 12 = 0 O 2 7
x2 + 5x + 6 = 0
(x + 2)(x + 3) = 0
x = –2 atau x = –3
or (b) Nilai a = 1  0, graf berbentuk .
Value of a = 1 . 0, shape of graph .
(f) 3x2 – x + 6x – 2 – 6 = 0 Apabila / When f(x) = 0,
3x2 + 5x – 8 = 0 x2 – 4x + 4 = 0
(x – 1)(3x + 8) = 0 (x – 2)(x – 2) = 0 Mempunyai satu
x = 1 atau x = – 8 x = 2 atau / or x = 2 nilai punca.
Has one root.
or 3
Apabila / When x = 0,
f(0) = 02 + 4(0) + 4
12. (a) 2y 2 = −3(y − 3) = 4
2y 2 = −3y + 9
f(x)
2y + 3y − 9 = 0
2
(2y − 3)(y + 3) = 0
y = 3 atau y = −3
2 or 4
(b) 2y 2 − 2y = −5y + 2
2y + 3y – 2 = 0
2
(2y − 1)(y + 2) = 0
y = 1 atau y = −2 O
x
2 or 2


(c) Nilai a = 1 , 0, graf berbentuk . (ii) W(n) = 80

Value of a = 1 , 0, shape of graph . 15n2 – 40n = 80
15n2 – 40n – 80 = 0
Apabila / When f(x) = 0, 3n2 – 8n – 16 = 0
–x2 – 5 = 0 Graf tidak bersilang (n – 4)(3n + 4) = 0
–x2 = 5 pada paksi-x.
Graph does not n – 4 = 0 atau 3n + 4 = 0
x2 = –5
n = – 4
intersect at x-axis.
n = 4 or
3
Apabila / When x = 0, Apabila / When n = 4,
f(0) = –(0)2 – 5 Titik maksimum bersilang pada paksi-y. jumlah jisim anggur yang dibeli
= –5 Maximum point intersect at y-axis.
the total mass of grapes bought
Apabila / When x = 1, = 3n – 8
f(1) = –12 – 5 = 3(4) – 8
= –6 = 4 kg
f(x)
(d) (i) Penerjun B Penerjun A
Diver Diver
O
x p = 7.5 q= 5
1
(ii) Persamaan bagi penerjun A: h = –16t2 + 5
Equation of diver A
–16t2 + 5 = 0
–5 t 2 = –5
–16
–6
t = 0.56
Persamaan bagi penerjun B: h = –16t2 + 7.5
Equation of diver B

–16t2 + 7.5 = 0
14. (a) Menggunakan teorem Pythagoras t 2 = –7.5
Using the Pythagoras theorem
–16
t = 0.68
(2k + 3)2 + (k + 2)2 = (3k – 1)2 (e) (i) Katakan x ialah pengurangan setiap RM1
4k + 12k + 9 + k2 + 4k + 4 = 9k2 – 6k + 1
2
bagi kadar sewa per jam dan S(x) ialah
–4k2 + 22k + 12 = 0 jumlah sewaan mingguan.
2k2 – 11k – 6 = 0 Let x be the RM1 decrease in hourly rental rate
(2k + 1)(k – 6) = 0 and S(x) be the total weekly rental.
k = – 1 atau k = 6 Jumlah sewaan mingguan,

2 or The total of weekly rental,
= Kadar sewa per jam × Bilangan jam
Jarak adalah sentiasa positif, maka k = 6 cm. Rental rate per hour × Number of hours
Distance is always positive, thus k = 6 cm.
= (8 – x) × (180 + 12x)
= 1 440 + 96x – 180x – 12x2
(b) 2π(2j2) + 2πj = 440 = –12x2 – 84x + 1 440
7
(ii) S(x) = 1 224
4 22 j2 + 2 22 j – 440 = 0
7 7 7 –12x2 – 84x + 1 440 = 1 224
88j + 44j – 440 = 0
2 12x2 + 84x – 216 = 0
2j2 + j – 10 = 0 x2 + 7x – 18 = 0
(2j + 5)(j – 2) = 0 (x – 2)(x + 9) = 0
x – 2 = 0 atau x + 9 = 0
j = – 5 atau j = 2 x = 2 or x = –9
2 or
Pengurangan kadar sewa per jam = RM2
\ j . 0, j = 2 cm The decrease of rental rate per hour = RM2
Maka, kadar sewa sebuah basikal per jam
(c) (i) W(n) = 5n(3n – 8) Thus, the rental rate of a bicycle per hour
= 15n2 – 40n = RM8 – RM2
= RM6

1
f(x)
Praktis SPM
Kertas 1
4
1.
Kuasa tertinggi bagi pemboleh ubah suatu
ungkapan kuadratik ialah 2. x
–4 O 1
The highest power of variable of a quadratic expression
2
is 2.
Jawapan / Answer : D 3. (2x − 15)(5x) = 250

10x2 −75x − 250 = 0
2. 6 – (3q – 1)2 = 0 2x2 − 15x − 50 = 0
6 – (3q – 1)(3q – 1) = 0 (x − 10)(2x + 5) = 0
6 – (9q2 – 6q + 1) = 0 5
6 – 9q2 + 6q – 1 = 0 x = 10 atau / or x = −
2
–9q2 + 6q + 5 = 0 x > 0, x = 10
Jawapan / Answer : B Jumlah buku yang dibeli

Total number of books bought
3. 5m = 2 = 2(10) − 15
2m + 1 m–1 = 20 − 15
5m(m – 1) = 2(2m + 1) = 5
5m2 – 5m = 4m + 2 4. (4x − 5)(2x) = 700
5m2 – 5m – 4m – 2 = 0 8x2 −10x − 700 = 0
5m2 – 9m – 2 = 0 4x2 − 5x − 350 = 0
(5m + 1)(m – 2) = 0 (x − 10)(4x + 35) = 0
∴m=– 1,m=2 35
5 x = 10 atau / or x = −
4
Jawapan / Answer : C x > 0, x = 10
Maka, tinggi tangki
Kertas 2 Thus, the height of the tank
= 2(10) m
1. (x + 3)2 = 3x + 19 = 20 m
(x + 3)(x + 3) = 3x + 19
x2 + 6x + 9 = 3x + 19 Sudut KBAT
x2 + 6x − 3x + 9 − 19 = 0
x2 + 3x − 10 = 0 V = pj2t
(x − 2)(x + 5) = 0 22 5x – 1 2
x = 2, x = −5
2 156 =
7
 2
(14) 
2 156 (5x – 1)2
2. (a) –2x2 – 7x + 4 = 0 =
44 22
2x2 + 7x – 4 = 0
25x2 – 10x + 1
(2x – 1)(x + 4) = 0 49 =
2x – 1 = 0 atau x + 4 = 0 4
x = 1 or x = –4 196 = 25x2 – 10x + 1
2 25x2 – 10x – 195 = 0
(b) a = –2  0, maka graf berbentuk / thus shape of
5x2 – 2x – 39 = 0
graph .
(x – 3)(5x + 13) = 0
Apabila / When x = 0,
f(0) = –2(0)2 –7(0) + 4 x – 3 = 0 atau 5x + 13 = 0
13
=4 x = 3 or x = –
5
Maka / Thus, x = 3

Jawapan Praktis Ekstra SPM 1
1. a  0
b=0
c = 25
y = (x + 5)(x − 5)
= x2 − 25
Persamaan graf / Equation of the graph
y = x2 + 25
2. f(x) = 3x2 − 5x + c
3(−1)2 − 5(−1) + c = 0
3 + 5 + c = 0
c = −8
3. y = x2 − 4x + 3
1 = 22 − 4(2) + 3
1 = 4 − 8 + 3
1 ≠ −1
Titik (2, 1) tidak memuaskan persamaan y = x2 − 4x + 3.
The point (2, 1) does not satisfy the equation y = x2 − 4x + 3.
4. A(x) = x(7 − x)
= 7x − x2
5. y = ax2 + bx + c
(0, 0):
0 = a(0)2 + b(0) + c
c=0
(1, 5):
5 = a(1)2 + b(1) + c
5=a+b+0
5 = a + b ........................a
(–1, 3):
3 = a(−1)2 + b(−1) + c
3 = a − b ........................b
a + b:
8 = 2a
a=4
Dari / From a:
5 = a + b
5 = 4 + b
b=1
Maka, / Thus,
a = 4, b = 1, c = 0

7x – 13 3
6. =
2 3x
3x(7x − 13) = 2(3)
21x2 − 39x − 6 = 0
7x2 − 13x − 2 = 0
(7x + 1)(x − 2) = 0
7x + 1 = 0 atau / or x − 2 = 0
1
x = − x = 2
7
1
∴ x = − , 2
7
7. (x + 5)2 = 3x + 43
(x + 5)(x + 5) = 3x + 43
x2 + 10x + 25 = 3x + 43
x2 + 10x − 3x + 25 − 43 = 0
x2 + 7x − 18 = 0
(x − 2)(x + 9) = 0
x − 2 = 0
atau / or x + 9 = 0
x = 2 x = −9
∴ x = 2,−9
8. (a) Umur Fatimah / Fatimah's age = x
Umur Racheal / Racheal’s age = x – 8
Persamaan kuadratik / Quadratic equation
x(x − 8) = 20
x2 − 8x – 20 = 0
(b) x2 − 8x − 20 = 0
(x − 10)(x + 2) = 0
x − 10 = 0 atau / or x + 2 = 0
x = 10 x = −2 (Abaikan / Ignore)
Maka, Umur Racheal / Thus, Racheal’s age
= 10 − 8
=2
9. Katakan diameter satu bulatan / Let the diameter of a circle = x
4x(x) = 64
4x2 = 64
x2 = 16
x = 4
Maka, diameter satu bulatan ialah 4 m. / Thus, the diameter of a circle is 4 m.
0. (a) −x2 − 4x + 21 = 0
1
x2 + 4x − 21 = 0
(x + 7)(x − 3) = 0
x + 7 = 0 atau / or x − 3 = 0
x = −7 x = 3
y
(b) a = −1  0, maka graf berbentuk .
a = −1  0, thus the shape of the graph is . 21
Apabila / When x = 0
f(x) = −(0)2 − 4(0) + 21
= 21
x
–7 0 3

Jawapan
Bab Asas Nombor
2 Number Bases
1. Digit Digit
Asas nombor Contoh Asas nombor Contoh
Number base digunakan Example Number base digunakan Example
Digits used Digits used
(a) Asas 3 (e) Asas 7 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,

0, 1, 2 2023 442657
Base 3 Base 7 6
(b) Asas 4 (f) Asas 8 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,

0, 1, 2, 3 23124 32178
Base 4 Base 8 6, 7
(c) Asas 5 (g) Asas 9 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,

0, 1, 2, 3, 4 415 4189
Base 5 Base 9 6, 7, 8
(d) Asas 6
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 2546
Base 6
2. Asas a Nilai tempat / Place value

Base a
a0 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7
(a) Asas 3
1 3 9 27 81 243 729 2187
Base 3
(b) Asas 4
1 4 16 64 256 1024 4096 16384
Base 4
(c) Asas 5
1 5 25 125 625 3125 15625 78125
Base 5
(d) Asas 6
1 6 36 216 1296 7776 46656 279936
Base 6
(e) Asas 7
1 7 49 343 2401 16807 117649 823543
Base 7
(f) Asas 8
1 8 64 512 4096 32768 262144 2097152
Base 8
(g) Asas 9
1 9 81 729 6561 59049 531441 4782969
Base 9
(h) Asas 10
1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000
Base 10

3. (a) 100112 (g) 586149
Nombor Nombor
1 0 0 1 1 5 8 6 1 4
Number Number
Nilai Nilai
tempat 24 23 22 21 20 tempat
Place value 94 93 92 91 90
Place
value
Nilai digit 1 × 24 0 × 23 0 × 22 1 × 21 1 × 20
Digit value = 16 = 0 =0 =2 =1 Nilai 5 × 94 8 × 93 6 × 92 1 × 91 4 × 90
digit = 32805 = 5832 = 486 = 9 =4
(b) 12023 Digit
value
Nombor
1 2 0 2
Number
4. (a)
Nilai tempat
33 32 31 30
Place value Nombor
1 1 0 1
1×3 3
2×3 2
0×3 1
2×3 0 Number
Nilai digit
Digit value = 27 = 18 =0 =2 Nilai tempat
23 22 21 20
Place value
(c) 44135 Nilai digit 1 × 23 1 × 22 0 × 21 1 × 20
Digit value =8 =4 =0 =1
Nombor
4 4 1 3 (1 × 2 ) + (1 × 2 ) + (0 × 2 )
3 2 1
Number
Nilai nombor + (1 × 20)
Nilai tempat Number values
53 52 51 50 = 8 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 1310
Place value
Nilai digit 4 × 53 4 × 52 1 × 51 3 × 50
Digit value = 500 = 100 =5 =3 (b)
Nombor
(d) 54236 1 2 2 1
Number
Nombor Nilai tempat
5 4 2 3 33 32 31 30
Number Place value
Nilai tempat Nilai digit 1 × 33 2 × 32 2 × 31 1 × 30

63
6 2
6 1
6 0
Digit value = 27 = 18 =6 =1
Place value
Nilai digit 5 × 63 4 × 62 2 × 61 3 × 60 (1 × 3 ) + (2 × 3 ) + (2 × 3 )
3 2 1
Nilai nombor + (1 × 30)

Digit value = 1080 = 144 = 12 =3 Number values
= 27 + 18 + 6 + 1 = 5210
(e) 6467
(c)
Nombor
6 4 6
Number Nombor
3 2 1
Nilai tempat Number
72 71 70
Place value Nilai tempat
42 41 40
Nilai digit 6 × 72 4 × 71 6 × 70 Place value
Digit value = 294 = 28 =6 Nilai digit 3 × 42 2 × 41 1 × 40
Digit value = 48 =8 =1
(f) 62578
Nilai nombor (3 × 4 ) + (2 × 4 ) + (1 × 4 )
2 1 0
Nombor = 48 + 8 + 1 = 57
6 2 5 7 Number values
Number 10
Nilai tempat
83 82 81 80
Place value
Nilai digit 6 × 83 2 × 82 5 × 81 7 × 80
Digit value = 3072 = 128 = 40 =7

(d) (g)
Nombor Nombor
3 4 3 4 7 7
Number Number
Nilai tempat Nilai tempat
Place value
53 52 51 50 81 80
Place value
Nilai digit 3 × 53 4 × 52 3 × 51 4 × 50 Nilai digit
Digit value 7 × 81 = 56 7 × 80 = 7
= 375 = 100 = 15 =4 Digit value
(3 × 5 ) + (4 × 5 ) + (3 × 5 )
3 2 1
Nilai nombor + (4 × 50) Nilai nombor (7 × 8 ) + (7 × 8 )

1 0
Number values Number values = 56 + 7 = 6310

= 375 + 100 + 15 + 4 = 49410
(e)
(h)
Nombor
4 3 0 2 Nombor
Number
5 1 7 6
Number
Nilai tempat
6 3
62
61
60
Nilai tempat
Place value
93 92 91 90
Place value
Nilai digit 4×6 3
3×6 2
0×6 1
2×6 0
Digit value = 864 = 108 =0 =2 Nilai digit 5 × 93 1 × 92 7 × 91 6 × 90

Digit value = 3 645 = 81 = 63 =6
(4 × 63) + (3 × 62) + (0 × 61)
Nilai nombor + (2 × 60) (5 × 93) + (1 × 92) + (7 × 91)
Number values Nilai nombor + (6 × 90)
= 864 + 108 + 0 + 2 = 97410 Number values
= 3 645 + 81 + 63 + 6 = 3 79510
(f)
Nombor
5 3 4
Number
Nilai tempat
72 71 70
Place value
Nilai digit 5 × 72 3 × 71 4 × 70
Digit value = 245 = 21 =4
Nilai nombor (5 × 7 ) + (3 × 7 ) + (4 × 7 )
2 1 0
Number values = 245 + 21 + 4 = 27010
5. (a) Nilai tempat Maka / Thus,

53 = 125 52 = 25 51 = 5 50 = 1
Place value 4810 = 1435
Pembahagian 48 , 125 48 . 25 23 . 5 3.1
Division 1 4 3
25 48 5 23 1 3
– 25 – 20 – 3
23 3 0
(b) Nilai tempat

Maka / Thus,
73 = 343 72 = 49 71 = 7 70 = 1
Pembahagian 256 , 343 256 . 49 11 . 5 4.1
Division
5 1 4
49 256 7 11 1 4
– 245 – 7 – 4
11 4 0


(c) Nilai tempat Maka / Thus,
84 = 4 096 83 = 512 82 = 64 81 = 8 80 = 1
Pembahagian 703 , 4 096 703 . 512 191 . 64 63 . 8 7.1
Division
1 2 7 7
512 703 64 191 8 63 1 7
– 512 – 128 – 56 – 7
191 63 7 0
(d) Nilai tempat

Maka / Thus,
94 = 6 561 93 = 729 92 = 81 91 = 9 90 = 1
Pembahagian 941 , 6 561 941 . 729 212 . 81 50 . 9 5.1
Division 1 2 5 5
729 941 81 212 9 50 1 5
– 729 – 162 – 45 – 5
212 50 5 0
6. (a) 111102 (f) 1135 5

2 30 33
2 15 –0 5 6 –3
2 7 –1 5 1 –1
2 3 –1 0 –1
2 1 –1
0 –1 (g) 24005 5 350
5 70 –0
(b) 2113 3 22 5 14 –0
3 7 –1 5 2 –4
3 2 –1 0 –2
0 –2
(h) 146
6 46
(c) 2003 3 18 6 7 –4
3 6 –0 6 1 –1
3 2 –0 0 –1
0 –2
(i) 23436 6 567
6 94 –3
6 15 –4
(d) 2234 4 43 6 2 –3
4 10 –3 0 –2
4 2 –2
0 –2 (j) 12647
7 487
7 69 –4
(e) 13204 4 120 7 9 –6
4 30 –0 7 1 –2
4 7 –2 0 –1
4 1 –3
0 –1

(k) 1647 7 95 (n) 10789 9 800

7 13 –4 9 88 –8
7 1 –6 9 9 –7
0 –1 9 1 –0
0 –1
(l) 6358 8 413
8 51 –5 (o) 43229 9 3179
8 6 –3 9 353 –2
0 –6 9 39 –2
9 4 –3
(m) 46258 8 0 –4
2453
8 306 –5
8 38 –2
8 4 –6
0 –4
7. (a)
Nilai digit 1 × 43 3 × 42 2 × 41 3 × 40
Digit value = 64 = 48 =8 =3 7 123
Nilai nombor dalam asas 10 64 + 48 + 8 + 3 7 17 –4
Number values in base 10 = 12310 7 2 –3
0 –2
Maka / Thus, 13234 = 12310 = 2347
(b) 9 1195
Nilai digit 5 × 63 3 × 62 1 × 61 1 × 60
Digit value = 1 080 = 108 =6 =1 9 132 –7
Nilai nombor dalam asas 10 1 080 + 108 + 6 + 1 9 14 –6
0 –1
Maka / Thus, 53116 = 119510 = 15679
(c) 3 692
Nilai digit 2 × 73 0 × 72 0 × 71 6 × 70
Digit value = 686 =0 =0 =6 3 230 –2
3 76 –2
Nilai nombor dalam asas 10 686 + 0 + 0 + 6
3 8 –1
Maka / Thus, 20067 = 69210 = 2211223 3 2 –2
0 –2
(d)
Nilai digit 6 × 92 8 × 91 7 × 90 8 565
Digit value = 486 = 72 =7 8 70 –5
Nilai nombor dalam asas 10 486 + 72 + 7 8 8 –6
0 –1
Maka / Thus, 6879 = 56510 = 10658

8. (a) (d)
Nombor asas 2 Nombor asas 2
0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
Number in base 2 Number in base 2
Nilai tempat Nilai tempat
22 21 20 22 21 20 22 21 20 22 21 20
Place value Place value
Nilai digit Nilai digit
0 0 1 4 2 0 4 2 0 0 2 1
Digit value Digit value
Nilai digit (asas 10) 0 + 0 + 1 4+2+0 Nilai digit (asas 10) 4 + 2 + 0 0+2+1
Digit values (base 10) = 1 =6 Digit values (base 10) = 6 =3
∴ 11102 = 168 ∴ 1100112 = 638
(b)
9. (a) 148 001 100 2

Nombor asas 2 1 48
0 1 0 0 0 1
Number in base 2
Nilai tempat (b) 358 011 101 2

22 21 20 22 21 20 3 58
Place value
Nilai digit (c) 478 100 111 2
0 2 0 0 0 1
Digit value 4 78
Nilai digit (asas 10) 0 + 2 + 0 0+0+1 (d) 738 111 011 2
Digit values (base 10) = 2 =1
7 38
∴ 100012 = 218 110 000 010
(e) 6028 2
6 0 28
(c)
(f) 1528 001 101 010
Nombor asas 2 2
0 1 1 0 1 1 1 5 28
Number in base 2
Nilai tempat
22 21 20 22 21 20
Place value
Nilai digit
0 2 1 0 2 1
Digit value
Nilai digit (asas 10) 0 + 2 + 1 0+2+1
Digit values (base 10) = 3 =3
∴ 110112 = 338
10. (a) Nombor asas 8

5 2 6
Number in base 8
Nilai tempat (asas 2)
22 21 20 22 21 20 22 21 20
Place value (base 2)
1 × 22 0 × 21 1 × 20 0 × 22 1 × 21 0 × 20 1 × 22 1 × 21 0 × 20
Nilai nombor (asas 10) =4 =0 =1 =0 =2 =0 =4 =2 =0
Digit value (base 10)
4+0+1=5 0+2+0=2 4+2+0=6
Digit dalam asas 2
101 010 110
Digit in base 2
∴ 5268 = 1010101102


(b) Nombor asas 8
7 3 4
Number in base 8
Nilai tempat (asas 2)
22 21 20 22 21 20 22 21 20
Place value (base 2)
1 × 22 1 × 21 1 × 20 0 × 22 1 × 21 1 × 20 1 × 22 0 × 21 0 × 20
Nilai nombor (asas 10) =4 =2 =1 =0 =2 =1 =4 =0 =0
Digit value (base 10)
4+2+1=7 0+2+1=3 4+0+0=4
Digit dalam asas 2
111 011 100
Digit in base 2
∴ 7348 = 1110111002
11. (a) 11102 1 68 Asas 3 / Base 3

001 1102 (a) 11203 (b) 12003
1 1 1 1
(b) 110102 3 28 2 0 13 1 0 2 13
+ 2 1 23 + 1 0 23
011 0102
1 1 2 03 1 2 0 03
(c) 1011012 5 58
101 1012 (c) 20013 (d) 120123
1 1 1 1
(d) 1111002 7 48 1 2 2 13 2 2 1 03
+ 1 03 + 2 1 0 23
111 1002
2 0 0 13 1 2 0 1 23
(e) 10000012 1 0 18
Asas 4 / Base 4
001 000 0012
(a) 3214 (b) 21114
(f) 101000102 2 4 28 1 1
010 100 0102 2 0 34 1 3 0 14

+ 1 1 24 + 2 1 04
3 2 14 2 1 1 14
12. Asas 2 / Base 2
(a) 10012 (b) 100112 (c) 20224 (d) 100324
1 1 1
1 1
1 0 12 1 1 0 12
2 0 0 34 3 0 1 24
+ 1 0 02 + 1 1 02
+ 1 34 + 1 0 2 04
1 0 0 12 1 0 0 1 12
2 0 2 24 1 0 0 3 24
(c) 11002 (d) 101102
1 1 1 1 Asas 5 / Base 5
1 0 0 12 1 1 0 12
+ 1 12 + 1 0 0 12 (a) 10225 (b) 24245
1 1 0 02 1 0 1 1 02 1 1
3 4 05 2 1 0 45
+ 1 3 25 + 3 2 05
1 0 2 25 2 4 2 45

(c) 13325 (d) 110325 Asas 9 / Base 9

1 1 1 1 1 (a) 8609 (b) 46369
1 2 4 35 4 1 4 05 1 1
6 2 89 4 1 0 79
+ 3 45 + 1 3 4 25
+ 2 3 19 + 5 2 89
1 3 3 25 1 1 0 3 25
8 6 09 4 6 3 69

Asas 6 / Base 6 (c) 57839 (d) 118329

1 1 1
(a) 4206 (b) 15146 5 3 7 09 8 7 3 59
1 1 1 + 4 1 39 + 2 0 8 69
2 4 16 1 4 5 06
+ 1 3 56 + 2 46 5 7 8 39 1 1 8 3 29
4 2 06 1 5 1 46
13. (a) 132 → 3 010
4
(c) 33526 (d) 111306 1024 → + 1 810
1 1 1 1 1
3 2 0 56 4 1 3 26 4 810
+ 1 4 36 + 2 5 5 46
3 3 5 26 1 1 1 3 06 4 48
4 12 –0
Asas 7 / Base 7 4 3 –0
0 –3
(a) 5117 (b) 6337
1 1 1
4 1 57 3 6 17 1324 + 1024 = 3004
+ 6 37 + 2 4 27
5 1 17 6 3 37 (b) 1
16047 → 6 4 110
3527 → + 1 8 410
(c) 26527 (d) 130447 8 2 510
1 1 1 1
2 4 5 37 5 2 0 37
7 825
+ 1 6 67 + 4 5 4 17
7 117 –6
2 6 5 27 1 3 0 4 47
7 16 –5
7 2 –2
Asas 8 / Base 8 0 –2
(a) 5578 (b) 55478 16047 + 3527 = 22567
1
4 5 18 5 1 7 68
+ 3 5 18 (c) 1 1 1
+ 1 0 68 17459 → 1 3 3 710
5 5 78 5 5 4 78 8179 → + 6 6 410
2 0 0 110
(c) 61448 (d) 53278
1 1 1 9 2001
6 1 2 58 3 4 7 18 9 222 –3
+ 1 78 + 1 6 3 68
9 24 –6
6 1 4 48 5 3 2 78 9 2 –6
0 –2
17459 + 8179 = 26639

14. Asas 2 / Base 2 (c) 12215 (d) 20405

(a) 102 (b) 10112 1 5
3
4
5 5
0 2 2 1 4 45
1 1 1 12 4 0 2 35
1 0 02 – 4 2 35
– 1 0 02 – 1 4 3 35
– 1 02
1 2 2 15
1 0 1 12 2 0 4 05
1 02

(c) 10002 (d) 100102 Asas 6 / Base 6

0 2 0 2
1 0 0 0 12 1 1 1 0 12 (a) 2116 (b) 5356
– 1 0 0 12 – 1 0 1 12 3 6 6 6
0 2 1 6
1 0 0 02 1 0 0 1 02 4 0 36 1 3 2 46
– 1 5 26 – 3 4 56
Asas 3 / Base 3 2 1 16 5 3 56
(a) 1123 (b) 1203
1 3 3 (c) 233036 (d) 303346
0 0 3
2 2 03 1 1 0 23 5 6 6
– 1 0 13 3 6 0 1 6
– 2 1 23 2 4 5 0 46 4 0 1 2 36
1 1 23 1 2 03 – 1 2 0 16 – 5 3 4 56
2 3 3 0 36 3 0 3 3 46
(c) 10113 (d) 101213
2 0 1 23 1 3
Asas 7 / Base 7
1 2 2 0 13
– 1 0 0 13
– 2 0 1 03 (a) 5127 (b) 6317
1 0 1 13
1 0 1 2 13 3 7 0 7
6 4 07 1 5 4 47
– 1 2 57 – 6 1 37
Asas 4 / Base 4 5 1 27 6 3 17
(a) 334 (b) 10324
1 4 4 (c) 6337 (d) 24347
2 2 4
2 1 34 1 3 3 04 2 7 3 7 5 7 4 7
– 1 2 04 3 0 4 27 6 2 5 37
– 2 3 24
3 34 – 2 1 0 67 – 3 5 1 67
1 0 3 24
6 3 37 2 4 3 47
(c) 11214 (d) 2124 Asas 8 / Base 8

1 4 4
2 2 1 34 2 0 4 (a) 3478 (b) 20648
3 1 0 24
– 1 0 3 24 4 8 8
– 2 2 3 04 5 2 78 3 5 8
1 1 2 14 2 4 6 18
2 1 24 – 1 6 08 – 3 7 58
3 4 78 2 0 6 48
Asas 5 / Base 5
(a) 1145 (b) 4025 (c) 21168 (d) 31718
6 8 4 8
0 5
2 3 45 3 3 7 48 7 5 0 68
1 2 0 45
– 1 2 05 – 1 2 5 68 – 4 3 1 58
– 3 0 25
1 1 45 2 1 1 68 3 1 7 18
4 0 25

