.

PHILSAN
FEED REFERENCE STANDARDS
FOURTH EDITION

PubliJhed by

Ii) Philippine Society of Animal Nutritionists

~ 2010
Page 213...... The word Adopted In the photo citations should have read "Adapted". ERRATA

Page 218...... Low, Medium and High risk levels of mycotoxin A-Trichothecenes for Page xvi.. ...... JAVIER P. MATEO should have read "JAVIER P. MATEO, Ph.D."
pig (piglet) should have read <50, 50-200 and >200, respectively.
Page xvli....... The name "J.B. Cruz" was omitted from contributors to Chapter IV.
Page 224...... On the second paragraph, the phrase "based on the Feed Compp~tion •
Table in chapter 2" should have been omitted. . Page 2.......... The entry "Tannic acid .... ..... NMT 0.2°/," was omitted from the
specifications of BANANA MEAL, Unpeeled.
Page 235...... The value of CP for Ipil-ipilleaf meal in Example A should have read
Page 5........... "RICE COryza sativa), Milled" should have read "RICE (Oryza
-22.2" instead of 20.0.
sativa), Broken."
Page 255...... The sentence in the 2nd paragraph should have read "Liquid sample
Page 6.. ........."CANE SUGAR, Brown" should have read "SUGAR, Brown."
Is taken using a tube (glass or stainless steel)."
Page 256...... tn the paragraph Rice Bran Test Kit, the last sentence should have Page 8.... .......Jhe entry "Crude fat.. . NLT 28%" was omitted from the specifications
read "...whether the sample is: good .01, falr-D2, poor-OJ: of EGG POWDER, Whole, Spray Dried.

Page 211·274 ...... The word "Editor's' was omitted In the footnote in page 211 and Page 16......... Jhe Soybean Meal Specification should have been below:
should have read "Editor's Note." The heading Phosphorous""· in US Indian China Brazil Argtntina
Tables 83, 84 and 85 should have read ·Phosphorus·"· tl!!n~ ~ Nop.deh!Med ~
Moisture,

_
Page 275-276.. .. .. The unit for Crude fiber on the 4th column of Table 87 should
have read "0/. NMT" instead of % NLT. NMf(%) 12.0 -- 12.0 -- 12.0 -- 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0
Crude Protein,
On page 275, under the section II. Flnfishes,.it should have read "e.g. NLT(%) 42.0 47.0 46.0 50.0 43.0 46.0 46.0
Mllkfish3 , lliapia, etc.)". I Ctude Fiber,
NMf (%) 6.5 -- 3.5 -- 7.0 -- 4.5 -­ 6.5 -­ 4.5 3.7

l
Page 366...... In the Immunowall section, the category "Distributor: JA FARMS Protein Solubility in 0:2% KOH......... ............ .......... .............. .. ....
73.0 to 85.0 %
ASIA PACIFIC, INC." was omitted. Urease activity as change in pH......... ... ..... ............ .......................
0.02 to 0.30
The Composition should have read "Each kilogram contains minimum ~fa:::::::::: ::: ::::: :::::::::::::::::: ::: :::::::::::::::::: ~~ 1~~ ~~t .
activity: B Glucan (1-3,1-6) : 30t 3%; Mannanollgossacharides: 18±3%; Zeatalenoue..... ... ...................................... .... NlvIT 100 I>pb

Ethereal Extract 2.0%; Crude Fiber: 3.0%; Carbohydrate: 42%: - -_..

Page 384...... In the Hilyses section, the category "Distributor: JA FARMS ASIA
PACIFIC, INC." was omitted.
The Composition should have resd "Each kilogram contains total
nucleic acids of 4.0% - 5.0%, free nuc\eotidesand nucleosides of 3.0%
- 3.5%, crude protein 40.0%, ash 8.0% max and ether extract 2.7%:
Page 432...... The first sentence in Storage category of MICROVIT A PROSOL 500
should have read ·Store at 20-22°C· Instead of •...20-220C·,
Page 452...... The term "Mlcrovlt B35" in the Dosage for MICROVIT B5 Promix
CALPAN should have read "Mlcfovlt B5·.
. ,. . "
Pages 41-43..:The unit for Purity of Trace Minerals Sources in Table 1 is %.
Page 46 ........The term "L-Iyslne sulfate" in form and color and specifications of L­
LYSINE should have read "Lysine sulfate:
Page 55 ...... ..010 Dry Matter of Wheat, US milling should have read "91.10· Instead
of 791 .10.
Page 59 ....... In the category Rapeseed meal, Indian, the values for Poultry and Swine
should have read "1907" and "2228" respectively (bold emphasis).
Page 61 ........ % Crude Fiber of Copra meal, expeller should have read "8.76·

Instead of 8.761.
Page 486...... The contact Information of DSM NUTRITIONAL PRODUCTS
PHILIPPINES INC . should have read as follows: Page 62 ....... There should be no value for % Crude fiber of Molasses; delete 8.B.
Unit 1803 One Global Place
Page 74........ % Cystine and digestible cystine composition of Poultry meal should
5th Ave. cor 25th St.,Bonifaclo Global City, Tagulg City
have read ·0.62" and ·0.35" Instead of 0.90 and 0.73, respectively.
Tel. No. +63 2 553 6506; Fax No. +6325530703 .
% Cystine and digestible cystine composition of Shrimp meal, shell
Email: arina.perino@dsm.com .
should have read "0.18" and "0.11" Instead of 0.44 and 0.38,respectlvely.
Website: www.dsmnutritionalproducts.corri . .

% Cystine and digestible cystine compOSition ot Shrimp meal, head

Page 492...... The units PPM and PPB should have read "ppm· and ·ppb",
respectively.
The weight unit "1 microgram or gamma" and their corresponding
conversion should not have appeared.
.1 should have read ·0.32" and "0.19· Instead of 0.58 and O.50,respectlvely.
I
Page 75 ....... % Met + Cys and digestible Met + Cys composition of Luplns, sweet
should have read "0.67" and "0.58" instead of 0.6 and 70.58, respectively.
Page 76 .... ... % Met + Cys and digestible Met + Cys composition of Soybean,
Indian nondehulled should have read -1.42" and "1.26" instead of
1.84 and 1.59, respectively.
Page 77 .... .... % Tryptophan and digestible tryptophan composition of Molasses Page 114...... Amino Acids recommended for high nutrient Gestation ration should
should have read "0.03" and "0.01" instead of 0.0 and 30.01 respectively. have read "0.32" Isoleucine and ·0.35" Met + Cys instead of 0.67 and
0.67 respectively.
Page 79.. ...... The figures for Lactose powder should have been below:

bll>
~~.
, _\0

.~~
Q\o
~
. i>-$'
~..o #
Il>0\-
x
,,~..
~
~~Il>
1/,0
~
. ~v
• .,~'<I>
, 0\0

~~
~~
~
,:\~i.
~oi)~
~
if'
~o\. _\.
.~Il>
Page 130/134...... The ages of broiler breeders should have read as follows: Starter
"0-4 wks", Grower "4-12 wks", Developer "12-18 wks", Pre-lay "18-24
wks"/Lt;lyer "24 wks-cull."
Page 132 ...... The age of Booster gamefowl chickens should have read "0-3 wks"
C~ y<l.';' ~~.. C..,O; +~.. ,,'<I>' ~' \'>'~ , ..~ \>~~ .:.:..~ instead of 0-6 wks. The age of Starter gamefowl chickens should
Lactose 0.40 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.0 1 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02

have read "3-6 wks" Instead of 0-6 wks.

powder 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 om
Page 135 ...... The ages of egg-type chickens should have read as follows: Star1er
"0-4 wks", Grower "4-12 wks", Developer "12-16 wks", Pre-lay "16-20
The figures for Soy protein concentrate should have been below: wks", Layer "20 wks-cull".
0\_ Page 136/140 ...... The heading for the 4th column of Tables 38 to 42 should have
al a 0\0
'!.~~ I/, I _\. _\0 ~~ 0\0 0\.. . read "SCOTT 1982"". The footnote "*units per megacalorie of diet"
~,o 0\_ ~-$' _\. ~" ':!.~i. ",,'</> IIJ ~~ _\0 \ was omitted.
. ~~
'1.0 ~Il> (j o~ i'Sl" .~~ ~ ~e Il>- 0
~i.~ ~i.<- ,,'<I>,ii ~4,~ ~~~ . ....,~i.~ .\>~~~ .:.:..§.~
bi.
C~ y~"" Cool.."i$ Page 144 ...... The phrase "*Added per kg air-dry feed" should not have appeared at
the bottom of the ' page.
Soy protein 60(004 .29 0.94 LOI 1.95 ? S4 0.88 5.43 3.09 5.09 3. 19

concentrate 3.93 0.85 0.88 1.72 '.. 2.180.79 4,89 2.69 4.61 2.87
Page 145 ...... The subheading "Percent of Diet" for the "2nd, 3rd and 4th columns for
Amino acids in Table 47 was omitted . .
Page 81.. ....... The % Crude Protein of Wheat, Chinese should have read "12.94" Page 147 .. .... The word "feed" should not have appeared under the heading of the
instead of 12.9. 2nd column, Unit/kg.

The % Crude Protein of Wheat, Danish should have read "9.96" Page 148 .. .... The value for ME: Protein ratio for Grower should have read "132"
illstead of 49:96. . instead of 121.

Page 82 ..... .. .. The entry Meat and Bone meal was omitted and should have read as:
The crude protein value for Grower should have read "22.00" instead of
24.00.
~ .~
. ~~ • 0\0 0\0 0\0 ~
~ , 0,0. The Lysine and Methionine values under Amino Acids for Growers should
~,
o~
0\. . ~w
~... i.
0a
\
r:','b ~~
Il>
,,~v
....~
.A'I.o
0,0 ':\~~ 1IJ0
',0 _\. have read "1 .20" and '0.48" instead of 1.30 and 0.49, respectively.
bl/, 0/; .,Q
• .. ~ ~ q})~' !\." .,'" oi)~ •~ ct
C'~ v~~-$' ~~~ o..-c; ~~..x ,,'<I>' ~<I.~ ~~<:i ...,,~i. ve~r,.,.. .:..$-~ The Lysine, Methionine, Met+Cys and Trytophan values under Amino
Acid: Energy (ME) ratio for Starter should have read "4 .48","1.72","2.59"
Meat and 50.00 2.44 0.68 0.42 1.09 1.50 0.3 1 3.57 1.21 3. 16 2.36
and "0.76" instead of 4.33,1.67, 2.50 and 0.73, respectively.
n Olle Meal 1.00 0.56 0.26 O.IH 1.20 0.25 2.99 1.00 2.68 1.96

The Lysine, Methionine, Met+Cys and Trytophan values under Amino

Acid: Energy (ME) ratio for Grower should have read ·4.14","1.66"i·~.59"
It should be noted that the category and entries for Poultry by-product and "0.76" instead of 4.33,1.67, 2.50 and 0.73, respectively.
meal was duplicated in the preceding page. The Methionine and Trytophan values under Amino Acid: Energy (ME)
ratio for Layer/Breeder should have read "1 .55", and "0.66" instead
Page 88 .. ... ....The values "3.19" and "2.87" for % Valine and digestible valine of 1.50 and 0.63, respectively.
composition of Soy protein concentrate were omitted.
The Methionine, Met+Cys and Trytophan values under Amino Acid: .
Table 6a was omitted and is provided in a separate she§1. Lysine ratio for Grower should have read "4t100","62 .50", and
"18.33" instead of 38.00,56.00 and 17.00, respectively.
Pages 90-91 ... The correct figures for the table on these pages are provided in a
separate sh~et. Page 179 ... ... The acronym PCCARRD in the title ofTable 63 should have re a 9
"PCARRD". : '.
Page 104 ... ,... The % Lactose for Creep ration should have read "10.00-15.00"·
instead of 12.00-15.00 and the % Lactose for Pre-starter ration Page 200 ...... The phrase acid-based balance under Sodium should have read "acid­
should have read "5.00-10.00" instead of 8.00-10.00 . base balance." ·· . . ;2·;
Page 112....... Low nutrient density Amino Acids of Pre-starter ration should have Page 205 ...... The word "degenerative" should not have appeared among the
Defi.ciency symptoms for Magnesium. The last sentence in ttie
read "0.61" Met + Cys , "0.66" Threonine, "0.19" Tryptophan instead
footnotes should have read "Those unique to turkeys are ... " ri.'
of 0.80, 0.66 and 0.25 respectively.
.\."
."::
 On page 88, the table below was omitted...

Table 6a. Nutrie~t composition of amino acid supplements (as fed basis).

Nutrients Amino acids supplements

DL-methio­ Methionine L-lysine Lysine L-threo­ L-trypto­ L-tryp­
nine Hydroxy HCI sulfate nine phan tosine
analogue
Dry matter, % 98.00 88.00 98.00 98.00 98.00 98.00 98.00
Crude Protein, % 58.00 51.00* 74.00 76.00 72.00 84.00 95.00
ME, Kcallkg (poultry) 3,600 3,695 3,625 4,091 . 3,100 5,880 3,000
. ME, Kca1Ikg (Swine) . 4,900 3,695 4,050 4,258 3,700 6,300 3,600
Methionine, % • 99.00 82.00 - 88.00 0.35 1.75
Lysine, % 78.80 51.50 55.00
Threonine, % 0.28 99.00 0.15
Tryptophan, % 0.14 99.00 15.00
Valine, % 0.35 0.50

*Equivalent values, not from conventional analyses

.. .. -­ • _ _ _ 0 -
---­ ._-- ­ - - - _._ - - - - - - -- -­ _.­ ._ - -

On page 90 (Table 7 continued ...), the values for the categories below should have read:
Forage Scientific Name DM ME* TDN CP Ca P NDF ADF IVDMD
% (Meal) % % % % % % %
PangoJa grass Digitaria decumbens

28 days 15.1 2.0 56.3 10.6

56 days 23 .0 1.9 51.3 6.1 "J ;

84 days 26.0 1.9 51.5 3.1

21.0 2.1 58.0 6.5 0.55 0.33

Paragrass Brachiaria mutico 26.0 ··· 2;0 56.0 7.9 ·. 0.35 . 0.33

Rice straw Oryza sativa 90.0" . 1.7 47.0 3.8 0.32 0. 10

Star grass Cynodon plectostachyus 23.0 2.3 63.0 12.4 0.50 0.47

Splendid grass, .. Setaria splendida .

45 days old 15.6 10.2 71.95 41.60 57.68

On page 91 (Table 7 continued...), the values for the categories below should have read:

Forage Scientific Name DM ME* TDN . cp Ca P NDF ' ADF · IVDMD

% (Meal) % % % % % % %
Centro Centrosema pubescens
42 days 18.5 2.3 64.3 27.6
63 days 20.2 2.2 61.4 25.7
84 days 22.3 . . 2.2 605 22.4
24.0 1.7 48.0 20.8 1.15 0.34

Cowpea hay Vigna sinensis 88.0 2.1 57.0 20.4 1.60 0.69
Desmanthus Desmmrthus vitgatus
45 days 27.1 18.3 1.40 0.20 63.00 43.50 53.60
Kudzu Pueraria phoseoloides 21.0 2.2 60.6 19.4
PHILSAN
FEED REFERENCE STANDARDS
FOURTH EDITION

Publifhed by

I). Philippine Society of Animal Nutritionists

~ 2010
Copyright 2010
Philippine Society o f _-\n imal Nutritio nists (PHILS_-\N)

All rights resmoed. Nothingfrom this publication mqy be reproduced, stored in a

tvmputeri:;.ed -D's/em orpublished in any form or in any manner, including eledrOnit~
mechanit"Ol. reprographic orphotographit~ lvithout prior Ilrt"ttm permiJSion from the
publtJ'her, Philippine So{iety oj Animal Nu/n"tionists, Animal and Dairy Sdenm
Cluster, Unitmi(y ojthe Philippines Los Banos, College, Laguna, Philippines

Printed in the Philippines

CIP (Cataloging in Publications)

Feed Reference StHnd ards. 4th ed itio n/PHILS.-\N

.-College, bglU1H: Philippine
Society of Animal 1 \ltritio nists, 2010

Incl\ldes references: p. 498

1. Classiflcation, Descriptio n, and SpeciticatioIlS of Some Common FeerlIngredients. - 2. NlItrient

Composition nnd Usnge Limitations of COllllllon Feerl Ingredients. - 3. Nurrie.nt Recorrunellrlarions For
Swine. - 4. N\llrient Reconunenrlaliolls [or Poultry. - 5. ]\Jmricllt Recommellrlations [or Beef Cattle, DHiry
Ca ttle, Water Buffaloes, 00ats, aud Sheep. - 6. N utrient Recommend ations for l\quatic AwmHls (filapia,
Milk.fish, Pangasius, Hnd Shrimp). - 7. COUUllon N\ltriri onal Deficiencies in Livestock, Poultry, aud Aq \l~tic
Auim als. - 8. Feed Fmmubtion. - 9. Q uality Control of Feed Ingredients. - 10. Laws RegulatiJlg TI le
Compound Feed Industry. -11. Desc rip tio n of Some J lItrirional Produds. 1. O live ros, Benito A. - Editor.
II. Philippine Society of Animal N lItritionists (pHILSA..l"l).

ISBN: 978-971-8771 -04-4

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
EDITOIUAL BOA.RD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX
FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X

PREE-\CE . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . XlI
PHILS"-li"i: .1. Glance at the Past, a Peep into the Future. X11I
LIST OF CONTRlBUTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . xvu

I. Classification, Description, and Specifications of Some Common

Feed Ingredients
In troduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Energy Sources . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . .. . 2
Protein Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Animal and j\[arine Protein Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Plant Protein Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Non-Protein Nitrogen Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Milling and FactolY By-Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Dairy Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Fats and Oils . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . 26
Raw Materials for Game Fowl . . ...... . . . . . 29
Feed Supplements and Additives. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . 38
Mineral Supplements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
j\[acromineral Supplements. . . . . . 38
Calcium and Phosphorous Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Calcium Sources . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . . . 39
Sodium and Chlorine Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Trace :\lineral Supplements . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Sources of Trac e l\,linerals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Vitamin Supplements . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Description and _-1.ctivity of Commercial Vitamin Products. 44
Amino .Acid Supplements . 45
Feed _-\dditives . 47
References . . . . .. . . . . 49

II. Nutrient Composition and Usage Limitations of Common Feed

Ingredients
In troduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Nutrient Composition of Common Feed Ingredients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
i\lineral, Linoleic .-\cid and Choline Contents of Common Feed Ingredients . . . . . . 65
Total and Digestible .Amino .-\cid Composition of Common Feed Ingredients fo r Swine. .. 70
Total alld Digestible Amino .Acid Composition of Common Feed Ingredients for Poultry .. 80
Nutrient Composition of Common Roughages. . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . 89
Recommended i\[aximum InclUSIon Rates (%) of Common Feed Ingredients for Poultry .. 93
Recommended i\laxiroum Inclusion Rates (%) of Common reed Ingredients for SWll1e . .. 96
Recommended Maximum Inclusion Rates (%) of Common Feed Ingredients for Finfish .. 99
References. . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 102
ttl
III. Nutrient Recommendations for Swine
In troduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Nutrient Recommendations for Creep and Pre-starter Rations. . . . 104
Nutrient Recommendations for Starter, Grower and Finisher Rations. . . . . 105
Nutrient Recommendations for Gestating, Lactating and Boar Rations. . . . . 106
Nutrient Reconunendations for Growing Pig Rations Fed ad libitum. . . . . 107
Nutrient Recommendations for Swine Starter Rations. . . . . . . . 108
Nutrient Recommendations for Swine Grower to Finisher Rations. 109
Nutrient Recommendations for Gestating Sows. . . . . . . . . . . 110
Nutrient Reconunendations for Lactating Sows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Digestible Amino Acid Recommendations for Sucklers and Pre-starters. . . . 112
Digestible Amino .Acid Reconunendations for Starters, Growers and Finishers. 113
Digestible Amino ,--\cid Recommendations for Gestating, Lactating Sows, and
Boars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Dietary 1Iineral and Fatty Acid Requirements of Growing Pigs Allowed
Feed ad libitum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Dietary j\Iineral and Fatty Acid Requirements of Gestating and Lactating Sows. 116
Vitamin Recommendations for Pre-starter Rations. . . . . . . . 117
Vitamin Reconunendations for Starter Rations. . . . . . . . . . 118
Vitamin Recommendations for Grower Rations . . . . . . . . . 119
Vitamin Recommendations for Fattening Pigs. . . . . . . . . . 120
Vitamin Recommendations for Breeder (Sow and Boar) Rations. 121
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

IV. Nutrient Recommendations for Poultry

In troduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Nutrient Recommendations for Broiler-type Chickens. ......... 127
Digestible .A.mino Acid Requirements for Broilers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Digestible Amino i\.cid Requirements for Meat Broiler-type Chickens. . . . . 129
Nutrient Recommendations for Broiler-breeders. . . . 130
Nutrient Reconunendations for Egg-type Chickens. . . . . . . . . 131
Nutrient Recommendations for Gamefowl Chickens. . . . . . . . 132
Recommended Vitamin and ;\Iineral Supplementation for Broilers. 133
Recommended Vitamin and lI.Iineral Supplementation for Broilers-Breeders. 134
Recommended Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation for Egg-type Chickens 135
Vitamin Recommendations for Broiler Starter Rations. . . . . . . . 136
Vitamin Reconunendations for Broiler Grower-finisher Rations. . . . 137
Vitamin Recommendations for Breeding Hens. . . 138
Vitamin Recommendations for Growing Pullets. . 139
Vitamin Recommendations for Layers 140
Nutrient Specifications for Ducks. . . . . . . . 141
Mineral1-\.llow,ances for Ducks. . . . . . . . . . 142
\"X!orldwide Nutrient Recommendations for Ducks 143
Vitamin ,--\llowances for Ducks. . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Worldwide Nutrient Recommendations for Ducks. . 145
Suggested ;\Iinimum Nutnent Recommendations for Ostrich. . . . 146
Vitamin and Trace Mineral Reconunendations for Ostrich. . . . . 147
Nutnent Recommendations for Japanese Quail . . . . . . . . . . 148
zt'
 Vitamin and Trace i\fineral Recommendations for Japanese Quail . 149
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

V. Nutrient Recommendations for Beef Cattle, Dairy Cattle, Water

Buffaloes, Sheep, and Goats
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Nutrient Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Daily Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Dry l\[atter Intake Requirements to Fulfill Nutrient Allowances for Maintenance,
l\[jlk Production, and Normal Live Weight Gain during j\[jd and Late Lactation. 159
Daily Nutrient Requirements of Lactating and Pregnant Cows. . . . . . . 160
Recommended Nutrient Content of Diets for Dairy Cattle. . . . . . . . . . .. 161
Daily Nutrient Requirements of Buffaloes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 164
Nutrient Constituents of Buffaloes l\[jlk at Different Fat Levels: nutrients/kg l\[jlk .. 168
Daily Nutrient Requirements of Sheep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Daily Nutrient Requirements of Goat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 173
Nutrient Constituents of Goat's i\[ilk at Different Fat Levels: Nutrients/kg l\[jlk . 176
Practical Feeding Guides for Ruminants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Suggested Feeding Guides for Commercial Dairy Cattle. . . . . . . . . . 177
Suggested Feeding Guides for Commercial Beef Cattle Production . . . . 178
Suggested Feeding Guides for Buffaloes in Commercial Dairy Production. 179
Suggested Feeding Guides for Goats. 181
References. . . . ., . ......... .... ...... . ... . ... 182

VI. Nutrient Recommendations for Aquatic Animals (Tilapia, Milkfish,

Pangasius, and Shrimp)
In troduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Nutrient Recommendations for Tilapia (Tilapia sp.). . . . . 184
Nutrient Recommendations for Milkfish (ehanos chanoJ) . . . . . . . 185
Nutrient Recommendations for Pangasius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Nutrient Recommendations for Tiger Shrimp (P. monodon). . . . . . 187
Vitamin Requirements for Warmwater Finfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 188
Vitamin Requirements for Shrimp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
j\[jneral Requirements for Warmwater Finfish . 190
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

VII. Common Nutritional Deficiences of Livestock, Poultry, and

Aquatic Animals
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
l\[ycotoxicosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Physiological.Functions of Vitamins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Physiological Functions of j\[jnerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Nutritional Deficiencies in Poultry. . . . . . . . . . . . . 204-
Nutritional Deficiencies in Swine. . . .. ............... 206
Nutritional Deficiencies in Ruminants. . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. .. 210
Vitamin and l\fineral Deficiency Signs in Channel Catfish, Common Carp a.nd
Nile Tilapia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '. . . . . . . . . 211

t'
 Effects of Major r..fycotoxins in Livestock and Poultry . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Risk Levels of l\fycotoxins. . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

