Lesson 1.

2- The Periodic Table

Characteristic Of the Modern periodic Table
- Atomic number & number of electrons increases as you go from left to right
- The rows are called periods(going down) and the columns( across) are called groups
- Metals are on the left & non-metals are on the right
- All elements in a period have the same number of electron orbits (shells)
- All member of a chemical family have the same number of valence electrons( Ex: F, Cl and Br all
have 7 valence electrons)
Categories that complete the Periodic Table
- Alkali Metals- shiny, silvery, soft, and highly reactive with air and water
- Alkaline Earth Metals- shiny and silvery but not as soft as they alkaline earth metals. Many
burns with bright colorful flames
- Noble Gases-colorless, odorless, and tasteless gases and are very stable
- Metalloids- are poor energy conductor; have properties between metals & non-metals
- Transitional Metals- Hard metals with high melting points
- Non-Metals- Neither as reactive or unreactive as halogens or noble gases
- Halogens- Reactive gases some are poisonous
- Basic/Other Metals- Not as reactive as group 1 &2 but are common and useful
- Lanthanoids- Rare Earth metals
- Actinoids- Have no stable isotope
Categories within the Periodic Table
- Main group elements: Group 1,2 & 18; most prevalent elements on earth
- Transition Metals: Metals in the center of the periodic table
- Inner transition metals: The 2 rows disconnected from the table Lanthanoid & Actinoid
Extra Info
Periodic Law: when elements are arranged by atomic number, their chemical and physical properties
recur periodically