Asas 9 / Base 9 (c) 67108 → 3 5 2 810

4 10
(a) 3879 (b) 11359 2348 → – 1 5 610

5 9 5 9
3 3 7 210
6 2 89 1 5 6 39
– 2 3 19 – 4 2 79 8 3372
3 8 79 1 1 3 59 8 421 –4
8 52 –5
(c) 23779 (d) 63819 8 6 –4
9 9
3 1 1 9 4 9 0 –6
4 2 2 59 8 5 5 49
– 1 7 3 79 – 2 1 6 39 67108 – 2348 = 64548
2 3 7 79 6 3 8 19 (d) 8 10
53617 → 1 9 0 510
4247 → – 2 1 410
15. (a) 9
4035 →
0 10 10
1 6 9 110
1 0 310
2145 → – 5 910
7 1691
4 410
7 241 –4
7 34 –3
5 44
7 4 –6
5 8 –4
0 –4
5 1 –3
0 –1
53617 – 4247 = 46347
4035 – 2145 = 1345 (e) 3224 →
4
5 810
10
1034 → – 1 910
(b) 35426 → 8 5 410
3 910
1256 → – 5 310
8 0 110
4 39
6 801 4 9 –3
6 133 –3 4 2 –1
6 22 –1 0 –2
6 3 –4
0 –3 3224 – 1034 = 2134
35426 – 1256 = 34136
16. (a) 3 × 63 1 × 62 2 × 61 4 × 60
Nilai digit / Digit value
= 648 = 36 = 12 =4
648 + 36 + 12 + 4
Nilai nombor dalam asas 10 / Number values in base 10 = 70010
Purata bilangan pelanggan / Average number of customers

700 6 100
=
7 hari / days
6 16 – 4
= 100 orang / customers
6 2 –4
= 2446 orang / customers
0 –2

(b) Nombor 0 hingga 9 bermaksud nombor dalam asas sepuluh / Numbers 0 to 9 mean numbers in base 10.
Nilai digit 3 × 45 1 × 44 1 × 43 2 × 42 1 × 41 3 × 40
Digit value = 3 072 = 256 = 64 = 32 =4 =3
Nilai nombor dalam asas 10 3 072 + 256 + 64 + 32 + 4 + 3
Number values in base 10 = 343110
Maka, kata laluan tersebut ialah 3431 / Thus, the password is 3431.
(c) (i) Maka, subjek dengan markah tertinggi

Subjek Markah
Subject Marks ialah Pendidikan Moral dan dengan markah
terendah ialah Bahasa Melayu.
Bahasa Melayu 6010 Thus, the subject with the highest marks is Moral
Studies and the subject with the lowest marks is
Bahasa Inggeris / English 7210 Bahasa Melayu.
Matematik / Mathematics 8410
Sejarah / History 6810
Pendidikan Moral / Moral Studies 9410
(ii) 1258 = 8510

Maka, Joanne tidak layak mendapat anugerah tersebut
Purata markah Joanne kerana purata markahnya kurang daripada 85.
The average marks of Joanne Thus, Joanne is not eligible to receive the award because her average
60 + 72 + 84 + 68 + 94 marks are lower than 85.
= = 75.6
5

Maka / Thus
Praktis SPM 2 10012 = 145
Jawapan / Answer : C
Kertas 1
5. Makanan / Food
1. Nilai tempat
3
5
34
33
3 2
31
3 0 = 1 × 93 + 5 × 92 + 7 × 91 + 3 × 90
Place value
= 729 + 405 + 63 + 3
Nombor = RM1 200
1 1 0 1 0 2
Number
Utiliti rumah / Home utilities

Nombor dalam asas tiga: 1101023
Number in base three = 3 × 43 + 3 × 42 + 2 × 41 + 2 × 40
= 192 + 48 + 8 + 2
Jawapan / Answer : D
= RM250
2. x7 = 73 + (2 × 7) + (3 × 70)
Belanja petrol / Petrol expenses
= 343 + 14 + 3
= 5 × 62 + 3 × 61 + 2 × 60
= 360
= 180 + 18 + 2
7 360 = RM200
7 51 –3 Pinjaman rumah / House loan
7 7 –2 = 3 × 83 + 4 × 82 + 1 × 81 + 0 × 80
7 1 –0 = 1 536 + 256 + 8 + 0
0 –1 = RM1 800
Maka / Thus Ansuran kereta / Car instalment
x7 = 10237 = 2 × 73 + 1 × 72 + 2 × 71 + 1 × 70
x = 1023 = 686 + 49 + 14 + 1
Jawapan / Answer : C = RM750
3. Nombor Jumlah wang yang digunakan sepanjang empat
1 1 2 1
Number bulan
Nilai The total money used during the four months
tempat 43 42 41 40 = (1 200 + 250 + 200 + 1 800 + 750) × 4
Place value = 4 200 × 4
Nilai (1 × 43) + (1 × 42) + (2 × 41) + (1 × 40) = RM16 800
nombor = 64 + 16 + 8 + 1
Number = 8910 Jawapan / Answer : D
value
Kertas 2
8 89 Baki 1. Ketinggian Menara Kuala Lumpur dalam asas

8 11 1 sepuluh
8 1 3 Height of Kuala Lumpur Tower in base ten
0 1 = 1 × 63 + 5 × 62 + 4 × 61 + 1 × 60
= 216 + 180 + 24 + 1
11214 = 8910 = 1318
= 421 m
∴ m = 131
Ketinggian Menara Telekom dalam asas sepuluh
Jawapan / Answer : D Height of Telekom Tower in base ten
4. 10012 = 1 × 23 + 1 × 20 = 9 = 3 × 92 + 7 × 91 + 4 × 90
= 243 + 63 + 4
5 9 = 310 m
5 1 –4 Maka, Menara Kuala Lumpur adalah lebih tinggi.
0 –1 Therefore, the Kuala Lumpur Tower is taller.

2. 6289 = (6 × 92) + (2 × 91) + (8 × 90) Baki jisim gula-gula yang diagihkan ke dalam peket
= 486 + 18 + 8 kecil
= 51210 Remaining sweets divided into small packets
Katakan m ialah harga asal / Let m be the original price = 80% × 30 kg
80 = 24 kg
m × = 512
100 100 Bilangan peket kecil (dalam asas sepuluh):
m = 512 × = 640
80 Number of small packets (in base 10):
5 640 Nombor
1 1 0
5 128 – 0 Number
5 25 – 3 Nilai tempat
22 21 20
5 5 –0 Place value
5 1 –0 (1 × 22) + (1 × 21) + (0 × 20)
Nilai
0 –1 =4+2+0
Value
=6
64010 = 100305
Bilangan peket kecil = 6
Number of small packets
3. Jisim seguni gula-gula (dalam asas sepuluh): Jisim gula-gula dalam peket kecil
Mass of a bag of sweets (in base ten): Mass of sweets in a small packet
Nombor / Number 3 3 = 24 kg ÷ 6
= 4 kg 7
4000 Baki / Remainders
Nilai tempat / Place value 91 90
= 4000 g 7571 3
(3 × 91) + (3 × 90)
7 81 4
Nilai / Value = 27 + 3
= 3010 7 11 4
7 1 4
Jisim seguni gula-gula = 30 kg
0 1
Mass of a bag of sweets
Jisim gula-gula dalam setiap peket kecil dalam asas
Jisim gula-gula yang diberikan kepada kawan tujuh
Mass of sweets given to a friend Mass of sweets in a small packet in base seven
= 20% × 30 kg = 144437 g
= 6 kg
Sudut KBAT
Ahad Isnin Selasa Rabu Khamis Jumaat Sabtu

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
07 17 27 37 47 57 67
107 117 127 137 147 157 167
207 217 227 237 247 257 267
307 317 327 337 347 357 367
407 417 427 437
Maka, nombor dalam asas 7 yang mewakili 24 hari bulan ialah 337.
Thus, the number in base 7 that represents 24 days is 337.

1. Asas 2 / Base 2 Asas 5 / Base 5

000 0
001 1
010 2
011 3
100 4
101 10
110 11
111 12
1000 13
1001 14
1010 20
1011 21
1100 22
2. 6 2 3 8 Baki / Remainder
6 3 9 – 4
6 6 – 3
6 1 – 0
0 – 1
23810 = 10346
Maka/ Thus, n = 0
3. 4758 = (4 × 82) + (7 × 81) + (5 × 80)
= 256 + 56 + 5
= 31710
5 3 1 7 Baki / Remainder
5 6 3 – 2
5 1 2 – 3
5 2 – 2
0 – 2
Maka/ Thus,
4758 = 22325
P = 2232
4. Nombor 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
Number
Nilai tempat 22 21 20 22 21 20 22 21 20
Place value
Nilai digit 4 2 0 0 2 0 4 0 1
Digit value
Asas 8 4+2+0 0+2+0 4+0+1
Base 8 =6 =2 =5
6258 = 1100101012
Maka/ Thus, n = 625

5. Nombor 1 1 0 0 1
Number
Nilai tempat 34 33 32 31 30
Place value
(1 × 34) + (1 × 33) + (0 × 32) + (0 × 31) + (1 × 30)
Nilai nombor = 81 + 27 + 0 + 0 + 1
Number value
= 10910
110013 = 10910
Maka/ Thus, x = 3
6. 4 × 74 + 2 × 73 + 50 = 4 × 74 + 2 × 73 + 49 + 1
= 4 × 74 + 2 × 73 + 1 × 72 + 1 × 70
= 421017
7. 1010112 + 110112 = 10001102

1 1 1 1
1 0 1 0 1 12
+ 1 1 0 1 12
1 0 0 0 1 1 02
8. x5 + 1435 = 3145
x5 = 3145 − 1435
2 6
3 1 45
– 1 4 35
1 2 15

Maka/ Thus, x = 121
9. 111104 − 32134 = 1m3n4

4 4 4
0 0 0 0 4
1 1 1 1 04
– 3 2 1 34
1 2 3 14
Maka/ Thus, m = 2, n = 1
0. 110112 = (1 × 24) + (1 × 23) + (0 × 22) + (1 × 21) + (1 × 20) = 2710

1
10113 = (1 × 33) + (0 × 32) + (1 × 31) + (1 × 30) = 3110
Nombor yang hilang
The missing number
27 + 31
=
2
= 2910

Jawapan
Bab Penaakulan Logik
3 Logical Reasoning
1. Ayat / Sentence ✓/✗ Ayat / Sentence ✓/✗
(a) (4 + 5)(4 – 5) = 42 – 52 ✓ (b) m – 2 = 7 ✓
(c) 2 ialah faktor bagi 20. ✓ (d) –3  9 ✓

2 is a factor of 20.
(e) Sebuah heksagon mempunyai 6 sisi. ✓ (f) Pukul berapakah sekarang? ✗

A hexagon has 6 sides. What is the time now?
(g) Sila beratur semasa membeli makanan

✗ (h) Bilakah bas itu akan bertolak ke Ipoh? ✗
di kantin. When does the bus leave for Ipoh?
Please queue to buy food at the canteen.
(i) Sungai Rajang adalah sungai yang

(j) Syabas, anda telah memenangi sebuah
terpanjang di Malaysia. ✓ ✗
komputer!
The Rajang River is the longest river in
Well done, you have won a computer!
Malaysia.
(k) (a – b)2 = a2 + 2ab – b2 ✓
Justifikasi / Justification
(a) Suatu ayat ialah pernyataan jika ayat itu dapat ditentukan nilai kebenarannya sama ada benar
atau palsu tetapi bukan kedua-duanya .
A sentence is a statement if the truth value of the sentence can be determined to be true or false
but not both .
(b) Suatu ayat adalah bukan pernyataan jika nilai kebenaran ayat itu tidak dapat tidak dapat .
A sentence is not a statement if the truth value of the sentence cannot be determined.
2. (a) Palsu / False (b) Palsu / False (c) Benar / True

Katakan m = 2 dan n = 1: Katakan p = 1 / Let p = 1
Let m= 2 and n = 1:
(d) Palsu / False
(1 – 2)3 = (–1)3 {1, 2, 3}  {2, 3, 5, 7, …}
(2 – 1) = 2 + 2(2)(1) – 1
2 2 2
= –1 ( 0) = {2, 3}
1  7
3. Angka dan simbol Pernyataan benar Pernyataan palsu

Numbers and symbols True statement False statement
(a) 6, {1 ,3, 6, 7, 9},  6  {1 ,3, 6, 7, 9} {1, 3, 6, 7, 9}  6
(b) 3 , 5 , 1 , –, = 3 – 5 = 1 / 5 – 1 = 3 3 – 1 = 5
4 6 12 4 6 12 6 12 4 4 12 6
(–20 + 56) ÷ 4 = 9
(c) ( ), –20, 4, 9, 56, ÷, +, = (–20 + 56) ÷ 4 = 9
(–20 + 56) ÷ 9 = 4

4. (a) Sebilangan (b) Semua 4 6

Some All 7. (a) 3 dan 5 ialah pecahan tak wajar.
(c) Semua (d) Sebilangan 4 6
and are improper fractions.
All Some 3 5
5. (a) Benar / True (b) Benar / True 4 6

(c) Palsu / False (d) Benar / True
3 atau 5 ialah pecahan tak wajar.
4 6
6. (a) palsu / false or is an improper fraction.
3 5
BBB
3
125 adalah tidak sama dengan 53. (benar)
BBB
3
125 is not the same as 53. (true) (b) 21  28 dan / and –21  –28
(b) palsu / false 21  28 atau / or –21  –28
Bulatan bukan sebuah poligon. (benar)
A circle is not a polygon. (true)
(c) palsu / false
Bukan semua integer adalah nombor positif.
(benar)
Not all integers are positive numbers. (true)
8. (a) 0.00703 = 7.03 × 103 7 030 = 7.03 × 10–3 Palsu / False

(palsu / false) (palsu / false)
(b) 1012 = 58 (benar / true) 2445 = 829 (benar / true) Benar / True
(c) 12.5 mempunyai tiga angka bererti. 0.125 mempunyai empat angka bererti. Palsu / False
(benar) (palsu)
12.5 has three significant figures. (true) 0.125 has 4 significant figures. (false)
(d) Hipotenus ialah sisi terpanjang dalam segi Diameter ialah dua kali jejari bulatan. Benar / True
tiga bersudut tegak. (benar) (benar)
Hypotenuse is the longest side in a right-angled A diameter is twice the radius of a circle. (true)
triangle. (true)
(e) 5 bukan integer. (benar) 25 ialah kuasa dua sempurna. (benar) Benar / True
5 is not an integer. (true) 25 is a perfect square. (true)
(f) Pentagon mempunyai 5 bucu. (benar) Pentagon mempunyai 6 sisi. (palsu) Benar / True
Pentagon has 5 vertices. (true) Pentagon has 6 sides. (false)
9. (a) Jika / If 9 + k =12, maka / then k = 9. 11. (a) 9 × 10n ialah bentuk piawai jika dan hanya jika
(b) Jika p dan q ialah nombor genap, maka hasil n ialah integer.
tambah p dan q ialah nombor genap. 9 × 10n is a standard form if and only if n is an integer.
If p and q are even numbers, then the sum of p and q
is even number. (b) a + b = 180° jika dan hanya jika a dan b adalah
sudut penggenap.
10. (a) Segi tiga ABC ialah Setiap sudut a + b = 180° if and only if a and b are supplementary
segi tiga sama sisi. pedalaman segi tiga angles.
Triangle ABC is an sama sisi ialah 60°.
equilateral triangle. Each interior angle of
equilateral triangle is
60°.
(b) –a3 = –8 a ialah integer

positif.
a is a positive integer.

12. (a) Jika ABC ialah segi tiga bersudut tegak, maka AC 2 Jika AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2, maka ABC ialah segi tiga
= AB2 + BC 2. bersudut tegak.
if ABC is a right-angled triangle, then AC 2 = AB2 + BC 2. If AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2, then ABC is a right-angled triangle.
(b) Jika j = 7 cm, maka 2j = 44 cm. Jika 2j = 44 cm, maka j = 7 cm.
If j = 7 cm, then 2j = 44 cm. If 2j = 44 cm, then j = 7 cm.
(c) Jika 8 ialah nombor genap, maka 8 boleh dibahagi Jika 8 boleh dibahagi tepat dengan 2, maka 8 ialah
tepat dengan 2. nombor genap.
If 8 is an even number, then 8 can be divided by 2 If 8 can be divided by 2 completely, then 8 is an even
completely. number.
(d) Jika x = 3, maka 5x – 2 = 13. Jika 5x – 2 = 13, maka x = 3.

If x = 3, then 5x – 2 = 13. If 5x – 2 = 13, then x = 3.
13. (a) Jika garis lurus AB dan garis lurus Jika mAB ≠ mPQ, maka garis lurus Jika garis lurus AB dan garis lurus
PQ adalah selari, maka mAB = mPQ. AB dan garis lurus PQ adalah tidak PQ adalah tidak selari, maka
If the straight line AB and straight line selari. mAB ≠ mPQ.
PQ are parallel, then mAB = mPQ. If mAB ≠ mPQ, then the straight line AB If the straight line AB and straight line
and straight line PQ are not parallel. PQ are not parallel, then mAB ≠ mPQ.
(b) Jika s dan t adalah sudut Jika s + t ≠ 90°, maka s dan t adalah Jika s dan t adalah bukan sudut
pelengkap, maka s + t = 90°. bukan sudut pelengkap. pelengkap, maka
If s and t are complementary angles, If s + t ≠ 90°, then s and t are not s + t ≠ 90°.
then s + t = 90°. complementary angles. If s and t are not complementary angles,
then s + t ≠ 90°.
14. (a) p : a5 ÷ a–3 = a2 Palsu / False

q : a5 × a–3 = a2 Benar / True
Pernyataan : Jika a5 ÷ a–3 = a2, maka a5 × a–3 = a2. Benar
Statement : If , a5 ÷ a–3 = a2, then a5 × a–3 = a2. True
Akas : Jika a5 × a–3 = a2, maka a5 ÷ a–3 = a2.
Palsu
Converse : If a5 × a–3 = a2, then a5 ÷ a–3 = a2. False
Songsangan : Jika a5 ÷ a–3 ≠ a2, maka a5 × a–3 ≠ a2. Palsu
Inverse : If a5 ÷ a–3 ≠ a2, then a5 × a–3 ≠ a2. False
Kontrapositif : Jika a5 × a–3 ≠ a2, maka a5 ÷ a–3 ≠ a2. Benar
Contrapositive : If a5 × a–3 ≠ a2, then a5 ÷ a–3 ≠ a2. True
(b) p : 40% daripada 80 ialah 20. / 40% of 80 is 20. Palsu / False

q : 0.4 × 80 = 3.2 Palsu / False
Pernyataan : Jika 40% daripada 80 ialah 20, maka 0.4 × 80 = 3.2. Benar
Statement : If 40% of 80 is 20, then 0.4 × 80 = 3.2 True
Akas : Jika 0.4 × 80 = 3.2, maka 40% daripada 80 ialah 20. Benar
Converse If 0.4 × 80 = 3.2, then 40% of 80 is 20. True
Songsangan : Jika 40% daripada 80 bukan 20, maka 0.4 × 80 ≠ 3.2. Benar
Inverse :
If 40% of 80 is not 20, then 0.4 × 80 ≠ 3.2. True
Kontrapositif : Jika 0.4 × 80 ≠ 3.2, maka 40% daripada 80 bukan 20. Benar
Contrapositive : If 0.4 × 80 ≠ 3.2, then 40% of 80 is not 20. True

15. (a) Palsu / False (b) Tidak sah dan tidak munasabah. Hujah deduktif
x2 + 4 = 0 bukan dalam Bentuk II atau III dan premis 1
x2 = –4 adalah tidak benar.
Persamaan kuadratik tidak mempunyai nilai Not valid and not sound. Deductive argument is not
punca. in Form II or III and premise 1 is not true.
The quadratic equation have no roots. Katakan / Let n = 2 (nombor perdana / prime
(b) Benar / True number)
(c) Palsu / False n + 1 = 2 + 1= 3 (nombor perdana / prime
{Nombor perdana / Prime numbers} = {2, 3, 5, ...} number)
{Nombor ganjil / Odd numbers} = {1, 3, 5, ...} (c) Sah tetapi tidak munasabah. Hujah deduktif
2  {nombor ganjil / odd numbers} dalam bentuk III tetapi premis 1 adalah tidak
benar.
16. (a) Sebilangan faktor bagi 24 ialah bukan gandaan
Valid but not sound. Deductive argument in Form III
2. (palsu)
but premise 1 is not true.
Some of factors of 24 are not multiples of 2. (false)
(d) Sah tetapi tidak munasabah. Hujah deduktif
1 dan 3 ialah faktor bagi 24 tetapi bukan
dalam Bentuk II tetapi premis 1 adalah tidak
gandaan 2.
benar.
1 and 3 are factors of 24 but not multiples of 2.
Valid but not sound. Deductive argument is in Form II
(b) Nilai ekstrem tidak mempengaruhi median.
but premise 1 is not true.
(benar)
(e) Sah dan munasabah. Hujah deduktif dalam
Extreme value does not affect median. (true)
Bentuk I dan semua premis dan kesimpulan
(c) Jika mEF = –1, maka EF ialah garis menegak.
adalah benar.
(palsu)
Valid and sound. Deductive argument in Form I and
If mEF = –1, then EF is a vertical line. (false)
all premises and conclusion are true.
Apabila kecerunan bernilai –1, garis lurus
adalah condong ke kiri.
19. (a)
Premis 1:
Semua poligon adalah dalam
When the value of gradient is –1, straight line leans to
2-dimensi.
the left.
Premise 1: All polygons are in 2-dimensional.
(d) Jika p – 6  0, maka p  0. (palsu) Premis 2: ABCD ialah sebuah poligon.
If p – 6 > 0, then p  0. (false) Premise 2: ABCD is a polygon.
Apabila p = 2, 2 – 6 = –4 < 0. Kesimpulan: ABCD adalah dalam 2-dimensi.
When p = 2, 2 – 6 = –4  0. Conclusion: ABCD is in 2-dimensional.
(e) Jika a  0, maka q
y = ax2 + bx + c tidak mempunyai titik (b) Premis 1: Jika q  8, maka 8 ialah pecahan
maksimum. (benar) tidak wajar.
If a  0, then y = ax2 + bx + c has no maximum point. Premise 1: If q  8, then q is an improper fraction.
(true) 8
q
Premis 2: 8 bukan pecahan tidak wajar.
17. (a) Hujah deduktif
q
Deductive argument Premise 2: 8 is not an improper fraction.
(b) Hujah induktif Kesimpulan / Conclusion: q  8
Inductive argument
(c) Hujah deduktif 20. (a) Kesimpulan: Bentuk P ada 5 sisi.
Deductive argument Conclusion: Shape P has 5 sides.
(d) Hujah induktif (b) Kesimpulan / Conclusion: 6y ≠ 18
Inductive argument (c) Kesimpulan: 5 ialah hipotenus.
(e) Hujah induktif Conclusion: 5 is hypotenuse.
Inductive argument
18. (a) Sah dan munasabah. Hujah deduktif dalam 21. (a) Semua segi tiga mempunyai tiga sudut.
Bentuk II dan semua premis dan kesimpulan All triangles have three angles.
adalah benar. (b) 9k . –8
Valid and sound. Deductive argument in Form II and 23
(c) Jika / If m 3 = 1, maka / then a = 2.
all premises and conclusion are true. a

22. (a) Hujah ini lemah kerana walaupun premis (d) (i) J(6) = 3 000 (62 + 6 + 1)
benar tetapi kesimpulan adalah palsu. = 129 000
This argument is weak because although the premises
are true, but the conclusion is false.
Jumlah penduduk di bandar Pelangi pada
(b) Hujah ini kuat dan meyakinkan kerana tahun ke-6 ialah 129 000.
kesemua premis dan kesimpulan adalah benar. The number of residents in Bandar Pelangi on the
6th year is 129 000.
This argument is strong and cogent because all the
premises and conclusion are true. (ii) J(t) = 93 000
(c) Hujah ini lemah kerana walaupun premis 3 000(t2 + t + 1) = 93 000
benar tetapi kesimpulan adalah palsu. (t2 + t + 1) = 31
This argument is weak because the premises are true t2 + t – 30 = 0
but the conclusion is false. (t – 5)(t + 6) = 0
(d) Hujah ini kuat dan meyakinkan kerana t = 5 atau / or t = –6 (tidak diterima/ not
kesemua premis dan kesimpulan adalah benar. accepted)
This argument is strong and cogent because all the
Maka, jumlah penduduk di Bandar Pelangi
premises and conclusion are true.
akan mencapai 93 000 orang pada tahun
(e) Hujah ini lemah kerana walaupun premis
ke-5.
benar tetapi kesimpulan adalah palsu. Thus, the number of residents in Bandar Pelangi
This argument is weak because although the premises will reach 93 000 people on the 5th year.
are true, but the conclusion is false.
(iii) Pada tahun 2022, t = 7. / In 2022, t = 7.
23. (a) 4n – 1, n = 0, 1, 2, 3, … J(7) = 3 000(72 + 7 + 1) = 171 000
(b) n3 – 9, n = 1, 2, 3, 4, … Jumlah peningkatan penduduk di Bandar
(c) 7 + n2, n = 0, 1, 2, 3, … Pelangi
(d) 3n2 – 5, n = 1, 2, 3, 4, … The total increase in the number of residents in
(e) 1 , n = 1, 2, 3, 4, … Bandar Pelangi
(n + 1)2 = 171 000 – 129 000 = 42 000
24. (a) n = 360°
sudut peluaran / exterior angle
n = 360° = 5
Praktis SPM 3
72°
Kertas 1
Poligon itu ialah pentagon.
The polygon is a pentagon.
1. Jika b2 – 4ac  0, maka persamaan kuadratik
(b) Kenyataan Nana adalah palsu.
Nana’s statement is false.
ax2 + bx + c = 0 mempunyai dua punca nyata.
If b2 – 4ac  0, then the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c
x = –1
= 0 has two real roots.
(–1)2 = 1 Berikan satu contoh
penyangkal.
(–1)3 = –1 Give a counter-example.
(–1)2 > (–1)3
(c) (i) C(8) = (8 + 12)2 2. Semua pasangan garis lurus yang selari
= RM400 mempunyai kecerunan yang sama. PQ dan RS
(ii) (t + 12)2 = 625 ialah pasangan garis lurus yang selari. PQ dan RS
t + 24t + 144 – 625 = 0
2
mempunyai kecerunan yang sama.
t2 + 24t – 481 = 0 All pairs of parallel straight lines have the same
t = 13 , t = –37 (tidak diterima / gradient. PQ and RS are pairs of parallel straight
not accepted) lines. PQ and RS have the same gradient.
Maka, kutipan derma berjumlah RM625 pada Jawapan / Answer : B
jam ke-13.
Thus, total donation is RM625 at the 13th hour.