VIII. Feed Formulation

In troduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Important Considerations in Feed Formulation 222
i\Iethods of Formulating Rations . . 223
Trial-and-error l\Iethod . . . . . . 223
Simultaneous Equation ex and Y) . 225
Pearson Square l\Iethod. . . . . . 225
Linear Programming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Example of a Least Cost Ration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Ration Formulation for Rummants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Beef Cattle . . . . . . . . . 235
Dairy Cow . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Urea Feeding for Ruminants .. . 244
Balancing Rations with Urea .. . 245
Precautions when Feeding Urea . . . . . . . . . 245
Formulating Vitamin Premix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Formulating l\'llneral Premix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Composition of Vitamin Premix for Broiler Starter with an Inclusion Rate
of 1 kg per ton of Feed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Composition of Mineral Premix for Broiler Starter with an Inclusion Rate
of 1 kg per ton of Feed. . . . . 249
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . 250

IX. Quality Control of Feed Ingredients

Introduction .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 251
Definition of QuaLty Assurance (Control) . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 252
Flow Chart for the Quality Control of Raw Materials . . . .. .. . . . 253
Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Quick Tests for Physical Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Suggested Chemical Analyses for Major Peed Ingredients. 258
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

X. Laws Regulating the Compound Feed Industry

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Feed Laws . . . . . . . . 261
Registration and Licensing . . 262
Registration Fees . . . . . . . 263
Labeling of Feeds . . . . . . 263
Inspection and Sampling. . . . 265
Coded Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Nutrient Standards for :\'£ixed Feeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Veterinary Products . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . 266
\X'hat are .-\nimal Drug R~sidues . . . .. .... .... . . 266

t't
 Required Safety Assessment Tests . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . 266
Criteria for Drug Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Safe Drug Residue Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
International Standard for Veterinary Drug Residues . . . . 268
Clinical Trials on Veterinary Products . .. . . . . . . .. . 269
Feed Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Impact on the Environment . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 270
Quality Control Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 270
Animal Feed Service Bulletin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Dynamic Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Nutrient Standards for Poultry Feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 271
Nutrient Standards for Swine Feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Nutrient Standards for Cattle/Buffalo/Carabao/Sheep/Goat Feeds . 274
Nutrient Standards for Equine Feeds. . . . . . . . . 274
Nutrient Standards for Complete Aquaculture Feeds . 275
References . . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. .. . . 276

XI. D escription of Some Nutritional Products

In troduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Acidifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . 278
Amino Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Anticoccidial. . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Antimicrobial 295
.Antioxidant . . . 300
.-\nti-Salmonella . 308
Base Mix . . . . . .. . . .. .. . 311
Bio-surfactant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Enzyme: Carbohydrase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
Enzyme: Phytase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Enzyme: Protease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Essential Oils . . . . . . . 345
Feed Ingredient. . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Flavors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Herbs and Herb Extracts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Hormone-releasing Factor . 362
Immuno-enhancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
Ligno-cellulose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
j\-[ineral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36H
J\fold Inhibitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Non-protein Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
Nucleotides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · 384
Nutritional Metabolite. . . . . . 386
Odor/.\mmonta Control . 388
Omega-3 Fatty / \cid . . . . . . . . 390
Organic l\uneral . . . .. . .. . 392
Organic Trace i\uneral . . . . . 392
Organic Trace j\uneral Premix . 394
Pellet Binder. . . . . . . . . . 395

t'tt
 Pep tides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Pigmenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
Probiotic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Protein Concentrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
Skimmilk Replacer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
Specialty Feed Ingredient. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
Surfactant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 414
Sweetener. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
Toxin Binder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
Trace j\Iineral Premix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
Vitamin ..-\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
Vitamin.AD3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Vitamin .AD3E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
Vitamin D3. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 438
Vitamin E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
Vitamin K3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
Vitamin Bl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
Vitamin B2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
Vitamin B6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
Vitamin B12 . . . . 447
Vitamin: Biotin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
Vitamin: Folic .-\.cid . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
Vitamin: Niacin . . . . . . 450
Vitamin: Pantothenic Acid . . . . . . . . 45 1
Vitamin C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
Vitamin-..-\mino .-\.cid Premix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
Vitamin-Amino Acid-l\·fineral Premix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
Vitamin-Antibiotics Premix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
Vitamin-Electrolytes-Organic ..-\.cid Premix . . . . . 455
'Vitamin Premix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456
Vitamin-i\fineral Premix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
\'x/hey Powder . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
Yeast and Yeast By-Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

PRODUCT INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471

DIRECTORY O F ;illVERTISERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484
TABLE O F EQUIV.-\LENTS . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492
PHILSAN EXECUTIVE COUNCIL 201 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
PHILS,\J.'\J EXECUTIVE COUNCIL 20 10 (VIS-ivaN CHAPTER) . . . . . . . 496
PHILSAN EXECUTIVE COUNCIL 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
PHILS_-\.N EXECUTIVE COUN CIL 2011 (VIS-tUN CHAPTER) . . . . . . . 498

t'tZz
 EDITORIAL BOARD

DR. BENITO A. OLIVEROS

MS. FILOMENA SD. PASCUAL
MS. MA. MERCEDES C. BUYOC
DR. PLACIDO F. ALCANTARA
DR. JAVIER P MATEO
DR. ARNEL N. DEL BARRIO
Ms. CECILIA C. LAZARO
DR. CARMENCITA D. MATEO
DR. SONIA P ACDA
DR. JAIME A. SISON
DR. ROSALINA M. LAPITAN
Ms. CELINA DONNA Q. BANTOC

EDITORIAL CONSULTANTS

DR. JAIME A. SISON

MS. ANNA REYLENE J. MONTES

zx
 FOREWORD

THE PHILIPPINE SOCIETY OF ~-\NLvL\L NUTRITIONISTS (pHILS.-\N)

is an association of practicing animal nutritionists who are primarily concerned with
poultry and livestock feeding and production. To date, the Association has published
three editions of Feed Reference Standards.

~-\ny person involved in the feeds and animal industry should have a vast
knowledge of the operations and intricacies of feed formulation and production.
One major source of valuable information on the basics of feed production is the
PHILS~-\N Feed Reference Standards, 4th edition.

For c~rrent users of its previous editions, introduction on the merits of owning
this priceless book of information may not be required. However, it is imperative to
inform them that aside from important updates on every chapter, a topic on Quality
Control of Feed Ingredients was added in the fourth edition.

For new and would be owners, let me share with you why you need to have a
copy of this fourth edition.

The Nutritionist's main responsibility is to provide the most efficient feed

formula/recipe . ..:\ccordingly, it is necessary for a nutritionist to have the most accurate
matrix/data as basis for feed formula60n/recipe.

~-\ Quality ~-\ssurance/Control Officer is accountable to ensuring that all raw

materials meet the set quality standards

The major task of a Purchaser/Buyer is sourcing out and buying raw materials
that optimizes the value of its money.

_-\ Veterin~ian is in-charge of ensuring the health of farm animals and good
health starts with good nutrition.

_-\nd, it is the ~-\cademe)s vital role to train, educate and prepare students of
~-\nimal and Veterinary Sciences for their eventual involvemenr in animal and feed
production.
x
 In the animal and feed industry, these stakeholders must ensure that only safe
food enters the food chain and this can be realized only with the use of safe feeds for
all food animals.

The PHILS"-\N Feed Reference Standards 4th edition is a collabora tive product
of experienced nutritionists, which provides all important information and guides on
feeds and feeding to stakeholders of the animal industry.

Having said this, I invite you to be an owner of this valuable treasure of

information. I am very confident that this book will become your mentor, friend and
all y.

JOYCE B. CRUZ, D.VlvL

PHILSAN Pmident, 2010

Xl
 PREFACE

THIS BOOK IS the product of aJmost seven years of hard work by the most
dedicated members of the Philippine Society of ~-\nimal Nutritionists (PHILS~-\N).
The persistent desires of the members for new technology and latest knowledge on
animaJ nutrition make up this 4th edition of Feed Reference Standards.

The book owes its revision to countless discussions and workshops among the
members led by at least three Chairmen of the last three executive councils. Some
PHILSAN members who are living and working abroad aJso gave their share in making
this valuable book.

From ten in previous editions, the 4th edition has grown into 11 chapters. "-\n
added chapter on Quality Control of Feed Ingredients addresses the interest of
producing good quaJity, clean, and safe feed for food animals. This is intended to set
a standard to be followed by aJl personnel involved in feed production, from receiving
the ingredients, manufacturing, and to the utilization of feeds ..

The chapter on nutrient standards was revised according to the most recent
10caJ and foreign updates on ingredient analysis of major nutrients and amino acids.
The latest government standards and updated feed laws are also incorporated to guide
the reader on the prevalling related standards and policies. Likewise, the chapter on
registered nutritional and veterinary products was updated based on prevailing
commercial products.

i\{any thanks to our colleagues who authored and contributed in the revision of
this book. Most of all, our sincerest gratitude to Dr. Ben Oliveros who committed
and worked hard in pushing all chapter writers to complete and publish this 4th edition.
To our current President, Dr. Joyce Cruz, our gratefulness for keeping her promise in
ensuring to publish this book during her term.

BASILI~CUAL-REAS, D.V.~L,
PHILSAN PreJident, 2007-2009
l'vLSc.

xu
 PHILSAN: A GLANCE AT THE PAST,
A PEEP INTO THE FUTURE

AS A PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION, the Philippine Society of Animal

Nutritionists (PHILSA1'--~ is truly unique and distinct in many ways. For one, the group is
composed of achievers who are motivated to act and accomplish. They are not afraid to
dream, take the mitiative, and act upon it. They are productive with their time. They set goals
and work to achieve ihose goals.
PHILSAN also has a sense of purpose. It is not that the organization does not face
obstacles, because it does. Yet it strives to overcome its obstacles. It has an intelligent plan of
action that includes being realistic about its strengths and weaknesses.

A GLANCE AT THE PAST

To fully understand its unique charactenstics, let us take a glance at the history of
PHILSAN.
In january 1988, a small group of animal nutritionists led by Dr. PlaCIdo F. Alcantara,
j\[r. Francisco A. Ortiz, j\[s. Lydia J. Querubin and j\[s. j\Lriam Davis met at the Mandarin
Oriental Hotel in Makati to organIze an mformal 'breakfast club' type of regular gathenng.
This was intended to be composed of practicing animal nutritionists who could share theIr
experiences and expertise with one another. After a series of meetings, the group decided to
broaden the scope of the organization and formally created what is now known as the Philippine
Society of "--lliimal Nutritionists.
A constitutional committee was formed to draft the constitution and by-laws of the
Society. On june 28, 1988, the group (composed of 32 charter members and 2 associate
members) unanImously approved, on fmal reading, the constitution and by-laws. Elected
as officers were: Dr. Mario j\f. Labadan, Mr. jerry Dean 0. Concepcion, Ms. Cynthia A.
Canlobo, Ms. j\[a. j\[ercedes C. Buyoc, Mr. Godofredo C. Lugod and Dr. jaime A. Sison, as
President, Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer, PR.o. and A.uditor, respectively.
The now familiar green and yellow PHILSAN logo was also adopted to represent the
organIzation. After the meeting, PHILSAN was formally launched and introduced to
dIstinguished guests from the anImal and feed industry over cocktails at the Grand Ballroom
of Hotel Nikko j\[anila Garden in i\Iakati.
The first significant activity of the SOCIety was the special seminar on Poultry Nutrition
by the world-renowned scientist, Dr. j\Wton L. Scott. '~\n Audience with the Maestro" was
held on September 19, 1988 at the Skytop, Hotel Intercontinental Manila in j\Iakati. Later in
the evening, the charter members bestowed Dr. Scott with an honorary membership to
PHILSAN in view of his invaluable contributions to the field of animal nutrition. A dinner-
reception was also held in his honor.
XU!
 On October 26, 1988, the group proved its organizational skills and drawing power by
staging a truly international-caliber seminar-convention at the .Manila Polo Club despite the
inclement weather. Five foreign speakers dealt on wide-rangmg topics consistent with the
theme ''r\nimal Nutntion: Trends and Progress." 1\Iore than 150 participants, from all sectors
of the anunal and feed industry, attended.
Due to lack of local standards for poultry and swine nutnent requirements, feedstuff
composition and purchase specification, feeding limitations and others, the Society sponsored
a Nutrient Standardization \v'orkshop on April 21-22, 1989 at Puerto Azul in Ternate, Cavite,
to come up with concrete recommendations. Various ad hoc committees were formed to
oversee the continuity of the project.
On September 29, 1989, five new regular members were chosen from among a group
of applicants/recommendees in keeping with the Society's objective of selective membership.
The second PHILSAN seminar-convention was successfully held on October 18, 1989
at the Manila Polo Club, with the theme "f\nimal Nutrition in the 90's." New members and
officers were inducted at Skytop, Hotel Intercontinental Manila. Dr. 1\fario 1\1. Labadan was
given a fresh mandate as President up to 1990. Other officers inducted were: Dr. Placido F.
Alcantara, Vice-President; Ms. Cynthia A. Canlobo, Secretary; 1\ls. Clarissa 0. Valdez, Treasurer;
Dr. Jaime A. Sison, P.R.o.; and Mr. Godofredo C. Lugod, Auditor.
Unlike other professional organIzations which conduct general meeting once or twice a
year, PHILS~c\.N members actively participate in the general meetings conducted once a month,
usually preceded by a seminar sponsored by various companies.
A follow-up workshop on Nutrient Standardization was held on April 26-27, 1990 at
Puerto Azul, Cavite. The ad hoc committees presented their progress reports and itwas decided
that the synthesis of the workshop be published into PHILS~c\.N Recommends type of
handbook launched on December 7, 1990.
The PHILSAN Feed Reference Standards published in 1990 provided basic information
needed in feed quality control and formulation of feeds for livestock and poultry. These
information were based on the various scientific data and experiences of respected Filipino
animal nutritionIsts. Thus, instead of constantly referring to foreign data, Philippine A.nimal
Nutritionists were given a guide in their feed formulation which is practical and applicable
under various conditions.
The Second Edition of the PHILSAN Feed Reference Standards, which was launched
in 1996, provided additional information about the nutritional requirement not only of poultry
and swine but also of fish and ruminants. These were dealt with in two new chapters. The
chapter on poultry nutrition included the nutritional requirements for ducks. The listings of
feed ingredients and nutritional products included those that were recently introduced 10 the
market and were used by the animal industry at that time.
The Third Edition of the PHILSAN Reference Standards was launched in 2003. This
edition was composed of ten chapters including laws regulating the feed industry. The book
was written to provide updated information useful to animal nutritionists in the performance
of their role in the Philippine animal industry.
In 2009, the PHILS.i\N Feed & Nutrition Digest was published as the official newsletter
of tl1e Philippine Society of illiimal Nutritionists. This newsletter aimed to highlight the major
activities of the society and its members while the PHILSAN official website was launched in
August, 2010 to bridge the society to the rest of the on-line community.

XZt'
REPUTABLE LEADER
The old saying, '~'\n institution is but a lengthened shadow of one man," indeed applies
to PHILSAN leadership. Since its inception in 1988, PHILSAN has been led by reputable
animal nutritionists in the animal and feed industry. The names of Dr.l\[ario I\.L Labadan, Sr.,
Dr. Placido F. "Alcantara, Dr. Javier P. l\[ateo, Mr. Jerry Dean 0. Concepcion, Dr. Benito A.
Oliveros, Dr. Isaias G. Lumanta, Jr., Ms. l\Ia. I\.[ercedes C. Buyoc, Dr. Arnel Del Barrio,
l\k I\.[ario C. Labadan, Jr., Mr. Allan B. Maristela, Dr. Basilisa P. Reas, and the incumbent
President, Dr. Josefina B. Cruz, are almost legendary in the history of PHILSA.N. Imbued
with zeal and creativity, they have won for themselves not only the plaudits of an appreciative
public but the respect and admiration of their colleagues as well.

HONORING THE EXEMPLARS

,\ tradition of excellence, PHILSAN honors those individuals who have contributed
for the enhancement of animal nutrition in the Philippines and in other countries. Those
awarded honorary membership to PHILSAN included Dr.l\Wton L. Scott, Professor Emeritus,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Dr. Leopoldo S. Castillo, Professor Emeritus, Institute
of Animal Science, u.P. Los Banos, College, Laguna; Dr. Cledualdo B. Perez, Professor Emeritus,
Institute of Animal Science, u.P. Los Banos, College, Laguna; Dr. Amado E. Baladad, President,
Philippine Poultry and Livestock A.ssociation; and Dr. Perla L. Lopez, Professor, Institute of
.'\nimal Science, U.P. Los Banos, College, Laguna.
Additionally, PHILSAN recognized outstanding animal nuuition practitioners thatst.arted
in 2008. The awardees were: Dr. Placido F. .AJcantara (2008), Dr. Javier P. Mateo (2009) and
Dr. Virginia G. Silverio (2010).

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
PHILSAN's activities are not limited only to the concerns of the animal feed industry. It
recognizes its active role in making this world a better and happier place to live in. Despite
keeping busy schedules, PHILSAN members make time to join the group's charity works like
visiting the elderly at the Home for the A,ged, Emmaus in .I\.Ialolos, Bulacan.
'Through their outreach programs, PHILSA.N members also go ou t of their way to
share their knowledge and expertise to farmers, local government officials, feed millers, and
students not only in Luzon but also in Visayas and Mindanao.

SCHOLARSHIP AT UPLB
On June 9, 1994, PHILSAN put up a scholarship program to send poor but deserving
i\nimal Science major undergraduate students at the Institute of .'\nimal Science, College of
Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Banos . Those awarded the PHILSAN
undergraduate scholarship grants included Jorge N. Ledda (1st and 2nd sem, 1995-1996),
Karolyne M Anjail (1st sem, 1996-1997), Gina Medina (1st and 2nd sem, 1997-1998), l\[ary
Grace de Chavez (1st sem, 1998-1999 and 2nd sem, 1999-2000), Amy Rose Lamboso (1st
sem 2000-2001; 2nd sem 2001 -2002), Jay Ronel Conejos (1st sem, 2002-2003,lst and 2nd

Xt'
sem, 2003-2004), Gilbert Perez (1st and 2nd sem, 2005-2006, 2nd sem, 2006-2007), Diana
Joy ?-.L ;'farco (1st and 2nd sem,2007-2008, 1st and 2nd sem, 2008-2009), Franco 1'1. Pitargue
(1st and 2nd sem, 2009-2010) and Ron Aldwin Navales (1st sem, 2010-2011) . Those awarded
the PHILS.AN graduate scholarship grants included Regina Optial ,MS (1st sem,2003-2004),
Teresa Caguicha, 11S (1st sem, 2004-2005), Emma L. .Alcantara, 11S (1st sem, 2005-2006),
and 1Iiriam Alberto, PhD (1st sem, 2006-2007).

A PEEP INTO THE FUTURE

Ever growing and innovative, PHILSAN will w1doubteclly playa key role in "propelling
animal nutrition in the Philippines into the mainstream of global development and advances."
\'(ihat sets PHILSAN apart from others is its ability to "see down the road." Because
PHILSAl'\l officers and members have a goal in mind, they are not moved or hindered by
momentary stumbling blocks or setbacks.
And that makes PHILSAN unique and distinct among the professional organizations.

MARIO M. LABADAN, Sr., Ph.D. JAVIER P. MATEO

PHILSAN President 1988-1990 PHILSAN President 1992-1994;
Charter Member 1999-2000
Charter Member

Xl'!
 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Chapter I CLASSIFICATION, DESCRIPTION, AND SPECIFICATIONS OF

SOME COMMON FEED INGREDIENTS
F. Sd. Pascual*', 1\[a. \L e. Bu yoc, R . .1\[. Lapi tan, L. J. Querubin,
S. P. .\cda, E. D. Cordova, R G. Optial, C D. Q. Bantoc, A. L. "-1.reta, .:\ .
;\. Bunan (-), Z. R. J.auii.o, E. T. :\Icantartt, 1. E. Melo, B. P. Reas, B.. \ .
O liveros, ,\. P. jauhari, e.G. \,(,' <-\.buan

Chapter II NUTRIENT COMPOSITION AND USAGE LIMITATIONS OF

COMMON FEED INGREDIENTS
l'.la. ?l.L e. Buyoc Y , F Sd. Pascual, L. J. Q uerubin, S. P.•-1.cda, .-\. N. del
Barrio, R. l\I. Lapitan, C. C Lazaro, Co. F Cordura, l\I. l\.L <\tiellza,
CD. Q. Bantoc, B. P. Reas, Z. R. Laraiio, CG. \\/ .\buan, A P. jauhan,
N. S.. \ndal, E. 1. .-\.lcantara, .\.. 1.. Areta, A .-\. Hunan (t)

Chapter III NUTRIENT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SWINE

P. F..-\.lcantara', :\. D. Pinkihan, ;\la. l\.L C Buyoc, V G. Silverio, A P.
jauhari, R. C. Sulabo, G L Banogo n, .-1.. A Hunan (t), J B. Cruz, V P.
Evangelista, .-\.. J Barroga, C. P. Lopez

Chapter IV NUTRIENT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR POULTRY

J p. l\ [atco<, e.c. Lazaro, P. F. Alcan tara, C D l\ lateo, E. S. LUIS, JD 0.
Conce pcion , C :\. Valdez, A P. Jauhari, l\Ia. l\.1. C. Buyoc, 1\.1. 1.. .-1.div, F.
Sd. Pascual , S. P. .t\cda, i\1. MAtienza, G. L. Banogon,j. V i\lariC]uilia

Chapter V NUTRIENT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR BEEF CATTLE,

DAIRY CATTLE, WATER BUFFALOES, SHEEP, AND GOATS
A N. del Barrio*, B. A Oliveros, R M Lapitan, CD Q. Bantoc, A Y.
Robles, P. S. Faylon, MC Labadan, Jr., E . A Orden, .-\.. A Angeles

Chapter VI NUTRIENT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AQUATIC ANIMALS

(TILAPIA, MILKFISH, PANGASIUS, AND SHRIMP)
C C Lazaro*', 1'da. i\L C. Bu yoc, :\. B. junsay, L. J .Querubin, ~d. l\L
Mercado, Z . R. Larano, R. G Figarola, C D. Mateo, .A. B. l\.laristela,
U. Pascual
1,.

Xl'Zt
Chapter VII COMMON NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES IN LIVESTOCK,
POULTRY, AND AQUATIC ANIMALS
C. D. ~dateo\ s. r. _-1.cda, B. P. Reas, :\ . C. 1\[orales, A. A.. I,-alaw, :\. N.
del Barrio, G. L. B;UlOgO!l, .\. K. Rigo r

Chapter VIII FEED FORMULATION

s. P. "-1.cda*, c.:\. C Ullobo, _\ . N. del Bania, B. _\. Ol iveros, C. A Valdez,
R. 1\L Lapitan, R. G. Op tial

Chapter IX QUALITY CONTROL OF FEED INGREDIENTS

F Sd . Pascu al*, E. L ,-\icantara, J. G . Cas tillo, S. L G on zal es, T. C.
_-1.guda, 1\ L .-1. . Temp ra, 1\ [a. C i\f. !'d aroon, 1. E. 1\ [elo, lda. 1\L C. Bu),oc,
C C. Lazaro, A P. Jau hari, B. r. Reas, 1\ [a. E. C Carpena

Chapter X LAWS REGULATING THE COMPOUND FEED INDUSTRY

l A Sison*, J.D. 0. Co ncepci o n, J. P. 1\ [ateo, H C. Lab ,1d an, ] r, R . S.
Cruz, CD. Q. Bantoc,l1\ L V l\[erca, R. _-1.. O live ros

Chapter XI DESCRIPTION OF SOME NUTRITIONAL PRODUCTS

B. A O liveros*, A N. del Barrio, R. 1\ L Lapitan, C D. Q. Banroc, 1\ [a. C.
1\L Maroon, _\ . A .-1.nge\es, C. r. Lopez, Y 0. Pagaspas, :\ . C. Dilag

*Chapter lead person

XlUt
 CHAPTER I

CLASSIFICATION, DESCRIPTION, AND

SPECIFICATIONS OF SOME COMMON
FEED INGREDIENTS

FEED J\HLLING OPER.:\TION for both commercial and farm use often deals
with the purchase of various feed ingredients for feed formulation . People purchasing
and accepting feed ingredients must possess good knowledge of their classifications,
descriptions and purchase specifications for effective quality control. Poor quality
rations likely occur when adulterated or inferior quality ingredients are used. Quality
of the mixed feed depends largely on the quality of the raw materials.

The classification and specification of common feed ingredients presented are

based on the knowledge and experiences in feed quality control of practicing
nutritionists. j\fany local feed millers are now engaged in the manufacture of aqua
feeds and game fowl concentrates, hence, this chapter includes the specifications of
the raw materials used in the formulation of such ration. This revised chapter has
also the descriptions and specifications of non-conventional feedstuffs used in aqua,
livestock, and poultry rations .

•\ good knowledge on raw material specifications is essential to an effective

feed quality control program. Likewise, it is important to know the effect of a certain
feed ingredient on the palatability of a ration . PHILS.\N hopes that the information
in this chapter will serve as practical guide for both feed millers and livestock raiser~.
1
Chapter I

I. ENERGY SOURCES

BANANA (Musa sapientum) MEAL, Peeled

Description: It is the product obtained by chopping, drying, and grinding of

peeled banana fruit. Dusty texture, pasty and sticky when wet.