Kertas 2
Sudut KBAT
1. (a) atau / or
(b) ABCD ialah segi empat tepat. 1. (a) a – b = –4 … 
ABCD is a rectangle. 4a – b = 5 … 
(c) Implikasi 1: Jika suatu nombor ialah nombor Daripada / From : a = b – 4 … 
dalam asas tiga, maka nombor itu Gantikan  ke dalam :
ditulis dengan digit 0, 1 atau 2. Substitute  into :
Implication 1: If a number is a base three number,
then the number is written using the
4(b – 4) – b = 5
digits 0, 1 or 2.
4b – 16 – b = 5
Implikasi 2: Jika suatu nombor ditulis dengan 3b = 21
digit 0, 1 atau 2, maka nombor itu b = 7
ialah nombor dalam asas tiga. Apabila / When b = 7,
Implication 2: If a number is written using the digits
0, 1 or 2, then the number is a base
a = 7 – 4
three number. = 3
(d)
Sudut peluaran heksagon sekata yang (b) 3n2 – 7, dengan keadaan / such that
mempunyai 6 sisi n = 1, 2, 3, ...
Exterior angle of a regular hexagon which has 6 sides
360° (c) Apabila / When n = 12, 3(12)2 – 7 = 425
= n
Apabila / When n = 15, 3(15)2 – 7 = 668
= 60°
Beza / Difference = 668 – 425
2. (a) (i) Semua pentagon mempunyai lima sisi.
All pentagons have five sides.
= 243
(ii) Sebilangan faktor bagi 10 adalah faktor
bagi 20. 2. Jika suatu warna ialah warna kuning, biru atau
Some factors of 10 are factors of 20. merah, maka warna itu ialah warna asas.
(b) (i) Antejadian: 5 ialah nombor perdana. If a colour is yellow, blue or red, then that colour is the
primary colour.
Antecedent: 5 is a prime number.
Akibat:
5 hanya boleh dibahagi tepat
dengan 1 dan 5. Jika suatu warna ialah warna ungu, hijau atau
Consequent: 5 can only be divisible by 1 and 5. jingga, maka warna itu ialah warna sekunder.
If a colour is purple, green or orange, then that colour is a
(ii) Akas: Jika k ialah nombor negatif, maka k
5 secondary colour.
ialah nombor negatif.
Converse: If k5 is a negative number, then k is a Jika suatu warna ialah warna merah-jingga,
negative number. kuning-jingga atau biru-hijau, maka warna itu
Kontrapositif: Jika k5 bukan nombor ialah warna tertier.
negatif, maka k bukan If a colour is red-orange, yellow-orange or blue-green, then
nombor negatif. that colour is a tertiary colour.
Contrapositive: If k5 is not a negative number,
then k is not a negative number.
(c) n2 – 7, dengan keadaan / such that
n = 1, 2, 3, 4, …

1. (a) Palsu / False

(b) Benar / True
2. (a) Semua nombor perdana ialah nombor genap.
All prime numbers are even numbers.
(b) Semua gandaan 5 ialah gandaan 10.
All multiples of 5 is multiples of 10.
3. (a) Benar / True

(b) Palsu / False
(c) Benar / True
4. Implikasi 1: Jika perimeter bagi sebuah bulatan ialah 22 cm, maka diameter bulatan tersebut ialah 7 cm.
Implication 1: If the perimeter of a circle is 22 cm, then the diameter of the circle is 7 cm.
Implikasi 2: Jika diameter sebuah bulatan ialah 7 cm, maka perimeter bulatan tersebut ialah 22 cm.
Implication 2: If the diameter of a circle is 7 cm, then the perimeter of the circle is 22 cm.
5. Jika 2x ialah satu nombor genap, maka x ialah satu nombor perdana.
If 2x is an even number, then x is a prime number.
6. Jika nilai digit 3 dalam nombor 23214 bukan 3 × 43, maka 23214 bukan nombor dalam asas 4. Palsu
If the value of digit 3 in the number 23214 is not 3 × 43, then 23214 is not a number in base 4. False
7. (a) Lemah dan tidak meyakinkan kerana kesimpulan adalah palsu.

Weak and not cogent because the conclusion is false.
(b) Kuat dan tidak meyakinkan kerana kesimpulan adalah benar tetapi premis 2 adalah palsu.
Strong and not cogent because the conclusion is true but premise 2 is false.
8. PQR ialah sebuah segi tiga.

PQR is a triangle.
9. 4(2)n + n, n = 1,2,3,…
0. (a) Corak pertama / 1st pattern: 142 – [π(7)2]
1
= 196 – 49π
= 49(4 – π)
Corak ke-2 / 2 pattern: 2 × 49(4 – π)
nd
Corak ke-3 / 3rd pattern: 4 × 49(4 – π)

Corak ke-4 / 4th pattern: 8 × 49(4 – π)
Kesimpulan umum / General conclusion:
2n × 49(4 – π), n = 0, 1, 2, 3, …
(b) 25 × 49(4 – π)
= 1 568(4 – π) cm2

Jawapan
Bab Operasi Set
4 Operations on Sets
1. Set P Set Q PQ n(P  Q)

(a) {o, r, e, n} {e, p, a, l} {e} 1
(b) {E, N, G, L. I, S, H] {H, I, S, T, O, R, Y} {I, S, H} 3
(c) {x : x ialah faktor bagi 12} {x: x ialah faktor bagi 30}
{x : x is a factor of 12} {x : x is a factor of 30} {1, 2, 3, 6} 4
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12} = {1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30}
(d) {x : x ialah nombor ganjil kurang {x : x ialah nombor perdana
daripada 15} kurang daripada 20}
{x : x is an odd number less than 15} {x : x is a prime number less than {3, 5, 7, 11, 13} 5
= {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15} 20}
= {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19}
(e) {x : x ialah gandaan bagi 2 dan {x : x ialah nombor kuasa dua
1  x  15} sempurna dengan 1  x  16}
{x : x is a multiple of 2 and {x : x is a perfect square with {4} 1
1  x  15} 1  x  16}
= {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14} = {1, 4, 9, 16}
(f) {translasi, putaran, pantulan, {translasi, putaran, pantulan} {translasi, putaran,
pembesaran} {translation, rotation, reflection} pantulan} 3
{translation, rotation, reflection, {translation, rotation,
enlargement} reflection}
2. (a) P Q
(d) P Q
(b) P Q
R
(e) P Q
(c) P Q R
3. (a) P ∩ Q = 
P Q
a f i
R b d g j
c e h

(b) P = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10} (d) P = {21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29}
Q = {5} Q = {23, 29}
P ∩ Q = {5} P ∩ Q = {23, 29}
P P
1 21 27
10 2
Q 22 28
9 3
5 24 Q
4 23
8
25 29
7 6
26
(c) P = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20} (e) P ∩ Q = {p, e, a, n, g}

Q = {5, 10, 15, 20} R = {a, e, i, o, u}
P ∩ Q = {20} P ∩ Q ∩ R = {e, a}
P Q Q
4 5 t
8 20 10 p
12 P n R
15 g e
16 a o
l i
u
4. Set / Sets PQ (P  Q) n(P  Q)

(a)  = {51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57} {53, 55} {51, 52, 54, 56, 57} 5
P = {51, 53, 55, 57}
Q = {52, 53, 54, 55}
(b)  = {M, A, L, A, Y, S, I, A} {A, S, A} {M, L, A, Y, I} 5
P = {A, S, I, A}
Q = {S, A, L, A, M}
(c)  = {x: x ialah integer dan 1  x  10}  = {1, 2, 3, …, 10} {3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10} 6
{x : x is an integer and 1  x  10} P = {1, 2, 4, 7, 8}
P = {faktor bagi 56 / factors of 56} Q = {1, 2, 4, 8}
Q = {faktor bagi 64 / factors of 64} P  Q = {1, 2, 4, 8}
(d)  = {x: x ialah integer dan 10  x  24}  = {11, 12, 13, …, 24} {11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 12
{x : x is an integer and 10  x  24} P = {12, 15, 18, 21, 24} 17, 18, 29, 20, 21,
P = {x: x ialah gandaan 3} Q = {12, 16, 20, 24} 22, 23}
{x : x is a multiple of 3} P  Q = {12, 24}
Q = {x: x ialah gandaan 4}
{x : x is a multiple of 4}
(e)  = {x: x ialah integer dan 30  x  40}  = {30, 31, 32, …, 40} {30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 6
{x : x is an integer and 30  x  40} P = {31, 37} 39}
P = {x: x ialah nombor perdana} Q = {31, 33, 35, 37, 39}
{x : x is a prime number} P  Q = {31, 37}
Q = {x: x ialah nombor ganjil}
{x : x is an odd number}

5. (a) 6. (a) (i) 10 – x

A (ii) 13 – x
B
(iii) 10 – x + x + 13 – x = 18
23 – x = 18
–x = 18 – 23
x = 5
(b) Bilangan pelajar yang bermain kedua-dua
(b)
permainan
J K
The number of students who played both games
23 – x + x + 18 – x + 6 = 45
47 – x = 45
x = 47 – 45
L
=2
ξ
(c) B H
U V
23 – x x 18 – x
W
6

(c) x + x + (x + 3) + 5 + 8 + 9 + 7 = 50
3x + 32 = 50
3x = 18
(d)
x = 6
A B
C Bilangan pelajar yang mengambil Matematik
The number of students who take Mathematics
= 6 + 8 + 5 + 7 = 26
ξ
M K
5 (x + 3)
(e) x
7
P 8 9
Q
R x F
7. Set G Set H GH n(G  H)

(a) {r, o, t, i} {b, i, s, k, u, t} {r, o, t, i, b, s, k, u} 8
(b) {1, 2, 3, 4, 7} {1, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10} {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10} 8
(c) {huruf dalam perkataan {huruf dalam perkataan SARIKEI} {S, A, R, W, K, I, E} 7
SARAWAK} {letters in the word SARIKEI}
{letters in the word SARAWAK} = {S, A, R, I, K, E}
= {S, A, R, W, K}
(d) {x : x ialah nombor genap kurang {x : x ialah nombor ganjil kurang {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11
daripada 12} daripada 12} 10, 11}
{x : x is an even number less than 12} {x : x is an odd number less than 12}
= {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11}
(e) {faktor bagi 3} {nombor perdana antara 1 dan 6) {1, 2, 3, 5, 6} 5
{faktors of 3} {prime numbers between 1 and 6}
= {1, 3} = {2, 3, 5}
(f) {Gandaan 4 kurang daripada 25} {Gandaan 5 kurang daripada 30} {4, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 16, 10
{Multiples of 4 less than 25} {Multiples of 5 less than 30} 20, 24, 25}
= {4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24} = {5, 10, 15, 20, 25}

8. (a) 9. (a) S = {3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19}

R S
T = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19}
S ∩ T = {3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19}
(i)
S ∪ T = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19}
(ii)
S ∪ T = {x : x ialah nombor ganjil dan / is odd
number and 1 < x  20}
(b)
T (iii) S T
U 3
13 1
5
17 9
7
19 15
11
(c)
V W
10. Set / Sets K∪L (K ∪ L) n(K ∪ L)

(a)  = {A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K} {A, B, I, J, K} {C, D, E, F, G, H} 6
K = {B, I, J, A, K}
L = {J, I, K, A}
(b)  = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17} {11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17} {} 0
K = {12, 14, 16}
L = {11, 13, 15, 17}
(c)  = {x : x ialah integer positif dan  = {1, 2, 3, …, 15} {1, 3, 11, 13, 15} 5
1  x  15} K = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14}
{x : x is a positive integer and 1  x  15} L = {5, 7, 9}
K = {gandaan 2 / multiples of 2} K  L = {2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
L = {nombor ganjil antara 4 dan 10} 12, 14}
{odd numbers between 4 and 10}
(d)  = {x: x ialah integer positif dan  = {1, 2, 3, …, 15} {3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 10
1  x  15} K = {1, 2, 4, 8} 11, 13, 14, 15}
{x : x is a positive integer and 1  x  15} L = {4, 8, 12}
K = {faktor bagi 16 / factors of 16} K  L ={1, 2, 4, 8, 12}
L = {x: x ialah nombor yang boleh
dibahagi dengan 4}
{x : x ia a number that is divisible by 4}
(e)  = {faktor bagi 72 / factors of 72}  = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 18, {6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 6
K = {nombor perdana / prime numbers} 24, 36, 72} 72}
L = {nombor kuasa dua sempurna} K = {2, 3}
{perfect squares} L = {1, 4, 9, 36}
K  L = {1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 36}

11. (a) (c) Bilangan orang yang memakai topi sahaja

G H The number of people who wear hats only
x + x + x – 2 + 8 + 4 + 6 + 3 + x – 2 = 65
4x + 17 = 65
4x = 65 – 17
4x = 48
x = 12
(b
K
Bilangan orang yang tidak memakai
L kesemuanya
The number of people who do not wear them all
= 12 – 2
= 10
ξ
T C
(c) 6 x
P Q R x
4
8 3
x–2
S x–2
13. (a) (i) A ∪ B ∪ C = {20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 90}

(d)
R S (ii) A ∩ (B ∪ C)
(B ∪ C ) = {20, 40, 60, 80}
A ∩ (B ∪ C) = {60, 80}
T (iii) A ∩ B ∪ C
A ∩ B = {80}
A ∩ B ∪ C = {20, 40, 60, 80}
(e)
X Y (iv) A ∩ (B ∪ C’)
C’ = {10, 30, 50, 70, 90}
(B ∪ C’)= {10, 30, 50, 70, 80, 90}
A ∩ (B ∪ C’)= {30, 80, 90}
Z (b) (i) P ∩ Q ∩ R = {5}
(ii) (Q ∪ R) = {3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10}
12. (a) n(A ∪ B) = 13 + 7 + 16
P’ = {2, 6, 7, 8, 9}
= 36
P’ ∩ (Q ∪ R) = {7, 8, 9}
A B
(iii) P ∩ Q = {3, 5}
13 7 16
(P ∩ Q)’ = {2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9,10}
R = {5, 8, 9, 10}
(P ∩ Q)’ ∪ R = {2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
(b) Jumlah murid di dalam kelas tersebut (iv) (P ∪ Q ∪ R)’ = {2, 6}
The total number of students in the class
= 10 + 5 + 9 + 4
14. (a) A B
= 28
ξ
T R
10 5 9
C
4

(b) B (b) (i) n(B  A’)

A C = 8 orang / students
(ii) n(A  B  C)’
= n(x) – n(A  B  C)
= 40 – (9 + 3 + 8 + 11)
(c)
A B = 40 – 31
C = 9 orang / students
(iii) n(A)’
= n(x) – n(A)
= 40 – (9 + 3)
(d) = 40 – 12
A B
= 28 orang / students
C
(c) (i) Biru Hijau
Blue Green
x–7 1 4
3
15. (a) 3 2
A B
Merah
Red
(ii) n(Biru  Hijau  Merah) = 30

n(Blue  Green  Red)
C
x – 7 + 1 + 3 + 3 + 4 + 2 = 30
x = 24
(b)
A B (iii) Bilangan kanak-kanak suka warna
Number of children who like
– Biru / Blue = 24
– Hijau / Green = 10
– Merah / Red = 8
C Maka, warna biru patut digunakan.
Thus, blue colour should be used.
16. (a) A ∩ B ∪ C
(b) (A ∪ B ∪ C)’
(c) (A ∩ B)’ Praktis SPM 4
(d) A’ ∩ B ∪ C
(e) (A ∩ B)’ ∩ C Kertas 1
1. 70 + 15 + x + 90 = 9 × (15 + x)
17. (a) Bilangan responden yang memilih jenama L 175 + x = 135 + 9x
sahaja
The number of respondents who only chose L brand
8x = 40
= 80 – 8 – 16 – 4 – 6 – 8 – 2 x = 5
= 36 Bilangan murid yang memiliki komputer riba
S H sahaja
4 Number of students who own laptop only
8 16
2
= 3(5)
6 8
= 15
x
L Jawapan / Answer : B

2. Gantikan  ke dalam :
K L K L
Substitute  into :
M M 30 + z = 50
z = 20
Mʹ Kʹ ∩ L Bilangan murid yang menyukai kedua-dua buah

The number of students who like both fruits.
K L
=y
M = 32 – z
= 32 – 20
= 12
Mʹ ∩ (Kʹ ∩ L)
Jawapan / Answer : B
Kertas 2
3. 23 – 8 – 10 = 5 1. (a) Jagung, timun dan ubi kentang

A K
Corn, cucumber and potatoes
(b) Peria, terung dan petola
10 8 Bitter gourd, brinjal and loofah
4
22 – 9 – 4 – 6 = 3 22 – 9 – 7 2.  = {1, 2, 3, …, 20}
=6
J = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17}
9
K = {8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20}
T L = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19}
Bilangan murid yang ingin melawat ketiga-tiga (J  K)  L
buah negara ={ }L
Number of students who want to visit the three countries = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19}
= 23 – 8 – 5 – 6 J  (K  L)
=4 = J  {2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18,
19, 20}
Bilangan murid yang ingin melawat Australia = {3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17}
sahaja Unsur-unsur bagi set (J  K)  L dan J  (K  L)
Number of students who want to visit Australia only
adalah tidak sama.
= 22 – 3 – 4 – 5 The elements of the sets (J  K)  L and J  (K  L) are
= 10 not same.
Jawapan / Answer : D 3. (a) ξ

E M
4 3 6
4. ξ
Oren Mangga 5
2 7
Orange Mango
x y z 3 2
S
6
(b) Daripada gambar rajah Venn:
From the Venn diagram:

x + y + z + 6 = 56 (i) 4
x + y + z = 50 …  (ii) 6
x + y = 30 …  (iii) 3
y + z = 32 … 
(c) n(E  M  S)
= 32 – 4 – 3 – 2 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 3
=2

Sudut KBAT
1. (a) P Q
(b) P ∪ (Q’ ∪ R’)
2. A C
10
B
6
1
3
2 D
5 7 4
9 8

1. (a) (R  T)  S
(b) R′  (S  T)′
2. A C
12
7 9 B
3
n[(A  B)ʹ  C] = 7 + 3 + 12
= 22
3. Q  R = {10}
P = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18}
P  (Q  R) = {3, 6, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18}
4. n(K) = n(L)
21 + 7 + x + 2x = 27 + x + x −2 + 2x
28 + 3x = 25 + 4x
3 = x
Maka / Thus, x = 3
5. M N
35 17 8
n(M  N′) = 35 + 17
= 52
6. (a) P R
Q •11 •2
•1 •3 •7 •4
•5 •9
•6
(b) (A  B′)  (B  C)
7. (a) F G H
(b)
F G H
8.
ξ A C
B
•1 •3 •6 •10
•5 •2 D
•9 •7 •4 •8

9. (a) E
F G
•C
•P •R
•A •M •Y
•I •L
•H
(b) (E  F)  G = {A, M}
n[(E  F)  G] = 2
10. (a) Bilangan murid yang memiliki telefon pintar dan tablet = 10
Number of pupils who own smartphones and tablets = 10
(b) Bilangan murid yang memiliki telefon pintar atau tablet
Number of pupils who own smartphones or tablets
= 16 + 10 + 6
= 32
(c) Bilangan murid yang tidak memiliki sebarang peranti mudah alih
Number of pupils who do not own any mobile devices
=4

Jawapan
Bab Rangkaian dalam Teori Graf
5 Network in Graph Theory
1. Graf Graf mudah? Justifikasi

Graph Simple graph? Justification
(a) N Ya Graf mudah kerana tidak mempunyai gelung atau

Yes berbilang tepi.
K
M It is a simple graph because it has no loops or multiple edges.
P
L
(b) F
Bukan Bukan graf mudah kerana mempunyai berbilang tepi.
No It is not a simple graph because it has multiple edges.
E
H G
(c) D Ya Graf mudah kerana tidak mempunyai gelung atau

F Yes berbilang tepi.
C It is a simple graph because it has no loops or multiple edges.
E
B
G
A
(d) P Q R
Bukan Bukan graf mudah kerana mempunyai gelung dan
No berbilang tepi.
It is not a simple graph because it has a loop and multiple
edges.
T
U S
2. Bilangan / Number of
Graf Set bucu Set tepi
Graph bucu tepi darjah Set of vertices Set of edges
vertices edges degrees
(a) D
5 5 10 {A, B, C, D, E} {(A, B), (B, C), (B, E),
A
C (C, D), (D, E)}
B E

(b) 6 6 12 {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} {(1, 2), (2, 3), (2, 5), (3, 4),
3 4 (4, 5), (4, 6)}
1 6
2 5
(c) 3 4 5 7 7 14 {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} {(1, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4),
(4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 6), (6, 7)}
1 7
2 6
(d) 6 8 16 {A, B, C, D, E, F} {(A, B),(B, C), (C, C), (C, D),

B
(A, D), (D, E), (A, F), (E, F)}
C
A
D
E
(e) 6 10 20 (J ,K, L, M, N, P} {(J, K), (J, L), (J, N), (K, L),
K
J (K, M), (K, M), (L, M), (L, N),
(L, P), (M, N)}
L
N
M
(f) 8 15 30 {J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, {(J, L), (J, K), (J, L), (J, Q),
K M R} (K, N), (K, L), (L, M), (L, R),
L
J (M, N), (M, P), (N, R), (N, P),
Q (P, Q), (P, Q), (R, R)}
N
R
P
3. (a) A F (b)
D
D G H
A
E F
C
C E
B
B G

4. Darjah bucu Jumlah darjah Graf boleh dilukis? Sebab

Degrees of vertices Sum of degrees Can graph be drawn? Reason
(a) 1, 3, 2, 2, 3, 2 1+3+2+2+3+2 Tidak boleh dilukis Jumlah darjah adalah ganjil.

= 13 Cannot be drawn The sum of degrees is odd.
(b) 1, 2, 3, 1, 3, 3 1+2+3+1+3+3 Tidak boleh dilukis Jumlah darjah adalah ganjil.

= 13 Cannot be drawn The sum of degrees is odd.
(c) 4, 2, 2, 3, 2, 1 4+2+2+3+2+1 Boleh dilukis Jumlah darjah adalah genap.

= 14 Can be drawn The sum of degrees is even.
(d) 1, 4, 2, 2, 4, 3 1+4+2+2+4+3 Boleh dilukis Jumlah darjah adalah genap.

= 16 Can be drawn The sum of degrees is even.
5. (a) Graf terarah (ii) A

Directed graph
(b) Graf tak terarah B
Undirected graph
E
(c) Graf terarah
Directed graph
(b) (i) P
6. (a) (i) {P, Q, R, S, T, U, V} Q
(ii) T – S – R – Q – P – U
(iii) V – P – U – S – R – Q atau / or U R
T
V–P–U–T–S–R–Q
7. (a) Graf tak berpemberat S
Unweighted graph
(ii) P
(b) Graf berpemberat
Weighted graph
(c) Graf berpemberat U

T
Weighted graph
8. (a) (i) E3 → E4 → E7 : 1.5 + 1 + 1.5 = 4 km 11. (a) Graf ini bukan pokok kerana mempunyai
kitaran.
(ii) E1 → E2 → E5 → E6 → E7 : 2 + 2 + 3 + 1 + 1.5 This graph is not a tree because it has a cycle.
= 9.5 km
(b) Graf ini adalah pokok kerana setiap bucu
(iii) E1 → E2 → E4 → E7 : 2 + 2 + 1 + 1.5 = 6.5 km
adalah berkait dan tidak mempunyai kitaran.
This graph is a tree because every vertex is connected
9. (a) (i) 3
and it has no cycle.
(ii) 7
(iii) 3 (c) Graf ini bukan pokok kerana mempunyai
gelung.
(b) (i) 7 This graph is not a tree because it has a loop.
(ii) 7
(iii) 3 (d) Graf ini bukan pokok kerana terdapat bucu
yang tidak terkait.
A This graph is not a tree because there are unconnected
10. (a) (i)
vertices.
B
E
C

12. Subgraf 1 / Subgraph 1 Subgraf 2 / Subgraph 2

(a) A E A E
D F D F
B C B C
(b) D D
E E
C C
F F
B B
A A
13. (a) Tandas 1 14. (a) (i) Hui Lin

Bilik tidur 1 Toilet 1 Alia
Bedroom 1
Tandas 2
Eshu
Laluan Toilet 2 Rayzal
Stor
Hallway Store
Bilik tidur 2
Bedroom 2
Dapur
Kitchen
Ruang makan
Dining room
Nero
Beranda Ruang tamu (ii) Nero kerana dia mempunyai ketiga-tiga
Veranda Living room
sosial media untuk berkomunikasi dengan
Hui Lin.
Nero because he has all three social medias to
communicate with Hui Lin.
(b) Sentul
(iii) Media sosial 2 kerana kelima-lima mereka
menggunakannya.
Pudu Social media 2 because all five of them are using
it.
Johor Bahru
Serdang Ayer Keroh (b) (i) (1) P-Q-V-U-T-W-R-S
(2) P-Q-R-W-V-U-T-S
(3) P-U-V-Q-R-W-T-S
(4) P-U-T-V-Q-R-W-S
(c) Pelabuhan Batu (5) P-U-T-W-V-Q-R-S
Klang Caves Butterworth
(ii) (1) 6 + 5 + 4 + 12 + 2 + 3 + 7 = 39 km
KL Padang
Sentral Besar
(2) 6 + 8 + 3 + 9 + 4 + 12 + 6 = 48 km
Kuala Bukit
Lumpur Mertajam (3) 8 + 4 + 5 + 8 + 3 + 2 + 6 = 36 km
Johor
(4) 8 + 12 + 10 + 5 + 8 + 3 + 4 = 50 km
Tumpat
Bahru Gemas (5) 8 + 12 + 2 + 9 + 5 + 8 + 7 = 51 km
Maka, laluan dengan jarak terpendek ialah
P-U-V-Q-R-W-T-S, iaitu 36 km.
Thus, the path with the shortest distance is P-U-
V-Q-R-W-T-S, which is 36 km.

(c) 25
A B
24 Pokok / Tree :
12 28 D 36 Pilih pemberat yang terbesar,
20 iaitu 36. Maka, pilih B-C. A B
F 13 34 Choose the biggest weight,
E
10 23 C which is 36. Thus, choose B-C.
15
D
G
F E
25 C
A B Antara B-A, B-D, C-D dan
24
28 D
C-E, pemberat terbesar ialah
12 36 G
C-D, iaitu 34.
13 20 Between B-A, B-D, C-D and
F 34
E C-E, the biggest weight is Maka, jumlah isi padu
10 23 C C-D, which is 34.
15 maksimum air
G Thus, the total maximum volume of
water
Antara B-A, D-A, dan D-E, = 36 + 34 + 28 + 12 + 13 + 15
25
pemberat terbesar ialah = 138 m3
A B D-A, iaitu 28. Dari A hanya
24
mempunyai satu pilihan
12 28 D 36 untuk membentuk pokok.
13 20 Maka, A-F dipilih.
F 34
E Between B-A, D-A and D-E,
10 23 C
15 the biggest weight is D-A, which
is 28. From A there is only one
G option to draw a tree. Thus, A-F
is chosen.
25
A B
24
Antara F-E dan F-G,
12 28 D 36 pemberat terbesar ialah F-E,
F
13 20 iaitu 13. Pilih E-G.
34
E Between F-E and F-G, the biggest
10 23 C weight is F-E, which is 13.
15
Choose E-G.
G
(d) Laluan / Route Kelebihan / Advantage Kekurangan / Disadvantage

KTM Laluan Seremban: • Masa perjalanan lebih cepat. • Masa menunggu tren
KTM Seremban Route: Travel time is faster. seterusnya adalah lama.
SS-S-MV-KLS-KL-BN 4 + 3 + 5 + 11 + 6 = 29 minit / minutes The waiting time for the next train
• Tidak perlu menukar laluan. is long.
No need to change routes.
LRT Laluan Sri Petaling: • Masa menunggu tren seterusnya • Masa perjalanan lebih lama.
LRT Sri Petaling Route: adalah singkat. Travel time is longer.
SS-C-CSL-P-HT-PR-MJ- The waiting time for the next train is short. 4 + 4 + 4 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 4 + 4
PS-KLS-KL-BN + 11 + 6 = 46 minit / minutes
Maka, pengangkutan yang terbaik adalah KTM Laluan Seremban. • Perlu menukar dua laluan.
Thus, the best transportation is KTM Seremban Route. Need to change two routes.

5. Pokok ialah graf dengan keadaan setiap bucunya

Praktis SPM 5 adalah berhubung tetapi tidak mempunyai kitaran.
Tree is a graph where each of the vertices are connected
Kertas 1 but it has no cycle.
1. Ciri - ciri bagi graf mudah ialah graf tak terarah, P

S
tidak mempunyai gelung dan tidak mempunyai Q R

berbilang tepi.
Characteristics of simple graph are undirected graph, has
no loop and has no multiple edges. T U

Jawapan / Answer : A
2. Darjah bagi bucu B
Degree of vertex B Kertas 2
= 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2
1. Laluan yang boleh digunakan berserta jaraknya:
= 6 The route that can be used along with the distance:
Jawapan / Answer : C P → Q → T = 17 + 13 = 30 km
3. Bilangan darjah bagi setiap bucu: P → Q → R → T = 17 + 14 + 10 = 41 km
Number of degrees for each vertex: P → S → Q → T = 5 + 20 + 13 = 38 km
P=6 P → S → T = 5 + 28 = 33 km
Q=6 Laluan terpendek yang boleh digunakan olehnya
R=4 ialah P → Q → T.
S=6 The shortest route that can be used by him is P → Q → T.
T=6
Jumlah bilangan darjah 2. K 9
J 16
L
Total number of degrees
= 6 + 6 + 4 + 6 + 6 10
15
= 28
M
10 N
Jawapan / Answer : C P
Jumlah pemberat minimum pokok
4. Subgraf bagi suatu graf ialah sebahagian graf Minimum weight of the tree
daripada graf asal. = 10 + 15 + 16 + 9 + 10
Subgraph of a graph is a part of the original graph.
= 60
A B [Sebarang jawapan yang betul adalah diterima.]
[Any correct answer is accepted.]
e2
C
D e4
e6


Sudut KBAT
(a) (b)
Rangkaian bas: JB - PP JB - KB
Bus network:
Pulau Kota
Kelebihan Kekurangan Kelebihan Kekurangan
Pinang Bharu Advantage Disadvantage Advantage Disadvantage
• Masa perjalanan Masa
lama Tambang perjalanan
Bas
Bus Long travel time murah lama
Johor • Tambang mahal Cheap fare Long travel
Bahru Expensive fare time
Rangkaian kapal terbang: • Masa perjalanan Masa

Airplane network: Kapal singkat perjalanan Tambang
Pulau Kota terbang Short travel time singkat mahal
Pinang Bharu
Airplane • Tambang murah Short travel Expensive fare
Cheap fare time
Kuala
Lumpur Dari Johor Bahru ke Pulau Pinang, pengangkutan terbaik adalah dengan menaiki
kapal terbang kerana harga tambang lebih murah dan masa perjalanan lebih singkat
Johor
Bahru berbanding bas. Manakala, dari Johor Bahru ke Kota Bharu, jika inginkan masa
perjalanan yang lebih singkat, menaiki kapal terbang adalah yang terbaik. Jika
inginkan tambang yang lebih murah, menaiki bas adalah yang terbaik.
From Johor Bahru to Penang, the best transportation is by an airplane because the fare is cheaper
and the travel time is shorter than bus. Meanwhile, from Johor Bahru to Kota Bharu, if you want
a shorter travel time, boarding an airplane is the best. If you want cheaper fare, taking the bus
is the best.

1. n(E) = 11
2. Jumlah jarak dari B ke F
Total distance from B to F
= 5 + 7 + 3 + 4
= 19
3.
x + x + 9 + 4 + 2x = 41
4x + 13 = 41
4x = 28
x = 7 m
4. (a) V = {A, B, C, D, E}
n(V) = 5
(b) A B C
D E
5. (a) P − Q − J − K − L − M − N – O
(b) Jumlah jarak / Total distance
=6+4+7+3+8+5+4
= 37 km
6. (a) 3x + x + x + x + 3x + 6 = 24
9x + 6 = 24
9x = 18
x = 2
(b) Laju purata / Average speed
24
=
8
= 3 km j−1 (km h−1)
7. (a) E = {(A, B), (A, E), (B, C), (B, I), (C, D), (C, G), (D, E), (E, F), (F, H), (G, H), (G, I), (H, J), (I, J)}
n(E) = 13
(b) A E F A E F
D D G H
G H
C C
B I J B I J
8. (a) 3x+ 4 + 2 + 3 = 30
3x + 9 = 30
3x = 21
x = 7
(b) Jumlah jarak A − E − F − G − B − C − H
Total distance of A − E − F − G − B − C − H
=5+x+2+4+2+7
=5+7+2+4+2+7
= 27

9. Bucu A / Vertex A: Bucu E / Vertex E:
x2 = x1 + 7 x5 + x7 = x3 + x4
= 9 + 7 x5 + 14 = 7 + 9
= 16 x5 = 16 – 14
= 2
Bucu B / Vertex B: Bucu D / Vertex D:
x4 = x1 x5 + x6 = x2
= 9 2 + x6 = 16
x6 = 14
Bucu C / Vertex C:
x3 = 7
x7 = 2(7)
= 14
10. Susunan restoran dengan kos paling rendah:
The arrangement of the restaurants with the lowest cost:
H → C → D → E → G → B → A → F
Jumlah kos / Total cost
= 90 + 100 + 120 + 120 + 90 + 180 + 160
= RM860

Jawapan
Bab Ketaksamaan Linear dalam Dua Pemboleh Ubah
6 Linear Inequalities in Two Variable
1. (a) 20p + 15q  100 atau/ or 4p + 3q  20 (b) y
(b) 0.2m − 0.9n  1.7 x

–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
2
m − 910n  1.7 –1
1 –4
y > –x
10 2
2m − 9n  17 –2 (4, –2)
(0, –3) (1, –3)
–3 (3, –3)
1 –4
y = –x
–4 2
2. (a) y
(–2, –5) –5 (2, –5)
18 1 –4
–6 y < –x
2
16
y > 2x + 4
14
12 (4, 12) Persamaan atau

Koordinat titik
10 (2, 10) ketaksamaan linear Coordinates of
y = 2x + 4 Linear equation or
8 points
(1, 8) (5, 8) inequality
6 (1, 6) (3, 6)
4 1
y < 2x + 4
y= x–4 (–2, –5), (4, –2)
2
2
0 x 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 y= x–4 (0, –3), (1, –3)
2
Persamaan atau 1
ketaksamaan linear Koordinat titik y= x–4 (2, –5), (3, –3)
2
Linear equation or Coordinates of points
inequality
y = 2x + 4 (1, 6), (4, 12) 3. (a) (i)

y  2x + 4 (1, 8), (2, 10) y 0.75x – 5
–7 0.75(–2) – 5 = 6.5
y  2x + 4 (3, 6), (5, 8)
–7 , –6.5
(–2, –7) memuaskan / satisfies y , 0.75x – 5
(ii)
y 0.75x – 5
–2 0.75(3) – 5 = –2.75
–2 . –2.75
(3, –2) memuaskan / satisfies y . 0.75x – 5

(b) (i) (d) y
y –2x + 8 10
8
12 –2(3) + 8 = 2
6
3x – 2y = –4
12 . 2 4
(3, 12) memuaskan / satisfies y . –2x + 8 2

x
–4 –2O 2 4 6
(ii)
y –2x + 8
–4 –2(6) + 8 = –4 5. (a) y (b) y
–4 = –4
2x
4
y=
(6, –4) memuaskan / satisfies y = –2x + 8
2
(c) (i)
x x
O O
y –4x + 5 4 –2 2
0 –4(4) + 5 = –11 y=x–4 –2
0 . –11
–4 –4
(4, 0) memuaskan / satisfies y . –4x + 5
(ii)
y –4x + 5 y
(c) (d) y
5 –4(0) + 5 = 5
x
5=5 –2 O 2
x
(0, 5) memuaskan / satisfies y = –4x + 5 –2 –1
O 3
4. (a) y –4 y=4
2 x=3
y = 2x – 2
x
(e) y
O 2 4
–2 2
y = 5x + 2
x
(b) y O
x
O
–2 2
x = –1 –2 6. (a) (i) p < 2q
(ii) 2 000p + 2 300q < 8 000
(c) y (b) (i) x − y > 2
(ii) x + y < 5 700
2
y = –x (c) (i) y > 2x
x (ii) x + y < 20 000
–2 O 2 (iii) 100x + 180y < 2 000
–2 5x + 9y < 100

7. Sistem ketaksamaan linear Titik memuaskan

System of linear inequalities sistem ketaksamaan
Titik y , 5x – 2 y . –6x + 2 linear
Point Point satisfies the system
Ketaksamaan Ketaksamaan of linear inequalities
y 5x – 2 y –6x + 2
Inequality Inequality (3 / 7)
7
 
5 2 –2 3,0  
–6 2 + 2
5 3.–
2
Hanya memuaskan satu
 25 , 3 3
=0
5
(Palsu / False)
3
=–
2
5
(Benar / True)
ketaksamaan.
Satisfies one inequality only.
5
3
5(3) – 2 –3 , 13 –6(3) + 2 –3 . –16 Memuaskan kedua-dua
(3, –3) –3 –3 ketaksamaan.
= 13 (Benar / True) = –16 (Benar / True)
Satisfies both inequalities.
7
5(0) – 2 –3 , –2 –6(0) + 2 –3 . 2 Hanya memuaskan satu
(0, –3) –3 –3 ketaksamaan.
= –2 (Benar / True) =2 (Palsu / False) Satisfies one inequality only.
7
5(–2) – 2 2 , –12 –6(–2) + 2 2 . 14 Tidak memuaskan kedua-
(–2, 2) 2 2 dua ketaksamaan.
= –12 (Palsu / False) = 14 (Palsu / False)
Not satisfies both inequalities
8. (a) y > 2x – 3 y , –x + 6
Titik
Point Ketaksamaan Ketaksamaan
y 2x – 3 y –x + 6
Inequality Inequality
4>7 4,1
(5, 4) 4 2(5) – 3 = 7 4 –5 + 6 = 1
(Palsu / False) (Palsu / False)
3 > –1 3,5
(1, 3) 3 2(1) – 3 = –1 3 –1 + 6 = 5
(Benar / True) (Benar / True)
Maka, (1, 3) adalah penyelesaian bagi sistem ketaksamaan linear.
Thus, (1, 3) is the solution of the system of linear inequalities.

(b) x+y>4 3y < 2x – 12
Titik
Point Ketaksamaan Ketaksamaan
x+y 4 3y 2x – 12
Inequality Inequality
2>4 –6 < –4
(4, –2) 4 + (–2) = 2 4 3(–2) = –6 2(4) – 12 = –4
(Palsu / False) (Benar / True)
5>4 –3 < 0
(6, –1) 6 + (–1) = 5 4 3(–1) = –3 2(6) – 12 = 0
(Benar / True) (Benar / True)
Maka, (6, –1) adalah penyelesaian bagi sistem ketaksamaan linear.
Thus, (6, –1) is the solution of the system of linear inequalities.
9. (a) (i) Rantau / Region C (b) (i) Rantau / Region B

(ii) Rantau / Region A (ii) Rantau / Region D
(iii) Rantau / Region B (iii) Rantau / Region F
(iv) Rantau / Region D (iv) Rantau / Region G

y (c)
10. (a) y x=2 x=4
4
(5, 3)
2
2y = x – 6 1 2
y= x+2
2
x
O 2 4 6 x
O 2 4
(1, –2)
–2
2y = –3x + 6
(i) 3 12. (a) y

2y – 2x = 3
(ii) 7
(b) y
6
x
O
(1, 4) y=4 2y – x + 3 = 0
4
x + y = –5
2
(2, 0)
x (b) y
O 2 4 2x – 3y = –6
x = –1 y = –x + 5
(i) 7
(ii) 3 x + y – 10 = 0
x
O
11. (a) y y=x
2x + 3y + 2 = 0
x=5
2
(c) y
x
O 4
x + y = 60
1
y=– x+2
2
x + 4y = 120
(b) y
O
x
y = 2x + 2
1
y= x
4 2
13. (a) x=0
2
8
y = 2x +3
6
x
–1 2 4
O y = –2x + 4
2
y=0
–2 O 2 4 6
–2

(b) No, because point (80, 100) is out of the shaded

y region, thus it is not the solution point of the
x=4
2 system.
6 +
x
=
4 y 1 x + 8, y < 4, x > 0, y > 0
2
(b) (i) y < –
3
x (ii) Bilangan maksimum sarung tisu yang
–4 –2 O 2 4 6
–2 1 boleh dibuat oleh Andak Hanum ialah 4.
y=– x+2
2
The maximum number of tissues bags that can
be made by Andak Hanum is 4.
(c) y
(iii) Bagi titik (10, 3), hasil jualan maksimum
10 For point (10, 3), the maximum sales
8
y–x=8 6
= 15(10) + 6(3) = RM168
y = –4 Bagi titik (12, 4), hasil jualan maksimum
4 For point (12, 4), the maximum sales
2
= 15(12) + 6(4) = RM204
x
–8 –6 – 4 –2 O 2 4 Maka, titik (12, 4) memberikan hasil jualan
–2
y = 2x + 3 yang maksimum.
Thus, point (12, 4) gives the maximum sales.
14. (a) y < 2 (c) (i) Sistem ketaksamaan linear

System of linear inequalities :
x > –2
2x – 3y – 3 > 0 5x + y < 50 → y < –5x + 50
2x + 2y < 42 → y < –x + 21
(b) y . –3x – 15
(ii) Jadual nilai bagi / Table of values for
y + 1 x > –6 y = –5x + 50
2
y > 4x – 12 x 0 10
(c) 2y > 5x + 3 y 50 0
2y – x , 15
2y + 3x + 5 > 0 Jadual nilai bagi / Table of values for
y = –x + 21
15. (a) y
x 0 21
y = – 2x + 160
120 y 21 0
100
(80, 100)
80 (iii)
(a) Tidak kerana (15, 20) bukan titik
60
y = 40
dalam rantau penyelesaian.
40 No because (15, 20) is not in the solution
20 y = – x + 120 region.
x (b) 3 liter pencelup warna jingga pekat
O 20 40 60 80 100120
boleh dihasilkan jika 18 liter pencelup
warna jingga cair dihasilkan.
(i) y < –2x + 160 3 litres of dark orange dye can be produced
y < –x + 120 if 18 litres of light orange dye is produced.
y > 40 Bilangan unit pencelup warna merah
x>0 yang digunakan / Number of units of red
dye used
(ii) Bilangan maksimum roti tuna yang boleh
dijual ialah 40 biji. = 5(3) + 1(18)
The maximum number of tuna breads that can = 33
be sold is 40 pieces. Bilangan unit pencelup warna kuning
(iii) Tidak, kerana titik (80, 100) berada luar yang digunakan / Number of units of
daripada kawasan berlorek, maka ia bukan yellow dye use
titik penyelesaian bagi sistem tersebut. = 2(3) + 2(18)
= 42

Maka, baki pencelup warna merah 2. Berbelanja tidak melebihi RM30:

ialah 17 (50 – 33) dan pencelup warna Spend of not more than RM30:
kuning tiada baki. 3x + 7y < 30
Thus, the remaining units of red dye is
17 (50 – 33) and the yellow dye has no Mempunyai baki selebih-lebihnya RM4:
remaining. Has the balance of at most RM4:
2 cm 30 – 3 – 7y < 4
y –(3x + 7y) < –26
3x + 7y > 26
60
Memerlukan sekurang-kurangnya dua buah buku

50 lukisan:
Needs at least two drawing books:
y = –5x + 50
40
y>2
30
Kertas 2
20 (15, 20)
1. (a) y
10
140
y = –x + 21
120
x
O 3
10 20 30 100
80
x + y = 120
60
Praktis SPM 6 40
x = 3y
20
Kertas 1
0 x
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
1. Bagi titik / For point (2, –2),
6x + y = 6(2) + (–2) Katakan x = bilangan pekerja tempatan dan
= 10 > 10 y = bilangan pekerja asing
Let x = number of local workers and y = number of
Memuaskan / Satisfies foreign workers
x + y  120
Bagi titik / For point (3, 1), x  3y
6x + y = 6(2) + 1
= 19 > 10
Memuaskan / Satisfies
Bagi titik / For point (1, 2),

6x + y = 6(1) + 2
= 8 < 10
Tidak memuaskan / Not satisfies
Maka, (1, 2) bukan dalam rantau penyelesaian

6x + y > 10.
Thus, (1, 2) is not in the solutions region of 6x + y > 10.

(b) x + y = 120
Sudut KBAT
x 0 120
y 120 0 (a) m , 1.26v (objek timbul / object float)
x = 3y m . 1.26v (objek tenggelam / object submerge)
(b) Isi padu bongkah kayu
x 0 120 Volume of the wooden block
y 0 40 = 4 × 2 × 3
y
= 24 cm3
Ketumpatan bongkah kayu, d
140
Density of the wooden block, d
120
m
=
100 V
80 21.6
x + y = 120 =
60 24
x = 3y
40 = 0.9 g/cm3
20
0.9 g/cm3 , 1.26 g/cm3.
0 x
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Maka, bongkah kayu itu timbul kerana
(c) (i) Bilangan minimum / Minimum number ketumpatannya lebih kecil daripada ketumpatan
= 60 cecair itu.
Thus, the wooden block will float because its density is
Bilangan maksimum / Maximum number less than the density of the liquid.
= 100
(ii) Tidak, kerana nilai y = 40 berada di luar

rantau berlorek.
No, because the value y = 40 is outside the
shaded region.

1. Katakan
x = bilangan duit raya
y = bilangan kuih raya
Let x = number of pocket money
y = number of cookies
10x + 25y  1 000
2x + 5y  200
2. (a) (2, 7)
y −5x + 3
7 −5(2) + 3 = −7
7  −7
Maka, titik (2, 7) memuaskan
ketaksamaan y  −5x + 3.
Thus, point (2, 7) satisfy the inequality
y  −5x + 3.
(b) (–2, –7)

y −5x + 3
–7 −5(–2) + 3 = 13
–7  13
Maka, titik (–2, –7) memuaskan
ketaksamaan y  −5x + 3.
Thus, point (–2, –7) satisfy the inequality
y  −5x + 3.
(c) (2, –7)

y −5x + 3
–7 −5(2) + 3 = –7
–7 = −7
Maka, titik (2, –7) memuaskan
persamaan y = −5x + 3.
Thus, point (2, –7) satisfy the equation
y = −5x + 3.
3. Kecerunan / Gradient
m = 3−0
0−(−3)
= 1
Pintasan-y / y-intercept
= 3
y=x+3
Maka / Therefore, y  x + 3.
4. Rantau D / Region D

5. y
8
y = 2x + 5
x=5
6
y=4
4
x
0 2 4 6 8
6. y
x=1 y = 2x
y = –x + 8
x
0
7. a x  0
b y  3
c Kecerunan / Gradient
5−3 1
m = =
0 − (−6) 3
Pintasan-y / y-intercept = 5
1
y = x + 5
3
1
Maka / Therefore y  x + 5.
3
8. a y  −5
b Kecerunan / Gradient
0 − (−5)
m = = −1
−6−(−1)
Pintasan-y / y-intercept = −6
y = −x − 6
Maka / Therefore y  −x − 6.
c Kecerunan / Gradient
0−(−4)
m = =2
−6−(−8)
Pintasan-y / y-intercept
y = 2x + c
0 = 2(−6) + c
c = 12
y = 2x + 12
Maka / Therefore y  2x + 12.

9. (a) Katakan
x = bilangan donut
y = bilangan botol air mineral
Let x = number of doughnuts
y = number of bottles of mineral water
x + y  30

x  2y
(b) y
40
30
20
10
x
0 10 20 30 40
(c) (i) 20
(ii) Bilangan minimum / Minimum number = 10
Bilangan maksimum / Maximum number = 25
10. (a) Katakan
x = panjang langsir bercorak belang
y = panjang langsir bercorak polos
Let x = the length of stripes curtain
y = the length of plain curtain
x + y  150

y  4x
(b) y
160
120
80
40
x
0 40 80 120 160
(c) 30 meter
(d) Tidak kerana x = 80 dan y = 40 berada di luar rantau berlorek.
No because x = 80 and y = 40 located outside of the shaded region.

Jawapan
Bab Graf Gerakan
7 Graphs of Motion
1. (a) Jarak (km) (c) Jarak (km)

Distance (km) Distance (km)
10 500
9 450
8 400
7 350
6 300
5 250
4 200
3 150
2 100
1 50
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

Masa (minit) Masa (jam)
Time (minutes) Time (hours)
2. (a)
(b) Jarak (km) Masa (jam)
Distance (km) 0 6
Time (hours)
200 Jarak (km)

0 6 000
Distance (km)
180
160 Jarak (km)

Distance (km)
140
120 6 000
100 5 000
80 4 000
60 3 000
40 2 000
20 1 000
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Masa (jam) Masa (jam)
Time (hours)
Time (hours)

(b) 3. (a) 5 m min–1

Masa (saat) (b) 3.5 m s–1
0 5
Time (seconds) (c) 0 km j–1 / km h–1
Jarak (m)
0 20
Distance (m)
4. (a) AB
Jarak (m)
Distance (m) (b) BC
(c) OA
18
16
14 5. (a) (i) 132 km
12 (ii) 2.5 – 1.2 = 1.3 jam / hours
10 = 1 jam 18 minit
1 hours 18 minutes
8
6
(iii) 4.0 – 2.5 = 1.5 jam / hours
4 (iv) Laju / Speed
2 Jarak / Distance
=
Masa / Time
0 1 2 3 4 5
Masa (saat) 132 + 132
Time (seconds)
=
4
= 66 km j–1

66 km h–1

Faiza bergerak sejauh 264 km dalam
(c) tempoh 4 jam dengan kelajuan 66 km j–1.
Faiza travelled for a distance of 264 km in 4
Masa (saat) hours with the speed of 66 km h–1.
0 80
Time (seconds)
(b) (i) Jarak antara pekan L dengan pekan K
Jarak (m)
0 200 Distance between town L and town K
Distance (m)
= 80 – 60
Jarak (m) = 20 m
Distance (m)
(ii) 120 m
200 (iii) 8:06 a.m. hingga / to 8:16 a.m.
180 = 10 minit / minutes
160 (iv) 8:16 a.m. hingga / to 9:00 a.m.
140
= 44 minit / minutes
120 (v) Jarak / Distance
= (80 – 0) + (80 – 60) + (120 – 60)
100
= 160 km
80
Laju / Speed
60 160
=
40 1
= 160 km j–1
20
160 km h–1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Encik Tan bergerak sejauh 160 km dalam
Masa (saat) tempoh 1 jam dengan kelajuan 160 km j–1.
Time (seconds) Mr. Tan travelled for a distance of 160 km in 1
hour with the speed of 160 km h–1.

8 (iii) Laju purata / Average speed

6. (a) (i) Laju / Speed = — = 1.6 m s–1
5 120 km
=
(ii) Tempoh masa / Time period = 11 – 5 = 6 s
60 
70 –10 j / h

(iii) Laju purata / Average speed = 120 km j–1
21 120 km h–1
= —–
15
= 1.4 m s–1 8. (a) Laju (km/j)
Speed (km/h)
60 – 20
(b) (i) Laju / Speed = —––—– = 4 m s–1 120
10
100
(ii) Tempoh masa / Time period = 20 – 10 = 10 s
80
60
0 – 60
(iii) Laju / Speed = —–—— = –12 m s–1
40
25 – 20

= 12 m s–1 20
O Masa (min)
40 + 60 2 4 6 8 10
(iv) Laju purata / Average speed = —–—— Time (min)
25
= 4 m s–1 (b) Laju (m/s)
Speed (m/s)
120 – 50
(c) (i) Laju / Speed = —–—–— = 35 km j–1 / km h–1 30
2 25
120 – 80
(ii) Laju / Speed = —–—–— = 40 km j–1 / km h–1 20
1
15
(iii) Jumlah jarak / Total distance 10
= (120 – 50) + (120 – 80) + (120 – 80) 5
= 150 km O Masa (s)
10 20 30 40 50 Time (s)
(iv) Laju purata / Average speed
150 (c) Laju (km/j)
= —— Speed (km/h)
6
60
= 25 km j–1 / km h–1
50
40
7. (a) (i) 80 – K = 50 30
 
27
60
20
10

80 – K = 22.5 O Masa (min)
1 2 3 4 5 Time (min)
K = 80 – 22.5
= 57.5 km 9. (a) Laju (m/min)
(ii) 80 km – 57.5 km = 22.5 km Speed (m/min)
(iii) Laju purata / Average speed 24

80 = 40 km j–1 / km h–1
10
 
120
60
O
Masa (min)
7 Time (min)
(b) (i) 120 – 80 = 40 km
80 – 0 120 – 80 Jumlah jarak yang dilalui
(ii) = Total distance travelled
40 – 0 t – 50
120 – 80 = Luas trapezium / Area of trapezium
t – 50 = 1
2 = — × (10 + 24) × 7
t = 20 + 50 2
= 70 min = 119 m

(b) Laju (m/s) (b) Laju (km j–1)

Speed (m/s) Speed (km h–1)
8 100
45
Masa (s)
O 40 Time (s)
Masa (j)
O 0.5 1.4 Time (h)
Jumlah jarak yang dilalui / Total distance travelled
= Luas segi tiga / Area of trapezium
1 Jumlah jarak yang dilalui / Total distance travelled
= — × 40 × 8 1
2 = 45 × 0.5 + — × (45 + 100) × (1.4 – 0.5)
= 160 m 2
= 22.5 + 65.25 = 87.75 km
(c) Laju (m s–1)
Speed (m s–1)
Laju purata / Average speed
16 87.75
= ——– = 62.68 km j–1 / km h–1
1.4
Masa (s) 12 – 0
O 7 24 Time (s)
11. (a) = = 0.4 m s–2
30 – 0
∴ Pecutan / Acceleration
= Luas trapezium / Area of trapezium 30 – 30
(b) = = 0 m s–2
1 50 – 0
= — × (24 + 7) × 16
2 ∴ Laju seragam / Constant speed
= 248 m
0 – 35
(c) = = –1.4 m s–2
10. (a) 25 – 0
Laju (cm/s)
Speed (cm/s)
∴ Nyahpecutan / Deceleration
16 – 10
180 12. (a) (i) Kadar perubahan laju = —–——– = 3 m s–2
Rate of change of speed 2–0
110
(ii) Tempoh masa = 7 – 2 = 5 s
Time period
4 – 16
Masa (s) (iii) Kadar perubahan laju = —–—— = –4 m s–2
O 3 9 Time (s) 10 – 7
Rate of change of speed
(iv) Jarak yang dilalui

Distance travelled
1 1 1
= — × 3 × 110 + — × (110 + 180) × (9 – 3) = — × (4 + 16) × (10 – 7)
2 2 2
= 165 + 870 = 30 m
= 1 035 cm
Bot itu bergerak sejauh 30 m dalam masa
3 saat dengan kelajuan menurun dan
Laju purata / Average speed
mengalami nyahpecutan 4 m s–2 sebelum
1 035
= ——– berhenti.
9 The boat travelled 30 m in 3 seconds with
= 115 cm s–1 decreasing speed and decelerating at 4 m s–2
before stop.