Color: Off-white to light brown

Odor: Fresh, not musty and moldy or sour

Specifications:
l\·[oisture . .. . . . . . . ... ... ... . .. .. ...... ... . NMT* 10.0%
j\sh .......... , .......... ..... . ..... . . ..... . N MT 2.0%
Crude Fiber ........ .. .......... . . ... .... . NMT 4.0%
Starch .. .... . . .. . . .. ... . ...... . ...... . .. . . . N LT* 60 .0%
Aflatoxin ....... ....... , . ..... . ..... ... ... . Ni\rT 50 ppb

Remarks: Can substitute com; can be included in the ration up to 10%.

* Nl\ff means "not more than", NLT means "not less than"

BANANA (Musa sapien tum) MEAL, Unpeeled

Description: It is the product obtained by chopping, drying, and grinding of

unpeeled banana fruit. Dusty texture, pasty and sticky when wet.

Color: Light brown to tan with brown specks

Odor: Fresh, not musty and moldy or sour

Specifications:
Mois ture ......... ..... ... .. ..... . .. . ... . . Nl\[T 10.0%
i\ sh .. . ...... .... . . .. . .. ...... .. .... .. . .. . . Nl\[T 6.0%
Crude Fiber , . . ....... .. .. . .. ... . .. .. ... ... N MT 10.0%
Starch ....... , . .. . . ..... .... .... ........... . N LT 40 .0%
Aflatoxin ..... ... ... . ........ .... ... .. . . . . Nl\IT 50 ppb

Remarks : . Can substitute corn; can be included in the ration up to 5%.

2
 Classification, Description and SpecificationJ oj Some Common Feed Ingredients

BARLEY (Hordenum vulgare), Hulled

Description: \'\/hole grain is spmdle-shaped m five angles and possesses a broad

shallow groove on the ventral side. In most varieties, the kernel is
surrounded by a hull which forms about 10 to 14 percent of the
weight of the grain. Some are awned.

Color: Light gray to tannish gray

Odor: Fresh and free from mustiness

Specifications:
J.\[oisture .. ... ... .. . . ...... . ............. . NJ.\H 12.0%
Aflatoxin ....... ... ....... . ... .. . ........ . NMT 50 ppb
Empty grains ............................ . Nl.\.1T 2.0%
Impurities ........... . .. .. .. . ..... ... . .... . Nl.\.1T 3.0%

Remarks : High inclusion rate in the diet requires the use of glucanase-
based enzymes. i\ddltional pigmenting carotenoids are
required in poultry diets.

CASSAVA (Manihot esculenta) MEAL, Peeled

Description: It is the product obtained by peeling, chopping, drying, and

grinding of cassava tubers. Dusty when dry and sticky when wet.

Color: \V'hite to off-white

Odor: Sweet and free from mustiness

Specifications:
l.\.Ioisture .... . . . . . . . . . .. .. . ..... ... ... ... .. Nl.\.[T 13.0%
Ash .......... ........................... . Nl.\.[T 6.5%
Starch . . ............. .... . ......... .. ... . NLT 65.0%
Aflatoxin ................................ . Nl.\.1T 50 ppb
Impurities ......... . .. ..... . . .... ......... . Nl\H 2.0%

Remarks: Can be used as substitute for com.

3
Chapter I

CASSAVA (Manihot esculenta) MEAL, Unpeeled

Descrip ti on: It is the product obtained by chopping, drying, and grinding of

whole cassava tubers. Dusty when dry and sticky when wet.

Colo r: Brownish white

Odor : Fresh, not musty or moldy

Specifications :
l\Iois ture .. . ... .. . ......... .. .. ............. . N l\IT 13.0%
Ash .. ....... .. ... ... ...... .. . . ... ... . ... .. .. N l\[T 12.0%
Starch .. ......... . ........ ....... ......... . N LT 40.0%
Aflatox1I1 . ..... .... . . ...... .. . . .. .. ... .. .. . Nl\[T 50 ppb
Impurities .. ........ . . .... .... ............ . Nl\[T 2.0%

Remarks: Can be used as substitute for corn.

CORN (Zea mays)

Descrip tio n : A too th-s haped kernel composed of bran, coat, endosperm, and
embryo of germ. The remains of the style, which joins the grain to
the cob, may be fOtUld at the tip of the kernel.

Color: White, yellow, or of varietal color

O dor : Sweet and free from mustiness

Specifications :
l\[oisture .... . .. ... . ..... . ....... . ....... . Nl\[T 13.0%
Aflatoxin . . . ... . .... .. ........... ..... ... . Nl\ff 50 ppb
T2-toxin* .. .... . . . ...... . ... .. .... .. .... . 0ll\ [T 100 ppb
Zearalenone .. . ... . . . . .. . ...... .......... . N:t\.[T 100 ppb
Spoiled and damaged grains .. ... . .... . N l\[T 3.0%
Impurities .... . .. . . . .. .... .. . .... . ..... . . Nl\ (T :2.0'/,0

Remarks: Excellent source of energy. The yellow variety is a good source of

yellow pigment for yolk and skin/shank of chicken.

* T2-toxin - refers to trichothecene myco toxin

4
 CLassijit'CItion, Description and Spedfications of Some Common Feed Ingredients

OATS (Avena sativa)

Description: These are seeds with fibrous husk up to 25% of the seed weight
and are sometimes removed before feeding. They are usually roll ed
or flaked to enhance diges tibility.

Odor: Fresh and free from mustiness

Specifications:
l\.Ioisture . .. . . . . . . . ..... .... . ..... . .... .. N~IT 13.0%
Aflatoxin . .... .. .. . .... . .. .. . ..... .... .. . Nl\.IT 50 ppb
T2-toxin .......... ... .. .......... ....... .. Nr.IT 100 ppb

Remarks: Lower in energy value than corn, wheat and barley. Good source
of unsaturated fatty acids.

RICE (Oryza sativa), Milled

Description: Broken rice are small fragments of rice kernels that have been
separated from larger kernels during rice milling. Whole rice kernel
may be included .

Color: \'(ihite or brown

Odor: Fresh and free from mustiness

Specifications:
l\.foisture .. .. .... ... .................. .. .. .. Nl\.IT 12.0%
Starch .. . .. .... ... . .. .. .......... . .. . . ... . NLT 55.0%
"-\f1atoxin ....... ... .. .......... . . .. .. .. .. . Nl\.[T 50 ppb

Remarks : Requires pigmenting carotenoid supplementation when used 10

poultry diets.

RICE (Oryza sativa), Paddy or Palay

Description: I t is composed of lemma and pale a, which have cross-hatched

markings on the surface and are spinescently hairy. The non-
flowering glumes are attached at the base of the paddy and some
varieties are awned or awnless at the apex.

Colo r: Slightly yellow to brown; dark color may indicate off-quality

5
Chapter T

Odor: Fresh and free from mustiness

Specifications:
?'doisture ................................ . N~[T 12.0%
Crude fiber .. .. . ....... . ........ . ....... . . Nfl-IT 10.0%
Starch .............. .... .. .... .. . .. .. .... .. NLT 45 .0%
Aflatoxin ..... . .. .. .... . . . . ...... ... .. .... . Nl\ [T 50 ppb
SilICa ............... . .. ... ... ....... ...... . NfI-[T 12.0%
Empty grains .......... ... ....... ... ... .. NMT 2.0%

Remarks: Can be used as partial substitute for corn. Inclusion rate is limited
by high silica content of the hulls .

SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor)

Descnption: It is more or less rounded and bluntly pointed, 4 to 8 mm in

diameter, with a black scar marking the point of its attachment to
a stalk at one end and shriveled remains of the two styles at the
other.

Color: \Xlhite, light brown to dark brown or reddish brown

Odor: Fresh and free from mustiness

SpeCifications:
Moisture ... ........ . .................... .. Nl\[T 12.0%
i\flatoxin ......... ....... ......... .. . ...... . NMT 50 ppb
DON* .......... . ..... .. ..... . ....... .. ... .. Nl\[T 500 ppb
Empty grains . . . ..... .. .... . ..... ....... . Nt[T 3.0%
Impurities ........ .. .. . ..... . .... . ..... . .. NMT 2.0%

Remarks: Tannic acid content limits the level of usage in the ration . It requires
pigmenting carotenoid supplementation when used in poultry
diets.

*DON - refers to deoxynivalenol mycotoxin or vomitoxin

CANE SUGAR, Brown

Description : This is unrefined cane sugar.

Color: Brown to golden brown

6
 C/(JJSificatioll, Dwription and Speciji.'(1tions of Some Common Feed Ingrediel1ts

Odor: Fresh and swee t, not musty or sour

Specifications:
~[oisture ... . .......... ... .. ...... . .. . ... ~[T 5.0%

Remarks : .,\ dded to swine rations as source of energy and to enhance

palatability.

WHEAT (Triticum sativa)

Description: \v'hole grain of wheat is oval and blunt at the tip with tuft hairs.
Its ventral surface has a deep central groove, 6 to 8 mm in length
passing through it. .,\ t the base of the dorsal side is an embryo
containing about 6% of the grain. It is made up of 82 to 86%
glutinous starch (endosperm) , 13 % bran or seed coat, and 2%
germ.

Color: Soft wheat - Tan to light brown

Hard wheat - Brown to reddish brown

Od o r: Fresh and free from mustiness

Specifications:
Soft Hard
1\ lois ture.... '" ......... .. N!\IT 12.0% .. ..... .... N!\IT 12.0%
CLUde Protein .... .. .. NLT 9.0% .. .. ..... .. . N LT 12.0%
T2-toxin ... ..... ... ...... . N}'IT 100 ppb..... .. .. .. Nl\ [T 100 ppb
Zearalenone ... ... ..... NMT 100 ppb ..... .. .. .. N~IT 100 ppb
DON ....... ..... ..... ... ... Nl\IT 700 ppo ..... ...... Ni\[T 700 ppb
Impurities ... ........... .. NMT 2.0%. ........... N!\IT 2.0%

Remarks : Can be used as substitute for corn. High levels of usage in the diet
will require supplementation o f xylanase-based enzyme. It requires
pigmenting carotenoid supplementation when used in poultry
diets. Q uality varies depending on the country of origin.

7
Chapter J

II. PROTEIN SOURCES

A. ANIMAL AND MARINE PROTEIN SOURCES

BLOOD MEAL

Description: It is the coagulated blood which has been dried and ground into
a meal.

Color: Reddish-black

Odor: Charactenstic bloody odor

Specifications:
l\loisture ........ .... .. ...... ..... ... ............. NMf 10.0%
Crude Protein............... .... ....... ...... NLT 88.0%
Pepsin Digestibility*..................... NLT 70.0%
Salmonella.......... ....... ...................... Negative

* J\OAC, Official l\[ethod of .Analysis, 17 UI ed. 2002

EGG POWDER, Whole, Spray Dried

Description: These are pasteurized, spray dried whole egg solids.

Co lor: Cream to light brown

Odor: Characteristic egg odor

Specifications:
l\fu~~re ... .. ............ ..... ................ . Nl\IT 10.0%
Crude Protein ............. .. ............ .. NLT 45.0%
Calcium ...... .. ................... ......... .... Nl\[T 0.25%
Phosphorus .. .. ............. ............... .. NLT 0.75%
Salmonella ........... ... .......... ........... . Negative

Remarks: Excellent source of highly digestible amino acids.

8
 ClaSJijication, Descnption and SpecijicationJ of Some Common Feed Ingredients

FISH MEAL, Imported

Description: These are clean, dried, ground tissues of undecomposed fish or
fish cuttings, with or without the oil extracted.

Color: Light tan or light brown to reddish brown depending on the

species of fish

Odor: Characteristic odor of cooked/dried fish but should not be rancid

Specifications:
Peruvian Chilean US Menhaden
:Moisture .......... N~IT 10.0% .... NMf 10.0% .... NMT 10.0%
Crude Protein .. . NLT 63.0% ... NLT 63.0% ... NLT 60.0%
Pepsin
Digestibility.. NLT 70.0% .... NLT 70.0% ... NLT 70.0% '
Crude Fat ........ N:tvIT 12.0%. ... Nt-IT 10.0% .. . NMT 2.0%
Salt (NaCl*) .... Nt-IT 3.5%.... Nt-·IT 3.5% ... NMT 3.5%
Calcium .. ........ Nt-IT 5.0% .... Nt-H 5.0% ... NMT 5.0%
Phosphorus ...... NLT 2.0% .... NLT 2.0%. ... NLT 3.0%
Salmonella ....... Negative .... ..... Negative .. ...... Negative

Remarks: Good amino acid profile. Should be tested for the presence of
adulterants and/or non-protein nitrogenous (NPN) materials such
as urea, ammonium sulfate, biogenic amines, etc.

* t- Iohr Method

FISH MEAL, Local

Description: Local fish meals are dried, ground tissues of undecomposed fish or
fish cuttings, either or both; with or without the oil extracted.

Color: Light tan or light brown to reddish brown

Odor: Characteristic odor of cooked/dried fish but should not be rancid

Specifications:
50% CP 55% CP 60% CP
t-Ioisture........... NMT 13.0%.... . N1\IT 13.0% .... NI\lT 11.0%
Crude Protein .. NLT 50.0% .... NLT 55.0% .... NLT 60.0%
Pepsin
Digestibility... NLT 60.0% .... . NLT 60.0%.... NLT 60.0%
Crude Fat... ..... NMT 12.0% ..... N1\IT 12.0% .... NMT 12.0%

9
Chapter I

Stllt (NaCI) .......... N i\[T 4.0%. ... Nf.- [T 4.0% .... Ni\[T 40%
CalClUm. ... ..... ...... ]'(l\[T 6.0%. ... Nf.-[T 6.0% .... NMT 6.0%
Phosphorus ........ NLT 3.0%.... NLT 3.0% .... NLT 3.0%
Salmonella.......... :-Jegative ..... .. Negcttive ......... Negative

Remarks: Good amino acid profile. It should be tested for the presence
of adulterants and/or non-protein nitrogenous (NPN) matenals
such as urea, ammonium sulfate, biogenic amines, etc.

FISH MEAL ANALOGUE

Description: It is a blend of animal by-product containing feather meal,

blood meal, meat and bone meal, and poultry by-product
with or without fishmeal or fish sauce.

Color: Brown to dark brown

Odor: Fresh and meaty but not burnt. May have a characteristic odor of
cooked/dried fish

Specification:
55 % . 60%
i\ lois ture ............... .... . NMT 10.0% ............ .. Nf.-[T 10.0%
Crude Protein ..... ...... . NLT 53.0%. ... ..... .... . NLT 58.0%
Pepsin
Diges tibility.... .... .... .. NLT 50.0% .......... ... . NLT 50.0%
Salt (NaCl) .............. . Nf.-·IT 3.0% .. .. .. .. ... ... Ni\[T 3.0%
Calcium. .......... ..... .. .. Nf.-IT 5.0% ......... .... . Ni\[T 5.0%
Phosphorus .............. . NLT 3.0% ....... .. ... . NLT 3.0%
Salmonella ...... ......... . Negative ............. ......... Negative

Remarks: Specifications vary depending on the brand .

MEAT AND BONE MEAL

Description: These are finely ground, dry rendered tissues exclusive of hair,
hoof and hide trimmings, blood, and contents of digestive tract.

Color: Varies but is usually grayish brown

Odor: Fresh and meaty but not burnt

10
 CLassification, DesCI7ption and SpecijiaJtioflS oj Some Common Feed Illgredients

Specifications:
45% CP 50% CP
Moisture ............ NMT 10.0% Nl\IT 10.0%
Crude Protein .. .. NLT 43 .0% NLT 48.0%
Pepsin
Digestibility... NLT 60.0% NLT 60.0%
Salt (NaCI) ..... .... NMT 3.0% N1IT 3.0%
Calcium ........ ...... N l\[T 11.0% N1 [T 11.0%
Phosphorus ..... NLT 4.0% NLT 4.0%
Salmonella ........ Negative Nega tive

Remarks : Goo d source of essential amin o acids and avai lab le

phosphorus.

PLASMA PROTEIN

Description This is a product separated from blood cell s and obtained

by the add iti on of anticoagulant to whole fresh animal
blood to prevent clotting. 1t is dried, groun d, <lnd is
about 55% of the total. animal blood.

Color: Off-white to beige

Odor: Odorless

Specifications:
Moisture.. .. .... .... ............. .. .... ......... l'J 1\ IT 12.0%
Crude Protein ............................... .. . NLr 7l) .0%
Peps in Digestibility.. .. .... ... ....... .... ... NLT 80.0%
Salmonella.. .......... ......... ......... ........ Negative

Remarks: Excellent source of highly diges tible amino acids.

PORK MEAL

Description: 1t is madc from various parts of the ;lorcine carcass which

have been cleaned, ground, and rendered.

Color: Light brown

Odo r: Fresh fried meat

11
Chapter T

Speci fica tions:

45% CP 50% CP 55% CP
l\Ioisture ........... Ni\IT 10.0% ...... Ni\IT 10.0% ...... Nl\[T 10.0%
Crude Protein ... NLT 43 .0% ...... N LT 48.0% ...... NLT 53.0%
Pepsin
Digestibility.... NLT 60.0% .... . NLT 60.0% ...... N TT 650~ 'o
"-\sh.... .. ......... .. Ni\IT 40.0% .... .. Ni\[T 35.0% ...... ~ 1j\[T 30.0%
Calcium............ Nl\IT 15.0% .... .. Nj\·IT 12.0% ...... Ni\IT 10.0%
Phosphorus ...... ~Lr 7.0% .... .. NLT 6.0% ...... NLT 5.0%
Salmonella.. ...... Negative Negative ...... . ega rive

Remarks: Good source of essential amino acids and available phosphorus.

POULTRY BY-PRODUCT MEAL

Description: These are dried, ground tissue s of undecomposed neck, head,

fat , carcass, and feather of poultry with or without the oil
extrac ted.

Color: Light tan or light brown to reddish brown

Odor: Fresh and meaty but not burnt

Specifications:
i\Ioisture .... .. ................ ................. ...... ........ . Nj\IT 10.0%
Cmde Protein ..... .. ................. ... ..... ........ .. .... NLT 50.0%
Pepsin Digestibility ....... ................ . ... ...... . NLT 40.0%
Crude Fat. .. ... ........ ... ......... .......... ..... ........... . Ni\.[T 17.0%
Calcium. ..... .... .......... ............. .............. ... ..... .. NMT 5.0%
Phosphorus ........ ... ........... ..... ..... ....... .. ........ .. NLT 2.0%
Salmonella .... ....... .... ....... .............. .......... .. ... .. Negative

Remarks: Should be free from any evidence of scorching and over heating or
presence of foul odor.

POULTRY MEAL

Desc ription : These are dried, ground tissues of undecomposed meat, and bone
of poultry

Color: Varied but is usually grayish brown

12
 Cfossification, Description and Specifications of Some Common Feed Ingredients

Odor: Fresh and meaty but not burnt

Specifications:
lvfoisture .... ... ..... .. . .. ..... ........ .. . NMf 10.0%
Crude Protein .... .. ... .. .. .... .. .... ... . NLT 50.0%
Pepsin Digestibility .. ... .. .. .... ........ . NLT 50.0%
Crude Fat .. ..... .... ..... ... ; ... ....... . NMT 15.0%
Calcium .. . ... ... ........ . .... .. .... ... . . Nl,IT 5.0%
Phosphorus . ... ..... ... . .. . ........ .. . . . NLT 3.0%
Salmonella .............. . ... ... ... .. . .. . Negative

Remarks : Should be free from any evidence of scorching and over heating or
presence of foul odor.

SHRIMP MEAL

Description: By-product of shrimp processing and contains either the

exoskeleton or whole shrimp.

Color: Pink or orange

Odor: Characteristic smell of cooked/dried shrimp

Specifications:
1fois ture .. .... .. . .... ... ..... .. . .. . .... . . NMT 10.0%
Crude Protein . ... .. .. .. .. . ... ... ... .. .. . NLT 30.0%
Salt (NaG) .. .. .. ... . .... ... .... . .. .. .. .. . NlvIT 3.0%
Calcium ... ... .... .... . .. ... .. ... ... .. .. . . NMT 6.0%
Phosphorus .. . . ... .. ..... . ... ... .. .. ... . NLT 2.0%
Sodium .. .... ... ... ... .. .......... .. .... . . NMT 2.0%
Salmonella ........ . ...... .. .. ........ . .. . Negative

Remarks: Can be used as an attractant in aqua feeds.

SQUID MEAL

Description: Undecomposed whole, dried, and ground squid.

Color: Light brown with black squid sack

Odor: Characteristic smell of cooked/dried squid

13
Chapter I

Specifications :
Moisture ....................................... .......... .. .. N1.[T 12.0%
Crude Protein .................... ..................... .. NLT 40.0%
Crude Fat. .. ... .. .. ........ .. ....... ... ............... ..... . NLT 15.0%
Sodium. ..... ...... ..... ..... ... ... ..................... .... .. Nl\.IT 2.0%
Salmonella ............. ........ .. ........... ...... ..... ... .. Negative

Remarks: Can be used as an attractant in aqua feeds .

B. PLANT PROTEIN SOURCES

BLACK BEANS (Phaselous vulgaris)

Description : A small black variety of the common bean.

Color: Black

O dor: Fresh and nutty

Specifications:
Moisture .................... .. ....... ..... .............. .. NMT 12.0%
Crude Protein .......... .. .. ... ...................... .. . NLT 20.0%
Crude Fiber... .... .. .. .. ...... ............. .............. Nl\.U 6.0%
Aflatoxin ... ............. ....... .. .......... ..... .. ...... ... Nl\.U 50 ppb

Remarks: Used as partial substitute for soybean meal.

CANOLA (Brassica spp.) MEAL

Description: A by-product after the extraction of oil from canola seeds.

Color: Yellow gold

O dor: Fresh and nutty

Specifications:
Moisture .................. ... .............. .. ........... ... . NMT 12.0%
Crude Protein .... .... ............ .. .......... ........ .. NLT 37.0%
Crude Fiber...... ... ... ... ......... .... ................ .. NMT 12.0%
Aflatoxin ......... ... ..... ..... ... .. .......... ..... .... ..... N1IT 50 ppb

Remarks: Used as partial subs titute for soybean meal .

14
 Classification, Description and Speafications of Some Common Feed Tllgredients

LEUCAENAlIPIL-IPIL (Le~caena spp.) LEAF MEAL

Description: Dried ground leucaena leaves with minimum amount of stems.

Color: Greenish brown

Odor: Fresh and free from mustiness

Specifications:
t-..[oisture . .. ..... .. . . . . .. . .. . . ... . .. . ... . N1IT 12.0%
Crude Protein ... . ... ...... ... .. ... .... . NLT 20.0%
Crude Fiber .... . ... . ............. . .. .. . NMT 14.0%
Total xanthophylls ....... ......... .... .. NLT 500 ppm
t-..fimosine . ...... ........ .. . .. .... ... .. . .. N1IT 2 ppm

Remarks: Contains mimosine. Levels in the diet higher than 5% causes

alopecia and reproductive disorders in swine.

RAPESEED (Brassica napus) MEAL

Description: A by-product after extraction of oil from rapeseed .

Color: Greenish brown to brown

Odor: Fresh and nutty

Specifications:
Moisture ..... . . .. . .. . ...... ........ .. . . .. NMT 12.0%
Crude Protein ...... ..... .. . ..... . ... ... NLT 32.0%
Crude Fiber .. ............. . .. ... ....... . Nt-..IT 12.0%
Aflatoxin .. . .. . . . . .. . . .. .. . ...... .. .. .. . . N1IT 50 ppb

Remarks: Unpalatable at high inclusion rates. High glucosinolate content.

SOYBEAN (Glycine max) OIL MEAL, Soya or Soybean Meal

DescriptiOri: By-product after extraction of oil from soybean seeds.

Color: Bright yellow to yellowish brown

Odor: Fresh, sweet and nutty

15
Chapter I

Specifications:
us Indian Kriti China Brazil Argentina
Moisture,
N1-fT (%) 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0
Crude Protein,
NLT (%) 47.0 46.0 50.0 43.0 46.0 46.0
Crude Fiber,
NMf (%) 3.5 7.0 4.5 6.5 4.5 3.7
Protein Solubility in 0.2% KOH...................... ...................... 73.0 to 85.0 %
Urease activity as change in pH. .............................. .............. 0.02 to 0.30
Aflatoxin..................... ............................ ...... NMT 50 ppb
T2- toxin.................. .... ................................. N1.IT 100 ppb
Zearalenone............. ... .............................. .... N1-IT 100 ppb

Remarks: Good amino acid profUe.

SOYBEAN (Gycine max), Full Fat

Description: Extruded and toasted soybean seeds.

Color: Light yellow

Odor: Fresh and nutty

Specifications:
Moisture ......................................................... . NMT 12.0%
Crude Protein ............................................... . NLT 35.0%
Crude Fat.. .................................. ................... . NLT 17.0%
Crude Fiber.................................................... . N1-IT 8.0%
Protein Solubility in 0.20% KOH. ........... 70.0 to 85.0%
Urease activity as change in pH ............... . 0.05 to 0.30
Aflatoxin ........ ................. ..... ........ .. .. . NMf 50 ppb
T2-toxin ... .. ...... .. ............. .......... ..... .. NMT 100 ppb
Zearalenone ................. .... ................ . NMT 100 ppb

Remarks: Good source of linoleic acid.