13. (a) (i) Kadar perubahan laju (iii) Jumlah jarak yang dilalui
The rate of change of speed Total distance travelled
v–0 = —1 × (120 + 30) × 1.2 + —
1 × [(1.8 – 1.2)
—–— = 3 2 2
7–0
v + (2 – 1.2)] × 30
— = 3 = 90 + 21
7
v = 21 = 111 km
(ii) Jumlah jarak yang dilalui (iv) Laju purata
Total distance travelled Average speed
111
= —1 × [(15 – 7) + 15] × 21 + —
1 × (21 + 4) × = —––
2
2 2
(25 – 15) = 55.5 km j–1
= 55.5 km h–1
= —1 × 23 × 21 + —
1 × 25 × 10
(28 – 16)
2 2 (d) (i) —–—––– = 12
— = 1.71 m s–2
= 241.5 + 125 (7 – 0) 7
= 366.5 m
(ii) Jumlah jarak / Total distance
(iii) Laju purata = — 1 × (16 + 28) × 7 = 154 m
Average speed 2
366.5 Laju purata / Average speed
= —–—–
25 154
= —–– = 22 m s–1
= 14.66 m s–1 7
(b) (i) 8 m s–1 1 × 28 × (t – 10)

1 × —
2 2 
(iii) 154 = —
1 × (v + 8) × 4 = 52
(ii) —
2 308 = 14t – 140
2(v + 8) = 52 14t = 448
v + 8 = 26 t = 32
v = 18
(iii) Jumlah jarak yang dilalui
Total distance travelled
Praktis SPM 7
1 × (18 + 8) × (20 – 16)
= 52 + (16 – 4) × 8 + — Kertas 1
2
= 52 + 96 + 52
= 200 m 1. Dalam graf jarak-masa, kecerunan graf mewakili
kadar perubahan jarak terhadap masa, iaitu laju.
(iv) Laju purata In a distance-time graph, the gradient of the graph
Average speed represents the rate of change in distance with respect to
200 time, which is speed.
= —––
20
Jawapan / Answer: B
= 10 m s–1
v – 120 2. Kecerunan / Gradient

(c) (i) —–—–– = –75 0 – 40
1.2 – 0 = —–––– = –5
v – 120 = –90 8–0

v = 30 Pintasan-y / y-intercept = 40
a = –5t + 40
(ii) (t – 1.2) × 30 = 18
a = 40 – 5t
t – 1.2 = 0.6
t = 1.8 Jawapan / Answer: B

1 × (10 + k) × 10 + —
3. — 1 + (10 + 30) × 8 = 330 90 – 30
2. (a) 2.5 = —–––—
2 2 t – 45
50 + 5k + 160 = 330 90 – 30

t – 45 = —–––—
5k = 120 2.5
k = 24 t = 24 + 45
Jawapan / Answer: B
(b) 69 – 45 = 24 minit / minutes
4. Pecutan / Acceleration
(c) Purata laju / Average speed
18 – 0
= —–––– = 1.5 = 90
12 – 0
Jawapan / Answer: A  
69
60
= 78.26 km j–1

78.26 km h–1
Kertas 2
1. Laju kereta / Speed of the car Sudut KBAT

180 km 180 km
= /
2j 2h
(a) Jarak yang dilalui dengan laju seragam:
= 90 km j  110 km j−1
−1
The distance travelled with uniform speed:
90 km h−1  110 km h−1
1.5 × 16 = 24 km
Laju lori treler / Speed of the trailer truck
(t – 0.2) × 80 = 24
200 km 200 km t – 0.2 = 0.3
= /
2j 2h
t = 0.5
= 100 km j  90 km j−1
−1
100 km h−1  90 km h−1 (b) Kadar perubahan laju / Rate of change of speed
Maka, pemandu lori treler tidak mematuhi undang-
80 km j–1 / km h–1
= ———––————
undang jalan raya kerana memandu pada laju yang 0.2 j / h
melebihi had laju. 80 km
= ———––——–— j–1 / km h–1
Therefore, the trailer truck driver does not comply with the (0.2 × 60) min
road rule because he is driving at a speed exceeding the = 6.67 km j–1 / min
speed limit. 6.67 km h–1 / min

1. Jarak yang dilalui = Luas di bawah graf

Distance travelled = Area under the graph
= 1 × 20 × 30
2
= 300 m
2. Kadar perubahan laju / Rate of change of speed

= (10 − 4) m s
−1
(6 − 2) s
= 1.5 m s−2
Jarak
Distance
3. Masa / Time =
Laju
Speed
= 45
90
= 0.5 jam / hours
= 0.5 × 60
4. Kelajuan dari rumahnya ke rumah anak yatim

The speed from her house to the orphanage
= 14
7 ÷ 60
= 120 km j−1 (km h−1)
Kelajuan dari rumah anak yatim ke rumahnya
The speed from the orphanage to her house
= 14
(15 − 7) ÷ 60
= 105 km j−1 (km h−1)
Beza kelajuan / The difference in speed
= 120 − 105
= 15 km j−1 (km h−1)
5. (a) (i) Motosikal berada dalam keadaan pegun

The motorcycle is in stationary state
= 20 − 15
= 5 saat / seconds
(ii) 3 m s−1 = (R − 35) m
15 s
45 = R − 35
R = 80 m
(b) Laju purata / Average speed = 80 m
30 s
= 2 2 m s–1
3
Motosikal itu bergerak sejauh 80 m selama 30 saat dengan laju purata 2 2 m s−1.
2
The motorcycle moves 80 m for 30 seconds with average speed of 2 m s−1.
3
3

6. (a) (i) Laju / Speed = 40
0.5
= 80 km j−1 (km h−1)
(ii) Laju purata / Average speed = P
0.8
83.75 = P
0.8
P = 67 km
(b) Jarak (km)
Distance (km)
40
Masa (jam)
0 0.5 0.8 Time (hours)
7. (a) 68 4 = 80
7 t1
= 480 80
7 t1
480t1 = 560
t1 = 1 1
6
(b) v = 80
(70 + 30)
60
= 48 km j−1 (km h−1)
(c) 30 = 60 km j−1 (km h−1)
30
60  
8. (a) t = 13 + 6
t = 19 minit / minutes
(b) Jarak (km)
Distance (km)
112
106
Masa (minit)
0 6 t 110 Time (minutes)
(c) Laju purata / Average speed

= 112
110
 
60
= 61.09 km j−1 (km h−1)

9. (a) (i) 1 × 8 × 48 = 192 m
2
(ii) 1 × 6 × 36 = 108 m
2
(b) Kadar perubahan laju / Rate of change of speed
= (0 − 48)
(8 − 0)
= −48
8
= −6 m s−2
Nilai t / the value of t
−6 = (0 − 48)
(20 − t)
–6 = −48
(20 − t)
−120 + 6t = −48
6t = 72
t = 12 s
10. (a) Laju / Speed (m s –1)

30
20
10
O Masa (saat)
10 20 30 40 50 Time (seconds)
(b) Nyahpecutan / Deceleration

= (30 − 0)
50 − 30
=1.5 m s−2

Jawapan
Bab Sukatan Serakan Data Tak Terkumpul
8 Measures of Dispersion for Ungrouped Data
1. (a) Harga tertinggi / Highest price (c) Skor terbesar / Largest score
= RM27 = 10
Harga terendah / Lowest price Skor terkecil / Smallest score
= RM9 =2
Beza harga / Difference in price Beza skor / Difference in score
= RM27 − RM9 = 10 − 2
= RM18 =8
(b) Jisim terbesar / Largest mass (d) Bilangan karangan yang paling banyak
= 84 kg Most number of essays
Jisim terkecil / Smallest mass =8
= 57 kg Bilangan karangan yang paling sedikit
Beza jisim / Difference in mass Least number of essays
= 84 kg − 57kg =1
= 27kg Beza bilangan karangan
Difference in the number of essays
=8−1
=7
2. (a) (i) Markah ujian Sejarah dalam Kelas 4 Arif Markah ujian Sejarah dalam Kelas 4 Bestari
Score of History in Class 4 Arif Score of History in Class 4 Bestari
8 5 2 4 2 5 6 7 8
6 3 1 5 0 3 4 4 7 8
8 8 7 3 0 6 1 1 2 3 6 8 9
9 7 5 4 3 2 0 7 0 3 4 5 9
9 7 6 5 4 2 1 8 2 3 5 6 7
8 5 4 4 2 9 1 8
(ii) Kelas 4 Arif menunjukkan pencapaian yang lebih baik dalam ujian Sejarah berbanding dengan kelas 4
Bestari. Kebanyakan murid di kelas 4 Arif mendapat markah yang lebih tinggi dalam ujian tersebut.
Class 4 Arif showed better achievement in the History test compared to the class 4 Bestari. Most of the students in the
class 4 Arif scored higher in the test.
(b) (i) Hasil jualan petani A Hasil jualan petani B
Farmer A’s sales revenue Farmer B’s sales revenue
9 7 7 5
8 7 6 6 5 5 4 3 3 0 0 6
9 9 8 7 4 3 3 0 7
7 7 3 0 0 0 8
9 2 9 0 1 2 4 5 5 7 7 8
6 10 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8
9 7 7 7 6 5 3 1 1 11 0 2 2 3 4 5 5 9
12 1 1 4 6 7 7 8 8 9
(ii) Petani B memperoleh hasil jualan yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan petani A. Hasil jualan yang
paling kerap adalah antara 90 hingga 130.
Farmer B obtained a higher sales revenue compared to farmer A. The most frequent sales revenues were between 90
and 130.
(iii) Kaedah secara atas talian lebih menguntungkan.
The online method is more profitable.

(c) (i)
Umur murid yang menyertai pertandingan Umur murid yang menyertai pertandingan debat
menulis sajak Age of students participating in the debate competition
Age of students participating in the poetry writing
competition
13 14 15 16 17 13 14 15 16 17
(ii) Pertandingan menulis sajak, kerana kebanyakan cerapan tertumpu pada bahagian kiri plot titik.
Poetry writing contest, because most of the values are concentrated on the left of the dot plot.
(iii) Pertandingan debat, kerana kebanyakan cerapan tertumpu pada bahagian kanan plot titik.
Debate competition, because most of the values are concentrated on the right of the dot plot.
(d) (i)
Harga buku cerita Harga novel
Price of storybooks Price of novels
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
(ii) Serakan harga buku cerita adalah lebih besar kerana beza cerapan data adalah lebih besar.
The dispersion of the price of storybooks is larger because it has larger difference in value.
(iii) Harga buku cerita mempunyai beza cerapan yang lebih tinggi, iaitu 6.
The storybooks have a higher difference in prices, that is 6.
(iv) Novel mempunyai harga yang lebih tinggi kerana kebanyakan cerapan tertumpu pada bahagian kanan
plot titik.
The novels have higher prices because most of the values are concentrated on the right side of the dot plot.
3. (a) Julat / Range = 40 – 23 5. (a) 9, 17, 25, 29, 35, 40, 43

= 17
Q1 Median Q3
(b) Julat / Range = 57 – 35
= 22 Julat antara kuartil
Interquartile range
(c) Julat / Range = 31.8 – 8.4 = Q3 – Q1
= 23.4 = 40 – 17
(d) Julat / Range = 4.2 – 1.1 = 23
= 3.1 (b) 16, 27, 28, 31, 41, 43, 52, 60
4. (a) Julat / Range
Q1 Median Q3
= 12 – 7
=5
Q1 = 27 + 28 = 27.5
(b) Julat / Range 2
=4–0 43 + 52 = 47.5
Q3 =
=4 2

1
Julat antara kuartil Q1 = Data ke-1 1 × 402 / 1 4 × 402 th value
Interquartile range 4
= Q3 – Q1 = Data ke-10 / 10th value = 1
= 47.5 – 27.5 3
Q3 = Nilai ke-1 3 × 402 / 1 4 × 402 th value
= 20 4
= Nilai ke-30 / 30th value = 2
(c) 2.9, 3.2, 3.6, 3.8, 3.8, 3.9, 4.2, 4.7, 5.8 Julat antara kuartil / Interquartile range = 2 – 1
=1
Q1 Median Q3
1 377
7. (a) Min / Mean, x– = = 153
Q1 = 3.2 + 3.6 Q3 = 4.2 + 4.7 9
2 2 –2
= 3.4 = 4.45 x (x – x)
Julat antara kuartil 142 121
Interquartile range 144 81
= Q3 – Q1
148 25
= 4.45 – 3.4
= 1.05 149 16
153 0
156 9
6. (a) Mata
0 1 2 3 4 157 16
Points
Kekerapan 163 100
3 5 9 6 1
Frequency
165 144
Kekerapan ∑x = 1 377 – 2 = 512
∑(x – x)
longgokan 3 8 17 23 24
Cumulative Varians / Variance
frequency –2
∑(x – x)
σ2 =
Q1 terletak di sini. Q3 terletak di sini. N
Q1 lies here. Q3 lies here. 512
= 9 = 56.89
1
4 Sisihan piawai / Standard deviation
= Nilai ke-6 / 6th value = 1 σ = 56.89
3 = 7.54
4
= Nilai ke-18 / 18th value = 3 (b) x x2
Julat antara kuartil / Interquartile range = 3 – 1 6.1 37.21
=2 6.3 39.69

(b) Bilangan anak 6.3 39.69
0 1 2 3 4
Number of children
6.5 42.25
Kekerapan
5 13 17 4 1 7.2 51.84
Frequency
Kekerapan 7.4 54.76
longgokan 5 18 35 39 40 7.8 60.84
Cumulative
frequency ∑x = 47.6 ∑x2 = 326.28
47.6
Q1 terletak di sini. Q3 terletak di sini.
Min / Mean, x– = = 6.8
Q1 lies here. Q3 lies here. 7

Varians / Variance (ii) Sisihan piawai adalah sukatan yang lebih

∑x2 – 2 baik berbanding julat antara kuartil kerana
σ2 = – (x)
N setiap nilai dalam data diambil kira dalam
326.28 pengiraan.
= – 6.82
7 Standard deviation is a better measure compared
= 0.37 to interquartile range because every values in the
data are taking into the calculation.
Sisihan piawai
Standard deviation
9. (a)
σ = 
0.37
= 0.61 x f fx fx2
13 21 273 3 549
8. (a) (i) Julat / Range 14 18 252 3 528
= 57 – 43 = 14 15 25 375 5 625
Julat antara kuartil / Interquartile range 16 16 256 4 096
54 + 55 51 + 52
= – =3 17 20 340 5 780
2 2
∑f = 100 ∑fx = 1 496 ∑fx = 22 578
2
(ii) Julat antara kuartil adalah sukatan yang
paling tepat kerana terdapat kewujudan 1 496
pencilan , 43. Min / Mean, x– = = 14.96
100
Interquartile range is the most appropriate
measure of dispersion because of the existence of
Varians / Variance
the outlier, 43. ∑fx2 –2
σ2 = – (x)
∑f
(b) (i) 10.2, 10.6, 10.7, 10.9, 11.0, 11.3, 11.3, 22 578
= – 14.962
11.5, 11.9 100
Julat antara kuartil / Interquartile range = 1.98
11.3 + 11.5 10.6 + 10.7
= – Sisihan piawai
2 2 Standard deviation
= 11.4 – 10.65 = 0.75
σ = 
1.98
Min / Mean = 1.41
99.4
x– = = 11.04 (b)
9
x f fx fx2
Varians / Variance 40 4 160 6 400
∑x2 –2 50 15 750 37 500
σ2 = – (x)
N
60 11 660 39 600
10.22 + 10.62 + 10.72
70 13 910 63 700
+ 10.92 + 112 + 11.32
+ 11.32 + 11.52 + 11.92 80 7 560 44 800
= – 11.042
9 ∑f = 50 ∑fx = 3 040 ∑fx = 192 000
2
1 099.94 3 040
=
9
– 11.042 Min / Mean, x– = = 60.8
50
= 0.334 Varians / Variance Sisihan piawai
∑fx2 – Standard deviation
σ =
2
– (x)
2
Sisihan piawai / Standard deviation ∑f σ = 143.36

192 000
σ = 0.334 = – 60.82 = 11.97
50
= 0.58
= 143.36

10. (a) 12, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24 (b) 1.8, 2.9, 3.3, 3.9, 4.4, 5.0, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7
Q1 Median Q3 Q1 Median Q3
Nilai minimum 2.9 + 3.3 5.2 + 5.4
Minimum value Q1 = Q3 =
2 2
= 12 = 3.1 = 5.3
Q1 = 17
Nilai minimum / Minimum value = 1.8
Median = 19
Q1 = 3.1
Q3 = 22
Median = 4.4
Nilai maksimum
Q3 = 5.3
Maximum value
= 24 Nilai maksimum / Maximum value = 5.7
1 2 3 4 5 6
12 14 16 18 20 22 24
11. (a) (i) 48

(ii) 94
(iii) 46
(iv) 66
(v) 88
(vi) 22
(vii) 80
12. (a) Julat / Range Varians / Variance

= 12 – 2 22 + 32 + 52 + 72 + 92 + 112 + 122
= – 72
= 10 7
= 12.86
Julat antara kuartil / Interquartile range Sisihan piawai / Standard deviation
= 11 – 3 = 
12.86
=8 = 3.59
(b) (i) Data baharu / New data: 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14

Julat / Range Julat antara kuartil Min / Mean
= 14 – 4 Interquartile range =7+2
= 10 = 13 – 5 =9
=8
Varians / Variance Sisihan piawai / Standard deviation
42 + 52 + 72 + 92 + 112 + 132 + 142 = 
12.86
= – 92
7 = 3.59
= 12.86
Kesan perubahan: Setiap nilai sukatan serakan tidak berubah.
Effect of changes: Each value of measures of dispersion is unchanged.

(ii) Data baharu / New data: 6, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 36

= 36 – 6 Interquartile range =7×3
= 30 = 33 – 9 = 21
= 24
62 + 92 + 152 + 212 + 272 + 332 + 362 = 115.71 = 10.76
= – 21 = 115.71
2
7
Kesan perubahan: Julat asal × 3, Julat antara kuartil asal × 3, Varians asal × 32, Sisihan piawai asal × 3.
Effect of changes: Original range × 3, Original interquartile range × 3, Original variance × 32, Original standard
deviation × 3.
(iii) Data baharu / New data: 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 19

= 19 – 2 Interquartile range = 56 = 8
= 17 = 11 – 3 = 8 7
22 + 32 + 52 + 72 + 92 + 112 + 192 = 
28.86 = 5.37
= – 82 = 28.86
7
Kesan perubahan: Julat, varians dan sisihan piawai berubah dan julat antara kuartil tidak berubah.
Effect of changes: Changes in range, variance and standard deviation and no changes in interquartile range.
(iv) Data baharu / New data: 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 21

= 21 – 2 Interquartile range = 70 = 8.75
= 19 = 11.5 – 4 = 7.5 8
=
22 + 32 + 52 + 72 + 92 + 112 + 122 + 212
– 8.752 = 
32.69
8 = 5.72
= 32.69
Kesan perubahan: Setiap sukatan serakan berubah secara tidak tetap.

Effect of changes: Each measure of dispersion changes irregularly.
(v) Data baharu / New data: 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12

= 12 – 2 Interquartile range = 57 = 7.125
= 10 = 10 – 4 = 6 8
=
22 + 32 + 52 + 72 + 82 + 92 + 112 + 122
– 7.1252 = 11.36 = 
11.36 = 3.37
8
Kesan perubahan: Julat tidak berubah, julat antara kuartil berubah mengikut perubahan Q1 dan Q3.
Manakala, varians dan sisihan piawai berubah.
Effect of changes: No changes in range, interquartile range changes according to the changes in Q1 and Q3. Whereas,
there are changes in variance and standard deviation.
13. (a) Nilai minimum / Minimum value = 1 (b) Nilai ekstrem ialah 9. Nilai ini memberi kesan
Q1 = 2 bahawa data telah terserak luas daripada yang
Median = 3 sebenar, iaitu di antara 1 hingga 6 orang anak.
Q3 = 5 Extreme value is 9. This value implies that the data is
Nilai maksimum / Maximum value = 9 spread out more widely than it actually is, between 1
and 6 children.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

(c)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
14. (a) (i) Bagi pasukan Merah / For Red team,

657
Min / Mean, x– = = 65.7
10
∑x2 = 672 + 662 + 652 + 682 + 602 + 712 + 692 + 612 + 702 + 602 = 43 317
Sisihan piawai / Standard deviation, s = 43 317 – 65.72 = 3.9
10
Bagi pasukan Biru / For Blue team,
657
Min / Mean, x– = = 65.7
10
∑x2 = 642 + 632 + 642 + 652 +642 + 712 + 652 + 662 + 702 + 652 = 43 229
Sisihan piawai / Standard deviation, s = 43 229 – 65.72 = 2.53
10
(ii) Prestasi pasukan Biru lebih baik kerana min bagi kedua-dua pasukan adalah sama, tetapi sisihan
piawai bagi pasukan biru lebih kecil berbanding pasukan Merah. Ini menunjukkan pasukan Biru lebih
konsisten.
The performance of Blue team is better because the mean for both teams is the same, but the standard deviation of the
Blue team is smaller than the Red team. It shows that the Blue team is more consistent.
(b) (i) Bandar Y kerana nilai 75% pelanggannya adalah melebihi 275 orang.
City Y because 75% of the customers are more than 275 people.
(ii) Cawangan di Bandar X kerana 50% pelanggannya adalah paling rendah berbanding dengan pelanggan
di Bandar Y dan Bandar Z.
Branch in City X as 50% of the customers are lower compared to the customers in City Y and City Z.
 
2
∑x2 ∑x Bagi markah Brian / For Bryan’s marks,
15. (a) (i) σ2 =
– 450
n n Min / Mean, x– = = 90
5
 
2
50 385 000 20 000
= –
8 8 ∑x2 = 822 + 932 + 962 + 952 + 842 = 40 670
= 48 125 40 670 – 902 = 5.83
Sisihan piawai, s =
5
σ = 
48 125 Standard deviation
= 219.37
Min bagi markah mereka adalah sama, iaitu
(ii) Varians baharu / New variance 90. Adrian adalah yang paling layak mewakili
= 48 125 sekolah dalam pertandingan itu kerana nilai
Sisihan piawaian baharu sisihan piawainya yang lebih kecil yang
New standard deviation menunjukkan markahnya lebih konsisten
= 219.37 berbanding Bryan.
The mean for their marks is the same, which is 90.
(b) Bagi markah Adrian / For Adrian’s marks, Adrian is the most qualified to represent the school
450 in the competition because the standard deviation
Min / Mean, x– = = 90 is smaller, which shows that his marks are more
5
consistent than Bryan.
∑x2 = 852 + 962 + 942 + 882 + 872 = 40 590
Sisihan piawai, s = 40 590 – 902 = 4.24

Standard deviation
5

(c)
∑x Daripada / From ,
= 20
n a = 60 – b …… 
20 + 16 + 4 + 12 + 20 + 28 + a + b
= 20 Gantikan  ke dalam ,
8
100 + a + b = 160 Substitute  into ,
a + b = 60 ……  (60 – b)2 + b2 = 1 872
∑x2 3 600 – 120b + b2 + b2 = 1 872
– (–x)2 = 84 2b2 – 120b + 1 728 = 0
n
b = 36, b = 24
202 + 162 + 42 + 122 + 202 + 282 + a2 + b2
– 202 = 84
8
2 000 + a + b2
2 Apabila / When b = 36, a = 60 – 36 = 24
= 484 Apabila / When b = 24, a = 60 – 24 = 36
8
2 000 + a + b = 3 872
2 2
b , a, maka / thus b = 24, a = 36.
a2 + b2 = 1 872 …… 
(d) (i) Min umur peserta sekolah S = 10 tahun / Mean of participant’s age in school S = 10 years old
Min umur peserta sekolah T = 10 tahun / Mean of participant’s age in school T = 10 years old
(ii) Bagi umur peserta di sekolah S / For participants’ ages in school S,
∑x2 = 2(72) + 3(82) + 4(92) + 5(102) + 4(112) + 3(122) + 2(132) = 2 368
s = 2 368 – 102 = 1.72

23
Bagi umur peserta di sekolah T / For participants’ ages in school T,
∑x2 = 4(82) + 6(92) + 10(102) + 6(112) + 4(122) = 3 044
s = 3 044 – 102 = 1.21

30
Julat / Range
Praktis SPM 8 = 84 – 50
= 34
Kertas 1
1. Median tidak dipengaruhi nilai ekstrem.
Median is not affected by extreme value.
3. 50% 50%
2. Nilai terbesar / Largest value

70 80 90 100 110
= 84
Nilai terkecil / Smallest value Maka, 50% daripada pemandu memandu kurang
= 50 daripada 90 km j–1.
Thus, 50% of the drivers drive less than 90 km h–1.

(10 × 3) + (15 × 3) + (P × 2) + 16 + 14 3.
4. = 12.9
3+3+2+1+1 (a) x f fx x2 fx2
30 + 45 + 2P + 16 + 14
= 12.9 45 6 270 2 025 12 150
3+3+2+1+1
2P + 105 55 14 770 3 025 42 350
= 12.9
10 65 18 1 170 4 225 76 050
= 129 2p + 105
129 –105 75 10 750 5 625 56 250
P = 85 2 170 7 225 14 450
2
= 12 Sf Sfx Sfx2
Jawapan / Answer : D = 50 = 3 130 = 201 250
(b) Varians/ Variance,

2
Kertas 2
= Sfx – –x 2
Sf
1. 2
Nilai minimum / Minimum value 3

= 201 250 – 3 130
50
 
50

= 4 025 − 3 918.76
Kuartil pertama / First quartile 4 = 106.24
Median / Median 6 Sisihan piawai/ Standard deviation,
=  106.24
Kuartil ketiga / Third quartile 9 =10.31
Nilai maksimum / Maximum value 10
4. Kilang A/ Factory A:
Min/ Mean
= 58 + 56 + 67 + 49 + 50
5
= 280
5
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
= 56
Sisihan piawai/ Standard deviation,

2. (a) Data dalam tertib menaik:

58 + 56 + 67 + 49 + 50 – 56
2 2 2 2 2
Data in ascending order: 2
=
2 10 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 5
= 
Julat/ Range = 20 − 2 15 890 – 3 136
=18 5
= 
42
Julat antara kuartil / Interquartile range
= 6.4807

= 18 + 19 − 10 + 14
2
 
2

Kilang B/ Factory B:
= 18.5 − 12
Min/ Mean
= 6.5
= 46 + 50 + 56 + 58 + 70
(b) Julat antara kuartil ialah sukatan serakan yang 5
= 280
lebih sesuai kerana wujudnya nilai luaran,
5
iaitu 2.
The interquartile range is a more appropriate measure
= 56
of dispersion due to the presence of the outlier, 2.

Sisihan piawai/ Standard deviation,

2. Katakan min bagi set A dan set B ialah m.
Let the mean for set A and set B is m.

46 + 50 + 56 + 58 + 70 – 56
2 2 2 2 2
2
=
5 m = ∑a
6
= 
16 016 – 3 136
∑a = 6m
5 2
= 
67.2 32 = a – m2
6
= 8.1976 54 = ∑a2 – 6m2
Encik Steven patut memilih Kilang A untuk tujuan ∑a2 = 6m2 + 54
tempahan kasut kerana sisihan piawainya adalah m = ∑b
lebih kecil. Pengeluaran kasut di kilang itu lebih 4
konsisten. ∑b = 4m
2
Mr. Steven should choose Factory A for ordering shoes 52 = b – m2
because the standard deviation is smaller. Its production 4
is more consistent. 100 = ∑b2 – 4m2
∑b2 = 4m2 + 100
Sudut KBAT Katakan σ2 mewakili varians bagi gabungan set

Let σ2 represents the variance of the combined set
1. (a) Bagi mesin A, julat antara kuartil ∑a2 + ∑b2 ∑a + ∑b 2
–1
6+4 2
s2 =
For machine A, interquartile range 6+4
= 1.53 – 1.48 6m + 4m 2
–1 2
6m2 + 54 + 4m2 + 100
= 0.05

=
6+4 6+4
Bagi mesin B, julat antara kuartil
10m 2
–1 2
For machine B, interquartile range 10m2 + 154

=
= 1.55 – 1.42 10 10
= 0.13 10m2 + 154

= – m2
Julat antara kuartil bagi mesin A adalah lebih 10
kecil berbanding mesin B. Ini menunjukkan 10m2 + 154 – 10m2

=
50% daripada sampel bagi mesin B terserak 10
lebih besar berbanding dengan mesin A.
= 15.4
The interquartile range of machine A is smaller than
machine B. It shows that 50% of the sample for
machine B have a wider dispersion than machine A.
(b) Bagi mesin A, kebarangkalian jisim bungkusan

gula tersebut adalah kurang daripada 1.48 kg
ialah 0.25 (25%), manakala bagi mesin B ialah
0.5 (50%).
For machine A, the probability of the mass of the sugar
less than 1.48 kg is 0.25 (25%), while for machine B
is 0.5 (50%).

1. 16, 18, 42, 72, 88, 90, 95
Q1 Median Q3
= Q3 − Q1
= 90 − 18
= 72
2. 25, 28, 28, 30, 30, 32, 35, 35, 36, 36, 38
Median Q3
Maka / Therefore Q3 = 36
– Σx
3. Min / Mean, x =
N
40.7 = 407
N
N = 10
4. 11.25 = 5(3) + 10(6) + 15(9) + 10(12) + 15Q

5 + 10 + 15 + 10 + Q
11.25 = 330 +15Q
40 + Q
450 + 11.25Q = 330 + 15Q
120 = 3.75Q
Q = 32
5. Varians / Variance
= (17.74)2
= 314.7
6. (a) Julat / Range
= 50 − 10
= 40
Harga (RM) 10 20 30 50
Price (RM)
Bilangan jualan 15 25 38 10
Number of sales
Kekerapan longgokan 15 40 78 88
Cumulative frequency
Q1 = cerapan ke- 1 × 88 / the  1 × 88 value

 
th
4 4
= cerapan ke-22 / the 22th value
= 20
Q3 = cerapan ke- 3 × 88 / the  3 × 88 value
 
th

4 4
= cerapan ke-66 / the 66th value
= 30
Julat anatara kuartil / Interquartile range
= 30 − 20 = 10

(b) (i) x– = Σx = (25 × 10) + (30 × 20) + (45 × 30) + (18 × 50)
N 25 + 30 + 45 + 18
= 26.27
(ii) σ2 = Σx – x–2 = 25(10) + 30(20) + 45(30) + 18(50) − 26.272

2 2 2 2 2
N 118
= 157.34
7. (a) x– = Σx = 109
N 7
= 15.57

2
σ = Σx – x– 2
N
1 787 – 15.57
=  2
7
= 3.586
(b) – Σx
x =
N
16.6 = 109 –x
6
109 − x = 99.6
x = 9.4
8. (a) Julat / Range = 29 − 5 = 24

(b) Median = 15
(c) Kuartil pertama / First quartile = 7
(d) Kuartil ketiga / Third quartile = 23
(e) Julat antara kuartil / Interquartile range,
= 23 − 7
= 16
9. (a) (i) Julat / Range = 21 − 3 = 18

(ii) 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 9, 12, 13, 13, 21
Median = 9
(iii) Q1 = 5
Q3 = 13
Q3 − Q1 = 13−5
=8
(b) (i) – Σx
x =
N
9 = 103 + x
12
103 + x = 108
x = 5
(ii) 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 8, 9, 9, 12, 13, 13, 21
Median = 8 + 9
2
= 8.5

10. (a) 11, 13, 14, 23, 24, 26, 26, 26, 28, 31, 31, 31, 33, 43, 45
Nilai minimum 11
Minimum value
Kuartil pertama 23
First quartile
Median 26
Kuartil ketiga 31
Third quartile
Nilai maksimum 45
Maximum value
(b) Tiada perubahan / Remains unchanged

(c) Markah ujian tersebut lebih tertumpu di sebelah kanan.
The test marks are more concentrated on the right.

Jawapan
Bab Kebarangkalian Peristiwa Bergabung
9 Probability of Combined Events
1. (a) Palsu (A, 5), (A, 6), (G, 5) dan (G, 6) P(huruf vokal dan nombor ganjil)
P(vowel letter and odd number)
False tidak termasuk dalam ruang 1 2 1
sampel ini kerana dadu itu hanya = × =
2 3 3
mempunyai empat muka.
(A, 5), (A, 6), (G, 5) and (G, 6) are not (b) (i) P(huruf ‘T’)
included in this sample spaces as the P(the letter ‘T’)
dice has only four faces. 1
=
Benar Semua unsur ruang sampel itu 3
True dinyatakan dengan betul. P(huruf ‘N’)
All the elements of the sample space are
correctly listed.
P(the letter ‘N’)
1
Benar Semua unsur ruang sampel itu =
5
True dinyatakan dengan betul.
All the elements of the sample space are P(huruf ‘T’ dan huruf ‘N’)
correctly listed. P(the letter ‘T’ and the letter ‘N’)
1 1 1
Palsu Terdapat tiga lagi unsur yang tidak = × =
3 5 15
False dinyatakan, iaitu (D, D), (T, T) dan
(W, W). (ii)
P(huruf vokal dalam kotak X)
There are three other unstated elements, P(vowel letter in box X)
namely (D, D), (T, T ) and (W, W ). 2
=
3
2. (a) Peristiwa bersandar
Dependent events P(huruf vokal dalam kotak Y)
(b) Peristiwa bersandar P(vowel letter in box Y)
Dependent events
1
=
(c) Peristiwa tak bersandar 5
Independent events P(huruf vokal dalam kotak X dan kotak Y)
3. (a) (i) P(huruf ‘N’) P(vowel letter in box X and Y)
P(the letter ‘N’) 2 1
= ×
1 3 5
=
2 2
P(nombor 5) =
15
P(number 5)
1 (c) (i) P(dadu menunjukkan nombor ganjil)
= P(the dice shows an odd number)
3
3 1
P(huruf ‘N’ dan nombor 5) = =
P(the letter ‘N’ and number 5)
6 2
1 1 1 P(duit syiling menunjukkan gambar)
= × =
2 3 6 P(the coin shows head)
1
(ii)
P(huruf vokal) =
2
P(vowel letter)
1 P(dadu menunjukkan nombor ganjil dan
=
2 duit syiling menunjukkan gambar)
P(nombor ganjil) P(the dice shows an odd number and the coin
P(odd number) shows head)
2 1 1 1
= = × =
3 2 2 4

(ii)
P(dadu menunjukkan nombor perdana) (ii) (a) P(E, E)
P(the dice shows a prime number) 8 8
3 1 = ×
= = 24 24
6 2 64
=
P(duit syiling menunjukkan angka) 576
P(the coin shows tail) 1
=
1 9
=
2
(b) P(E, M) + P(M, E)
P(dadu menunjukkan nombor perdana
dan duit syiling menunjukkan angka) =
8

×
24 24
16
+
16
 
×
24 24
8

P(the dice shows a prime number and the coin 2 2
shows tail) = +
1 1 1 9 9
= × = 4
2 2 4 =
9
4. (a) (i)
Anak kucing Anak kucing (c) (i)
Kesudahan
pertama kedua Outcome Guli pertama Guli kedua Kesudahan
First kitten Second kitten
First marble Second marble Outcome
3
4 5 J (J, J) 6
J 6 18 H (H, H)
6 H
2 B (J, B) 18
4 12 B (H, B)
5 6
5 J (B, J) 18
2 18 H (B, H)
B 12
6 1 B (B, B) B
5 18 12 B (B, B)
18
(ii) (a) P(J, B) + P(B, J)
(ii) (a)
P(B, B)
=
4 2
6 5
× +  2 4
6 5
×    =
12 12
×
18 18
8 8 144
= + =
30 30 324
16 8 4
= = =
30 15 9
(b) P(J, B) + P(B, J) + P(B, B)
P(H, B) + P(B, H)
(b)
=
4 2
× +
2 4
×  
+
2 1
×   
6 5
8 8
6 5
2
6 5 =
6
×
18 18
12

+
12
×
18 18
6
  
= + + 2 2
30 30 30 = +
18 3 9 9
= = 4
30 5 =
9
(b) (i)
Gula-gula Gula-gula
pertama kedua
Kesudahan 5. (a) (i) P(2 biji rosak) = 5 × 4 × 20 × 3
Outcome P(2 rotten apples) 25 24 23
First sweet Second sweet
8 = 2
23
8 24 E (E, E)
E
24
16 M (E, M) (ii)
P(2 biji baik) = 20 × 19 × 5 × 3
8 P(2 good apples) 25 24 23
24
24 (M, E)
= 19
E
16 M
24 16 46
M (M, M)
24

(iii)
P(< 2 biji rosak) = 1 – P(semua rosak) 7. (a) Saling eksklusif
P(< 2 rotten apples) = 1 – P(all rotten) Mutually exclusive
=1– 5 × 4 × 3
25 24 23
= 229 (b) E = {23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47}
230 F = {21, 28, 35, 42, 49}
G = {21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48}
(b) (i) P(hanya seorang) (i) E  F = 0 ;
P(only one)
saling eksklusif / mutually exclusive
= 0.7 × 0.3 × 0.3 × 3
= 0.189 (ii) E  G = 0 ;
saling eksklusif / mutually exclusive
(ii) P(semua orang) (iii) F  G = {21, 42} ;

P(everyone) tidak saling eksklusif / non-mutually exclusive
= 0.7 × 0.7 × 0.7
= 0.343
n(X  Z)
(iii) P(tiada orang) 8. (a) (i) P(X  Z) =
n(S)
P(none of them) 4
= 0.3 × 0.3 × 0.3 =
9
= 0.027
3 1 4
P(X) + P(Z) = + =
9 9 9
6. (a) P(guli biru  guli kuning) Maka, terbukti bahawa P(X  Z) = P(X) + P(Z).
P(blue marble ∩ yellow marble) Hence, it is proven that P(X  Z) = P(X) + P(Z).
8 5
= ×
20 20
1 n(X  Y)
= (ii) P(X  Y) =
10 n(S)
5
=
9
(b) P(kapur merah  kapur merah)
P(red chalk  red chalk) P(X) + P(Y) – P(X  Y)
10 9
= × 3 4 2
15 14 + –=
3 9 9 9
= 5
7 =
9
1 1 Maka, terbukti bahawa
(c) P(C  E) = ×
5 5 P(X  Y) = P(X) + P(Y) – P(X  Y).
1 Hence, it is proven that
=
25 P(X  Y) = P(X) + P(Y) – P(X  Y).
(d) P(seorang Melayu ∩ seorang Cina ∩ seorang

India)
P(a Malay ∩ a Chinese ∩ an Indian)
20 18 14
= × ×
52 51 50
42
=
1 105

9. n(A  B) P(A  B) n(A  B) P(A  B)

P(A  B) = P(A  B) =
n(S) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A  B) n(S) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A  B)
S = {I, J, K, L} AB=Ø S = {I, J, K, L} C  D = {L}

1 1
A = {I} P(A) = C = {L} P(C) =
4 4
B = {K} 1 D = {J, K, L} 3
P(B) = P(D) =
A  B = {I, K} 4 C  D = {J, K, L} 4
P(A  B) = 0 1
n(S) = 4 n(S) = 4 P(C  D) =
1 1 4
n(A  B) = 2 P(A  B) = + – 0 n(C  D) = 3
4 4 1 3 1
2 3 P(C  D) = + –
P(A  B) = 1 P(C  D) = 4 4 4
4 = 4
2 3
1 =
= 4
2
• Kes 1 merujuk kepada peristiwa saling eksklusif kerana A  B = Ø. Oleh itu, rumus bagi peristiwa saling
eksklusif
Case 1 refers to to mutually exclusive events because A  B = Ø. Thus, the formula of mutually exclusive events
P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B)
• Kes 2 merujuk kepada peristiwa tidak saling eksklusif kerana A  B ≠ Ø. Oleh itu, rumus bagi peristiwa
tidak saling eksklusif
Case 2 refers to to non-mutually exclusive events because A  B ≠ Ø. Thus, the formula of non-mutually exclusive
events
P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A  B)
10. (a) (i) S = {Jan, Feb, Mac, Apr, Mei, Jun, Jul, Ogo, S = {H, H, H, H, H, B, B, G, G, G}
Sep, Okt, Nov, Dis} M = {H, H, H, H, H}
{Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, N = {G, G, G}
Oct, Nov, Dec}
M = {Jan, Jun, Jul} / {Jan, Jun, Jul} M N
H G
N = {Jan, Mac, Mei, Jul, Ogo, Okt, Dis} H
{Jan, Mar, May, Jul, Aug, Okt, Dec} H G B
H
H G B
M Mac N
March
Mei 8
Jan May Feb (ii)
P(M  N) =
Jun Ogo 10
June Jul Aug Apr
Okt 4
Oct Sep =
Dis 5
Dec Nov
7
(c) (i) P(J  K) =
8
8 J K
(ii) P(M  N) = L
12
2
=
3
(b) (i) Katakan H ialah butang hitam, B ialah 5
butang biru dan G ialah butang hijau. (ii) P(K  L) =
8
Let H is black button, B is blue button and G is J K
green button. L

11. (a) K = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6)} (ii) P(Shamimi dan Shuhada dipilih sebagai
L = {(4, 5), (5, 4)} pengerusi kelab / Shamimi and Shuhada are
M = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), chosen as chairman)
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3)} = 2 × 4 = 8
N = {(2, 2), (4, 4), (6, 6)} 5 9 45
P(hanya Shamimi dipilih sebagai pengerusi
(i) P(K  L) = P(K) + P(L) = 6 + 2
36 36 kelab / only Shamimi is chosen as a chairman)
= 8 = 2 = 2 – 8 = 2
36 9 5 45 9
P(hanya Shuhada dipilih sebagai pengerusi
(ii) P(L  M) = P(L) + P(M) = 2 + 9 = 11 kelab / only Shuhada is chosen as a chairman)
36 36 36
= 4 – 8 = 4
9 45 15
(iii) P(K  N) = P(K) + P(N) = 6 + 3
36 36 P(Shamimi atau Shuhada dipilih sebagai
= 9 = 1 pengerusi kelab / Shamimi or Shuhada is
36 4 chosen as chairman)
= 2 + 4 – 8 = 2
(b) (i) P(K  D) = 25 + 59 5 9 45 3
100 100
= 84 (e) Biar / Let
100
21 R = cawan yang dipilih rosak / the cup chosen is
= damaged
25
R’ = cawan yang dipilih tidak rosak / the cup
chosen is not damaged
(ii) P(R  D) = 16 + 59
100 100
Cawan
= 75 Cawan kedua Kesudahan
100 pertama Second cup Outcome
First cup
= 3 4
4
4 11 R (R, R)
(iii) P(K  R  D) = 1 R
11 R’ (R, R’)
7
4
11
(c) P(murid lelaki atau ahli Kelab Sains) 11 R (R’, R)
7 R’
P(a male student or a member of Science Club) 11 7 R’ (R’, R’)
17 12 5 11
= + –
35 35 35
P(sekurang-kurangnya sebiji cawan yang
24 n(S) = 35
= n(murid lelaki / male student) = 8 + 5 + 7 dipilih rosak)
35 P(at least one of the chosen cup is damaged)
= 17
n(ahli Kelab Sains / member of Science Club) = 5 + 7 = P(R, R) + P(R, R’) + P(R’, R)
= 12
n(murid lelaki  ahli kelas sains)
n(male student ∩ member of Science Club)
=
4
×
11 114
+
4
×
11 11 
7
+
7
×
11 11 
4

=5
16 28 28
= + +
121 121 121
(d) (i) ξ
Shamimi Shuhada 72
=
121
2 8 4
9 45 15
1
3

12. (a) (i) P(hanya Abu dipilih) (c) (i) Katakan terdapat x helai blaus putih.
P(only Abu is chosen) Let say there are x white blouses.
= P(Abu dipilih, Bala tidak dipilih) P(biru atau putih) = P(B) + P(P)

P(Abu is chosen, Bala is not chosen) P (blue or white)
2 2 2 = 7 + x
= × Gunakan kebarangkalian peristiwa
5 3 pelengkap 3 12 + x 12 + x
4 Use the probability of complement of event
= P(Bala tidak dipilih) 3(7 + x) = 2(12 + x)
15 P(Bala is not chosen)
1 2
21 + 3x = 24 + 2x
=1– =
3 3 x = 3
(ii) P(sekurang-kurangnya seorang daripada (ii) P(hitam atau putih) = P(H) + P(P)
mereka yang dipilih)
P(at least one of them is chosen)
P(black or white) = 5 + 3
15 15
=
P(Abu dipilih, Bala tidak dipilih) + P(Abu
= 8
tidak dipilih, Bala dipilih) + P(Abu dipilih, 15
Bala dipilih)
P(Abu is chosen, Bala is not chosen) + P(Abu
is not chosen, Bala is chosen) + P(Abu is (d) (i) Luas petak C / Area of plot C
chosen, Bala is chosen) = (20 – 12) × (20 – 12)
= 64 cm2
=  25 × 23  +  35 × 13  +  25 × 13  Luas keseluruhan petak
3 Area of the whole plots
= = 65 × 65
5
= 4 225 cm2
64
(b) (i) P(Kimia sahaja / Chemistry only) P(A  B) = P(C) =
4 225
= P(Biologi gagal, Kimia lulus, Fizik gagal) = 0.015
= P(fails Biology, passes Chemistry, fails Physics)
4 3 1 (ii) Luas petak / Area of plot A
= × ×
5 4 3 = 25 × 25
1 = 625 cm2
=
5
Luas petak / Area of plot B
= 20 × 20
(ii) P(semua subjek / all the subjects)
= 400 cm2
= P(Biologi lulus, Kimia lulus, Fizik lulus)
P(passes Biology, passes Chemistry, passes 625 400 64
P(A  B) = + –
Physics) 4 225 4 225 4 225
1 3 2 = 0.227
= × ×
5 4 3
1
= 625 64
10 (iii) P(A) = –
4 225 4 225
= 0.133
(iii) P(sekurang-kurangnya satu subjek)
P(at least one subject)
400 64
= 1 – P(semua subjek gagal / fails all the (iv) P(B) = –
4 225 4 225
subjects)
= 0.080
= 1 – 
4 1 1
× ×
5 4 3  (v) Petak A kerana kebarangkaliannya adalah
14 yang paling tinggi.
=
15 Plot A because the probability is the highest.

60 59
Praktis SPM 9 P(M, M) = ×
115 114
118
Kertas 1 =
437
1. n(S) = 6 × 4 = 0.2700
= 24 (b)
Jawapan / Answer : D Ahli pertama Ahli kedua Kesudahan
First member Second member Outcome
2. P(kedua-dua atlet berjaya) 77
P(both athletes pass) 78 132 L (L, L)
133 L
3 5 P (L, P)
= × 55
5 8 78
3 132
= 132 L (P, L)
55 P
8
133 54 P (P, P)
Jawapan / Answer : B 132
3. P(hanya seorang akan membeli minuman sejuk) 78 77

P(L, L) = ×
P(only one will buy a cold drink) 133 132
5 5 3
=  3 ×  +  ×  =
13
5 8 8 8 38
15 = 0.3421
=
32
Jawapan / Answer : C 2. (a) P(Benjamin menyertai Kelab Nyanyian dan
Kelab Tarian)
P(Benjamin joins Singing Club and Dancing Club)
4. P(datang lewat dua hari berturut-turut)
4 5
P(come late for two consecutive days) = ×
1 7 8
= × 1 5
10 10 =
14
1
=
100 P(Benjamin hanya menyertai Kelab Nyanyian)
Jawapan / Answer : D P(Benjamin only joins Singing Club)
4 5
= –
7 14
Kertas 2 3
=
14
1. (a)
P(Benjamin hanya menyertai Kelab Tarian)
Ahli pertama Ahli kedua Kesudahan P(Benjamin only joins Dancing Club)
First member Second member Outcome
5 5
59 = –
8 14
60 114 M (M, M) 15
115 M =
55 S (M, S) 56
60
114 M N
114 M (S, M)
55 S 3 5 15
115 54 S (S, S) 14 14 56
9
114 56


(b) (i) P(Benjamin menyertai Kelab Nyanyian 3. (a) P(pemenang selepas dua perlawanan)
atau Kelab Tarian) P(the winner after two matches)
P(Benjamin joins the Singing Club or the Dancing = P(Joel menang) + P(Kumaran menang)
Club) P(Joel wins) + P(Kumaran wins)
4 5 5
= + –
7 8 14 19 9 9
2 1
= 4 × 4 + 5 × 5
9
2
47
=
56 = 41
81
(b) P(Joel menang dalam tiga set)
(ii)
P(Benjamin tidak menyertai Kelab P(Joel wins in the three sets)
Nyanyian atau Kelab Tarian)
P(Benjamin does not join the Singing Club or the 19 9 9 9
2 1
= 4 × 5 × 4 + 5 × 4 × 4
9 9
2
Dancing Club)
47 = 160
=1– 729
56
9
=
56
Sudut KBAT
P(kedua-dua sekolah dari Bandar B)
P(both schools are from Town B)
= 9 × 6
37 40
= 27
740

1. n(S) = 4 × 4 =16
2. 2 5 6
P (P, 2) (P, 5) (P, 6)
O (O, 2) (O, 5) (O, 6)
L (L, 2) (L, 5) (L, 6)
I (I, 2) (I, 5) (I, 6)
S (S, 2) (S, 5) (S, 6)
Mendapat kad berlabel huruf L dan nombor ganjil
Getting cards labelled with letter L and odd number
= {(L, 5)}
n(S) = 5 × 3 = 15
P(Mendapat kad berlabel huruf L dan nombor ganjil)
P(Getting cards labelled with letter L and odd number)
= 1
15
3. E N A M
E (E, N) (E, A) (E, M)
N (N, E) (N, A) (N, M)
A (A, E) (A, N) (A, M)
M (M, E) (M, N) (M, A)
n(S) = 12
4. I C E
I (I, C) (I, E)
C (C, I) (C, E)
E (E, I) (E, C)
{(I, C), (I, E), (C, I), (C, E), (E, I), (E, C)}
5. x = 8, y = 6
6. Cabutan Pertama Cabutan Kedua Kesudahan
First Draw Second Draw Outcome
3 B (B, B)
8
4 B
9 5
K (B, K)
8
4 B (K, B)
9
5 K
9 5 K (K, K)
9
P(Kedua-dua pembaris besi) / P(Both metal ruler)
= 4 × 3 = 1
9 8 6

7. P A Y D
9 (9, P) (9, A) (9, Y) (9, D)
6 (6, P) (6, A) (6, Y) (6, D)
4 (4, P) (4, A) (4, Y) (4, D)
1 (1, P) (1, A) (1, Y) (1, D)
Mendapat faktor 9 dan huruf Y / getting factor of 9 and letter Y

= {(9, Y), (1, Y)}
N(S) = 4 × 4 = 16
P(Faktor 9 dan huruf Y)
P(Factor of 9 and letter Y)
= 2
16
= 1
8
8. (a) Cabutan Pertama Cabutan Kedua Kesudahan

First Draw Second Draw Outcome
9
F (F, F)
16
10 F
17 7 T (F, T)
16 10
F (T, F)
16
7 T
17
6 T (T, T)
16
(b) (i) P(Mendapat RM10 pada cabutan pertama)
P(Getting RM10 on the first draw)
=  177 × 10 7 6
16   17 16 
+ ×
7
=
17
(ii) P(Mendapat RM5 pada kedua-dua cabutan)
P(Getting RM5 on both draws)
10 9
= ×
17 16
45
=
136
9. (a) ξ K D
7 1 14
72 36 72
49
72
1 23
(b) P(K) + P(D) − P(K  D) = 1 + 2 − =
8 9 36 72

10. (a) Biskut pertama Biskut kedua Kesudahan
First biscuit Second biscuit Outcome
6
C (C, C)
15
4
C 15
B (C, B)
7
16 5
15 K (C, K)
7
C (B, C)
4 16
4
16 16
B B (B, B)
5
16 K (B, K)
5 7
C (K, C)
16 15
4
15
K B (K, B)
4
15 K (K, K)
(b) (i) P(Biskut jenis sama)

P(Biscuit of the same type)
= {(C, C), (B, B), (k, k)}
7 6 4 4 5 4
=  ×
16 15
+   ×
16 16
+ ×  
16 15 
77
=
240
(ii) P(Biskut jenis berbeza)
P(Biscuit of different types)
= {(C, B), (C, K), (B, C), (B, K), (K, C), (K, B)}
7 4 7 5 4 7 4 5 5 7 5 4
=  ×
16 15
+   ×
16 15
+   ×
16 16   + ×
16 16 
+ ×
16 15
+  
×
16 15 
163
=
240

Jawapan
Bab Matematik Pengguna: Pengurusan Kewangan
10 Consumer Mathematics: Financial Management
1. (a) Menetapkan matlamat kewangan Jumlah perbelanjaan / Total expenses

Setting financial goals = RM1 750 + RM1 580 = RM3 330
(b) Menilai kedudukan kewangan Aliran tunai / Cash flow
Evaluating financial status
= RM3 000 – RM3 330 = –RM330
(c) Mewujudkan pelan kewangan
Creating financial plan Aliran tunai negatif. / Negative cash flow.
(d) Melaksanakan pelan kewangan (c) Jumlah pendapatan / Total income
Carrying out financial plan = RM3 300 + RM940 = RM4 240
(e) Mengkaji semula dan menyemak kemajuan
Reviewing and revising the progress Jumlah perbelanjaan / Total expenses
= RM2 100 + RM780 = RM2 880
2. (a) Ya (b) Tidak (c) Tidak
Yes No No
Aliran tunai / Cash flow
= RM4 240 – RM2 880 = RM1 360
3. (a) Mengumpul simpanan sebanyak RM36 000 Aliran tunai positif. / Positive cash flow.
Accumulating savings of RM36 000
(b)
Simpanan yang boleh dicapai sebanyak 5. (a) Sebelum perubahan / Before changes:
RM36 000 (dalam masa 5 tahun)
Savings of RM36 000 can be achieved (in 5 years) Jumlah pendapatan / Total income
(c) Simpanan bulanan sebanyak RM600 daripada = RM2 700 + RM600
jumlah pendapatan RM6 000 adalah sebanyak = RM3 300
10% sahaja Jumlah perbelanjaan / Total expenses
Monthly savings of RM600 is only 10% of the total = RM2 500 + RM1 500
income of RM6 000
= RM4 000
(d) Dalam tempoh 5 tahun
In 5 years’ time Aliran tunai / Cash flow
= Jumlah pendapatan – Jumlah perbelanjaan
4. (a) Jumlah pendapatan / Total income Total income – Total expenses
= RM3 500 + RM300 = RM3 800 = RM3 300 – RM4 000
= –RM700
Jumlah perbelanjaan / Total expenses
= RM1 800 + RM1 250 = RM3 050 Aliran tunai negatif.
Negative cash flow.
= Jumlah pendapatan – Jumlah perbelanjaan Selepas perubahan / After changes:
Total income – Total expenses
Jumlah pendapatan / Total income
= RM3 800 – RM3 050 = (110% × RM2 700) + RM600
= RM750 = RM2 970 + RM600 = RM3 570
Aliran tunai positif. Jumlah perbelanjaan / Total expenses
Positive cash flow.
= (84% × RM2 500) + (80% × RM1 500)
(b) Jumlah pendapatan / Total income = RM2 100 + RM1 200 = RM3 300
= RM2 400 + RM600 = RM3 000
= RM3 570 – RM3 300 = RM270

Kesan aliran tunai: Aliran tunai menjadi (b) Jumlah simpanan tetap dalam 11 bulan
positif tetapi masih perlu berhati-hati semasa Total monthly fixed deposits in 11 months
berbelanja untuk mengelakkan aliran tunai = RM500 × 11 bulan / months = RM5 500
menjadi negatif semula.
Effect on cash flow: Cash flow is positive but still need Arif dapat mencapai matlamat kewangan
to be careful when spending to prevent cash flow kerana dia mempunyai lebihan sebanyak
from becoming negative again. RM500. (RM5 500 – RM5 000).
Arif is able to achieve his financial goal because he
Pendapatan Jenis pendapatan has a surplus of RM500. (RM5 500 – RM5 000).
6.
Income Type of income
Komisen jualan Pendapatan aktif (c) Jumlah simpanan tetap dalam 10 tahun
Sales commisions Active income Total monthly fixed deposits in 10 years
= RM950 × 10 tahun / years × 12 bulan / months
Pendapatan daripada Pendapatan pasif
= RM114 000
pelaburan Passive income
Income from investments
Alice tidak dapat mencapai matlamat kewangan
Kerja sampingan Pendapatan pasif kerana dia mengalami kekurangan simpanan
Part time work Passive income
sebanyak RM86 000 untuk membeli kedai
Elaun kerja lebih masa Pendapatan aktif tersebut. Dia terpaksa memohon pinjaman
Overtime work allowance Active income bank untuk membeli kedai tersebut.
Dividen Pendapatan pasif Alice cannot achieve her financial goal because she
Dividends Passive income suffers a shortfall of RM86 000 to buy the store. She
has to apply for a bank loan to buy the store.
Sewa diterima Pendapatan pasif
Rent received Passive income

9. (a) (i) x = RM2 544 – RM600 – RM1 545
= RM399
7. Perbelanjaan tetap /
Perbelanjaan tidak (ii) Berdasarkan pelan kewangan Encik Teoh,
Perbelanjaan
Expenses tetap dia mempunyai simpanan untuk mencapai
Fixed expense / Variable
expense matlamat kewangan jangka panjang.
Oleh itu, mudah bagi Encik Teoh mencapai
Insurans peribadi Perbelanjaan tetap
Personal insurance Fixed expense
matlamatnya.
Based on Mr. Teoh’s financial plan, he has savings
Utiliti rumah Perbelanjaan tidak tetap to achieve long-term financial goal. Therefore, it
House utilities Variable expense is easy for Mr. Teoh to achieve his goal.
Bil telefon bimbit Perbelanjaan tidak tetap (iii) Simpanan tahunan / Yearly savings
Handphone bills Variable expense
= RM47 520 = RM4 752
Belanja perubatan Perbelanjaan tidak tetap 10
Medical expenses Variable expense
Simpanan bulanan / Monthly savings
Pinjaman perumahan Perbelanjaan tetap
House loan Fixed expense = RM4 752 = RM396
12
8. (a) Jumlah simpanan tetap dalam 4 bulan (iv) Encik Teoh boleh menambah pendapatan
Total monthly fixed deposits in 4 months dengan bekerja lebih masa.
= RM800 × 4 bulan / months = RM3 200 Mr. Teoh can increase his income by working
overtime.
Vincent dapat mencapai matlamat kewangan
kerana dia mempunyai lebihan sebanyak
RM1 200 (RM3 200 – RM2 000).
Vincent is able to achieve his financial goal because
he has a surplus of RM1 200 (RM3 200 – RM2 000).

(v) Ya / Yes
Menyimpan RM47 520 dalam masa 10 tahun untuk menampung yuran pengajian anak-
S anaknya.
Save RM47 520 in 10 years to cover his children’s education fee.
Menyimpan RM396 setiap bulan untuk mencapai matlamat.

M
Save RM396 per month to achieve the goal.
Boleh menyimpan RM396 sebulan daripada pendapatan bulanannya sebanyak RM3 300.
A
Can save RM396 a month from his monthly income of of RM3 300.
RM396 ialah 12% dari jumlah pendapatannya sebanyak RM3 300.