C. NON-PROTEIN NITROGEN SOURCE

UREA

Description: Opaque, round or crystal granules containing high amount of

nitrogen.
16
 Classification, Destription and Specifications of Some Common Feed Ingredients

Color: 'White

Odor: No characteristic odor

Specifications:
Moisture ....... .. ... . .. ............ ... .. . N:NIT 3.0%
Crude Protein .... ..... ......... ... .. . .. . NLT 281.0%

Remarks: For nuninant use only. Level of usage is not more than 1% of the
total diet.

III. MILLING AND FACTORY BY-PRODUCTS

BAKERY BY-PRODUCTS

Description: Bakery products and by products blended, dried, and ground

into a meal.

Color: Varies from white to dark brown

Odor: Fresh, not musty or rancid

Specifications:
!v[oisture ....... .. ..... . ... .. ...... .. ..... . N~fT 10.0%
Salt (NaCl) ..... . .... . .................. ... N1vIT 5.0%
Aflatoxin ...... . .. ... .... ... .. ............ . N1IT 50 ppb

Remarks: Should not be burnt, moldy or insect-damaged.

BREWER'S DRIED SPENT GRAIN

Description: By product from the brewing process of barley and other grains

Color: Light to dark brown

Odor: Smell of dried fermented grain

Specifications:
Moisture ... .......... ... .. ... .. . ... .. .. .. N1vlT 10.0%
Crude Protein ...... .. . . NLT 18.0%

17
Chapter J
Crude Fiber .. . .... . . . . ..... . . ... . . . . .. .. Nl\.[T 20 .0%

Remarks: Can be used at high levels for ruminants.

BREWER'S DRIED YEAST

Description: Dried by-product obtained from the fermentation of grains.

Color: Pale brown

Odor: Smell of fermented grain

Specifications:
l\[oisture .. . ... .. . .. . . .... . .... ... .. . .. .. . N LT 10.0%
Crude Protein .... .... .. ...... .. .... .... . NLT 30.0%
Crude Fiber .. . ...... .. . ..... .. . . ... . . . .. Ni\H 6.5%

Remarks: Low methionine content.

COPRA CAKE/MEAL

Description : A by-product after the extraction of oil from copra.

Color: Light brown to brown

Odor: Nut-like and pleasant, resembling ro asted coconut; not musty,

burnt and rancid

Specifications:
?\fois ture .... ..... . ... . ..... ... .. . . . . . . . . Nl\[T 8.0%
Crude Protein ............. . .. .. . . .... . . NLT 19.0%
Crude Fat .. . . . ........ . ... . .... .. . . .... . N tdT 14.0%
Crude Fiber ........ . . . .. . ............. . . N MT 12.0%
Aflatoxin . . . .... .... . .... ... . . .. . .... ... ., N?\£T 50 ppb
T2 - to xin .... ...... .. ........ ..... . ... . .. HMT 100 ppb
Zearalenone ... .. ... .... ... ...... ..... .. .. N1[T 100 ppb

Remarks : Unpalatable at high inclusion rate; imbalanced amino acid profile.

CORN BRAN

Description: The outer covering of the com kemel with some starch.

18
 Classification, Description and Specifications of Some Common Feed Ingredients

Color: Off-white to light yellow

Odor: Fresh and free from mustiness

Specifications:
l\[oisture .......................... . .... . Nl\[T 12.0%
Crude Protein .... . ......... . .......... . NLT 8.0%
Crude Fiber ........... ... ...... . ... . .. . Nl\[T 10.0%
Aflatoxin . . .. ... .. . .... .. ... . . ....... . .. . NMT 50 ppb
T2- toxin ............................. . . . Nl\[T 100 ppb
Zearalenone ............... .. ............ . Nl\fr 100 ppb

Remarks: High levels may affect palatability and feed density. Must be free
from weevils.

CORN GERM MEAL

Description: By-product after oil extraction from corn germ by expeller or solvent
processes.

Color: Golden yellow to brown

Odor: Fresh and nutty, not musty or sour

Specification:
Solvent Expeller
Moisture............. NMT 12.0% .................. Nl\IT 12.0%
Crude Protein.... NLT 20.0% ................. NLT 13.0%
Crude Fiber.. .... .. NMT 9.0% .................. Nl\IT 10.0%
Crude Fat........... NLT 1.0% .................. NLT 6.0%
Aflatoxin........ .. ................. Nl\IT 50 ppb
T2- toxin.......................... Nl\IT 100 ppb
Zearalenone .................... Nl\IT 100 ppb

Remarks: High levels may affect palatability. Must be free from weevils.

CORN GLUTEN FEED

Description: It is a by-product in the manufa.cture of starch from com by wet-

milling process. May consist of corn gluten meal and corn bran
with or without corn solubles and corn oil.

19
Chapter I

Color: Tan to yellowish brown

Odor: Fresh, similar to that of toasted cereals blended with a slight trace
of dried fermented corn

Specifications:
!vloisture .. .. ..... .. . . . . . . .. ......... . ... NtH 12.0%
Crude Protein .... .. ... . . . . .. . . . .. ..... . NLT 16.0%
Crude Fiber ...... .. .... .. .. . . ........ .. . NMT 12.0%
Aflatoxin . . . ....... . . ....... . . . ... ... ... . Nt-U 50 ppb
T2- toxin ... ..... . .. ... . ....... . . . ... . ... NMT 100 ppb
Zearalenone ... .... . . .. . . .. ... .. ..... . . . NMT 100 ppb

Remarks: High levels may affect palatability. Must be free from weevils.

CORN GLUTEN MEAL

Description: Dried corn residue after a large part of the starch, germ, and bran
have been removed.

Color: Golden yellow or brownish-yellow

Odor: Nutty and not rancid

Specifications:
40% CP 60% CP
Moisture........................... NI\ifT 10.0% ................... ...... NMT 10.0%
Crude Protein.. .......... .. ... NLT 40.0% ........... .... ... ..... NLT 60.0%
Crude Fiber. ............. .... ... NMT 5.0% .... ................... NMT 3.0%
Aflatoxin. ...... .... .. .. ... ........ . NMT 50 ppb
T2- toxin ... .... ... .. .. .... .... .... NMT 100 ppb
Zearalenone .... ........ .. ..... ... Nt-IT 100 ppb

Remarks: Low in lysine . High levels in the diet affects palatability. Good
source of xanthophyll. By-pass protein for ruminants. Must be
free from weevils.

DRIED' DISTILLERS GRAIN SOLUBLES (DOGS)

Description: Co-product of ethanol production from corn .

Color: Golden yellow

20
 Cfossification, Description and Specifications of Some Common Feed Ingredients

Odor: Fresh, not musty or rancid

Specifications:
~foisture ..... .. .. ... .. ... . ...... .. . .... .. . NIvIT 13.0%
Crude Protein ... .... ..... ... ...... ..... .. . NLT 25.0%
Crude Fiber ...... ... .... ... . . .. . ... ... ... . N1IT 8.5%
Aflatoxin ...... ..... ... . .. . ... .... ... .. ... . NIvIT 50 ppb
T2-toxin ' " ... .. .. ... ... .. ... .... .. ... ... . NMT 100 ppb
Zearaleone .... ... ...... ..... .. . ...... ... . . N1IT 100 ppb

Remarks: Low in lysine.

SUGARCANE (Saccharum officinarum) MOLASSES

Description: By-product in the manufacture of cane sugar.

Color: Brown to dark brown

Odor: Typical sugar aroma

Specifications:
Moisture ............................................ ......... N1tIT 25.0%
Brix.......... ................ .................................... NLT 80 degrees

Remarks : Enhances palatability and reduces dustiness; has laxative effect

due to high potassium content; creates mixing problem at high
inclusion rate.

PALM KERNEL MEAL

Description: By-product after extraction of oil from palm kernel

Color: L~t to dark brown

Odor: Fresh and nutty; not musty, burnt and rancid

Specifications:
Moisture .. .. .. .. ... . ..... . ... ... .... , .. . . N1tIT 8.0%
Crude Protein .. . .... ... ... ....... . .. . .. . NLT 18.0%
Crude Fiber .. . .. ... ..... .... .... ........ .. NMT 18.0%
Crude Fat ..... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. . .. NMT 14.0%
Aflatoxin ... .. . ..... ....... ... . ... .... .... .. NIvIT 50 ppb

Remarks: High crude fiber content.

21
Cbapter I

RICE BRAN, 0 1 or Cono

Descrip tion: Consist primarily of pericarp or bran layer and germ of rice, with
minimal quantity of hulls.

Color: Off-white to light brown

Odor: Fresh, not rancid or musty

Specifications:
Mois ture ....... . . .. . .. . . . . . , ... . . . . .... .. . Ni\U 10.0%
Crude Protein . ... ......... .. . ......... . NLT 11.0%
Crude Fiber . ... . ... .. . .. ........ . .... ... Ni\.[T 6.0%
Aflatoxin . . . ... ... . . . .. .. .. ...... . ... . .... . N MT 50 ppb
T2- toxin . ... ... .. .. . .. . .... . . . . . .... , . ... . Nf'..[T 100 ppb
Zearalenone .. .. . . ........... .... . ... .... . N f'..[T 100 ppb

Remarks: High in linoleic acid; prone to rancidity. Must be free from weevils.

RICE BRAN, O2 or Kiskis

Description: This is also the pecicarp or bran layer and germ of rice, but with
higher quantity of hulls than rice bran D J .

Color: Light brown

Odor: Fresh, not rancid or musty

Specifications:
Mo isture ........... . . ... . . ............ .... . Nur 12.0%
Crude Protein .. . .... . . .. . ..... ... . . . ....... . NLT 9.0%
Crude Fiber . .... . . ... ... .. . .... . .. , ..... . . NlvIT 12.0%
.:-\.flatoxin ........... ................ .. . .... . Nf'..U 50 ppb
T2- toxin . ....... . ... ... .. .. , . . . , .... . . . . .. . Ni\.[T 100 ppb
Zearalenone . ... .. .. . . . . ... .. ... ... . ....... . Nf'..[T 100 ppb

Remarks: Must be free from weevils and foreign materials.

SCRAP NOODLES

Description: Noodles rejected for human consumption.

Color: Yellowish

22
 Classification, Description a/ld Specifications of Some Common Feed Ingredients
Odor: Odorless

Specifications:
j\foisture ........ . ... ... ... ..... . ....... , ... Nj\ lT 5.0%
Crude protein .... ......... .. . . .. . . .... . ... NLT 11.0%
Starch ............. .......... .. ...... ..... .. NLT 70.0%

Remarks: Good source o f energy.

SOYA HULLS

Description: By-product after dehulling soybeans.

Color: Brownish yellow .to dark brown

Odor: Fresh and not musty

Specifications:
j\·[oisture ........ .. ................... ...... ................. . NMT 10.0%
Crude Protein ....... ........... .................... .... . NLT 10.0%
Crude Fiber. ................ ....... ........... ... ..... ... . NMT 38.0%
T2-toxin ...... .. ............... ...... ..... .. ......... .. ... ... Nj\ IT 100 ppb
Zearaienone ......... .... ........... ..... .. .. .............. N MT 100 ppb

Remarks: Good source of energy and protein for ruminants.

WHEAT GLUTEN

Description: By-product in the manufacture of starch from wheat.

Color : Beige

Odor : No characteristic odor

Specifications:
Moisture.... .... .. ............. ... .. .. .... ...................... N1[T 10.0%
Crude Protein......................... .. ........... .. ........ NLT 75.0%
DON......... .. .......... ...... .................... .. ......... ..... Nj\iT 500 ppb

Remarks: May contain high levels of ergot.

23
Chapter I

WHEAT POLLARD

Description: By product of wheat milling. It is the portion of wheat between

the skin or the bran and endosperm. It may either be soft or hard
depending on the variety of wheat.

Color: Soft pollard - Light brown

Hard pollard - Light reddish brown

Odor: Fresh, not musty

Specifications:
Soft Hard
~foisture. . .. ... . . ...... .. ... . .. . ..
N1-ff 13.0% ................. NMT 13.0%
Crude Protein ...... .......... NLT 14.0% ................. NLT 16.0%
Crude Fiber..................... NMf 10.0% ................. NMT 11 .0%
DON..... ... ...... ... .... ........... NW 700 ppb ............... N~ff 700 ppb

Remarks: Must be free from weevils.

IV. DAIRY PRODUCTS

BUTTERMILK POWDER, Dried

Description: By-product in the production of butter.

Color: Yellowish white to cream color

Odor: Characteristic odor of sour milk

Specifications:
~-1oisture ..... . .. .. ..... ...... . .. ... .... .. NMT 1.0%
Ash .. . .. . ........ . .... ... ... .. ... ... .. ... . NMT 13.0%
Crude Protein .. .. ... .. .... ..... ....... .. NLT 30.0%
Crude Fat ... .... .. ..... .. ... ... .. . ... .... . NLT 5.0%
Saimonell a ... .... .. ........ . .. .. .. ....... . Negative

Remarks: Should not contain burnt particles; slightly acidic taste due to the
presence of lactic acid.

24
 ClassijictTtion, Description ami SpecijictTtions 0/ Some Common Feed Ingredients

LACTOSE POWDER

Description: :Milk sugar. Its sweetness is only about 1/5 of the sweetness of
ordinary sugar.

Color: White

Odor: Fresh and milky

Specifications:
Moisture ... ... ... ........ .. .. .......... . . mIT 1.0%
Lactose ... ..... . ..... ................... . . NLT 99.0%
Salmonella ......... ..... .... .. ..... ...... Negative

Remarks: Excellent source of energy for piglets.

SKIM MILK POWDER, Dried

Description: It is a product resulting from the removal of water and fats from
clean sound milk.

Color: White or cream

Odor: Fresh and milky

Specifications :
lvloisture .. . ... .... .. ...... .... .......... . NlvlT 6.0%
Protein '" .... . .. .. ... ..... , ..... . .. . ..... . NLT 33.0%
Calcium .. . ... ..... . ......... . ... .... ..... . N1IT 1.5%
Phosphorus .. ...... ..... .... .... .... ... . . NLT 0.8%
Lactose .. , ..... .. .. ... '" .. ... , ..... , .. .. . NLT 40.0%
Salmonella ... .. ......... .. ........ ... .. . Negative

Remarks: Excellent source of amino acids and lactose for baby pigs.

WHEY POWDER, SWEET

Description: It is the portion of milk which remains after most of the casein
and fat had been removed for the manufacture of cheese.

Color: White or cream

25
Chapter!

Odor: Fresh and milky

Specifications:
1Ioisture ......... ....... . ... ..... ... ... . N~IT 6.0%
Crude Protein .... . . ...... . .. ..... ..... . NLT 12.0%
Salt .... .. .... .... ....... ............ . ... . NMT 3.5%
Lactose ............ . ...... ....... .... .. . NLT 65.0%
Ash ............. . .. . . . .. . .. .. .......... . NMT 8.0%

Remarks: More often used for piglet rations as source of energy.

WHOLE MILK POWDER

Description: It is a product obtained by drying milk

Colo r: White

O dor: Fresh and milky

Specifications:
Moisture ... ...... .. ... , . .. ... ... .. ... ... . NMT 7.0%
Crude Protein .......................... . NLT 25.0%
Crude Fat .. . .... ..... . .. .. . ...... ... ... . NLT 20.0%
Calcium ........................... .. ... . . NMT 1.0%
Phosphorous . .. ...... .... . . ... .......... . NLT 1.0%
Lactose ........ . ....... . . .. . ..... ..... ... . NLT 45.0%
Salmonella .............. ...... . . ..... . . . . Negative

Remarks: Good source of energy and protein for piglets.

V. FATS AND OILS

ACIDULATED OIL or Acid Oil

Description: Acid-treated by-product in the refilling of crude coco oil.

Color: . Dark brown

Odor: Acidic but not rancid

Specifications:
Moisture.. ........ ........ ........................ NMT 5.0%

26
 Classification, Description and Specifications oj Some Common Feed Ingredients

Total free fatty acid

as Lauric.. .. .. . ... .... ......... ...... . N:MT 60.0%
as Oleic ... .......... ............ .... ... NMT 65 .0%

Remarks: Free from foreign materials; prone to rapid oxidation (rancid odor);
high levels affects physical quality and palatability of feeds.

COCONUT Oil
Description: Crude or refined oil extracted from coconut meat using solvent or
expeller process.

Color: Clear liquid, dark yellow to golden yellow

Odor: Fresh and not rancid

Specifications:
l-,·foisture............................... ..... ..... Nr-.IT 2.0%
Total free fatty acid
as Lauric............. ............ NMr 5.0%
as Oleic..... .... .................. . NMr 7.0%
Peroxide Value... ........ ... ...... ... .... .... . NMr 5.0 meq/kg
Iodine Value....................................... 8 to 109 iodine per lOOg oil
Aflatoxin..................... .... ..... .... ........ NMr 50 ppb

Remarks: Cloudy solution indicates high moisture content. Prolonged storage

leads to rancidity.

FISH Oil
Description: Oil obtained from fish cannery.

Color: Pale yellow

Odor: Fishy odor but not rancid

Specifications:
Moisture ................ . ... . . ... .. NMr 2.0%
Total free fatty acid
as Lauric . .. .... . .. .. . ... . NMT 5.0%
as Oleic ......... ......... . NMT 7.0%
Peroxide Value Nl-,IT 7.0 meq/kg

27
Chapter I

Iodine Value ...................... 110 to 120 g iodine per 100 g oil

Salmonella ..... . ..... . ... .... ... ... Negative

Remarks: Prolonged storage leads to rancidity; more often used for aqua
feeds

PALM KERNEL OIL

Description: Crude or refmed oil extracted from palm nuts using solvent or
expeller process. 1fay solidify at temperatures below 25°C.

Color: Reddish brown.

Odor: Fresh but not rancid or musty

Specifications:
Moisture .................................. .............. .. NMT 2.0%
Total free fatty acid, as Palmitic.. ... ... NMT 6.0%
Peroxide Value ... .................................. NMT 7.0 meq/kg
Iodine Value ........................................ 14 to 23g iodine per 100g oil

Remarks: Prolonged storage promotes rancidity. Cloudy solution indicates

high moisture content.

SOYBEAN OIL

Description: Crude or refmed oil extracted from soybean seeds using solvent or
expeller process.

Color: Brownish yellow

Odor: Fresh and not rancid or musty

Specifications:
110isture.... .............................................. NMT 2.0%
Total free fatty acid, as Oleic..... ........ NMT 6.0%
Peroxide Value ....... ................................ NMT 7.0 meq/kg
Iodine Value ............................................ 189 to 1959iodine per 100goil

Remarks: Prolonged storage leads to rancidity. Cloudy solution indicates

high moisture content. High in linoleic acid.

28
 CLaJsifi,'tItioll, Dmription and Spe fiji"atiofIJ of Some Commort Feed lItgredietJtJ

TALLOW

Description: By-product of the rendering process of fat from cattle, carabao

and sheep.

Color: \v'hite to off-white

Odor: Fresh and ' not ranc id or musty

Specifications:
l\loisture .. .. .............. .. .. .......................... .... Nl\lT 2.0%
Total free fatty acid, as Butyric ........... Nl\IT 5.0%
Peroxide Value .. .. .. .... .. ....... .. ....... .. .... ...... Nl\lT 7. 0 meg/kg
Iodine Value .. .. .... .... .. ................ ... ........... 38 to 54giodine per 100 gtallow

Remarks: Requires heating before mixing to the feeds; solid at room

temperatu re.

COOKING OIL, Used

Description: Residual oil after frying food products.

Color: Yellow to brown

Odor: Burnt oil smell

Specifications:
l\loisture .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... ... ... .. .. ......... .. ............. Nr- lT 2.0%
Total free fatty acid
as Lauric.. ............. ............. ... .. ..... ..... Ni\IT 20.0%
as Oleic.... .. ........ ........... ...... ...... ....... N1!T 25.0%
Perox.ide Value.. .... .............. ... .. .. .... .. ......... .... Nr-[f 7.0 meg/kg

Remarks: Prolonged storage promotes rancidity. r-Iay contain salt.

VI. RAW MATERIALS FOR GAME FOWL

COWPEA (Vigna sinensis)

Description: J'\ product obtained from drying cowpea seeds.

29
Chapter I

Colo r: Brown

Odo r: Odorless

Specifications:
J\ [ois ture ....... ...... ... ... ... ... ..... .... .. ............ ..... NMT 13.0%
Crude Protein ....... .......... .... ....... ..... ........ .. NLT 20.0%
Cmde Fiber ...... .. .......... . ....... ...... ... ...... .. . NMT 4.0%
."-flatoxin ................. ......... ...... ... ...... ... .... .. NJ\·[T 50 ppb

Remarks: \,(/hole seed used in game bird feeds . Locally called "Paayap" or
"kibal".

DUNN PEAS (Pisum sativum)

Description: Has greenish brown, wrinkled outer covering with yellow

cotyledons.

Color: Varies from light green to greenish brown

Odor: Odorless

Specification:
1\[oisture ... .. ........ ... .................. ... ..... .......... . NJ\fT 10.0%
Crude Protein .. ...... .... .... ... ......... .. ..... .. ..... . NLT 18.0%
Crude Fiber .. .. .. .... ...... ............ .. ............ ... NJ\[T 6.0%
Aflatoxin ... ... .. ... .. ... ..... ...... ..... ...... .. ... .. ... ... . Nj\[T 50 ppb

Remarks: \'<Ihole seed used in game bird feeds.

FEED PEAS (Pisum sativum)

Description: Dried peas intended for animal feed.

Color: G rayish green

Odor: Odorless

Speci fication:
J\[oisture ... ........... ......... .. .... ......... .... .. ... ... ... N f-.fT 10.0%
Cntde Protein ... .. .... ... ............. .. ........... .. ... N LT 22.0°0
Crude Fiber.. ................... .. .................. ..... . N1\fT 6.0%

30
 Classification, Deslription and Specijil"CltiottJ of Some CommotJ Feed Ingredients

Aflatoxin .... .. ... .... .... ... ......... .... ................ .. .. N~ IT 50 ppb

Remarks : Whole seed used in game bird feeds.

GREEN PEAS (Pisum sativum)

Description: Dried peas intended for animal feed .

Color: Green

O do r: Odorless

Specification:
i\[oisture ........ ........ .............. .......... .. ... ... ... .... N!-.H 10.0%
Crude Protein ....... .......... .. .............. .. ... .. ... .. NLT 23.0%
Crude Fiber ....... .... ............. ... .. .. ....... .. ...... . Nl\IT 6.0%
Aflatoxin ..... .......... ......... .......... ........ ........ .. .. NMT 50 ppb

Remarks: Whole seed used in game bird feed s.

LUPINS (Lupinus Spp.)

Description: Dried lupin seeds.

Colo r: Cream/ gray, speckled

Odor: Fresh and not musty

Specifications :
Moisture .......... .. . . .. ... . . .. . .. ..... .... . Nl\IT 10.0%
Crude Protein . ........................ .. . NLT 27.0%
Crude Fiber . .. . .. .. ....... . ............ ... Nl\ IT 12.0%
Aflatoxin ........ .. . . . . .... .. . . . . ... .. ... . Nl\ IT 50 ppb

Remarks: Whole seed used in game bird feeds .

MAPLE PEAS (Lathyrus niger)

Description: A.lso called black peas o r parched peas . Round shaped seeds,
either brown or mottled varieties with yellow cotyledons.

Color: Brown, black o r speckled

31
Chapter T

Odor: Odorless

Specifications:
j\ lois tu re
.. .. ..... ... . ... .. .............. . Ni\[T 13.0%
Crude Protein ... .. .... .... ..... . ....... .. NLT 23.0%
Crude Fiber . . . . . ... ....... ...... . . . .. ... . NMT 6.0%
Aflatoxin ....... ... .. . ........ ...... . .. ... . Nj\IT 50 ppb

Remarks: Whole seed used in game bird feeds .

MUNGBEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Description: Dried mlmgbean seeds.

Color: Green or yellow

Odor: Odorless

Specifications:
j\[oisture ................... .. ........ .. .. Ni\[T 13.0%
Crude Protein .. . ......... . .. ... -........ . NLT 20.0%
Crude Fiber .... ... ..... .. ............... . NMT 6.0%
A.flatoxin .. ......... . ............... . ... .. Ni\[T 50 ppb

Remarks: \\1hole seed used in game bird feeds.

PIGEON PEAJKadyos (Cajanus cajan)

Description: Dried whole pigeon pea seeds.

Color: Cream

Odor: Odorless

Specifications:
Moisture .. .... ...... ..... .... ... . ..... .. Ni\IT 13.0%
Crude Protein .. .. .. .. . ... .. ....... .. .. NLT 20.0%
Crude Fiber . . . .... . .... .. ..... . . .. . ... . Ni\IT 10.0%
Aflatoxin .. . ........... . .. . ........... . .. Nl\.[T 50 ppb

Remarks: \Vhole seed used in game bird feeds

32
 Classification, DeJmption and Specifit'atio1ls of Some Commol/ Feed Jltgmiietlts

RICE BEAN/Tapilan (Phaseolous calcaratus)

Description: Dried whole or ground rice bean.