R
RM396 is 12% of the total income of RM3 300.
10 tahun cukup untuk menyimpan RM47 520 dengan simpanan bulanan RM396.
T
10 years are enough to save RM47 520 with monthly savings of RM396.
(vi) Kenaikan gaji dan penerimaan pendapatan pasif membolehkan lebih banyak simpanan tetap bulanan
dibuat dan Encik Teoh dapat mengumpul jumlah wang yang diperlukan dalam masa kurang daripada
10 tahun kerana perbelanjaan tetap dan perbelanjaan tidak tetap masih sama.
The salary increase and passive income allows more monthly fixed deposits to be made and Mr. Teoh is able to raise
the required amount of money in less than 10 years as fixed expenses and variable expenses are still the same.
10. (a) (i) Simpanan tahunan / Annual savings

= RM48 000
4 tahun / years
= RM12 000
Simpanan bulanan / Monthly savings

= RM12 000
12 bulan / months
= RM1 000
(ii) Ya. Simpanan Encik Firdaus sebanyak RM1 000 sebulan dapat membantunya menyimpan
RM48 000 dalam masa 4 tahun untuk mencapai matlamat kewangan jangka panjang.
Yes. Encik Firdaus’ savings of RM1 000 a month can help him save RM48 000 in 4 years to achieve his long-term
financial goal.
(iii) Tidak. Walaupun Encik Firdaus boleh membayar wang pendahuluan sebanyak RM48 000 namun
ansuran bulanan pangsapuri akan membebankannya kerana jumlah perbelanjaan yang lebih tinggi.
No. Although Encik Firdaus can pay the down payment of RM48 000, the monthly instalment of the apartment will
burden him due to the higher amount of expenses.

Simpanan bulanan yang perlu disimpan

Praktis SPM 10 Monthly savings that needs to save
= RM12 000 ÷ 12 bulan/ months
Kertas 1 = RM1 000
1. 5 langkah proses pengurusan kewangan Tambahan simpanan yang diperlukan

5 steps involved Additional savings needed

a Menetapkan matlamat kewangan = RM1 000 – RM920
Setting financial goals = RM80

b Menilai kedudukan kewangan
Evaluating financial status

c Mewujudkan pelan kewangan
Creating financial plan
Kertas 2

d Melaksanakan pelan kewangan
Carrying out financial plan 1. (a) Aliran tunai / Cash flow

e Mengkaji semula dan menyemak kemajuan = Jumlah pendapatan – Jumlah perbelanjaan
Reviewing and revising the progress Total income Total expenses
Jawapan / Answer : A = RM2800 + RM600 − RM1500 − RM700
= RM1 200
2. S – Khusus / Specific (b) Aliran tunai / Cash flow
M – Boleh diukur / Measurable = RM2 800 − RM1 500 − RM700 − RM700
A – Boleh dicapai / Attainable = −RM100
R – Boleh jadi kenyataan / Realistic
Aliran tunai Encik Aiman akan berubah
T – Tempoh masa / Time-bound daripada positif kepada negatif.
Jawapan / Answer : C Encikr Aiman’s cash flow will change from positive to
negative
3. Pendapatan aktif / Active income

2. (a) x = RM2 460 − RM850 − RM1 050
= RM8 000
= RM560
Pendapatan pasif / Passive income (b) Encik Ismail mengalami pendapatan lebihan
= 15% × RM8 000 kerana nilai x adalah positif.
= RM1 200 Encik Ismail has surplus income because the value of
x is positive.
Simpanan tetap bulanan / Fixed monthly savings
= 10% × (RM8 000 + RM1 200)
= 0.1 × RM9 200
= RM920
Untuk pendidikan anak-anak
For children’s education
Simpanan tahunan / Annual savings
= RM216 000 ÷ 18 tahun/years
= RM12 000

Sudut KBAT
Simpanan tetap bulanan / Fixed monthly savings
= 10% × RM2 500
= RM250
Pelan kewangan
Pendapatan dan Perbelanjaan / Income and Expenditure Financial Plan
(RM)
Pendapatan bersih / Net income
Gaji bersih / Net salary 2 500
Pendapatan pasif / Passive income 0
Jumlah pendapatan bulanan 2 500
Total monthly income
Tolak simpanan tetap bulanan / Minus fixed monthly savings 250

(10% daripada pendapatan bulanan / 10% of the monthly income)
Tolak simpanan untuk dana kecemasan 150
Minus savings for emergency fund
Baki pendapatan / Income balance 2 100

Tolak perbelanjaan tetap bulanan / Minus monthly fixed expenses
Sewa rumah / House rent 300
Insurans / Insurance 100
Ansuran motosikal / Motorcycle loan 450
Jumlah perbelanjaan tetap bulanan / Total monthly fixed expenses 850
Tolak perbelanjaan tidak tetap bulanan
Minus monthly variable expenses
Utiliti rumah / House utilities 110
Makanan / Foods 700
Hiburan / Entertainment 250
Gas dan petrol / Gas and petrol 90
Barangan rumah / Household items 100
Jumlah perbelanjaan tidak tetap bulanan
1 250
Total monthly variable expenses
Pendapatan lebihan
0
Surplus of income

1. Saham syarikat / Company shares

2. pendapatan aktif / active income
3. S Pergi bercuti ke Pulau Sibu.

Go to Pulau Sibu for holiday.
M Menyimpan RM210 setiap bulan untuk mencapai matlamat.

Save RM210 every month to achieve the goal.
A Boleh menyimpan RM210 sebulan daripada pendapatan bulanannya sebanyak RM3 000.
Can save RM210 per month from her monthly income of RM3 000.
R RM210 ialah 7% dari jumlah pendapatannya sebanyak RM3 000.

RM210 is 7% of her total income of RM3 000.
T Enam bulan cukup untuk menyimpan RM1 250 dengan simpanan bulanan RM210.
Six months are enough to save RM1 250 with monthly savings of RM210.
4. S Membeli telefon bimbit berharga RM850.

Buy a smartphone worth RM850.
M Menyimpan RM300 setiap bulan untuk mencapai matlamat.

Save RM300 every month to achieve the goal.
A Boleh menyimpan RM300 sebulan daripada pendapatan bulanannya sebanyak RM5 000.
Can save RM300 per month from his monthly income of RM5 000.
R RM300 ialah 6% dari jumlah pendapatannya sebanyak RM5 000.

RM300 is 6% of his total income of RM5 000.
T Tiga bulan cukup untuk menyimpan RM850 dengan simpanan bulanan RM300.
Three months are enough to save RM850 with monthly savings of RM300.
5. Jumlah pendapatan – Jumlah perbelanjaan

= (RM2 750 + RM450) – (RM1 740 + RM1 275)
= RM185 (Aliran tunai positif / Positive cash flow)
Aliran tunai Encik Radzif positif dan mempunyai lebihan tunai sebanyak RM185.
Encik Radzif’s cash flow is positive and he has a cash surplus of RM185.
6. 10% × RM6 546

= RM654.60
Jumlah simpanan tetap Puan Erna ialah RM654.60.
Puan Erna’s total fixed savings is RM654.60.
7. RM3 552 ÷ 6
= RM592
Halim perlu menyimpan RM592 sebulan selama enam bulan.
Halim needs to save RM592 per month for six months.
8. Jumlah pendapatan – Jumlah perbelanjaan

= RM3 444 − RM469 − RM550 − RM1 980
= RM445
Mahen masih mempunyai pendapatan lebihan sebanyak RM445. Rumah kedua sebagai pelaburan dilihat
tidak sesuai kerana Mahen masih tidak mempunyai simpanan tetap dan simpanan kecemasan.
Mahen still has surplus of income of RM445. A second home as an investment is not suitable as Mahen still does not have fixed savings and
emergency funds.

9. (a) Jumlah pendapatan – Jumlah perbelanjaan
= RM2 879 – RM878 – RM2 170
= –RM169
Aliran tunai negatif / Negative cash flow
(b) Tidak. Simpanan tetap Aini kurang dari 10% dari jumlah pendapatan.
No. Aini’s fixed saving is less than 10% of her total income.
(c) Mendapatkan pendapatan pasif dan kurangkan belanja untuk melancong setiap bulan.
To have a passive income and decrease her expense for travelling monthly.
10. Pendapatan dan Perbelanjaan RM

Income and Expenditure
Jumlah pendapatan bulanan / Total monthly income 7 980
Tolak dana kecemasan / Minus emergency funds 1 000
Ansuran pinjaman kereta / Car loan instalment 1 440
Premium insurans / Insurance premium 270
Pelaburan / Investment 1 000
Jumlah perbelanjaan tetap bulanan / Total monthly fixed expenses 3 460
Tolak perbelanjaan tidak tetap bulanan / Minus monthly variable expenses
Perbelanjaan dapur / Groceries 600
Bil utiliti / Utility bills 350
Belanja petrol / Petrol expenses 250
Hobi / Hobby 300
Pemberian kepada ibu bapa / Allowance for parents 200
Jumlah perbelanjaan tidak tetap bulanan / Total monthly variable expenses 1 700
Pendapatan lebihan / Surplus of income 1 070

Jawapan
Kertas PRA S P M
KERTAS 1 Julat antara kuartil / Interquartile range

= 0.90 − 0.56

1. A: Hartanah mempunyai tahap risiko yang rendah
= 0.34

dan tahap pulangan yang tinggi.
Real estate has a low risk level and a high return Jawapan / Answer : B
level.
B: Simpanan adalah bebas risiko dan mempunyai
tahap pulangan yang rendah. 4. Bagi suatu graf fungsi kuadratik, jika a  0 dan
Saving is risk-free and has a low return level. b  0, maka paksi simetri terletak di sebelah kiri
C: Unit amanah mempunyai tahap risiko yang paksi-y.
rendah dan tahap pulangan yang sederhana. For the graph of a quadratic function, if a  0 and b  0,
Unit trust has a low risk level and a moderate return then the axis of symmetry lies to the left of the y-axis.
level.
D: Saham syarikat mempunyai tahap risiko dan Jawapan / Answer : C
tahap pulangan yang tinggi.
Company shares have a high-risk level and return
level. 5. Katakan x mewakili bilangan manik yang berwarna
biru,
Let x represent the number of blue beads,
P(memilih manik berwarna merah)
2. Jumlah perbelanjaan / Total expenses P(select a red bead)
= Jumlah pendapatan – Aliran tunai = 1
= (RM4 000 + RM1 200) – RM2 200 4
= RM3 000 1 = 10

Perbelanjaan tidak tetap / Variable expenses 4 10 + 12 + x
1 = 10
= 2 × RM3 000
4 22 + x
5
= RM1 200 22 + x = 40
x = 18
Jumlah bilangan manik yang berwarna kuning dan
3. Data dalam tertib menaik: biru
Data in ascending order: Total number of yellow and blue beads
0.12, 0.55, 0.57, 0.67, 0.78, 0.84, 0.96, 0.97 = 12 + 18
= 30
Q1 = 0.55 − 0.57
2 Jawapan / Answer : C
= 0.56
Q3 = 0.84 − 0.96
2
= 0.90

6. 11. x(y − 2x) + (3x − y)2

Jika a dan b ialah nombor genap, maka hasil
= xy − 2x2 + (3x − y)(3x− y)
tambah a dan b ialah nombor genap.
If a and b are even numbers, then the sum of a and b is = xy − 2x2 + 9x2 − 6xy + y2
an even number. = 7x2 − 5xy + y2
Kontrapositif / Contrapositive:
Jika hasil tambah a dan b bukan nombor genap, 12. 5x = 4
3 – 
y
maka a dan b bukan nombor genap.
If the sum of a and b is not an even number, then a and b
5x = 43 − 
y 
are not even numbers. 5x = 12 − 4y
Jawapan / Answer : D 4y = 12 – 5x
y = 12 – 5x

7. Laju kereta sejam yang pertama 4
Speed of the car in the first hour
= Laju kereta 2 jam yang pertama

y = 12 – 5x
4 
y =  12 – 5x 
Speed of the car in the first 2 hours 2

= 160 − 0 4
2–0 Jawapan / Answer : B
= 80 km
13. px + y = 8
Apabila / When x = 4, y = 2:
8. Bilangan tepi / Number of edges = 6 p(4) + 2 = 8
4p + 2 = 8
Jumlah darjah / Sum of degrees = 2 × 6
4p = 6
= 12
p = 3
Jawapan / Answer : D 2
5x + qy = 14
9. A: y = x + 1
Apabila / When x = 4, y = 2:
–4 = –1 + 1 5(4) + 2q = 14
–4 ≠ 0 ý 20 + 2q = 14
B: y = 3x + 5 2q = −6
–4 = 3(–1) + 5 q = –3
–4 ≠ 2 ý Jawapan / Answer : A
C: y = x2 – 5
–4 = (–1)2 – 5 14. ξ = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15}
–4 = –4  M = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14}
D: y = –2x3 + 7 N = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13}
M  N = {2}
–4 = –2(–1)3 + 7
(M  N) = {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
–4 ≠ 9 ý
15}
10. Bagi garis 2y = −x + 6: 15. Bilangan subset / Number of subsets
For the straight line 2y = −x + 6: = 2n
y = − 1 x + 3
= 2 7
2 = 128
• Pintasan-y / y-intercept: c = 3
• Kecerunan / Gradient, m = − 1
2 16. Pulangan atas pelaburan bagi hartanah ialah sewa.
• Pintasan-x / x-intercept = 6
The return on investment for real estate is rental.

17. 4 + 5 + 7 + 8 + x + 6 = 6 21. Premis 1 / Premise 1:

6 Semua objek berbentuk sfera mempunyai satu
30 + x = 6
permukaan melengkung.
6
All spherical objects have one curved surface.
30 + x = 36
x = 6 Premis 2 / Premise 2:
Kesimpulan / Conclusion:
18. 6 − p = 3(1 − 4p) Premis 2 / Premise 2
6 − p = 3 − 12p Bola sepak ialah objek berbentuk sfera.
A football is a spherical object.
−p + 12p = 3 − 6
Kesimpulan / Conclusion:
11p = −3
Bola sepak mempunyai satu permukaan melengkung.
p = 3 A football has a curved surface.
11
Jawapan / Answer : B Jawapan / Answer : A

22. tan 40° = JK

19. 1 (v + 18)(12) + (18)(3) + 1 (10)(18) = 384 KL
2 2
6(v + 18) + 54 + 90 = 384 tan 40° = 15
KL
6(v + 18) + 144 = 384 15
KL =
6(v + 18) = 240 tan 40°
v + 18 = 40 = 17.88 m
v = 22 KM = KL × 2
Jawapan / Answer : A = 17.88 × 2
20. A: n = 
5 − 4n = 35.76 m
n2 = 5 − 4n tan ∠JMK =15
n2 + 4n − 5 = 0 35.76
(n − 1)(n + 5) = 0 = 0.4195
∠JMK = tan−1 0.4195
\ n = 1, n = −5
= 22°45
B: 2w2 − 5 = 3w(w + 2)
2w2 − 5 = 3w2 + 6w Jawapan / Answer : A
w + 6w + 5 = 0
2
23. 50 × 360° = 75°
(w + 1)(w + 5) = 0 40 + 50 + 80 + x
50 × 360° = 75°
\ w = −1, w = −5
170 + x
C: 1 = p 50 = 360°
5
p–4 170 + x 75°
5 = p(p − 4) 50 = 5
p2 − 4p = 5 170 + x 24
p2 − 4p − 5 = 0 5(170 + x) = 1 200
(p − 5)(p + 1) = 0 170 + x = 240
\ p = 5, p = −1 x = 70
(m + 1)2 Sudut sektor yang mewakili bilangan murid yang
D:
= 4 menyertai Kelab Sains
2m – 1
Angle of the sector that represents the number of students
(m + 1)2 = 4(2m − 1)
in the Science Club
(m + 1)(m + 1) = 8m − 4
= 70 × 360°
m2 + 2m + 1 = 8m − 4
40 + 50 + 80 + 70
m2 − 6m + 5 = 0
(m − 5)(m − 1) = 0 = 70 × 360°
240
\ m = 5, m = 1 = 105°
Jawapan / Answer : D Jawapan / Answer : C

24.
Bilangan pelanggan yang membeli kedua-dua • Rantau berlorek terletak di bahagian kiri garis
kentang goreng dan burger ayam lurus x = 6 yang dilukis dengan garis sempang,
Number of customers who bought both fries and chicken maka x  6.
burgers The shaded region lies to the left of the straight line x = 6
= 32 − 18 that is drawn with a dashed line, so x  6.
= 14
Ketaksamaan linear yang memuaskan rantau
Jumlah pelanggan yang membeli makanan segera berlorek ialah:
di restoran tersebut pada petang itu The linear inequalities that satisfy the shaded region are:
Total customers who bought fast food at the restaurant
y  x + 3, y  2x, x  6.
that evening
= 16 + 14 + 18 Jawapan / Answer : C
= 48 29. Harga rumah itu selepas setahun
Jawapan / Answer : C Price of the house after one year
= (100 + 5)% × RM320 000
25. Jumlah darjah / Sum of degrees:
= 105% × RM320 000
A: 2 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 1 = 9
B: 2 + 1 + 3 + 2 + 2 = 10 = 1.05 × RM320 000
C: 3 + 2 + 1 + 3 + 2 = 11 = RM336 000
D: 1 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 3 = 13 = RM3.36 × 105
Graf boleh dilukis jika jumlah darjah adalah genap. Jawapan / Answer : D
Sebaliknya, graf tidak boleh dilukis jika jumlah
30. (2−4) 2 × 16 × 81 4 
1 1 3
darjah adalah ganjil.

The graph can be drawn if the number of degrees is even. = 2−2 × (24 × 3)3
On the other hand, the graph cannot be drawn if the = 2−2 × 212 × 33
number of degrees is odd. = 1 × 4 096 × 27
Jawapan / Answer : B 4
= 27 648
26. Pekali bagi q2
Coefficient for q2 Jawapan / Answer : C
= – 9 pr
2 31. y = 180° − 120°
2
Jawapan / Answer : C 60°
=
3 2
27. 5 4 = p
5q = 30°
q
= 5p Jumlah sudut pedalaman heksagon
Sum of the interior angles of a hexagon
= (6 − 2) × 180°
28. Tiga garis lurus yang terlibat ialah: = 4 × 180°
The three straight lines involved are: = 720°
y = x + 3, y = 2x, x = 6.
120° + (30° + 80°) + 2x + 2x + 110°
• Rantau berlorek terletak di bahagian atas garis + (90° + 30°) = 720°
lurus y = x + 3 yang dilukis dengan garis padu, 120° + 110° + 2x + 2x + 110° + 120° = 720°
maka y  x + 3. 4x + 460° = 720°
The shaded region lies above the straight line y = x + 3
that is drawn with a solid line, so y  x + 3.
4x = 260°
• Rantau berlorek terletak di bahagian bawah garis x = 65°
lurus y = 2x yang dilukis dengan garis padu, maka
x + y = 65° + 30°
y  2x. = 95°
The shaded region lies below the straight line y = 2x that
is drawn with a solid line, so y  2x.

36. y
32. 6(6 + 4) = 6 + 6(4)

3 4
9
8
Nilai tempat
64 63 62 61 60 7 Q
Place value 6
Nombor P
5
1 0 0 4 0
Number 4 90°
3
Jawapan / Answer : D 2
1
33. 1 3
x
0
1 2 2 03 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
– 1 0 13 Putaran 90° ikut arah jam pada pusat (2, 3).

1 1 1 23 A rotation of 90° clockwise about centre (2, 3).
37. tan θ = sin θ
kos /cos θ
34. Katakan R = rosak dan Rʹ = tidak rosak
Let R = damaged and Rʹ = not damaged = 0.5
0.8
Mentol 1 Mentol 2 = 0.625
Bulb 1 Bulb 2
3 Jawapan / Answer : B
19 J (R, R)
3
19 R 38. 6 + w  5
16 Rʹ (R, Rʹ)
3
19 w  −1
19 R (Rʹ, R)
16 2w – 6  −w
Rʹ
19 16 Rʹ (Rʹ, Rʹ) 2w + w  6
19
3w  6
P(sekurang-kurangnya sebiji mentol mengalami w  2
kerosakan)
P(at least one bulb is damaged) Maka / Therefore, −1  w  2
= P(R, R) + P(R, Rʹ) + P(Rʹ, R) Semua integer w yang memuaskan kedua-

19 19 19 19  
= 3 × 3 + 3 × 16 + 16 × 3
19 19    dua ketaksamaan linear serentak 6 + w  5 dan
2w – 6  −w ialah –1, 0, 1 dan 2.
All integers of w that satisfy the linear inequalities
= 9 + 48 + 48 6 + w  5 and 2w – 6  −w are –1, 0, 1 and 2.
361 361 361
= 105
361
Jawapan / Answer : D 39. Sukatan serakan yang paling sesuai digunakan
untuk membuat pemilihan tersebut ialah
sisihan piawai. Sisihan piawai yang lebih rendah
35. 5m = 4mn − 3n menunjukkan pencapaian yang lebih konsisten.
4mn − 3n = (5m)2 The most appropriate measure of dispersion to use to make
n(4m − 3) = 25m2 the selection is the standard deviation. A smaller standard
deviation indicates more consistent achievement.
n = 25m
2

4m − 3

40. Jumlah pendapatan / Total income (b) Bilangan tepi / Number of edges = 9
= Pendapatan aktif + Pendapatan pasif
Active income + Passive income
= RM5 000 + RM700
= RM5 700
Jumlah simpanan tetap bulanan
Total monthly fixed savings
= 10% × RM5 000 [Sebarang jawapan yang betul adalah diterima.]
= RM500 [Any correct answer is accepted.]
Jumlah simpanan / Total savings

3. Katakan x ialah amaun bil air dan y ialah amaun bil
= Jumlah simpanan tetap bulanan + Jumlah
elektrik.
simpanan untuk dana kecemasan
Let x be the water bill and y the electricity bill.

Total monthly fixed savings + Total savings for
emergency fund
x + y = 73 ..........a
= RM500 + RM480
y – x = 37 ..........b
= RM980 Daripada / From a:
Baki pendapatan selepas menolak jumlah simpanan y = 73 – x ..........c
Balance of the income after deducting total savings
Gantikan c ke dalam b:
= Jumlah pendapatan – Jumlah simpanan
Substitute c into b:
Total income – Total savings
73 – x – x = 37
= RM5 700 − RM980
–2x = –36
= RM4 720
x = 18
Jawapan / Answer : A Apabila / When x = 18,
y = 73 − 18
y = 55
KERTAS 2 Maka, bil air dan elektrik yang perlu dibayar oleh
Bahagian A / Section A Encik Rosli masing-masing berjumlah RM18 dan
RM55.
1. m × 3 − 4 = n Therefore, the water and electricity bills Encik Rosli needs
to pay are RM18 and RM55 respectively.
3m − 4 = m
3m = n + 4
n+4
m = 4. Isi padu bagi pepejal yang tinggal / Volume of the
3
remaining solid
2. (a) Bilangan bucu / Number of vertices = 6 1 2
= πj 2t − πj t
3
=  227 (8.75) (10.5) − 13  227 (8.75) (7)
2 2
9 11
= 2 526 − 561
16 24
5
= 1 965
[Sebarang jawapan yang betul adalah diterima.] 48
[Any correct answer is accepted.] = 1 965.10 cm3

5. (a) x
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
(‘000)
U(x)
–36 –16 0 12 20 24 24 20 12 0
(RM’000)
Jadual 1 / Table 1
(b) 2 cm
30
2 cm
U(x) = –0.5x2 + 11x – 36
20
10
x (’000)
U(x) (RM’000)
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
–10
–20
–30
–40
6. (a) (i) A (ii) A
B B
C C
(b) (i) 23 – 15 = 8
(ii) 25 – 8 = 17
(iii) 60 – 15 – 8 – 17 ξ
B A = {kilang yang menggunakan pengetinan}
= 20 A
{factories that use canning}
17
15 8
B = {kilang yang menggunakan pembotolan}
{factories that use bottling}
20

7. (a) Diameter / Diameter = 35 m 10. (a) Jumlah pendapatan / Total income

Jejari / Radius = 17.5 m = Pendapatan aktif + Pendapatan pasif
Active income + Passive income
Lilitan / Circumference = 2πj = RM2 400 + RM590
22 = RM2 990
=2× × 17.5
7
= 110 m Jumlah perbelanjaan / Total expenses
840 = Perbelanjaan tetap + Perbelanjaan tidak tetap
Bilangan pusingan yang diperlukan = Fixed expenses + Variable expenses
Number of revolutions required 110
7 = RM1 800 + RM1 640
=7 = RM3 440
11
Bilangan minimum / Minimum number = 8 Aliran tunai / Cash flow
= Jumlah pendapatan – Jumlah perbelanjaan
(b) Sudut sektor major/ Angle of the major sector Total income – Total expenses
5
= × 360° = RM2 990 – RM3 440
6
=300° = –RM450
Luas sektor minor/ Area of the minor sector (b)

Aliran tunai negatif akan membebankan
Encik Chong dan mungkin menyebabkan dia
300° 22
= × × 17.52 menggunakan kemudahan kad kredit bagi
360° 7
= 802.08 m2 mengatasi masalah kewangan.
A negative cash flow will burden Mr. Chong and may
encourage him to use his credit card to overcome his
financial difficulties.
1
8. (5x − 4)(7x + 1) = 775
2 Bahagian B / Section B
(5x − 4)(7x + 1) = 1 550
11. (a) Harga telefon bimbit dalam asas sepuluh bagi
35x2 + 5x − 28x − 4 =1 550
keempat-empat jenis jenama sebelum diskaun:
35x2 − 23x − 1554 = 0 Prices of mobile phones in base ten for all four types
(x − 7)(35x + 222) = 0 of brands before discount:
222 A = 102526

x = 7, x = − (ditolak / rejected)
35 = 1 × 64 + 0 × 63 + 2 × 62 + 5 × 61 + 2 × 60
Maka/Therefore, x = 7 = 1 296 + 0 + 72 + 30 +2
= 1 400
B = 52527
9. (a) x = 4
= 5 × 73 + 2 × 72 + 5 × 71 + 2 × 70
8–5 3 1 = 1 715 + 98 + 35 + 2
(b) Kecerunan / Gradient, m = = = = 1 850
4+2 6 2
Persamaan garis lurus yang melalui (4, 8) C = 17269
1
dengan kecerunan : = 1 × 93 + 7 × 92 + 2 × 91 + 6 × 90
2
Equation of the straight line passing through (4, 8) = 729 + 567 + 18 + 6
1 = 1 320
with gradient :
2
y = mx + c D = 2130104
1 = 2 × 45 + 1 × 44 + 3 × 43 + 0 × 42 + 1 × 41 +
8 = (4) + c
2 0 × 40
8=2+c = 2 048 + 256 + 192 + 0 + 4 + 0
c = 6 = 2 500
Maka, persamaan yang dikehendaki ialah: Maka, sebelum diskaun, telefon bimbit bagi
Therefore, the required equation is: jenama D adalah paling mahal.
1 Therefore, before discount, the mobile phone of
y = x+6
2 brand D is the most expensive.