Color: Cream/ ligh t brown

O d or: Odorless

Specifications:
l\.lois ture .......... . ... . . . . . . . . . .. . .... . . . Nlv£T 13.0%
Crude Prote in . . . ........ . . . .. . . ..... .... N LT 18.0%
Crude f iber . .. . . . .. ......... . ... ..... .. .. NJ\£T 8.0%
Afl ato xin ................ .. .. .. .. . ...... .. NJ\£T 50 ppb

Rem arks: Whole seed used in game bird feeds.

SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctoruis) SEED

Description: Dried safflower seeds.

Color: Off-white

O d or: f resh and nutty

Specifications:
IV[ois ture .. . ... ... . ........ . . . .......... .. . N MT 10.0%
Crude Pro tei.n . . ... .. .. ... . ..... ... . .. ... .. NLT 13.0%
Crude f at . .. ... ...... .......... .. ..... . . .. NLT 25.0%
Crude f iber ............ . ........ ...... .. .. NJ\ [T 30.0%
.\tl atoxin . . ...... . .... . .................. .. . NJ\.[T 50 ppb

Remarks: \X11ole seeds used in g ame bird feeds.

SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus) SEEDS

Description: Dried sunflower seeds. Commonl y black with white stri.pes or

plain black.

Colo r: G ray or black

Odor O do rless

33
Chapter J

Specifications:
?-.loisture .. ........ ........ ....... .... ..... .. .,.... ... ,........ . NlvlT 10.0%
Crude Protein ....... ,.. ,.....,...... .. ......... .. ........ . NLT 16.0%
Crude Fat.. ............. ... .... ........................... .. .. NLT 30.0%
Crude Fiber........... .. .. .. ,... ............... ........ ... .. N?-.lT 25.0%
}"flatoxin ...... ........ ,... ............ ... .......... .,......... . N:tvIT 50 ppb

Remarks: 'V<1hole seeds used in game bird feeds .

VETCH (Vicia sativa) SEEDS Common vetch

Description: Pillow shaped seeds with a mottled brown seed coat. \'(!hen split,
the seed colour varies from white/beige to orange, depending on
the variety.

Color: Dark brown to grayish black

Odor: Odorless

Specifications:
?-.loisture ...... ..... ............ ....... ,...... .... ..... ........ . Nl-IT 10.0%
Crude Protein ............... ...,..... ..... ............ .. .. NLT 25.0%
Crude Fiber......... ..... ... ... ......................... ... . N?-.lT 5.0%
Aflatoxin ............. .. ...... .... .............. .. ... .. ,.. ..... . NMT 50 ppb

Remarks : \\1hole seeds used in game bird feeds.

WHITE PEASNELLOW PEAS (Pisum sativum)

Description: Dried garden peas with wrinkled seed coat at maturity.

Color: Near white to yellow

Odor: Odorless

Specifications:
1 loisture ........ .. ... ... ... ........ ............. .,.. ...... ... .. NMT 12.0%
Crude Protein .. ...... .......................... ........ .. NLT 20.0%
Crude Fiber..... .. .... ...... ..... .. ...... ..... .. .. ... ...... . N?-'[T 10.0%
Aflatoxin ... ... ............... .,....,......... ........... .... ... NlIT 50 ppb

Remarks: \v'hole seeds used in game bird feeds.

34
 Cia'[stficatiotl. Desctiption and Specifications if Some Common Feed Ingredients

SOME COMMON RAW MATERIALS FOR GAME FOWL

Barley Oats

Sorghum Wheat

Black beans Dunn peas

35
Chapter I

Green peas Green tapilan

Lupin (speckled) Maple peas

Safflowe r seeds Sunflower seeds

36
ClossifiCtitiofl, Descriptioll alld Sper!/icatiolls 0/ \ "me C.OtJIfIJOI1 reed Illgrediellts

Vetch seeds

37
Chapter I

VII. FEED SUPPLEMENTS AND ADDITIVES

A. MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS

1. MACRO MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS

a. Calcium and Phosphorous Sources

BONE MEAL, Steamed

Description: By-product of meat processing. Composed of bones sterilized by

cooking with steam under pressure, dried, and ground.

Color: Light tan to gray

Odor: Cooked meat and bones

Specifications:
flloisture ..... .. ........ ... ............. ..... ...... ... ......... . Nt--..IT 10.0%
Calcium. ....... ............ .... ........ .......... ....... ..... .. NMT 30.0%
Phosphorus ................. .. ...... ........ ........... .... . NLT 12.0%
Salmonella .. ...................... .. ....... .. .............. .. Negative

Remarks: Good calcium and phosphorus source.

DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE, or Dicaphos

Description: Dicalcium phosphate is a calcium salt of phosphoric ac id. It is

made by add ing calcium compounds to phosphoric acid at high
temp era ture (> 600°C), thus, precipitating the dicalcium
phosphate .

Color: Beige to light gray

Odor: No characteristic odor

Specifications:
Calcium. .... ......... ..... .... ... ................... ............ . NflIT 24.0%
Phosphorus .... ........... ..... ..... ..... ... ... ..... .. ........ NLT 18.00, /0
Flourine ..... ..... .......... .. .... ... ... ...... .. .............. ... Nr-.. IT 0.20%

Remarks: Good source of calcium and phosphorus.

38
 Classification, Description and Specifications of Some Commoll Feed Ingredients

MONODICALCIUM PHOSPHATE, or Monodical

Description: Monodical is a blend of dicalcium phosphate and monocalcium

phosphate

Color: Beige to light gray

Odor: No characteristic odor

Specifications:
Calcium .. ....... .... ....... ... .......... .................. .... .. NMT 17.0%
Phosphorus ......... ...... .............. .. ....... ....... .. .. . NLT 21.0%
Flourine ................... ..................... .... ... ......... . Nt-·fT 0.15%

Remarks: Good source of calcium and available phosphorus.

TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE, or Tricaphos

Description: Product obtained by heating rock phosphate deposits.

Color: Varies from grayish tan to brownish red

Odor: No characteristic odor

Specifications:
Calciwn . ......... .......................... .... .. ... .. ... .. N j\ fT 28.0%
Phosphorus .. ................... .. ....... ...... ........... .. NLT 12.0%
Rourine ........................... ........... ........... .. ... NMT 0.20%

Remarks: May contain trace amounts of heavy metals; should be free from
foreign materials.

h. Calcium Sources

LIMESTONE

Description: Also knownas calciwn carbonate (CaCOJ. Available in fine powder

or coarse gnts.

Color: Grayish white to off-white

Odor: No characteristic odor

39
Chapter I

Specifications:
Calcium ....... .... ...... ........... ........... .. ........ .... ... NLT 38.0%
pH .................................................... ............... NMT 9.0%
~ [agnesium. ... ... ........................ .... .... ....... .. .. . N~[T 2.5%

Remarks: Should be free from foreign materials.

OYSTER SHELL

Description: Obtained by drying and grinding oyster shells.

Color: Off-white to grayish black

Odor: Fishy odor

Speci fications:
l\.loisture ............... .. .............. .. .... ........ .. ........ . N MT 5.0%
Calcium .............. ...... ...... .... .. .. ...... .. ........... .. . NLT 30.0%
Salmonella ...... ...... ..... ...... ..... ... .. ..... .... ... .. .. .... Negative

Remarks : Commonly used for top dressing or as a free choice of calcium.

c. Sodium and Chlorine Sources

SALT (NaCI)
Description: Granular crystals or fine powder, commonly known as table salt.

Color: \Vhite to off-white

Odor: No charactenstic odor

Specifications:
~[oisture ...... .. ...... ..... ... .............. .... ............ .... NMT 5.0%
Sodium ........ ................. ........ .. ... .. .. .. ....... ..... NLT 37.0%
Chlorine .. ........................ ..... ...... ........ .......... NLT 58.0%

Remarks: Should be free from lumps and/or foreign materials.

40
 Ciassijiwtion, Desmptiol1 and Specijications of Some Common Feed Ingredients

IODIZED SALT
Description: Granular crystals or fine powder with iodine.
Color: White
Od or: No characteristic odor
Specifications:
Moisture ... ..................................................... . NMT 3.0%
Sodium ............................................. .... ......... . NLT 37 .0%
Chlorine .... .. .................................... .. ... ... .... .. . NLT 58.0%
Iodine ..... ......... ................ ..... ... ........ .... ... ... .. .. . N LT 0.007%

Remarks: Should be free from lumps and/or foreign materials.

2. TRACE MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS

Table 1. Sources of Trace Minerals.

Trace Sources Purity Content of pure Color

Minerals element (%)

1. Cobal t (Co) Cobalt carbonate - 49.6 Red

(CoCOJ

Cobalt sulfate, monohydrate 98-99 34.1 Strong

(CoS0 4• H 2 O) pink

Cobalt sulfate, heptahydrate 98-99 21.0 Orange

(CoSO; 7H 2O)

2. Copper (Cu) Copper carbonate - 51.4 Green to

(CuCOJ blue

Copper chloride, dihydrate - 37.3 Blue

(CuCI; 2H 2O)

Copper hydroxide - 65.1 Light Blue

(Cu [OH]J

Copper oxide (CuO) 78-79 79.9 Black

41
Chapter I
Table 1 continued ...

Trace Sources Purity Content of pure Color

Minerals element (%)

Copper SuI fate,pentahydrate 98-100 25.4 Dark Blue

(CuSO;5HP)

Copper Sulfate, heptahydrate 98-100 22.2 Sky Blue

(CuSO; 7H2O)

3. Iodine (I) Calciwn Iodate 99 65.1 \Xlhite

(Ca [I0JJ crys tall ine
powder

Potassium iodide (KI) 99-100 76.4 White

crystals

Cuprous iodide (CuI) - 66.6 -

Pentacalcium - 39.3 -
orthoperiodate
(Cas[I°JJ

4. Iron (Fe) Ferrous carbonate - 48.2 Greenish

(FeCOJ gray

Ferrous Oxide (FeO) - 77.7 Jet-black

Ferrous sulfate (FeSOJ 98 36.7 White to

yellow

Ferrous suI fate, monohydrate 95-98 32.9 White to

(FeSO:H2 O) ye llow

Ferrous sulfate, heptahydrate 92-97 20.1 Lghtgreen

(FeSO~ 7HP)

5. 1 [anganese 1 [anganese carbonate - 47.8 Pink

(1 In) (MnCOJ

42
 Cfassijit'(]tion, Desmption alld Specifications of Some Common Feed JIIgredieJIts
Table 1 continued ...

Trace Sources Purity Content of pure Color

Minerals element (%)

J\ faoganese chloride, - 38.2 Reddish

monohydrate
(J\fnCl; H 2 O)

J\Ianganous oxide 81 77.4 Brownish-

(J\fnO) black

J\Ianganese sulfate, 95-98 22.8 Light pinl(

pentahydrate
(J\fnSO 4" 5H 2 O)

J\Ianganous sulfate, 99 32.5 Light pinl{

monohydrate
(J\fnSO 4" H 2 O)

6. Selenium (Se) Sodium selenite 99-100 45.6 \'<!hite

(Na2SeO)

Sodium selenate - 41.8 \X,'hite

(Na2SeOJ

7. Zinc (Zn) Zinc carbonate (ZnCO J - 52.1 -

Zinc chloride (ZnClJ - 48.0 \Vhite

Zinc oxide (ZnO) 98-99 80.3 ChaJky

white

Zinc sulfate, heptahydrate 90-95 22.7 \'<-'hite

(ZnS0 4"7H 2 O)

Zinc sulfate, monohydrate 95-98 36.4 \'\!hite

(ZnSO 4" H 2 O)

43
Chapter J

B. VITAMIN SI JPPLEMENTS

Table 2. Description and activity of commercial vitamin products.

Vitamin Sources Description* Activity

Vitamin A. Vitamin A. 1000 Orange brown to gray free- 1,000,000 r.U/gram

flowing coated beadlets

Vitamin A 500 Pale yellow to brownish free- 500,000 LU/gram

flowing spray-dried powder;
dispersible in water

Vitamin D, Vitamin D, 500 Cream to brownish, 500,000 LU./gram

fme spray-dried powder

Vitamin .;-i ll, Vitamin AD, Orange brown to gray free- Vitamin}~ =
1000/200 flowing coated beadlets; 1,000,000 I.U /gram
contains both vitamin A and D 3 Vitamin D 3 =
200,000 LU'/gram

Vitamin E Vitamin E 50 White to yellowish granular 500 mg dl-a-tocopheryl

;\dsorbate powder acetate per gram

Vitamin E 50 \Vh.ite to brownish spray-dried, 500 mg dl-a-tocopheryl

spray-dried coated fi.-ee-flowing fme powder acetate per gram

Vitamin r(, l\·(enadione White to brownish, slightly 51.5 % menadione

sodium bisulfite hygroscopic powder; soluble (as is)
in water

l\ (enadione \\lhite to brownish powder; 43% menadione and

nicotinamide sparingly soluble in water 31 % nicotinamide
bisulfite

Vitamin B) Thiamine White to yellowish fme 92% thiamine

mononitrate granular powder; sparingly
soluble in water

Thiamine \\lhite fme powder; soluble 89% thiamine

hydrochloride in water

Vitamin B2 Vitamin B2 80 Yellow-orange to orange-brown 80% riboflavin

spray-dried spray-dried powder; dispersible
in water

44
 CLassification, Desmptioll and SpecijialtionJ oj Some Common Feed Ingredients

Table 2 continued ...

Vitamin Sources Description'" Activity

Vitamin BG Pyridoxine \Xihite to yellowish fme, free- 82% pyridoxine

hyd rochloride flowing powder

Vitamin BI2 Vitamin Bl2 1% Fine, reddish-brown powder 9 to 11 mg B12

per gram

Niacin Niacin Cryst:a.lline, free-flowing white 99.5%

to slightly yellowish powder

Pantothenic Calcium D- \Xlhite to off-white, free flowing 92%

acid pantothenate crystalline or spray-dried powder

Biotin Biotin 2% \,('hite to cream white, very fme, 2%

free flowing powder

Biotin 10% Off-white to slightly yellowish, 10%

free-flowing spray-dried powder

Folic acid Folic acid 95% Yellow to yellow-orange powder 95%

Folic acid 80% Yellowish to brownish free-

spray-dried flowing spray-dried powder 80%

Vitamin C Coated vitamin \Xlhite to slightly yellowish powder 97%

C coated with ethylcellulose

Phosphorylated Beige, spray-dried powder 35%

vitamin C

"'Color varies depending on the manufacturer. For detailed description of product fOnTIs, please refer
to Chapter 11.

C. AMINO ACID SUPPLEMENTS

DL-METHIONINE
Descriptio?: It is a synthetic form of methionine.

Forms and Color: DL methionine - white to slightly yellowish/crystal powder

Methionine hydro}.:yl analogue (1IJ-L\) liquid-slightly brown
J\[ethionine hydroxyl analogue (1lJ-lA) powder-slightly brown

Odor Typical odor, somewhat like organic sulfur compounds

45
Chapter J

Speci fications:
Purity as DL- methionine ........................ . N LT 98.0%
as ~fH:\ liquid /powder... ..... .. ..... . N LT 85.0%

L-LYSINE

Description : I t is a synthetic form of lysine.

Forms and Color: L-Iysine - dirty white o r cream

L-Iysine hydrochloride - dirty white or cream
L-Iysine sulfate - cream to light brown

Odor: Odo rless

Specifications:
Purity as L-Iysine ........... ............. ...... .. ... ..... N LT 99.0%
as L-Iysine hydrochloride.. ........... NLT 98.0%
as L-Iysine su lfate .. .. ...... ...... .... NLT 87 .0%

L-THREONINE

Description: This is synthetic amino acid produced by fermentation.

Forms and Color: L-threonine - off-white

Odor: Odorless

Specifications:
Purity as L-threonine .... .. .. ..... .... .. ...... .. NLT 98.0%

L-TRYPTOPHAN

Description: L-tcyptophan is also a synthetic amino acid produced by

fermentation.

Forms and Color: L-trypthophan - off-white

Odor: Odorless

Specifications:
Purity as L- tryptophan.. .. ..... .............. .. N LT 99 .0%

46
 Ciassiji{ation, Des,ription and Specifi''[Itions of Some Common Feed Ingredients

D. FEED ADDITIVES

ACIDIFYING AGENTS (ACIDIFIERS) - Chemical products added to the

feed to decrease the pH in the stomach, improving digestion and .nodulating
the microflora in the gastro intestinal (GI) tract.

A["THELMENTICS (DEWORMERS) - Drugs used to rid animals of internal

parasites.

ANTI·CAKING AGENTS - Chemical products used to prevent formation of

lumps.

ANTIBIOTICS - Chemicals produced by microbial fermentation or chemical

synthesis, which possess bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal properties when added
to the feed at subtherapeutic and therapeutic levels.

ANTI·MALARIALS - Chemical products used in the prevention and treatment

of malaria.

ANTI MOLDS (MOLD INHIBITORS) - Chemical preservatives added to the

feeds and raw materials to prevent mold development.

ANTIOXIDANTS - Chemical products used to prevent rancidity in feeds and

raw materials; protect the polyunsaturated fatty acids and the fat-soluble
vitamins from destruction by peroxidation.

COCCIDIOSTATS - Chemical products added to the feed to prevent and control

coccidiosis.

ENZYMES - Chemical products which are added to the feed to improve nutrient
digestibility.

FLAVORINGS/SWEETENERS - Chemical agents added to the feed to

improve flavor.

47
Chapter I

HORMONES - Substances used to alter metaboitsm in the body.

IMMUNO - ENHANCER - Natural compounds that activates or pnme the innate

immune system.

NUTRITIONAL METABOLITE - Molecules that are intermediate products

of metabolism which are involved in normal growth, development,
and reproduction.

PELLET BINDERS - Used to improve pellet durability

PIGMENTERS - Used to enhance yolk color and skin pigmentation.

PREBIOTICS - Non-digestible substances used to Improve the gut environment

for beneficial bacteria.

PROBIOTICS - Live microbial feed additive tl1ttt beneficially affects the host
animal by improving its intestInal microbial balance.

SURFACTANTS - Chemical agents that facilttate uniform dispersion of

molecules in viscous liquid raw materials.

TOXIN BINDERS - Chemical compounds which can bind or ttd sorb toxins in
feeds.

48
 Classification, Description and SpecificationJ of Some Common Feed blgredientJ
REFERENCES

_\jinomoto. TlUe digej/ibility rf essential amino adds infeedsttgpfo7'poul17y.

_\ssociation of Official _\nalytical Chemists. 2002. Offidal metbods rf analYsis. 17'h ed.
Suite 400, 2200 Wilson Boulevard, .\rlington Virginia, US_-\.

Bates, Lynn S., et. al. 1995. Aquaculture feed microscopy manual. ,-\merican Soybean
.-\ssociation.

Cullison, .-\rthur E. 1979. Feedr andfeeding. Preston Publishing Company Inc ..-\ Prentice
Hall Company, Reston, Virginia. p595.

Feedstt!/fi Refmnce ISJue. 1997. 191 S. Gary <-\ve. Carol Stream III.

Hodgman, CD., R. C Weast _-\nd W :\1. Selbey. 1959. Handbook of (bemistJ] and
p~ysics. 41 51 ed. Cleveland: Chemical Rubber Publishing Co.

Khajarern, J. and S. Khajarern. 1987. Manual 0/ feed mimmvpy and quality .vntrv!' 2nd ed.
_-\merican Soybean . :\ssociation, National Renderers ;\ssociate, and US Feed
Grains Council.

Khajarern, J. and S. Khajarern. 1999. Manual 0/ feed miavscopy and quality contlV! 3rd ed .
•-\merican Soybean .-\ssociation, US Feed Grains Council, and United Soybean
Board.

Lopez, P. L. 1989. .-\dditives in livestock and poultry feeding. Paper presented at

the Symposium on .-\nimal Nutrition and Economic Impact of Feed Saving,
.-\ugust 9, Manila Peninsula Hotel, :\Iakati City: Ciba-Geigy (Philippines),
Inc.

PC-\RRD. 2000. The Philippines recommends fol ' liZ'e.ftock feed formulation. Rev. ed. Los
Banos, Laguna: Livestock Feed Formulation Committee. Philippine Council
for _-\griculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development
(pC-\RRD). Technical Bulletin Series No. 64-_-\:210.

Pfost, Harry B .. (Technical Editor). 1976. Feed manufadUiing technology. Virginia:

_-\merican Feed l\Ianufacturer's ;\.ssociation, Inc. pp 249-296.

Rhone Poulenc. 1989. Animal nutrition guide. Feed formulation JJ'itb digestible amino adds.
l't ed.

49
Chapter I

Roche. 1976. Vitamin ~·ompendium. Vitamins and Chemicals Departmen t. Ltd. Bas le,
Switzerland: Hoffmann-La Roche & Co.

Takeda. 1988. Vitamin hod14ds Data. 3 rd ed. Osaka/Tokyo, Japan: Takeda Chemical
Industries, Ltd. Fine Chemicals Division.

Tave rner, i\Iike. 1989. Providing amino acids for lean meat production. Paper presented
at the PHILS.-\N Seminar, October 21. Manila Garden, ?-.Iakati City.

50
 CHAPTER II

NUTRIENT COMPOSITION AND

USAGE LIMITATIONS OF COMMON
FEED INGREDIENTS

THE EVOLUTION OF feed formulation as an art and as a sCIence has

challenged nutritionists, formulators, quality control practitioners, as well as purchasers ·
of raw materials. Variations in quality, supply, origin and fluctuating prices of feed
ingredients challenge us to search for innovative ways to cope up with these dynamic
changes.

Scientists and nutritionists of breeder companies had made major breakthroughs

in improving the animal performance as well as the nutrient requirements. Genetic
improvements and cOlTesponding nutrient requirements have to be complemented by
.1 solid database of raw materials to allow the nutritionist to formulate diets that

maximize the animal's potential. Likewise, majo rity, if not all nutritionists, currently
formulate diets based on available amino acid requirements of th e animal. The task
<)f putting together a comprehensive and accurate database has been quite a challenge.
PHILS~-\N is confident to claim that this 4th edition is a collation of about S-year
record of raw materials analyses, which were carefully evaluated and processed to
provide the nutritionist with more reliable values compared to its previous edition .

It has been a common practice that the nutrient specifications being used are
results of actual analyses from reputable laboratories in the Philippines ..\nd, whenever
necessary some published data from equally reputable references are also being used.
Ingredients used in formulating aqua and game fowl diets have also been expanded
:lithough there are still some nutrient profiles that remain to be determined, especially
rhose for game fowls.
51
Chapter TI

The data on amino acid compOSitIOn were derived from linear regression
equations based on the actual average proximate composition of the ingredients. The
true ileal available amino acid specifications of the ingredients both for swine and
poultry were derived from the proximate composition and the protein solubility of
the ingredients where they maybe required. Some of the figures \-vere not changed due
to unavailability of the requisite analyses. Data on metabolizable energy (ME), on
the other hand, were based on book values and regression equation.

This revised edition has an expanded datebase on the milk products (i.e., addition
of lactose content) and the differen t animal protein sources. Wheat is classified based
on country of origin and includes the corresponding starch content. Likewise, the
soybean meal database was expanded to allow users the flexibility by matching the
actual analysis with the proximate composition provided in this book.

_-\lthough there is a thorough description in Chapter 1, the authors decided to

retain the data presentation on the mineral composition, linoleic acid, and choline
levels of some of the ingredients, including the nutrient profile of micro-minerals,
vitamins, and updated the amino acid database to make it user-friendly. There were
also slight modifications on the recommended ma.\:imum inclusion rates of various
raw materials for different species of livestock. Conversely, there was no modification
made in the raw material database for ruminants.

52
 Table 3. Nutrient composition of common feed ingredients (as fed basis):

Feed ingredient Dry Crude Crude Crude Ash Starch ME, KcaJ/kg TDN
matter protein fat fiber % % %
% Poultry Swine
% % %

I. ENERGY SOURCES

Banana meal, peeled 90.00 5.40 1.10 3.50 5.20 70.00 2600 2600 69.20
3100 3550
~
Barley 89.65 9.23 3.14 6.52 1.74 56.80 2620 2870 70.00 ~
~.
2760 2940 i:!
[l
Cassava, residue 89.60 2.20 0.90 12.30 5.30 56.00 70.94 ~
01 2176 2665 ""iO:t~.
(..) "".
::;

Cassava meal 90.0 3.80 0.40 1.10 1.20 59.00 2400 2800 74.53 ~
"'-
3194 3350 s::
I::i
[),,,,

'"t-<
Com, cooked 91.59 6.85 0.76 0.73 0.49 83.00 81.40 ~.
3688 3970 ~.
"-
~ .

""
::;
<.,
Com, yellow (imported) 90.00 8.60 3.40 1.60 1.20 62.00 80.68
3500 3680 ~
[l
~
~
Com, yellow (local) 89.29 8.05 3.94 2.44 1.42 71.00 3300 3350 80.00 ""::;
3359 3687 :J1
'"
"'-
Oat, jockey 90.00 12.00 2.70 4.50 2.30 44.00 68.52 ~
~
2895 3400 ~
",.
;,;
*Figures ill bold llumbers ne computed b ~se d 011 regression eq\l~tioll. ~
 Table 3 continued ... Q
~
~
Feed ingredient Dry Crude Crude Crude Ash Starch ME, KcalLkg TDN !::::1
matter protein fat fiber % % %
% Poultry Swine
% % %

Oat, meal 92.45 1l.38 7.56 3.06 1.83 62.00 69.55

3271 4152

Oat, undehulled 91.18 9.67 5.16 12.36 2.38 60.00 62.8 8

2811 3005

Rice, broken 88.00 7.50 0.90 3.80 0.70 58.00 3100 3080 77.50
3265 3550

CJI Rice, cooked (imported) 90.00 9.00 4.00 1.00 3.00 70.00
~
3380 3800

Rice, paddy 89.00 7.30 1.20 9.00 4.90 50.00 2670 2360 71 .20
2340 2735

Sorghum 88.00 9.00 2.70 2.20 1.80 62.00 3300 3250 77.40
3340 3500

Sugar, brown 95.00 3620 90.00

3620 3800

Wheat flour, feed grade 88.85 14.42 0.73 1.00 0.69 85.00 3115 3665 88.00
3402 4002

Wheat, Brazilian 89.41 13.00 1.48 2.40 1.54 73.00 3080 3200 82 .30
3175 3750
*Figures in bo ld numbers ~re computed based on regress ion e quation .
 'I'ahl(' J ('OIlIIlIlU"I.. .

Feed ingredient Ory Crude Crude Crude Ash Starch ME, Kcallkg TDN
matter protein fat fiber % % %
% Poultry Swine
% % %

Wheat, Chinese 89.16 12.94 J AI 2.27 1.87 64.50 3080 3200 76.88
3186 3503

Wheat, Danish 88.69 9.96 1.62 2.81 1.34 74.50 3080 3200 77.76
3106 3543
<
;;.
;::j
Wheat, Russian 90.74 12.00 1.50 . 2.88 1.80 73.00 3080 3200 78.70 ",-

3586 ;::..
3141
0
3080 3200 ~
Wheat, Ukraine 90.80 11.27 1.68 2.73 1.65 73.00 79.23 ~
U1 3173 3610 ~:
U1 ;::

~
Wheat, US milling 791.1 0 11 .75 1.50 2.36 1.38 74.50 3080 3200 79.89 "'-
3248 3640 S
~
'"
II. PROTEIN SOURCES
~~.
A, Animal and Marine Protein Sources ~
~.
;::
<-,

Blood meal, drum dried 80.00 0.50 5.00 63.47 ~

90.00 1.00
3065 2850 0
~
::!
Blood meal, spray dried
'"
;::
97.00 90.00 2.00 0.50 4.50 69.71 :JJ
3255 3130
'"
"'-
-.
~
~
Egg powder, whole, 93.50 46.00 33 .00 0.10 6.00 "-
;,;.
4485 5845 ;::
spray dried 1::;

*Figures in bold number> ~ re compured based 011 regressioll equMion.

 ,....,
Table 3 continued ... "=-
~

Feed ingredient Dry Crude Crude Crude Ash Starch ME, Kcal/kg TDN -...,
-...,
matter protein fat fiber % % %
% Poultry Swine
% % %

Fish meal, Chilean 89.00 64.50 8AO 0.50 15.30 2800 2500 79.60
3050 3430

Fish meal, Japanese red 93.00 68.50 SAO OAO 18.50 67.00
2870 3180

Fish meal, local sardines (50%) 87.70 49AO 1460 1.00 20 .70 2500 2 150
2815 3650

CJI Fish meal, local tuna (55%) 96.60 54.60 17.60 0.35 18A9
en 3093 4039

Fish meal, local tuna (60%) 92.69 59.19 13.28 0.57 17.98
3137 3838

Fish meal, Menhaden 92.11 64.18 9.22 0.55 18.14 2700 2350
3010 3490

Fish meal, Peruvian 90.19 63.51 8.60 0.68 17.12 2700 2350 77.10
2979 3397

Fish meal, prime 93.9 68.00 7.90 0. 10 14.30

3170 3560

Fishmeal, salmon 91.59 65.29 9.64 0.59 14A9

3196 3622
" Figll[es ill bold numbers ~[e complIt('d b~sed 01.1 r('gr('s<ioll C'qllalioll.
 Table 3 continued ...

Feed ingredient Dry Crude Crude Crude Ash Starch ME, KcalLkg IDN
matter protein fat fiber % % %
% Poultry Swine
% % %

Fishmeal, white 94.70 70.40 17.00 0.30 7.00

4125 4679

Meat and bone meal (50 %) 94.00 50.00 10.00 1.70 27.60 2000 1820 65.00
2390 2750 >-:
..,
'"
i;l.
;:;
.,.,.
Plasma Protein 92.65 78.23 0.53 0.46 7.93 74.00
3175 3850 [1
~
~
~.
(J1 Poultry by-product meal 94.00 50.00 16.50 2.50 18.00 2860 2740 74.00 ;::,..
~

....... 3510 ::;

3050
~
"'-
Poultry meal, Pet food grade 94.49 66.00 10.28 0.83 17.35 c::
3610 3360 ~
'"
r--.
~.
Poultry meal, feed grade 96.50 61.00 11.40 1.90 16.70 ;:;,.

3560 3315 '"

""
~.
;:,
~.

~
Pork meal, 45% 95.50 44.85 3.80 1.83 33.79 [1
1678 1928
~
'"
::;

Pork meal, 50% 95.'/1 49.50 4.09 1.32 32.71 :JJ

2118 '"
"'-
1868
~
~
~
Pork meal, 55% 95.79 55.09 5.64 2.10 29.14 ft
;:;
22~1 2479 ~
"Figures ill bold lllunbers are computed based Oil regressioll cqunl ioll
 Table 3 continued ... Q
~
~
Feed ingredient Dry Crude Crude Crude Ash Starch ME, Kcal/kg TDN ===1
matter protein fat fiber % % %
% Poultry Swine
% % %

Pork meal, 60% 96.17 60.41 10.13 1.24 22.24

2755 2793

Pork meal, 65% 96.30 64.98 11.19 0.86 19.05

2990 2929

Shrimp meal, shell 90.0 39.90 4.00 14.20 26.80

1560 2080

(II Shrimp meal, head 92.0 46.50 3.70 13.70 \9.80

00 2365
1985

B. Plant Protein Sources

Black beans 90.30 39.50 1.50 11.60 6.00

2275 2540

Canolameal 90.00 35.50 1.50 9.00 7.30 1900 2900 70.00

1940 2330

Feed peas 89.80 22.30 1.30 5.20 3.20 46.00 2600 3200
2725 3200

Cow pea 88.00 21.50 1.20 3.20 3.20

2630 2820
~ Figures in bold nllmbers are computed based Oil regression equation.
 Table 3 COlllllllll'd ...

Feed ingredient Dry Crude Crude Crude Ash Starch ME, Kcal/kg TON
matter protein fat fiber % % %
% Poultry Swine
% % %

Green peas 92.70 21.40 1.21 1.79 2.6 1 70.11 60 .30

1930 2950

Indian rapeseed 88.70 3700 160 9.10 9.50

1907 2228
Ipil- ipi I leaf meal 90 .00 20.00 -lAO 10.30 7. 0 '00 1400
1775 2465 ?
~
Lupins, dehulled 92.00 36.00 ,'.XO 4 .70 2 .80 ~.
~
.....
3050 3265
"-
l.upins. speckled 93 20 2 '. 10 _- ' 0 I I.RO ::! .65
2 70 "
2761 3017
CJ1 '"""
:::-
<0 Lupins, sweet 91.60 30.20 n.l0 1640 4.30
'"
;::;
2 20 2800
~
::...
Maple peas 89.84 2 1.09 1.53 6.63 3.50
1915 2865 .;;:
"'".,.
Mungbean 88.56 24 .77 1.L 4.32 3.70

Pigeon pea 88. 00 22.50 I .(10 8.00 4.70

2630 2745
-.~
2495 2610
Rapeseed mt:al Chi nese 90.50 34.00 ~.30 9.50 7.00 17 ~~ 70 (' (io.3<
1945 23 70
Rapeseed meal, Indian 88.70 37.00 1.60 9.10 9.50
1907 2221l '-rJ
~
Rice bean (tapi Ian) 89. 10 18.60 1.20 1'1.50 3.90
625 2695 ~
-
Soybean meal , Argentine 91.52 47.00 1.60 3. 10 6AO 25CO 2950 ~
", '
;,;
2475 2886 ~

'Figures in bold lllunbers are computed b~sed O il regressiou e <J u~l iou.
 Table 3 continued ...
9
Feed ingredient Dry
matter
elUde Crude Crude Ash Starch ME, Kca!&g T.l)N 1
~
protein fat fiber % % %
% Poultry Swine
% % %

Soybean meal, 90.72 47 .65 1.23 3.43 6.60 4.00 2500 2950 75.00
US High protein, I 2355 2870

Soybean meal, 91.29 46.74 1.29 3.5 6.47 4.00 2240 2850 74.76
US High protein, 2 2435 2861

Soybean meal, 90.00 43 .10 1.80 5.00 6.40 5.50 2240 2850 70.16
US low protein 2320 2685

Soybean meal, 89.40 42.70 1.50 6.30 · 6.40 4.00 2200 2800 67 .94
China low protein 2230 2600

Soybean, Indian (dehulled) 91.84 52.52 1.07 3.79 7.00 5.00 2400 2900 73.69
en 2375 2820
0
Soybean, Indian (undehulled) 89.70 47.30 1.10 5.50 6.90 5.00 2240 2850 71.73
2285 2745

Soybean, Brazilian high 89.00 46.60 1.90 3.70 6.10 5.50 2400 2900 74 .79
protein 2439 2999

Soybean, full fat 90.27 35.72 17.93 6.26 4.69 4.00 3300 3540
3133 3984

Safflower seeds 93.50 15.00 29.40 28.50 2.60

3160 3355

Sunflower seeds 93 .92 18.10 31.85 24.49 3.50

3985

Vetch seeds 90.09 25 .09 0.78 4.24 2.70 65.49

2620 2770

White peas 90.00 28.00 5.50 13.00 3.00 64.00

2610 2725
* F~tres ill bold llumbers are computed based 011 regression equ~ tioll.
 'Table 3 continued ...

Feed ingredient Dry Crude Crude Crude Ash Starch ME, Kcal/kg TDN
matter protein fat fiber % % %
% Poultry Swine
% % %

C. Non-protein Nitrogen
Urea 98 .00 281.75

III. MILLING AND FACTORY BY-PRODUCTS <

~

~.
"'-
Bakery by-products 92.80 11.10 9.60 2.00 1.60 36.00 90.00 Q
3050 3800
~
en Brewer 's dried spent grain 91 .70 23 .50 6.80 15.80 4.20 2510 2240 80.00
'"
~
:::t:
~
2300 2080 '"
;::j

§
1::1..
Brewer's dried yep.st 93.00 45.00 1.00 3.00
2515 2850 S
~
'"
Copra meal, expeller 96.20 21.00 10.51 8.761 6. 13 1800 2850 82 . 10 t-'
2119 2970 ~:
!:i
:::to
Com bran 88 .60 9.00 8.50 7.00 3.20 40.00 1400 2600 74.80 '"~
3200 3250 ~

Com germ meal, 90.00 12.50 6.50 10.00 3.80 20.00 2300 2600 80.60
Q
expeller, dry 2590 2735 ~
'"
;::j

Com genn meal, solvent, wet 93.00 20.10 1.30 10.50 3.40 20.00 1700 2900 74.00 ~
'"
1::1..
2180 2850
~
(Ii;

1700 2330 ~
Com gluten fe~d 94.75 18.28 2.73 10.48 5.61 21.00 82.10
2026 2607 ~
:.
t;
Figures ill bold numbers are computed based 011 regression equatio11.
 Table 3 continued ... Q
~
Feed ingredient Dry Crude Crude Crude Ash Starch ME. KcaIlkg TON ~
'-;
'-;
matter protein fat fiber % % %
% Poultry Swine
% % %

Com gluten meal 90.50 60.00 2.00 2.50 1.80 13.00 3690 3530 59.30
3590 3345

Distillers dried grain 90. 18 26 .00 10.02 8.73 4.38

solubles (DDGS) 2688 3350

Molasses 75.00 2.90 8.8 1960 2330 54.84

2350 2455

Palm kernel meal 88.00 19.00 6.00 10.00 3.60 1.00 77.70
1665 2500
C7>
....., Rice bran, D I 9140 12.14 13 .79 5.27 6.89 28.00 2400 3000 77.16
2988 3752

RIce bran, D2 89.00 10.00 9.90 10.20 7.20 20.00 1600 2600 73.14
2340 2910

Rice bran, defatted 92.30 20.10 3.20 7.30 13.80 25.00 75.50
2220 2590

Soy hulls 92 .00 8.00 0.70 36.40 4.30 48.20

515 1810

Spaghetti trimm ings 90.00 14.20 0.10 0. 18 0.55 70.00 60.90

3675 3800

Wheat pollard, hard 88.90 17. 19 3.54 8.58 4.74 28.00 1300 2130 62.50
2044 2638

Wheat pollard, soft 90.10 15.41 2.99 8.63 4.25 30.00

2081 2674
*Figures in bold lI\unbers are computed based on regre ssioll equation.
 Table 3 continued ...

Feed ingredient Dry Crude Crude Crude Ash Starch ME, Kcallkg IDN
matter protein fat fiber % % %
% Poultry Swine
% % %

IV. DAIRY/SOY PRODUCTS

Buttermilk powder, dried 89.00 32.00 5.00 0.30 10.00

2170 3000

Lactose powder 99.50 0.40 0.20 0.20 84.00 ~

2880 3950
...,~.
Milk replacer 1 94.83 40.35 1.57 2.59 8.00 25.23 ~
2424 3091 ~
en ""
;;.
w Milk replacer 2 96.36 26.76 3.37 1.36 7.22 44.50 <;'
;oj
2472 3365 §
"'-
Skirnmilk powder, dried 94.20 33.50 0.50 8.00 3400 S
2510 3220 0%
'"
Soy protein concentrate 94.00 65.00 1.00 4.00 6.00 16.50
3150
~
~.
~.
;oj
Sweet whey powder 96.92 11.90 0.85 0.65 8.13 72.70 1910 3100 <-,

2556 3256 ~
~
Whole milk powder 96.50 25.00 26.00 0.10 6.00
1900 4870
~
""
;oj

~
~
~
~
~
;oj
*Figures in bold numbers are computed based on regression equation. 1::;
 Table 3 continued ... Q
~
~
Feed ingredient Dry Crude Crude Crude Ash Starch ME, KcalLkg TDN :::::
matter protein fat fiber % % %
% Poultry Swine
% % %

V. FATS AND- OILS

Acidulated oil (Acid oil) 98.00 98.00 7600 7600

Canola oil 99.00 99.00 7900

8000 8000

Coconut oil 99.00 99.00 8600

8000 8000
en 99.00 99.00
~ Cornoii
7800 8000

Fish oil 99.00 99 .00 8000 7900

8000 7800

Palm kernel oil 99 .00 99.00 8000 7800

7800 8000

Soybean oil 99.00 99.00 8600 8000

7800 8000

Tallow 98.00 98.00 7800 7800

7700 7900

*Figures in bold numbers are computed based on regression equation.

 Table 4. Mineral, linoleic acid and dlOlim' (:onU:nlN of (~()mnlC)n "('C.'<I in~rc.'dic.'nts (as fc.'d h:lSis).

Feed Ingredient Dry matter Calcium Total Available Sodium Chloride Linoleic Choline
% % Phosphorus Phosphorus % % Acid ppm
% % %
I. ENERGY SOURCES
Banana meal, peeled 90.00 002 0.11 0.03
Barley 88.70 0.05 0.36 0.11 0.01 0.15 0.93 980
Cassava, residue 89.60 0.24
Cassava meal 90.00 0.12 0. 10 0.03
~
~.
Com , cooked 91.59 0.10 0.11 0.03 0.44 435
Com, yellow (imported) 90.00 0.25 0.08 0.004 0.04 1.56 435
Com, yellow (local) 89.29 ). I 7 026 0.07 0.004 0.04 2.29 435
0
~
en Oat, jockey 90.00 0.08 0.30 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.88 925 ""
~.
~.
U'I Oat, meal 92.45 0.15 0.26 0.08 2.34 950 ::;

Oat, undehulled 91.18 0.15 0.26 0.08 0.01 0.11 1.60 950 'l:>.."
;:,

Rice, broken 88.00 0.03 0.25 0.08 0.04 0.08 0.32 800 S
~
Rice, cooked (imported) 90.00 0.04 0.26 0.07 0.07 0.19 2.00 1000 '"
Rice, paddy 89.00 0.04 0.25 0.06 0.04 0.08 0.42 793 ~
~.
Sorghum 88.00 0.03 0.02 0.06 0.01 0.09 0.07 694 ~.
~
Wheat flour, feed grade 88.85 0.09 0.23 0.08 0.02 0.01 0.40 521
~
Wheat, Brazilian 89.41 0.20 0.34 0.14 0.02 0.05 0.81 859 0
::!
Wheat, Chi nese 89.16 0.22 0.38 0.15 0.02 0.05 0.78 859 ~
""
::;
Wheat, Danish 88 .69 0. 10 0.29 0.12 0.02 0.05 0.89 859 "'I1
~
Wheat, Russian 90.75 0.13 0.41 0.1 6 0.02 0.05 0.83 859 ::...
~
0;;
Wheat, Ukraine 90 .87 0.15 0.40 0.16 0.02 0.05 0.92 859 ;;l
Wheat, US (milling) 9\.)0 0. 16 0.24 0.10 0.02 0.05 0.83 859 ~
;::;
~
 Table 4 continued ...
9
~
Feed Ingredient Dry matter Calcium Totlll Available Sodium Chloride Linoleic Choline ~
% % Phosphorus Phosphorus % % Acid ppm ~
% % %

II. PROTEIN SOURCES

1. Animal and Marine Protein Sources

Blood meal, drum dried 90.00 0.30 0.25 0.25 0.32 0.25 0.10 770
Blood meal, spray dried 97.00 0.20 0.25 0.25 0.70 1.40 0.20 640
Egg powder, whole, spray dried 93.50 1.96 1.30 1.30 0.90 0.60 12 . 10
Fish meal, Chilean 89.00 2.60 3.45 3.45 1.35 2.07 2.07 3085
Fish meal, Japanese red 93 .00 5.50 2.90 2 .90 3100
Fish meal, local sardines (50%) 87.75 5.86 3.61 3.61 1.67 1.35 2800
Fish meal, local tuna (55%) 96.60 4.44 2.44 2.44 1.91 2.87 0.88 3080
Fish meal, local tuna (60%) 92.69 4.83 2.94 2.94 1.16 1.76 0.67 3080
C') Fish meal, Menhaden 92. 11 4.61 2.97 2.97 .0.90 1.37 0.46 3080
C')
Fish meal, Peruvian 90.19 2.63 3.51 3.51 1.39 2.12 0.43 3085
Fish meal, Prime 93 .90 4.05 3.11 3.11 0.63 0.96 0.96 3085
Fish meal, salmon 94.70 0.35 0.80 0.80 0.81 1.21 0.50 3085
Fishrneal, white 91.59 3.06 2.29 2.29 0.99 1.51 0.48 3085
Meat and bone meal (50%) 94.00 8.00 4.20 4.20 0.42 0.63 0.35 1980
Plasma Protein 92.65 0.30 1.70 1.70 3.00 1.50 0.05 770
Poultry by-product meal 94 .00 5.00 2AO 2.40 2.53 5386
Poultry meal, pet food grade 94.49 5.65 2.94 2.94 0.32 0.48 1.03 5984
Poultry meal, feed grade 96.50 4.86 3.52 3.52 0.23 0.37 1.71 5984
Pork meal, 45% 95.50 10.29 4.78 4.78 0.38 5984
Pork meal, 50% 95.71 11.62 5.88 5.88 0.50 0.76 OAI 5984
Pork meal, 55% 95.79 10.86 5.39 5.39 0.51 0.67 0.56 5984
Pork meal, 60% 96.17 7.57 3.95 3.95 0.25 0.33 1.01 5984
Pork meal, 65% 96.30 6.05 2.97 2.97 0.34 0.51 1.12 5984
Shrimp meal, shell 92.00 9.73 1.84 1.84 1.17 0.44 OAO
Shrimp meal, head 92.00 8.64 1.67 1.67 0.37
 fable 4 continued ...
Feed Ingredient Dry matter Calcium Total Available Sodium Chloride Linoleic Choline
% % Phosphorus % Phosphorus % % % Acid % ppm

B. Plant Protein Sources

Black beans 90.30
Canolameal 90.00 0.50 1.06 0.32 0.03 0.10 3045
Cowpea 88.00 0.60 0.27 0.11 0.05 0.07
Dun peas 89.50
Feed peas 89.80 0.11 0.39 0.16 0.04 0.56 545
Green peas 90.00 0.11 0.35 0.11
~
Ipil-ipilleafmeal 90.00 0.35 0.27 0.09 ~
;::!
Lupins, sweet 91.60 0.29 0.27 0.11 1.86 500 ", '

~
Lupins, dehulled 92.00 0.13 0.29 0.12 2.64 500
Lupins, speckled 93.20 0.31 0.26 0.10 1.82 500 0
Maple peas 89.00
~
en ungbean '"....
~.
88.00 0.22 0.34 0.14 0.20 ~.
-....!
Pigeon peas 88.00 0.64 0.61 0.24 0.35
§
Rapeseed meal, Chinese 90.50 0.60 1.10 0.25 3045 s::...
Rapeseed meal, Indian 88.70 0.79 1.18 0.35 0.40 3045 S
Rice bean 89.10 0.51 0.23 0.09 ~
'"
~
Soybean meal, Argentine 91.52 0.40 0.73 0.22 0.02 0.04 0.83 2640
Soybean meal, US hi pro I 90.72 0.47 0.71 0.21 0.02 0.04 0.62 2640 ~.

Soybean meal, US hi pro 2 91.29 0.42 0.68 0.20 0.02 0.04 0.65 2640 ~
;,.
Soybean meal, US low pro 90.00 0.45 0.63 0.19 0.02 0.04 0.90 2380 ....'"
Soybean meal, China low pro 89.40 0.45 0.63 0.19 0.02 0.04 0.75 2380 ~
Soybean meal, Indian (dehulled) 90.84 0.42 0.67 0.20 0.01 0.04 0.54 2380 0~
Soybean meal, Indian (undehuUed) 89.70 0.52 0.64 0.19 0.01 0.04 0.55 2380 ~
Soybean meal, Brazilian hi pro 89.00 0.48 0.64 0.19 0.02 0.04 0.95 2640 '"
;,;

Soybean, full fat 90.27 0.37 0.52 0.16 0.12 0.03 9.86 2860 ~
'""'-
Safflower seeds 93.50 0.22 0.46 0.09 0.02 0.04 20.30 2465
~
Sunflower seeds 93.50 0. 18 0.47 0.09 0.05 0.07 25.55 1515 ~~
Vetch seeds 88.60 0.11 0.46 0.18 0.02 0.03 ~.
White pea 90.00 0.09 0.23 0.09 0.12 0.03 t:
 Table 4 continued ... Q
~
Feed Ingredient Dry matter Calcium Total Available Sodium Chloride Linoleic Choline ~
% % ......
......
Phosphorus % Phosphorus % % % Acid % ppm

m. MILLING AND FACTORY BY-PRODUCTS

Bakery by-products 92.80 0.07 0.67 0.23 0.29 0.44 0.44 434
Brewer 's dried spent grain 9 1.70 0.17 0.50 0.18 0.21 0.12 3.26 950
Brewer 's dried yeast 93.00 0.10 1.40 1.40 0.10 0.12 3850
Copra meal, expeller 96.20 0.22 0.66 0.10 0.42 0.64 0.21 650
Com bran 88 .60 0.17 0.50 0.13 3.83 700
Com germ mea l, expeller, dry 90.00 0.08 1.50 0.28 0.04 0.11 2.92 1600
Com germ meal, solvent, wet 93.00 0.19 1.00 0.25 0.04 0.11 0.58 1600
Com gluten feed 94 .7 5 0.17 0.81 0.20 0.09 0.22 \.26 1520
Com gluten meal 90.50 0.20 0.35 0.09 0.02 0.07 0.90 330
Distiller's dried grain solubles (DDGS) 90. 18 0.26 0.74 0.52 0.15 2.3 1 5.51
en
(X) Molasses 75.00 0.80 0.08 0.02 0.15 2.31 748
Palm kernel meal 88.00 0.30 0.60 0.09
Rice bran, DI 91.40 0.15 1.48 0.22 0.06 0.D7 5.52 915
Rice bran, D2 89.00 0.08 1.08 0. 16 0.06 0.07 3.80 735
Rice bran, defatted 92.30 0.28 1.84 0.28 0.01 0.05 1.60 700
Scrap noodles 92 .50 0.07 0.67 0.23 0.55 0.85 0.85 434
Soya hulls 92 .00 0.50 0.10 0.03 0.40 250
Spaghetti trimmings 90.00 0.07 0.67 0.23 0.95 990
Wheat pollard, hard 88 .8 1 0.22 1.05 0.37 0.20 0.03 1.95 800
Wheat pollard, soft 90.10 0.19 0.92 0.32 0.20 0.03 1.64 800

IV. DAIRY/SOY PRODUCTS

Buttermilk powder, dried 89.00 1.30 0.90 0.60 0.95 0.70 0.07 1300
Lactose powder 99.50 0.50 0.70 0.49 0.22 1000
Milk replacer I 94.83 0.50 0.66 0.66 0.50 2358
Milk replacer 2 96.36 0.50 0.70 0.49 1000
 Table <1 contilllU'(I. ..