(b) Wang yang dimiliki oleh Diana 12. (a) Benar / True
Money owned by Diana
= 25068 (b) Jika 3 650 000 = 3.65 × 10q, maka q = 6.
If 3 650 000 = 3.65 × 10q, then q = 6.
= 2 × 83 + 5 × 82 + 0 × 81 + 6 × 80
= 1 024 + 320 + 0 + 6 (c) Songsangan: Jika PQR bukan imej bagi
= 1 350 PQR di bawah suatu pantulan,
Harga telefon bimbit dalam asas sepuluh maka PQR dan PQR tidak
selepas diskaun: mempunyai bentuk dan saiz
Prices of mobile phone in base ten after discount: yang sama.
A = 203345 Inverse: If PQR is not the image of PQR
= 2 × 54 + 0 × 53 + 3 × 52 + 3 × 51 + 4 × 50 under a reflection, then PQR and
P QRdo not have the same shape
= 1 250 + 0 + 75 + 15 + 4 and size.
= 1 344
Kontrapositif: Jika PQR dan PQR tidak
B = 32468 mempunyai bentuk dan saiz
= 3 × 83 + 2 × 82 + 4 × 81 + 6 × 80 yang sama, maka PQR bukan
= 1 536 + 128 + 32 + 6 imej bagi PQR di bawah suatu
= 1 702 pantulan.
Contrapositive: If PQR and PQR do not have the
C = 54506 same shape and size, then PQR
= 5 × 63 + 4 × 62 + 5 × 61 + 0 × 60 is not the image of PQR under a
= 1 080 + 144 + 30 + 0 reflection.
= 1 254
(d) Kesimpulan: x2 – 3x + 7 mempunyai satu
D = 100120103 pemboleh ubah sahaja dengan
= 1 × 37 + 0 × 36 + 0 × 35 + 1 × 34 + 2 × 33 + kuasa tertinggi ialah 2.
0 × 32 + 1 × 31 + 0 × 30 Conclusion: x2 – 3x + 7 has only one variable with
= 2 187 + 0 + 0 + 81 + 54 + 0 + 3 + 0 the highest power 2.
= 2 325 4 3
(e) Isi padu sfera / Volume of sphere = πj
Diskaun bagi setiap jenama: 3
Discount given for each brand: 4
= π(5)3
1 400 – 1 344 3
p = × 100%
1 400 500
= π cm3
= 4% 3
1 850 – 1 702 (f) Kesimpulan / Conclusion: 5n – 4; n = 1, 2, 3, ...
q = × 00%
1 850
= 8%
1 320 – 1 254
=
r × 100%
1 320
= 5%
2 500 – 2 325
s = × 100%
2 500
= 7%
Berdasarkan wang yang dimiliki oleh Diana,
dia boleh memilih telefon bimbit berjenama
A atau C. Dia patut membeli telefon bimbit
berjenama C kerana paling murah dan
mempunyai diskaun yang lebih tinggi.
Based on the amount of money Diana has, she can
choose to the mobile phone of brand A or C. She
should buy mobile phone brand C because it is the
cheapest and has a higher discount.

13. (a) x + y  96 atau / or y  96 – x

y  0.6x
(b) y = 96 – x y = 0.6x
x 0 96 x 0 100
y 96 0 y 0 60
y
2 cm
100
2 cm
90
80
y = 96 – x
70
60
50
y = 0.6x
40
36
30
20
10
0 x
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

(c) Bilangan maksimum telur goreng = 60 Bilangan maksimum telur rebus = 36
Minimum number of fried eggs Maximum number of boiled eggs
(d) Titik di mana x = 50 dan y = 20 berada di luar rantau berlorek.

The point where x = 50 and y = 20 lies outside the shaded region.

(0 × 5) + (1 × 10) + (2 × 13) + (3 × p) + (4 × 15) + (5 × 14) 47

14. (a) = p
5 + 10 + 13 + p + 15 + 14 368
0 + 10 + 26 + 3p + 60 + 70 47p
=
57 + p 368
166 + 3p 47p
=
57 + p 368
368(166 + 3p) = 47p(57 + p)
61 088 + 1 104p = 2 679p + 47p2
47p2 + 1 575p − 61 088 = 0
(p − 23)(47p + 2 656) = 0
2 656
p = 23, p = (ditolak / rejected)
47
Maka / Therefore, p = 23
(b)
x f fx x2 fx2
0 5 0 0 0
1 10 10 1 10
2 13 26 4 52
3 23 69 9 207
4 15 60 16 240
5 14 70 25 350
Σf = 80 Σfx = 235 Σfx = 859
2
Σfx 2 –2
Varians / Variance, σ2 = – x
Σf
859 235
 
2
= –
80 80
= 2.1086
Sisihan piawai / Standard deviation, σ = 

2.1086
= 1.4521

(a) Jarak / Distance (km)

y
2 cm
300
2 cm
Kuala 240
Kangsar
200
100
Sabak 96
Bernam
Klang x
1000 1100 1145 1200 1300 1400
Waktu (sistem 24 jam)
Time (24-hours system)
(b) Tempoh masa = 15 minit

Duration = 15 minutes
(c) (i) Laju / Speed

(96 − 0) km (96 − 0) km
= /
105

60
j  
105 h
60 
96 km
= / 96 km
1.75 j 1.75 h
= 54.86 km j−1 / 54.86 km h−1
(ii) Laju purata / Average speed
240 km 240 km
= /
4j 4h
= 60 km j−1 / 60 km h−1

Bahagian C / Section C (c) (i) P(membeli kedua-dua pakaian seragam

sekolah dan novel yang baharu)
16. (a) Katakan x ialah jumlah wang yang dimiliki P(buys both new school uniform and novel)
oleh ayah Nafia, = 0.48 × 0.67
Let x be the amount of money owned by Nafia’s
father, = 0.3216
1 1 (ii) P(hanya membeli salah satu item)
1−  8800 +
10 
x = 962.50 P(only buys one of the items)
7 1 = (0.48 × 0.33) + (0.67 × 0.52)

8800 +
10 
x = 962.50 = 0.1584 + 0.3484
1 = 0.5068
800 + x = 1 100
10
1 (d) Katakan x ialah bilangan guli yang berwarna
x = 300 kuning,
10
x = 3 000 Let x be the number of marbles that are yellow,
2 10
Jumlah wang ayah Nafia ialah RM3 000. =
5 10 + x
Nafia’s father had RM3 000.
2(10 + x) = 50
10 + x = 25
(b) (i) Memilih faedah A
Choosing interest A: x = 15
Faedah / Interest I P(memilih sebiji guli yang berwarna biru)
= Prt P(choosing a blue marble)
5 10
= (40%×RM962.50) × ×4 =
100 10 + 15 + 20
5
= RM385 × ×4 10
100 =
45
= RM77
2
=
Memilih faedah B 9
Choosing interest B:
r
 
nt
MV = 1 + n 17. (a) 2x2 + 3x + 7 + x + 2x − 1 = 4x2 − 2x + 12
2x2 + 6x + 6 = 4x2 − 2x + 12
0.05
 
(3)(4)
= RM385 1 + 2x2 − 8x + 6 = 0
3
x2 − 4x + 3 = 0
= RM469.47 (x − 3)(x − 1) = 0
Jumlah faedah yang terkumpul x = 3 atau/or x = 1
Total interest accumulated (ditolak / rejected)
= RM469.47 – RM385 Apabila / When x = 3:
= RM84.47 4x2 – 2x + 12
= 4(3)2 – 2(3) + 12
(ii) Faedah B. Simpanan dengan faedah = 42
kompaun membawa pulangan yang lebih Apabila / When x = 1:
tinggi berbanding dengan faedah mudah. 4x2 – 2x + 12
Interest B. Savings on compound interest gives
higher returns compared to simple interest. = 2(1)2 – 2(1) + 12
= 14
Oleh sebab jumlah murid dalam kelas itu tidak
kurang daripada 40, maka x = 3.
Sine the number of students in the class is not less
than 40, therefore x = 3.

Jumlah jarak Total distance

(b) Laju purata = / Average speed =
Jumlah masa Total time
7.5 km
Laju purata bagi kereta yang dipandu oleh ibu Mei Ling = 7.5 km /
Average speed of the car driven by Mei Ling’s mother 10
60
j
10
 
60
h  
= 45 km j−1 / 45 km h−1
7 km
Laju purata bagi motosikal yang ditunggang oleh bapa Rita = 7 km /
Average speed of the motorcycle ridden by Rita’s father 25
60
j
25
 
60
h  
= 16.8 km j / 16.8 km h−1
−1
4 km
Laju purata bagi basikal yang ditunggang oleh Aiman = 4 km /
Average speed of the bicycle ridden by Aiman 30
60
j
30
 
60
h  
= 8 km j−1 / 8 km h−1
Jenis kenderaan yang boleh dijadikan sebagai cadangan kepada murid-murid di SMK Bukit Rendah ialah
kereta kerana mempunyai kelajuan yang paling tinggi berbanding dengan motosikal dan basikal.
The type of vehicle that can be recommended to the students of SMK Bukit Rendah is the car because it has the highest
speed compared to the motorcycle and bicycle.
[Sebarang jawapan lain yang munasabah juga diterima.]
[Any reasonable answer is accepted.]
(c) (i) Bilangan murid yang menaiki bas ke sekolah (iii) Min / Mean
Number of students who take the bus to school
= 3x (60 × 3) + (70 × 4) + (80 × 1) + (90 × 1)
=
= 3(3) 3+4+1+1
=9 180 + 280 + 80 + 90
=
9
3 + 4y + 1 + 2 – y = 9 630
3y + 6 = 9 =
9
3y = 3
= 70
y = 1
(ii) Mod = RM70
(d) Jarak dari pejabat pos ke SMK Bukit Rendah

Distance from post office to SMK Bukit Rendah
= 
5102 − 2402
= 
260 100 − 57 600
= 202 500
= 450 m
Jarak dari rumah Kumar ke SMK Bukit Rendah jika melalui pejabat pos
Distance from Kumar’s house to SMK Bukit Rendah via the post office
= 240 + 450
= 690 m
Jarak dari rumah Kumar ke SMK Bukit Rendah tanpa melalui laluan terus
Distance from Kumar’s house to SMK Bukit Rendah via the direct route
= 510 m
Maka, keputusan yang dibuat adalah bijak kerana melibatkan jarak yang lebih dekat dan dapat menjimatkan
masa.
Therefore, the decision made is a wise one because it involves a shorter distance and will save time.

Jawapan
Lembaran PBD
Bab 1: FUNGSI DAN PERSAMAAN (b) x2 – 4x + 1 = 2x + 8
KUADRATIK DALAM SATU x – 4x – 2x + 1 – 8 = 0
2
PEMBOLEH UBAH x2 – 6x – 7 = 0
Chapter 1: QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS AND
EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE
5. (a) Luas trapezium = 40 cm2
1. (a) a = 14, b = 0, c = –5 Area of trapezium
1
(b) 9 – 4k2 + 18k × [(x + 1) + (3x – 1)] × (x – 1) = 40
2
= –4k2 + 18k + 9 1
× (4x)(x – 1) = 0
a = –4, b = 18, c = 9 2
2x2 – 2x – 40 = 0
(c) 3 – 5y (y – 3) x2 – x – 20 = 0
= 3 – 5y2 + 15y (x – 5)(x + 4) = 0
= –5y2 + 15y + 3 x = 5, –4
a = –5, b = 15, c = 3 ∴ x = 5
2. (a) a = –2 , 0 Tinggi trapezium

Bentuk graf ialah Height of trapezium
The shape of graph is =5–1
= 4 cm
1
(b) a = .0 (b) Isi padu kuboid / Volume of cuboid = 252 cm3
2
Bentuk graf ialah (x + 3)(4)(2x – 5) = 252
The shape of graph is (4x + 12)(2x – 5) = 252
8x2 – 20x + 24x – 60 = 252
8x2 + 4x – 312 = 0
3. (a) f(x) = x2 – 8x + c 2x2 + x – 78 = 0
0 = 22 – 8(2) + c (x – 6)(2x + 13) = 0
0 = 4 – 16 + c 13
x = 6, –
c = 12 2
∴ x = 6
(b) f(x) = –8x2 + 20x + c Jumlah luas permukaan kuboid
5 = –8(4)2 + 20(4) + c Total surface area of cuboid
5 = –128 + 80 + c = (2 × 9 × 7) + (2 × 9 × 4) + (2 × 4 × 7)
5 = –48 + c = 126 + 72 + 56 = 254
c = 5 + 48
= 53
4. (a) x2 + 8x + 16 = 15x + 6
x2 + 8x – 15x + 16 – 6 = 0
x2 – 7x + 10 = 0
J1 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Bab 2: ASAS NOMBOR 6 100

Chapter 2: NUMBER BASES
6 16 –4
6 2 –4
1. (a) 10123 = (1 × 33) + (0 × 32) + (1 × 31) + 2 0 –2
= 27 + 3 + 2
4005 = 2446
= 32
x = 244
8 32
8 4 –0 3. (a) 10110012
0 –4 = (1 × 26) + (0 × 25) + (1 × 24) + (1 × 23) +
(0 × 22) + (0 × 21) + (1 × 20)
10123 = 408
= 64 + 0 + 16 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 1
= 8910
(b) 638 = (6 × 81) + 3
= 48 + 3
8 89
= 51 8 11 –1
8 1 –3
5 51
0 –1
5 10 –1
5 2 –0 Maka / Thus, p =131.
0 –2
(b) 10112
638 = 2015 = (1 × 23) + (0 × 22) + (1 × 21) + (1 × 20)
= 8 + 0 + 2 + 1
2. (a) 0 10
10
0 10 = 1110
1 0 1 0 0 12
– 1 1 0 12 245
= (2 × 51) + (4 × 50)
1 1 1 0 02
= 10 + 4
= 1410
111002 = 1 × 24 + 1 × 23 + 1 × 22

= 16 + 18 + 4 378
= 2810 = (3 × 81) + (7 × 80)
= 24 + 7
7 28 = 3110
7 4 –0
0 –4 Maka, 10112 mempunyai nilai minimum.

2810 = 407 Thus, 10112 has minimum value.
x = 40
4. (a) 110102
= (1 × 24) + (1×23) + (0×22) + (1×21) + (0 × 20)
(b) 1
= 16 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 0
2 2 45 = 2610
+ 1 2 15
4 0 05 3

x+1
– 1 = 26
3x + 1 = 27
4005 = (4 × 52) + (0 × 51) + (0 × 50) 3x + 1 = 33

= 10010 x + 1 =3
x = 2
© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. J2

(b) 32114
= (3 × 43) + (2 × 42) + (1 × 41) + (1 × 40)
= 192 + 32 + 4 + 1
= 22910
22910 = 3458
∴ x = 3, y = 4, z = 5
Bab 3: PENAAKULAN LOGIK

Chapter 3: LOGICAL REASONING
1. Pernyataan Antejadian Akibat Nilai kebenaran

Statement Antecedent Consequent Truth value
Implikasi: Jika 40 ialah gandaan 25, maka 40 Palsu Benar Benar

Implication: ialah gandaan 5. False True True
If 40 is a multiple of 25, then 40 is a
multiple of 5.
Akas: Jika 40 ialah gandaan 5, maka 40 Benar Palsu Palsu

Converse: ialah gandaan 25. True False False
If 40 is a multiple of 5, then 40 is a
multiple of 25.
Songsangan: Jika 40 bukan gandaan 25, maka 40 Benar Palsu Palsu

Inverse: bukan gandaan 5. True False False
If 40 is not a multiple of 25, then 40 is
not a multiple of 5.
Kontrapositif: Jika 40 bukan gandaan 5, maka 40 Palsu Benar Benar

Contrapositive: bukan gandaan 25. False True True
If 40 is not a multiple of 5, then 40 is not
a multiple of 25.
2. (a) Jika / If m = 5, maka / then m3 = 125.

Jika / If m3 = 125, maka / then m = 5. Surface area of the sphere
= 4π(7)2
(b) Jika / If m3 = 125, maka / then m = 5. = 196π cm2
Jika / If m ≠ 5, maka / then m3 ≠ 125.
Jika / If m3 ≠ 125, maka / then m ≠ 5. 4. (a) Kesimpulan / Conclusion: 3k – 1 = 14
(b) 3 = 7(1) – 4
3. (a) Bukan pernyataan. Kerana ayat itu tidak 10 = 7(2) – 4
dapat ditentukan nilai kebenarannya. 17 = 7(3) – 4
Not a statement. Because the sentence cannot be 24 = 7(4) – 4
determined its truth value. 
(b) Luas permukaan sfera 7n – 4, dengan keadaan / such that n = 1, 2, 3,
4,…

Bab 4: OPERASI SET (b) A B

Chapter 4: OPERATIONS ON SETS
1. (a) A C
C
B
G F D
Subgraf / Subgraph:
A B
(b) Q
P
C
R
G G F
2. (a) P ∩ Q ∪ R
2. (a) Jarak / Distance
(b) Pʹ ∩ Q ∪ R
(b) A B
3. n(P) = n(P ∪ Q)ʹ
x + 3 + 1 + 3 + x = 2x + 5 + x
2x + 7 = 3x + 5
F
x = 2
n(ξ) = 5 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 2(2) + 5 + 2 B
= 26
D
Bab 5: RANGKAIAN DALAM TEORI

GRAF
Chapter 5: NETWORK IN GRAPH THEORY
1. (a) C
A B
(c) A B
F
D D
F
C
G
E
Subgraf / Subgraph:
C
A B A
A B
F
D
F
G G E

C


3. 4. y
A C
4
2y = x
2
E F
x
O 2 4
B D x+y=4
Bab 6: KETAKSAMAAN LINEAR 5. (i) x + y > 120

DALAM DUA PEMBOLEH UBAH (ii)
y – x > 15
Chapter 6: LINEAR INEQUALITIES IN TWO
(iii) 1.60x + 1.40y < 190
VARIABLES
16x + 14y < 1 900
1. (a) p + q > 7 8x + 7y < 950
(b) x – y > 20
6. (a) (i) x + y < 150
2. (a) 1
y (ii) y> x
y = 2x – 2 4
2 (iii) y < x + 10
1 (b)
x y
O
–1–1 1 2 3
160
–2
140
(b) y y = x + 10
120
2
1 100
x
O (70, 80)
–2 –1–1 1 2 3 80
–2
60
1
y= x
x = –2 R 4
40
(c) y
20
x + y = 150
6
O x
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
x + 2y = 4
4
2 (c) (i) Bilangan maksimum jubin kecil yang

boleh digunakan
x
O 2 4 6x + y = 6 The maximum number of small tiles that can
be used
= 120
3. (a) x > 0
1
y > x (ii) Jumlah kos jubin / Cost of tiles = 2x + 4y
2
y , 4 2x + 4y = 8
x + 2y = 4
(b) y , 4 + x
y > –x
x < 4

Daripada graf, titik optimum ialah (b) Luas di bawah graf

(70, 80). Area under the graph
From the graph, the optimum point is (70, 80). 1 1
= (6)(16) + (8)(16) + (6)(16 + 30)
Jumlah kos maksimum 2 2
Total maximum cost = 48 + 128 + 138
= 2(70) + 4(80) = 314
= RM460
Jarak yang dilalui
Distance travelled
= 314 m
Bab 7: GRAF GERAKAN
Chapter 7: GRAPHS OF MOTION 4. (a) Laju / Speed = 60
50
60 
1. (a) = 72 km j–1
Jarak/
Distance(m)
72 km h–1
50
40 (b) Tempoh masa / Period = 70 – 50
30 = 20 minit / minutes
20
10 (c) Purata laju / Average speed
O
Masa/
=
60 + 60
10 20 30 40 50 Time(s)
(b) 
130
60 
Laju/
Speed(ms-1) = 55.38 km j–1
55.38 km h–1
110
100
5. (a) Laju seragam = 20 m s–1
90
Uniform speed
80
70
60 (b) Kadar perubahan laju
50 Rate of change of speed
40 20 – 0
=
30 6–0
20 = 3.33 m s–2
10
Masa/ (c) Jarak yang dilalui oleh zarah A
O 5 10 15 20 Time(s)
Distance travelled by particle A
1
2. (i) AB = (T)(20) = 10T
2
(ii) BC
(iii) OA Jarak yang dilalui oleh zarah B
Distance travelled by particle B
1
3. (a) Luas di bawah graf = (6)(20) + (T – 6)(20)
2
Area under the graph
1 1 = 60 + 20T – 120
= (6)(24) + (8)(24) + (4)(24) = 20T – 60
2 2
= 72 + 192 + 48 Perbezaan jarak yang dilalui oleh zarah A dan
= 312 zarah B
Difference between the distance travelled by particle
Jarak yang dilalui
A and B
Distance travelled
= 40 m
= 312 m

Maka / Thus, Jarak / Distance

(b) Laju Purata / Average speed =
20T – 60 – 10T = 40 Masa / Time
10T = 100 240
=
T = 10 180
60
5. (a) = 80 km j–1
80 km h–1
Jarak/ Distance(km)
240
m=90
Masa/ Time(min)
80 n=125 180
Bab 8: SUKATAN SERAKAN DATA TAK TERKUMPUL

Chapter 8: MEASURES OF DISPERSION FOR UNGROUPED DATA
1. (a) Shahrul:
9+6+4+8+7
Min / Mean = = 6.8

5
 9 + 6 + 45 + 8 + 7  – 6.8 = 1.72
2 2 2 2 2
Sisihan piawai / Standard deviation = 2
Daniel:
7+6+7+8+8
Min / Mean = = 7.2

5
 7 + 6 + 75 + 8 + 8  – 7.2 = 0.75
2 2 2 2 2
Sisihan piawai / Standard deviation = 2
(b) Daniel lebih sesuai dipilih menyertai pertandingan kerana sisihan piawai lebih kecil menunjukkan dia
lebih konsisten.
Daniel is more suitable to be chosen to join the competition because the smaller standard deviation shows that he is
more consistent.
2. (a) Julat baharu / New range = 20 ÷ 4 = 5

Julat antara kuartil baharu = 8 ÷ 4 = 2
New interquartile range
Varians baharu / New variance = 12 ÷ 42 = 0.75
(b) Julat baharu / New range = 20 × 3 = 60

Julat antara kuartil baharu = 18 × 3 = 54
New interquartile range
Varians baharu / New variance = 12 × 32 = 108

3. x 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 1
2. P(A) =, P(A  B) =
3 15
f 5 13 8 y 9 4 P(A) × P(B) = P(A  B)
fx 5 26 24 4y 45 24 1 1
× P(B) =
x2
1 4 9 16 25 36 3 15
1
fx2 5 52 72 16y 225 144 P(B) =
5
∑fx
(a) Min = 3. Kotak K Kotak L Kesudahan
Mean ∑f
Box K Box L Outome
124 + 4y
3.36 =
39 + y
3.36(39 + y) = 124 + 4y 1 (A, 1)
0.64y = 7.04
A 4 (A, 4)
y = 11
6 (A, 6)
498 + 16y
(b) Varians = – 3.362
39 + y
Variance 1 (B, 1)
498 + 16(11)
= – 3.362 B 4 (B, 4)
39 + 11
674 6 (B, 6)
= – 11.2896
50
= 2.19 Kesudahan / Outcome = {(A,4),(A,6)}
P (mendapat huruf “A” daripada Kotak K dan
nombor genap daripada Kotak L)
Sisihan piawai / Standard deviation P (of getting the letter “A” from Box K and an even
= 2.19 number from Box L)
= 1.48 2 1
= =
6 3
4 6
4. (a) P =
+
15 15
Bab 9: KEBARANGKALIAN PERISTIWA 10
=
BERGABUNG 15
Chapter 9: PROBABILITY OF COMBINED 2
EVENTS =
3
1. (a) 5 6
(b)
P = +
15 15
Duit syiling Cakera Kesudahan
Coin Disc Outcome 11
=
15
P (A, P)
Q (A, Q) 6 6 6
A 5. (a) P = × ×
7 7 7
R (A, R)
216
S (A, S) =
343
P (G, P)
Q (G, Q)
(b)
P = 1 –  17 ×
1
7
×
1
7 
G
R (G, R) 1 342
= 1 – =
S (G, S) 343 343


6. P(Q ∪ R)ʹ = 1 – P(Q ∪ R)  – : 2y = 30

17 y = 15
= 1 – P(Q ∪ R)
40
17 23 Gantikan / Substitute y = 15 ke dalam / into :
P(Q ∪ R) = 1 – =
40 40 x – 15 = 18
n(Q ∪ R) x = 33
P(Q ∪ R) = ∴ n(Q) = 33, n(R) = 15
n(S)
23 n(Q ∪ R)
=
40 40
n(Q ∪ R) = 23 Bab 10: MATEMATIK PENGGUNA:
P(Q ∩ R) =
n(Q ∩ R) PENGURUSAN KEWANGAN
n(S) Chapter 10: CONSUMER MATHEMATICS:
5 n(Q ∩ R) FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
=
8 40 1. (a) Baki pendapatan / Income balance
5 = RM3 000 – RM300 – RM250
n(Q ∩ R) = × 40 = 25
8 = RM2 450
Biarkan / Let n(Q) = x dan / and n(R) = y
(b) Jumlah perbelanjaan tidak tetap bulanan
x – y = 18 –––– 
Total monthly variable expenses
P(Q ∪ R) = P(Q) + P(R) – P(Q ∩ R) = RM1 000 + RM300 + RM300 + RM100 +
n(Q ∪ R) n(Q) n(R) n(Q ∩ R) RM250
= + – = RM1 950
n(S) n(S) n(S) n(S)
n(Q ∪ R) = n(Q) + n(R) – n(Q ∩ R)
(c) Pendapatan lebihan / Surplus of Income
23 = x + y – 25 = RM2 450 – RM400 – RM1 950
x + y = 48 ––––  = RM100
2. Pelan kewangan
Pendapatan dan Perbelanjaan Financial Plan
Income and Expenditure
(RM)
Jumlah pendapatan bulanan / Total monthly income 3 600
Tolak simpanan untuk dana kecemasan / Minus savings for emergency fund 400
Insurans peribadi / Personal insurance 120
Bayaran pinjaman kenderaan / Vehicle loan payment 680
Jumlah perbelanjaan tetap bulanan / Total monthly fixed expenses 1 200
Tolak perbelanjaan tidak tetap bulanan / Minus monthly variable expenses
Makanan / Foods 840
Percutian / Holiday 340
Belanja petrol / Petrol expenses 120
Tol / Toll 25
Jumlah perbelanjaan tidak tetap bulanan / Total monthly variable expenses 1 325
Pendapatan lebihan / Surplus of income 135

Jawapan 10

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Jawapan

Bab Fungsi dan Persamaan Kuadratik dalam Satu Pemboleh Ubah

1. Ungkapan Ya/Bukan Sebab

(b) a − 16 Bukan/No Kuasa tertinggi bagi pemboleh ubah a ialah 1.

(d) y2 − 5z + 3 Bukan/No Terdapat dua pemboleh ubah, iaitu y dan z.

q2 − 4q Bukan/No Bukan dalam bentuk ungkapan kuadratik.

Banyak kepada satu Banyak kepada satu

hubungan banyak kepada satu / many-to-one relation

1 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Jenis hubungan Banyak kepada satu Banyak kepada satu

Titik pusingan Titik minimum Titik maksimum

Koordinat titik pusingan f(–1) = 1 – 2 – 8 = –4(1)2 + 8(1) + 5

4. (a) f(x) (b) f(x)

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 2

(c) f(x) (c) f(x)

Nilai a bertambah, graf menjadi semakin lebar.

Nilai a berkurang, graf menjadi lebih sempit.

Nilai a  0 dan b , 0, maka paksi simetri berada x

Nilai a  0 dan b  0, maka paksi simetri berada f(x) = x2

3 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(b) Titik P(0, 5) berada di paksi-y, maka nilai c = 5. 4

(ii) K(p) = 1 250 (d) Apabila / When h = –2,

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 4

11. (a) 2x(x – 9) = 0 (c) 2[(x 2 − 2) − x] = 5x

(e) 2x2 + 8x = –2x – 12

5 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(c) Nilai a = 1 , 0, graf berbentuk . (ii) W(n) = 80

k = – 1 atau k = 6 Jumlah sewaan mingguan,

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 6

Jawapan / Answer : D 3. (2x − 15)(5x) = 250

Jawapan / Answer : B Jumlah buku yang dibeli

7 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

1 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 2

(a) Asas 3 (e) Asas 7 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,

(b) Asas 4 (f) Asas 8 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,

(c) Asas 5 (g) Asas 9 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,

2. Asas a Nilai tempat / Place value

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 8

3. (a) 100112 (g) 586149

Nilai tempat Nilai digit 1 × 33 2 × 32 2 × 31 1 × 30

Nilai nombor + (1 × 30)

9 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Nilai nombor + (4 × 50) Nilai nombor (7 × 8 ) + (7 × 8 )

Number values Number values = 56 + 7 = 6310

Digit value = 864 = 108 =0 =2 Nilai digit 5 × 93 1 × 92 7 × 91 6 × 90

Number values = 245 + 21 + 4 = 27010

5. (a) Nilai tempat Maka / Thus,

(b) Nilai tempat

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(d) Nilai tempat

6. (a) 111102 (f) 1135 5

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(k) 1647 7 95 (n) 10789 9 800

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10. (a) Nombor asas 8

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11. (a) 11102 1 68 Asas 3 / Base 3

010 100 0102 2 0 34 1 3 0 14

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(c) 13325 (d) 110325 Asas 9 / Base 9

Asas 6 / Base 6 (c) 57839 (d) 118329

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5. (a) 6. (a) (i) 10 – x

8. (a) 9. (a) S = {3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19}

11. (a) (c) Bilangan orang yang memakai topi sahaja