Feed Ingredient Dry matter Calcium Total Available Sodium Chloride Linoleic Choline
% % Phosphorus % Phosphorus % % % Acid % ppm

Skimmilk powder, dried 94.20 1.25 0.95 0.95 0.44 0.90 1400
Soy protein concentrate 94.00 0.35 0.80 0.25 0.01 0.20 0.20 500
96.92 0.62 0.69 0.69 0.90 1.36 1820
Sweet whey powder
96.50 0.90 0.72 0.72 0.38 0.78 1130
Whole milk powder

V. l\lINFf~SUPPLEMENTS
f....
;:J .
Bone meal 28.00 12.00 12.00 0.04 '"
,...
;"

Monocalcium phosphate 16.24 22.11 22.11

Monodicalcium phosphate 16.51 21.32 21.32 0.60
0
~
0')
Dicalcium phosphate 24.46 19.89 15.91 0.06 0.01 '"
~
<:1:
CD Tricalcium phosphate 28.77 1270 8.89 0.30 ",'
::;
Limestone 99.87 38.55 0.16 0.05 0.03 ~
Oyster shell 98.00 35.00 0.10 0.20 "'-
Salt 95.00 39.00 60.00 S
~
'"
VI. FATS AND OILS
i:
~
~.
CanolaOil 99.00 22.10
~
Corn Oil 99.00 58.00
~
Coconut Oil 99.00 1.80
0
Fish Oil 99.00
~
Palm Kernel Oil 99.00 9.10 '">!
Soybean Oil 99.00 51.00 ~
Tallow 99.00 3.10 ~
;:;-<
()'<;
:-;
'"~
~.

~
 Table 5. Total and digestible amino acid composition of common feed ingredients for swine. " Q
~
~
Feed ingredient Crude Lysine Metbio- Cystine Met+ Threo- Tryp~ Argi- Isoleu- Leucine Valine '-
'-'
Protein % % nine% % Cys% nine % phan% nine% cine % % %

LENERGYSOURCES
Banana meal, peeled SAO 0.19 0.07 0.06 0.13 0. 16 0.04 0.27 0.16 0.2 7 0.20
0.09 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.07 0.02 0.13 0.08 0.13 0.10

Barley 11.30 OAO 0.18 0.27 OA5 0.38 0.13 0.54 0.41 0.78 0.59
0.31 0.15 0.22 0.37 0.30 0.11 0.44 0.33 0.62 0.44

Cassava, residue 2.20 0.08 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.06 0.02 0.11 0.06 0.11 O.O!l
0.04 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.08 0.03 0.08 0.06

Cassava meal 3.80 0. 14 0.05 0.04 0.09 0.11 0.03 0.19 0.11 0. 19 0.14
0.07 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.06 0.02 0.12 0.06 0.12 0.09
.....
e Corn, cooked 6.85 0.22 0.16 0.16 0.32 0.25 0.06 0.32 0.25 0.R3 0.34
0.18 0.14 0.14 0.28 0.21 0.05 0.26 0.21 0.71 0.27

Corn, yellow (imported) 8.60 0.27 0. 19 0.20 0.39 0.31 0.07 OAO 0.31 1.06 OA2
0.21 0.17 0.17 0.35 0.26 0.06 0.34 0.27 0.91 0.33

Corn, yellow (local) 8.05 0.26 0. 18 0.19 0.37 0.29 0.07 0.38 0.29 0.97 OAO
0.21 0.16 0.17 0.33 0.24 0.06 0.32 0.25 0.84 0.31

Oat, jockey 12.00 OA7 0.19 0.36 0.55 OA1 0.16 0.78 0.46 0.76 0.62
0.38 0.17 0.30 0.46 0.34 0.14 0.68 0.37 0.74 0.53

Oat, meal 11.38 0.44 0.18 0.34 0.52 0.39 0.15 0.74 OA3 0.82 0.59
0.36 0.16 0.28 0.44 0.33 0.13 0.67 0.35 0.72 0.51

Oat, undehulled 9.67 0.38 0.15 0.29 0.44 0.33 0.13 0.63 0.37 0.70 0.50
0.31 0.13 0.24 0.37 0.28 0.11 0.48 0.30 0.52 0.37

Rice, broken 7.50 0.25 0.17 0.18 0.36 0.28 0.06 0.36 0.27 0.89 0.37
0.20 0.15 0.16 0.31 0.23 0.05 0.31 0.23 0.77 0.34
-rigurcs in hold nurnh,'rs an' diJ.:,,,tih lc amino ",·.id ('orn positions
 '1',,1.1(' .r; ('CUllinu ·tI.

Feed ingredient rude Lysine Methio- Cystine Mct+ Threo- Trypto- Argi- Isolcu- Leucine Valine
Pro tein % % nine % % Cys % nine% phan % nine % cine % % %

Ri ce, cooked (imported) 9.00 0.22 0.18 0. 18 0.33 0.27 0.06 0.35 0.26 0.97 0.35
0.20 0.16 0.17 0.26 0.25 0.05 0.35 0.26 0.97 0.35

Ri ce, paddy 7.30 0.29 0.13 0.20 0.33 0.28 0.09 0.38 0.29 0.50 0.3 8
0.23 0.11 0.17 0.27 0.22 0.07 0.28 0.24 0.37 0.26

Sorghum 9.00 0.21 0.17 0.19 0.36 0.28 0.09 0.3 1 0.36 I. 17 0.45
0.16 0.15 0.15 0.30 0.23 0.08 0.27 0.31 1.05 0.37 /'
2;.
~.
Wheat flour, feed grade 14.42 0.42 0.22 0.30 0.52 0.39 0. 13 0.65 0.50 0.92 0.62 '"
:::.
0.37 0.20 0.27 0.47 0.34 0.12 0.62 0.45 0.87 0.57 0
~
Wheat, Brazilian D.71 0.40 0.23 0.3 1 0.54 0.41 0. 18 0.64 0.49 0.90 0.61 ~.
-....I 0.33 0.20 0.28 0.48 0.35 0.58 0.58 0.44 0.82 0.54 ~.
~

'"
Wh ea t, Chinese 12.94 0.38 0.22 0.29 0.51 0.38 0.17 0.60 0.47 0.85 0.58 '""-'""
0.32 0.19 0.26 0.45 0.33 0.15 0.55 0.41 0.77 0.50 ,--,

Wheat, Danish 9.96 0.29 0. 17 0.23 0.39 0.29 0. 13 0.46 0.36 0.66 0.44
0.24 0.15 0.20 0.35 0.25 0.12 0.41 0.32 0.58 0.38

Wheat, Russian 12.00 0.35 0.20 0.27 0.47 0.36 0. 15 0.56 0.43 0.79 0.54
0.29 0.18 0.24 0.42 0.31 0.14 0.50 0.38 0.71 0.41
~
Wheat- Ukraine 11.27 0.33 0.19 0.26 0.45 0.33 0. 14 0.52 0.41 0.74 0.50 ", .
0.27 0.17 0.23 0.40 0.29 0.13 0.47 0.36 0.66 0.43 ~
~

Wheat, US milling 11.75 0.34

0.29
0.20
0.19
0.27
0.24
0.46
0.41
0.35
0.30
0. 15
0.14
0.54
0.49
0.42
0.36
0.78
0.69
0. 15
0.14 -.--
'";::,
;f::,..,

J..,
.e
~
Or igures i n bold numbers are digestibl e amino acid composit ions '"~
 Table 5 continued ... C]

Feed ingredient Crude Lysine Methio- Cystine Met+ Threo- Trypto- Argi- lsoleu- Leucine Valine
""
~
~
Protein % % nine% % Cys% nine% phan% nine % cine % % % .....
-..

IL PROTEIN SOURCES
A. Animal and Marine Protein Sources

Blood meal. drum dried 80 .00 5.04 1.04 1.04 2.08 3.04 1.04 6.00 3.92 6.56 4.08
2.21 0.95 0.90 1.85 2.74 0.97 5.10 3.41 5.58 3.47

Blood meal, spray dried 90.00 8.28 1.13 1.08 2.21 3.96 1.31 3.70 0.99 10.80 7.18
7.00 1.03 0.94 1.97 3.56 1.21 3.14 0.86 9.17 6.10

Egg powder, whole, 46.00 2.72 1.02 OAO IA3 1.63 0.34 2.80 1.93 3AO 2.37
spray dried 2.62 0.92 0.33 1.25 1.45 0.29 2.75 1.76 3.27 2.27

Fish meal, Chilean 64.50 4.92 1.81 0.62 2A3 2.73 0.67 3.93 2.71 4.77 3.32
4.57 1.63 0.51 2.14 2.43 0.57 3.85 2.46 4.58 3.19
......
IV
Fish meal, Japanese red 68.50 5.38 1.97 0.67 2.64 2.96 0.74 4.17 2.88 5.07 3.53
4.85 1.77 0.54 2.32 2.63 0.63 4.09 2.62 4.87 3.39

Fish meal, local sardines 49AO 3.12 1.16 0.44 1.61 1.83 OAO 3.01 2.07 3.65 2.54
(50%) 1.82 1.05 0.36 1.41 1.63 0.34 2.83 1.89 3.51 2.44

Fish meal, local tuna 54.60 4.17 1.53 '0.53 2.06 2.31 0.56 3.33 2.29 4.04 2.81
(55%) 2.76 1.38 0.43 1.81 2.06 0.48 3.26 2.09 3.88 2.71

Fish meal, local tuna 59.19 4.52 1.66 0.57 2.23 2.51 0.62 3.60 2A9 4.38 3.05
(60%) 3.49 1.49 0.46 1.96 2.23 0.52 3.53 2.26 4.20 2.93

Fish meal, Menhaden 64.18 4.90 1.80 0.62 2A2 2.72 0.67 3.91 2.70 4.75 3.31
4.02 1.62 0.50 2.13 2.42 0.57 3.83 2.45 4.56 3.17

Fish meal, Peruvian 63.51 4.85 1.78 0.62 2.39 2.69 0.66 3.87 2.67 4.70 3.27
4.09 1.60 0.50 2.11 2.39 0.56 3.79 2.43 4.51 3.14

Fish meal, Prime 68.00 5.32 1.95 0.67 2.61 2.93 0.73 4.14 2.86 5.03 3.50
4.69 1.75 0.54 2.30 2.61 0.62 4.06 2.60 4.83 3.36
*Fil~lm" in h()ld n\lmhl'rs ar" dil~(";{ihl<: amino arid rOlllllllsitinn s
 il ...

Feed ingredient Crude Lysine Mcthio- Cystinc Ml'f+ 'I'hrco- Trypto- Argi- Isolcu- Leucinc Valine
Protein % % nine % % Cys% nine% phan% nine % cine % % %

Fish meal, salmon 65.29 4.99 1.83 0.63 2.46 2.76 0.68 3.98 2.74 4.83 3.36
4.32 1.65 0.51 2.17 2.46 0.58 3.90 2.50 4.64 3.23

Fish meal, white 70.40 5.56 2.04 0.69 2.73 3.06 0.77 4.29 2.96 5.21 3.62
4.21 1.83 0.56 2.40 2.72 0.65 4.20 2.69 5.00 3.48

Meat and bone meal 50.00 2.44 0.68 0.42 1.09 1.50 0.31 3.51 1.21 3.16 2.36
(50%) 1.94 0.54 0.23 0.77 1.08 0.22 3.09 0.92 2.78 2.07

Plasma Protein 78.23 4.93 1.02 1.02 2.03 2.97 1.02 5.87 3.83 6.41 3.99
Z
~
4.32 0.96 0.85 1.81 2.68 0.95 4.99 3.33 5.45 3.39 ~.
Poultry by-product meal 50.00 2.38 0.66 0.39 1.05 1.45 0.29 3.51 LIS 3.15 2.35 ()
2.12 0.56 0.23 0.79 1.12 0.23 3.08 0.95 2.77 2.07 ~
...... Poultry meal, pet food
'"
\:l .
~.
W 66.00 3.62 1.00 0.73 1.73 2.30 0.51 4.63 1.79 4. 16 3.10 ,.'"
grade 2.61 0.82 0.41 1.24 1.69 0.38 4.07 1.38 3.66 2.73 ,.
~

"'-
Poultry meal , feed grade 61.00 3.23 0.90 0.62 1.52 2.03 0.44 4.28 1.60 3.23 2.87
2.41 0.73 0.35 1.08 1.49 0.33 3.76 1.24 3.18 2.52
S
~
"-

Pork meal, 45% 44 .85 2.26 0.63 0.41 1.04 1.41 0.30 3. 14 1.12 2.83 2.11
r
~.
0.24 0.78 1.08 0.23 2.77 0.91 2.49 1.85 . ~.
1.90 0.53
~
<:;.
Pork meal , 50% 49 .50 2.50 0.69 0.45 1.J4 1.55 0.33 3.47 1.24 3.12 2.33 '"
<-.

2.09 0.59 0.27 0.66 1.19 0.25 3.05 1.00 2.74 2.05 ~
~
Pork meal 55% 55.09 2.78
2.33
0.77
0.65
0.50
0.30
1.27
0.95
1.73
1.33
0.36
0.28
3.86
3.40
1.38
1.11
3.47
3.05
2.59
2.28
~
'"'"
Pork meal, 60% 60.41 3.05 0.85 0.55 1.39 1.89 0.40 4.23 1.51 3.81 2.84 ~
~
2.56 0.72 0.33 1.04 1.46 0.31 3.73 1.22 3.35 2.50
~
~
Pork meal, 65% 64.96 3.28 0.91 0.59 1.50 2.04 0.43 4.56 1.62 4.09 3.05 ~
2.75 0.77 0.35 1.12 1.57 0.33 4.01 1.31 3.60 2.69
'"
r::
*Figures in bold numbers are digestible amino acid compositions
 Table 5 continued ... \'
.-::s-:
~
Crude Ly~in e Met+ Threo- Argi- Isoleu- Leucine Valine ~
Feed ingredient Methio- CY 'tine Trypto- -.,
-.,
Protein 0;, /)/0 ni nc )ii, % Cys % nine% phan o/ll nine % cine 01" % %

Poultry meal 61.00 3.23 0.90 D.90 1.52 2.03 0.44 4.28 1.60 3.23 2.87
2.41 0.73 0.73 1.08 1.49 0.33 3,76 1.24 3.18 2.52

Shrimp meal. shell 3990 1 ~4 0.44- OA4 0.62 0.9 1 0. 15 2.80 0.80 2. 51 1.88
1.69 0.38 0.38 0.46 0.70 0.12 2.46 0.64 2.21 1.65

Shrimp meal , head 46.50 ~ .!O (j.S8 [J.5 8 0.90 1.26 024 3.26 1.05 2.93 2.19
1.97 0.50 0.50 0.67 0,97 09 2.87 0.85 2.58 1.92

B. Plant Protein Sources

Black beans 39.5 0 1.91 0.28 0.60 O.RS 1.38 030 4.15 1.<16 2.R5 1. 58
""""
~ 1.68 0.21 0.52 0.74 1.16 0.28 3.65 1.48 2.62 1.43

Canola meal 355D 2.02 0.73 0.91 1.64 IA9 0.43 2.13 1.40 2.49 1.8 1
1.52 0.64 0.72 1.36 1.10 0.32 1.77 1.07 1.89 1.50

Cowpea 21.50 1.04 0.!5 D.33 OAR 0.75 0. 16 2.2<i 0.90 1.55 0.86
0.90 0.12 0,28 0.40 0.63 0.13 1.99 0.80 1.45 0.80

Dun peas 22 ,90 1.10 0.1 6 0.35 051 0.80 0.17 2AO 0.96 1.65 0.91
0.97 0.12 0.30 0.43 0.67 0.16 2.11 0.85 1.53 0.85

Feed peas 22.30 1.67 0.::'7 0.2 1 OA7 094 024 lAO I.In 1.80 1.30
l.34 n.20 0.13 0.33 0.73 0.16 1.19 0.80 1.37 0.91

Or en peas 21.DO U7 130 rJ.J 3 ) Cd O)Q 0 .2 ~ 1.55 1.011 1 64 10J

1.1 5 0.26 U.27 0.52 0.66 0.24 1.45 0.82 1.44 0.87

lpil-ipi l leafmea l 20.00 o gO 0.32 0.40 0.72 0.66 0.27 125 0.65 1.24 0.<)2
0.57 0.24 0.29 0.53 0.47 0.21 0.99 0.45 0.89 0.65

·J; j tlure~ in old numbers [Ire d £ e~lib lc: alnlnn nciJ comrosi ti 11
 Table 5 continued ...

Feed ingredient Crude Lysine Methio- Cystine Met+ Threo- Trypto- Argi- Isoleu- Leucine Valine
Protein % % nine % % Cys% nine% phan% nine% cine % % %

Lupins, sweet 30.20 1.45 0.21 0.46 0.6 1.06 0.23 3.17 1.27 2.17 1.21
1.28 0.16 0.40 70.58 0.89 0.22 2.79 1.13 2.01 1.10

Lupins, dehulled 36.00 1.74 0.25 0.55 0.80 1.26 0.27 3.78 1.51 2.60 1.44
1.53 0.19 0.48 0.67 1.08 0.26 3.33 1.35 2.39 1.30

Lupins, speckled 28.10 1.35 0.20 0.43 0.62 0.98 0.21 2.95 1.18 2.02 1.12
~
1.19 0.15 0.37 0.52 0.82 0.20 2.59 1.05 1.82 0.98
S
Maple pea 23.00 1.50
1.26
0.33
0.28
0.36
0.29
0.69
0.57
0.90
0.73
0.31
0.26
1.70
1.58
1.09
0.90
1.79
1.58
1.13
0.96
...'"
;:,

0
Mungbean 22 .80 1.10 0.16 0.35 0.51 0.80 0.17 2.39 0.96 1.64 0.91 ~
..... 0.96 0.12 0.30 0.43 0.67 0.16 2.11 0.85 1.53 0.84 '":::to
~
", '
(JI ;:,
Pigeon pea 22.50 1.08 0. 16 0.34 0.50 0.79 0.17 2.36 0.95 1.62 0.90 ~
0.95 0.12 0.30 0.42 0.66 0.16 2.08 0.84 1.50 0.83 "'-

Rapeseed meal, Chinese 34.00 1.92 0.70 0.87 1.57 1.43 0.41 2.04 1.34 2.38 1.73
s:
0%
1.45 0.61 0.69 1.30 1.06 0.31 1.69 1.02 1.81 1.44 '"
t-<
~.
~.
Rapeseed meal, Indian 37.00 2.11 0.77 0.94 1.71 1.55 0.44 2.22 1.46 2.59 1.89
1.11 1.97 ~.
1.58 0.61 0.80 1.42 I.l8 0.33 1.84 1.57
1:;
Rice bean (tapilan) 18.60 0.90 0.13 0.28 0.41 0.65 0.14 1.96 0.78 1.34 0.75 '-'\
0.78 0.10 0.25 0.31 0.55 0.12 1.78 0.63 1.25 0.70 0
~
~
Soybean meal, Argentine 47 .00 3.00 0.68 0.73 1.41 1.84 0.64 3.39 2.24 3.68 2.31 '"
;:,
0.64 0.57 3.22 1.95 3.31 2.01
2.56 0.62 1.25 1.58
[
Soybean meal, US high 47.65 3.06 0.69 0.74 1.43 1.86 0.64 3.47 2.26 3.72 2.33 ;;<
protein I 2.67 0.62 0.64 1.26 1.60 0.58 3.32 1.97 3.36 2.04 ~
~
;:,
t;
*Figures in bold numbers are digestible amino acid compositions
 Table 5 continued ... Q
~
Feed ingredient Crude Lysine Methio- Cystine Met+ Threo- Trypto- Argi- Isoleu- Leucine Valine ~
Protein % % nine% % Cys% nine% phan% nine% cine % % ~
%

Soybean meal, US 46.74 3.01 0.68 0.72 1.40 1.82 0.63 3.41 2.22 3.65 2.29
high protein 2 2.63 0.61 0.63 1.23 1.57 0.57 3.21 1.93 3.25 1.97

Soybean meal, US 43.10 2.73 0.63 0.67 1.29 1.68 0.58 3.07 2.05 3.36 2. 11
low protein 2.30 0.56 0.58 1.14 1.45 0.52 2.80 1.78 2.89 1.75

Soybean meal, China 42.70 2.69 0.62 0.66 1.28 1.67 0.58 3.03 2.03 3.33 2.09
low protein 2.26 0.56 0.58 1.13 1.43 0.52 2.79 1.76 2.86 1.73

Soybean meal, Indian 52.52 3.38 0.76 0.81 1.58 2.05 0.71 3.84 2.49 4.10 2.57
dehulled 2.96 0.69 0.71 1.39 1.76 0.64 3.62 2.32 3.90 2.37

Soybean, Indian 47.30 3.01 0.69 0.73 1.84 1.84 0.64 3.40 2.25 3.69 2.3 2
undehulled 2.57 0.62 0.64 1.59 1.59 0.57 3.25 1.95 3.35 2.03
""'"
0)
Soybean, Brazilian, 46.60 2.96 0.68 0.72 1.40 1.82 0.63 3.35 2.21 3.63 2.28
high protein 2.53 0.61 0.63 1.23 1.56 0.57 3.19 1.92 3.28 1.99

Soybean, full fat 35.72 2.29 0.52 0.55 1.07 1.39 0.48 2.60 1.70 2.79 1.75
1.88 0.44 0.45 0.89 1.13 0.41 2.38 1.39 2.39 1.45

Safflower seeds 15.00 0.54 0.32 0.28 0.66 0.56 0.18 1.21 0.63 0.94 0.75
0.44 0.29 0.23 0.52 0.45 0.15 0.96 0.52 0.69 0.53

Sunflower seeds 16.50 0.60 0.35 0.32 0.66 0.61 0.20 1.33 0.70 1.03 0.82
0.48 0.32 0.25 0.57 0.49 0.17 1.06 0.57 0.76 0.58

Vetch seeds 26.90 1.30 0.19 0.41 0.60 0.94 0.20 2.83 1.13 1.94 1.08
1.13 0.15 0.36 . 0.50 0.79 0.19 2.49 0.92 1.80 0.99

White pea 28.00 1.35 0.20 0.43 0.62 0.98 0.21 2.94 1.18 2.02 1.12
1.19 0.15 0.37 0.52 0.82 0.20 2.59 1.05 1.87 1.02

'Figures in bold numher~ arc dig<!stihle amino acid compositions

 .1. ..

Feed ingredient Crudc Lysinc Mcthio- Cystinc Mct+ Thrco- Trypto- Argi- Isoleu- Leucine Valine
Protein % % nine% % Cys% nine% ph an % nine% cine % % %

III. MILLING AND FACTORY BY-PRODUCTS

Bakery by-products 1l.l0 0.26 0.22 0.30 O.4g lJ.35 0.09 0.54 0.43 0.84 0.53
0.16 0.18 0.26 0.42 0.25 0,07 0.45 0.36 0.71 0.43

Brewer's dried spent 23.50 0.94 0.38 0.47 0.84 0.77 0.32 1.47 0.76 1.45 1.08
grain 0.55 0.23 0.28 0.52 0.45 0.20 0.99 0.45 0.88 0.64

Brewer's dried yeast 45.00 2.88 0.65 0.70 1.35 1.76 0.61 3.26 2.14 3.51 2.21 ?:
2.49 0.59 0.61 1.19 1.51 0.55 2.97 1.86 3.03 1.84 S.'"
~
Copra meal, expeller 21.00 0.53 0.32 0.2 (J.Gl 0.67 0.17 2.31 0.74 1.32 1.16
G
0.27 0.16 0.16 0.32 0.35 0.09 1.19 0.38 0.68 0.59
~
...... Com bran 9.00 0.40 0.17 0.19 0.36 0.36 0.09 0.61 0.32 0.81 0.50
'"~
::::t'
...... 0.10 0.24 0.26 0.47 1).26 0.62 0.35
",'
;::;
0.27 0.14 0.06
§
I:>..
Com germ meal, expeller, 12.50 0.55 0.24 0.26 0.50 0.50 0.13 0.g5 0.44 1.13 0.69
dry 0.37 0.19 0.13 0.33 0.36 0.09 0.65 0.36 0.87 0.48 S
0-';;
'"
Com germ meal, solvent,
wet
20.10 0.88
0.60
0.25
0.20
0.27
0.14
0.52
0.34
0.52
0.37
0.13
0.09
0.88
0.67
0.46
0.38
1.17
0.90
0.72
0.50 ~
~.
~.
Com gluten feed 18.28 0.58 0.35 0.42 0.77 0.68 0.12 0.88 0.60 1.83 0.88 1:;
0.38 0.29 0.27 0.56 0.47 0.08 0.68 0.46 1.41 0.68 ~

Com gluten meal 60.00 1.02 1.50 1.08 2.58 2.04 0.36 2.01 2.40 9.90 2.70
G
~
0.94 1.43 1.05 2.48 1.96 0.35 1.94 2.23 9.55 2.61 ~
'";::;
Distiller's dried grains 26.00 0.75 0.38 0.59 0.96 0.71 0.33 1.32 0.99 1.68 1.20 ~
'"
i:l..
solubles (~OGS) 0.38 0.26 0.41 0.71 0.45 0.22 0.93 0.65 1.17 0.84 .....,
~
;j
Molasses 2.90 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.0 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.06
0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 30.01 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.04 ~
;::;
.....---- to;
"Figures in bold numbers are digestible amino acid compositions
 Table 5 continued ... 9
~
Feed ingredient Crude Lysine Methio- Cystine Met+ Threo- Trypto- Argi- Isoleu- Leucine Valine ~
Protein % % nine% % Cys% nine% phan% nine% cine % % % t::i

Palm kernel meal 19.00 0.48 0.29 0.29 0.57 0.61 0.15 2.09 0.67 1.20 l.05
0.24 0.19 0.19 0.38 0.37 0.09 1.40 0.47 0.80 0.70

Rice bran, D, 12.14 0.55 0.25 0.26 0.51 0.45 0.14 0.99 0.42 0.87 0.65
0.40 0.20 0.19 0.38 0.31 0.11 0.77 0.31 0.68 0.51

Rice bran, D2 10.00 0.46 0.20 0.21 0.42 0.39 0.12 0.71 0.35 0.72 0.54
0.32 0.15 0.15 0.30 0.25 0.09 0.47 0.24 0.48 0.36

Rice bran, defatted 20.10 0.91 0.44 0.42 0.85 0.73 0.23 1.83 0.70 1.45 1.08
0.66 0.34 0.31 0.63 0.49 0.19 1.34 0.51 1.06 0.79

Scrap noodles 12.90 0.55 0.24 0.57 0.53 0.45 0.19 0.91 0.48 0.88 0.62
...... 0.50 0.22 0.51 0.48 0.41 0.17 0.81 0.43 0.79 0.56
CO
Soy hulls 8.00 0.52 0.12 0.12 0.24 0.31 0.11 0.40 0.32 0.51 0.39
0.34 0.09 0.08 0.17 0.21 0.07 0.14 0.22 0.16 0.11

Spaghetti trimmings 14.20 0.57 0.23 0.30 0.53 0.45 0.18 0.88 0.48 0.89 0.65
0.54 0.23 0.29 0.52 0.43 0.18 0.88 0.47 0.86 0.61

Wheat pollard, hard 17.19 0.69 0.28 0.34 0.62 0.57 0.23 1.07 0.56 1.07 0.79
0.53 0.22 0.27 0.50 0.44 0.19 0.89 0.44 0.81 0.59

Wheat pollard, soft 15.41 0.62 0.25 0.31 0.55 0.51 0.21 0.96 0.50 0.96 0.71
0.48 0.20 0.24 0.44 0.39 0.17 0.80 0.39 0.72 0.53

*Figures in bold numbers are digestible amino acid compositions

 lllt t II III ,',l.. .
Feed ingredient Crude Lysine Methio- Cystine Met+ Threo- Trypto- Argi- Isoleu- Leucine Valine
Protein % % nine% % Cys% nine% phan% nine% cine% % %

IV. DAIRY/SOY PRODUCTS

Buttermilk powder, dried 32.00 2.56 0.51 0.70 1.22 2.02 0.45
2.30 0.47 0.61 1.09 1.81 0.40

Lactose powder 0.40 2.80 0.67 0.40 1.06 1.66 0.53 1.42 1.83 3.39
2.58 0.60 0.34 0.95 1.40 0.43 1.29 1.52 3.04
<
'S"
Milk replacer 1 40.35 3.23 0.65 0.89 1.53 2.54 0.56 1.01 2.34 3.67 2.18 '"
;:;;
"<
2.91 0.59 0.77 1.38 2.29 0.51 0.91 2.08 3.30 1.96
0
Milk replacer 2 26.76 2.14 0.43 0.59 1.02 1.69 0.37 0.67 1.55 2.44 1.45 ~
........ 1.93 0.39 0.51 0.92 1.52 0.34 0.60 1.38 2.19 1.30 '"~~:
c.o '";:;;
Skimmilk powder, dried 33.50 2.68 0.54 0.74 1.27 2.11 0.47 0.84 1.94 3.05 1.81
2.41 0.49 0.64 1.15 1.90 0.42 0.75 1.73 2.74 1.63 '"
;:;;
I::>...

S
Soy protein concentrate 65.00 1.00 0.20 0.28 0.48 0.79 0.18 0.31 0.73 1.14 0.68 0%
0.90 0.18 0.24 0.43 0.71 0.16 0.28 0.65 1.02 0.61 '"r
~.
;:;,.
Sweet whey powder 11.90 0.95 0.19 0.26 0.45 0.75 0.17 . 0.30 0.69 1.08 0.64 ~
0.86 0.17 0.23 0.41 0.67 0.15 0.27 0.61 0.97 0.58 <:;.
;:;;
'-;

Whole milk powder 25.00 2.00 0.40 0.55 0.95 1.58 0.35 0.63 1.45 2.28 1.35 ~
1.80 0.36 0.48 0.86 1.42 0.32 0.56 1.29 2.05 1.22 0
~
'";:;;
*Figures in bold numbers are digestible amino acid compositions :J!
'"
I::>...
~
()'<;
;;l
ft
;:;;
t:;-
 Table 6. Total and digestible amino acid compositions of common feed ing redients for poultry. *
Q
~
Feed ingredient Crude Lysine Methio- Cystine Met+ Threo- Trypto- Argi- Isoleu- Leucine Valine ~
Protein % % nine% % Cys% nine% phan% uine% ciue% % % ::::::

1. ENERGY SOURCES
Banana meal, peeled 5.40 0.19 0.07 0.06 0.13 0.16 0.04 0.27 0.16 0.27 0.20
0.09 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.07 0.02 0.13 0.08 0.13 0.10

Barley 11.30 0.40 0. 18 0.27 0.45 0.38 0.13 0.54 OA1 0.78 0.59
0.31 0.15 0.23 0.38 0.30 0.11 . 0.46 0.33 0.66 0.48

Cassava, residue 2.20 0.08 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.06 0.02 0.11 0.06 0. 11 0.08
0.06 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.01 0.08 0.05 0.08 0.06

Cassava Meal 3.80 0.14 0.05 0.04 0.09 0.11 0.03 019 0.11 0. 19 0.14
0.10 0.04 0.03 0.07 0.08 0.02 0.14 0.08 0.14 0.11
CO
0 Com, cooked 6.85 0.22 0.16 0.16 0.32 0.25 0.06 0.32 0.25 0.83 0.33
0.20 0.14 0.15 0.29 0.22 0.05 0.31 0.23 0.80 0.30

Com, yellow (imported) 8.60 0.27 0.19 0.20 0.39 0.3 1 0.07 OAO 0.31 1.06 OA2
0.24 0.18 0.18 0.36 0.28 0.07 0.38 0.28 1.02 0.39

Com, yellow (local) 8.05 0.26 0.18 0.19 0.37 0.29 0.07 0.38 0.29 0.97 OAO
0.23 0.17 0.18 0.34 0.26 0.06 0.37 0.27 0.93 0.37

Oat, jockey 12 .00 OA7 0.19 0.36 0.55 OA1 0.16 0.78 0.46 0.86 0.62
0.40 0.16 0.31 0.47 0.35 0.14 0.71 0.41 0.79 0.53

Oat, meal 11.38 0.44 0.18 0.34 0.52 0.39 0.15 0.74 OA3 0.82 0.59
0.38 0.15 0.29 0.44 0.33 0.13 0.67 0.38 0.75 0.50

Oat, unhulled 9.67 0.38 0.15 0.29 0.44 0.33 0. 13 0.63 0.37 0.70 0.50
0.32 0.13 0.25 0.38 0.28 0.11 0.57 0.33 0.63 0.43

Rice, broken 7.50 0.25 0.17 0.18 0.35 0.28 0.06 0.36 0.27 0.89 0.37
0.22 0.16 0.17 0.32 0.25 0.06 0.35 0.25 0.86 0.34
- Pi) IIn:s in hold I1l1llliwf., ill " di l'\·,.lihh· :lIl1in fl a~id "'<lInpOSili'''I'
 'I'll h h' (, nllll i 1111 t·cI ...

Feed ingredient Crude Lysine Methio- Cystine Met+ Threo- Trypto- Argi- lsoleu- Leucine Valine
Protein % % nine% % Cys % nine% phan% nine% cine % % %

Rice, cooked (imported) 9.00 0.22 0.18 0.18 0.33 0.27 0.06 0.35 0.26 0.97 0.35
0.20 0.16 0.17 0.26 0.25 0.05 0.35 0.26 0.97 0.35

Rice, paddy 7.30 0.29 0.13 0.20 0.3 3 0.28 0.09 0.38 0.29 0.50 0.38
0.23 0.10 0.17 0.28 0.22 0,07 0.32 0.24 0.43 0.31

Sorghum 9.00 0.2 1 0.17 0.19 0.36 0.28 0.09 0.31 0.36 1.17 0.45
0.19 0.15 0.16 0.31 0.24 0.08 0.29 0.33 l.09 0.32 ?:
~

~.
Wheat flour, feed grade 14.42 0.42 0.22 0.30 0.52 0.39 0.13 0.65 0.50 0.92 0.62 ~
0.36 0.21 0.27 0.47 0.33 0.12 0.62 0.46 0.87 0.56 0
~
<:>
Wheat, Brazilian 13.71 0.40 0.23 0.31 0.54 0.41 0.18 0.64 0.49 0.90 0.61 ~.
,...
00 0.33 0.20 0.28 0.48 0.33 0.15 0.55 0.42 0.81 0.54 ~.
<:>
....100 ;:,

Wheat, Chinese 12.9 0.38 0.22 0.29 0.51 0.38 0.17 0.60 0.47 0.85 0.58 '"
;,.
~
0.31 0.19 0.26 0.45 0.31 0.14 0.52 0.40 0.77 0.50 c::
~
Wheat, Danish 49 .96 0.29 0.17 0.23 0.39 0.29 0.13 0.46 0.36 0.66 0.44 '"t:-<
0.24 0.15 0.20 0.35 0.24 0.11 0.40 0.31 0.59 0.38
~:
~
Wheat, Russian 12.00 0.35 0.20 0.27 0.47 0.36 0.15 0.56 0.43 0.79 0.54 ~.
;,.
0.29 0.18 0.24 0.42 0.29 0.13 0.50 0.37 0.71 0.46 <-,

~
Wheat, Ukraine 11 .27 0.33 0.19 0.26 0.45 0.33 0.14 0.52 0.41 0.74 0.50 0
~
0.27 0.16 0.23 0.39 0.27 0.13 0.45 0.35 0.67 0.43
<:>
;:;
Wheat, US millillg 1l.75 0.34 0.20 0.27 0.46 0.35 0. 15 0.54 0.42 0.78 0.52
0.28 0.17 0.24 0.41 0.29 0.13 0.47 0.36 0.70 0.45 ~
'"~
~
o.i;
;;,
~
;:,
'Figures in hold numbers are digestible amino acid composit ions ~
 Table 6 coutiuued ...
6)
Feed ingredient Crude Lysine Methio- Cystine Met+ Threo- Trypto- Argi- Isoleu- Leucine Valine ~
Protein % % nine% % Cys% nine % phan% nine% cine % % % ~
:::::
A. Animal and Marine Protein Sources
Blood meal, drum dried 80.00 5.04 1.04 1.04 2.08 3.04 1.04 6.00 . 3.92 6.56 4.08
4.28 0.95 0.82 1.77 2.71 0.97 5.16 3.06 5.90 3.59

Blood meal, spray dried 90.00 8.28 1.13 1.08 2.21 3.96 1.31 3.70 0.99 10.80 7.18
7.04 1.03 0.85 1.88 3.52 1.21 3.18 0.77 9.18 6.32

Egg powder, whole, 46.00 2.72 1.02 0040 1.43 1.63 0.34 2.80 1.93 3.40 2.37
spray dried 2.45 0.94 0.30 1.27 1.50 0.31 2.63 1.82 3.20 2.18

Fish meal, Chilean 64.50 4.92 1.81 0.62 2.43 2.73 0.67 3.93 2.71 4.77 3.32
4.57 1.63 0.51 2.14 2.43 0.57 3.85 2.46 4.58 3.19

Fish meal, Japanese red 68 .50 5.38 1.97 0.67 2.64 2.96 0.74 4. 17 2.88 5.07 3.53
00 4.84 1.81 0.50 2.35 2.72 0.69 3.92 2.70 4.76 3.25
II.)

Fish meal, local sardines 49.40 3.12 1.16 0.44 1.61 1.83 0.40 3.01 2.07 3.65 2.54
(50%) 2.81 1.07 0.33 1.43 1.68 0.37 2.83 1.95 3.43 2.34

Fish meal , local tuna (55%) 54.60 4. 17 1.53 0.53 2.06 2.31 0.57 3.33 2.29 4.04 2.81
3.75 1.41 0.39 1.83 2.13 0.53 3.13 2.16 3.80 2.59

Fish meal, local tuna (60%) 59. 19 4.52 1.66 0.57 2.23 2.51 0.62 3.60 2.49 4.38 3.05
4.07 1.53 0.42 1.99 2.31 0.57 3.39 2.34 4.12 2.80

Fish meal, Menhaden 64. 18 4.90 1.80 0.62 2.42 2.72 0.67 3.91 2.70 4.75 3.31
4.41 1.65 0.46 2.15 2.50 0.62 3.67 2.53 4.46 3.04

Fish meal, Peruvian 63 .51 4.85 1.78 0.62 2.39 2.69 0.66 3.87 2.67 4.70 3.27
4.37 1.64 0.46 2.13 2.47 0.62 3.79 2.51 4.42 3.01

Plasma Protein 78 .23 4.93 1.02 1.02 2.03 2.97 1.03 5.87 3.83 6.41 3.99
4.19 0.93 0.80 1.73 2.65 0.95 5.05 2.99 5.77 3.51

Poultry by-product meal 50.00 2.38 0.66 0.39 1.05 1.45 0.29 3.51 1.18 3. 15 2.35
1.95 0.55 0.24 0.78 1.16 0.23 2.98 0.98 2.68 1.95
*Figures in bold numbers an! di ges tibl e amino acid compositions
 'fable (j l:ontinucd."

Feed ingredient Crude Lysine Methio- Cystine Met+ Threo- 'frypto- Argi- Isoleu- Leucine Valine
Protein % % nine % % Cys% nine% phan% nine% cine % % %

Poultry by-product mea l 50.00 2.38 0.66 0.39 1.05 IA5 0.29 3.51 l.l8 3.15 2.35
1.95 0.55 0.24 0.78 1.16 0.23 2.98 0.98 2.68 1.95

Poultry meal , 66.00 3.62 1.00 0.73 1.73 2.30 0.51 4.63 1.79 4.16 3. 10
pet food grade 2.96 0.83 0.45 1.28 1.84 0.42 3 .93 1.48 3.53 2.57

Poultry meal, feed grade 61.00 3.23 0.90 0.62 1.52 2.03 OA4 4.28 1.60 3.84 2 .87
2.65 0.74 0.39 1.12 1.63 0.36 3.63 1.33 3.27 2.38 ?
",,-"

~.
Pork meal, 45 % 44 .85 2.26 0.63 OAI l.04 IAI 0.30 3.14 1.12 2.83 2 .11 ;:;
.....
1.85 0.52 0.25 0.77 1.12 0.24 2.77 0.93 2.40 1.75
~
Pork meal, 50% 49.50 2.50 0.69 OA5 1.14 1.55 0.33 3A7 1.24 3. 12 2.33 ~
~
~.
00 2.05 0.57 0.28 0.85 1.24 0.26 2.95 1.15 2.75 1.93 ~.
(.,.) ;:;

Pork meal, 55% 55.09 2.78 0.77 0.50 1.27 1.73 0.36 3.88 1.38 3A7 2.59 ~
I:>..
2.28 0.64 0.31 0.94 1.38 0.29 3.28 1.14 2.95 2.15
s:
Pork meal , 60% 60Al 3.05 0.85 0.55 1.39 1.89 OAO 4.23 1.51 3.81 2.84 ~
'"
~
2.50 0.70 0.34 1.03 1.51 0.32 3.60 1.25 3.23 2.36
~.
Pork mea l, 65% 64 .98 3.28 0.91 0.59 1.50 2.04 OA3 4 .56 1.62 4.09 3.05
~.
2.69 0.75 0.37 1.11 1.63 0.35 3.87 1.35 3.60 2.69 1;;
~
Poultry meal 61.00 3.23 0.90 0.62 1.52 2.03 OA4 4.28 1.60 3.84 2.87
2.65 0.74 0.39 1.12 1.63 0.36 3.63 1.33 3.27 2.38 ~
~
~
Shrimp meal, shell 1.84 0.44 0.91 2.51 ;:;
39.90 0. 18 0.62 0.15 2.80 0.80 1.88
1.31 0.37 0.11 0.46 0.73 0.12 2.38 0.66 2.14 1.56 :Ji
'"
I:>..
Shrimp meal, head 46 .50 2. 10 0.58 0.32 0.90 1.26 0.24 3.26 1.05 2.93 2.19
.....
~
1.73 0.48 0.20 0.67 1.01 0.20 2.77 0.87 2.49 1.81 ~
!t
;:;
*Fi gu res in bold numbers are digestible amino acid compositions
<:::
 Table 6 continued ...
Q
{J.
Feed ingredient Crude Lysine Methio- Cystine Met+ Threo- Trypto- Argi- Isoleu- Leucine Valine ~
Protein % % nine% % Cys% nine% phan% nine% cine % % % ~

B. Plant Protein Sources

Black beans 39.50 1.91 0.28 0.60 0.88 1.38 0.30 4. 15 1.66 2.85 1.58
1.64 0.15 0.53 0.72 1.20 0.23 3.94 . 1.49 2.57 1.38

Canola meal 35.50 2.02 0.73 0.91 1.64 1.49 0.43 2. 13 1.40 2.49 1.81
1.66 0.66 0.72 1.39 1.25 0.37 1.87 1.18 2.21 1.54

Cowpea 21.50 1.04 0.15 0.33 0.48 0.75 0.15 2.26 0.90 1.55 0.86
0.89 0.11 0.29 0.39 0.65 0.13 2.14 0.81 1.40 0.75

Dun peas 22.90 1.11 0.16 0.35 0.51 0.80 0. 17 2.40 0.96 1.65 0.91
0.95 0.12 0.30 0.42 0.70 0.14 2.28 0.86 1.48 0.80

CO Feed peas 22.30 1.67 0.27 0.21 0.48 0.94 0.24 1.40 1.10 1.80 1.30
~
1.45 0.22 0.16 0.38 0.78 0.20 1.26 0.92 1.55 1.05

Green peas 21.00 1.37 0.30 0.33 0.63 0.82 0.28 1.55 1.00 1.64 1.03
1.25 0.28 0.28 0.55 0.72 0.26 1.41 0.91 1.49 0.93

Ipil-ipilleafmeal 20.00 0.80 0.32 0.40 0.72 0.66 0.27 1.25 0.65 1.24 0.92
0.66 0.26 0.32 0.58 0.51 0.22 1.10 0.52 1.03 0.75

Lupins, sweet 30.20 1.45 0.21 0.46 0.67 1.06 0.23 3.17 1.27 2.17 1.21
1.25 0.15 0.40 0.55 0.92 0.18 3.01 1.14 1.96 1.05

Lupins, dehulled 36.00 1.74 0.25 0.55 0.80 1.26 0.27 3.78 1.51 2.60 1.44
1.49 0.18 0.48 0.66 1.10 0.21 3.59 1.36 2.34 1.25

Lupins, speckled 28.10 1.35 0.20 0.43 0.62 0.98 0.21 2.95 1.18 2.02 1.12
1.16 0.14 0.38 0.51 0.85 0.17 2.80 1.06 1.82 0.98

Rice bean (tapilan) 18.60 0.90 0.13 0.28 0.41 0.65 0.14 1.96 0.78 1.34 0.75
0.77 0.09 0.25 0.34 0.57 0.11 1.86 0.70 1.21 0.65
'Figures in bold numbers are digestible a mino acid compositions
 'n.hlc. () (·ClIItiuIICd ...

Feed ingredient Crude Lysine Methio- Cystine Met+ Threo- Trypto- Argi- Isoleu- Leucine Valine
Protein % % nine% % Cys% nine% phan% nine% cine % % %

Soybean meal, US high 47.65 3.06 0.69 0.74 1.43 1.86 0.64 3.47 2.26 3.68 2.31
protein I 2.67 0.63 0.63 1.26 1.64 0.59 3.16 2.06 3.35 2.08

Soybean meal, US high 46.74 3.01 0.68 0.72 1.40 1.82 0.63 3.41 2.22 3.65 2.29
protein 2 . 2.63 0.61 0.63 1.23 1.57 0.57 3.11 2.02 3.32 2.06

Soybean meal , US low 43.10 2.73 0.63 0.67 1.29 1.68 0.58 3.07 2.05 3.36 2.1 1
protein 2.30 0.57 0.57 1.14 1.46 0.53 2.80 1.86 3.06 1.90
:z:
Soybean meal , China low 42.70 2.69 0.62 0.66 1.28 1.67 0.58 3.03 2.03 3.33 2.09 '"
S
protein 2.26 0.56 0.56 1.13 1.47 0.52 2.76 1.85 3.03 1.88 ~
..,.
Soybean meal, Indian 52.52 3.38 0.76 0.81 1.58 2.05 0.71 3.84 2.49 4.10 2.57 0
dchulled 2.96 0.69 0.69 1.39 1.80 0.65 3.49 2.27 3.73 2.32 ~
(X)
'"~.
~.
CJ1 Soybean, Indian 47.30 3.01 0.69 0.73 1.42 1.84 0.64 3.40 2.25 3.69 2.32 '";:.;
undehulled 2.57 0.62 0.62 1.25 1.62 0.58 3.09 2.04 3.36 2.09 ~
"'-
r
Soybean, Brazilian, high 46.60 2.96 0.68 0.72 1.40 1.82 0.63 3.35 2.21 3.63 2.28 c;-'

protein 2.53 0.61 0.61 1.23 1.60 0.57 3.05 2.01 3.30 2.05 I>~
'"
t-<
~.
Soybean, full fat 35.72 2.29 0.52 0.55 1.07 1.39 0.48 2.60 1.70 2.79 1.75 ::'.:
2.00 0.47 0.47 0.94 1.23 0.44 2.37 1.54 2.54 1.58 t::
.....
c·
;::s
'->
Safflower seeds 15 .00 0.54 0.32 0.28 0.60 0.56 0. 18 1.21 0.63 0.94 0.75
~
0.42 0.27 0.22 0.50 0.47 0.16 1.11 0.55 0.77 0.65
0
Sunflower seeds 16.50 0.60 0.35 0.3 1 0.66 0.61 0 .20 1.33 0.70 1.03 0.83 ~
0.46 0.30 0.25 0.55 0.51 0.17 1.23 0.60 0.85 0.71 '";:.;
:J1
Vetch seeds 26.90 1.30 0.19 0.41 0.60 0.94 0.20 2.83 1.13 1.94 1.08 '"
"'-
1.12 0.13 0.36 0.49 0.82 0.16 2.69 1.02 1.75 0.94 :;;--
~
White peas 28.00 1.35 0.20 0.43 0 .62 0.98 0.21 2.94 l.l 8 2.02 1.12 ~
:::;
1.16 0.14 0.37 0.51 0.85 0.17 2.79 1.06 1.82 0.97 1::;

* Figures in bold numbers are digestible amino acid compositions

 Table 6 continued ...
Q
~
Feed ing"edient Crude Lysine Methio- Cystine Met+ Threo- Trypto- Argi- Isoleu- Leucine Valine ~
Protein % % nine% % Cys% nine% phan% nine% cine % % % :::::

III. MILLING AND FACTORY BY-PRODUCTS

Bakery by-products 11.10 0.26 0.22 0.30 0.48 0.35 0.09 0.54 0.43 0.84 0.53
0.13 0.13 0.18 0.31 0.20 0.07 0.41 .0.30 0.62 0.35

Brewer's dried spent grain 23.50 0.94 0.38 0.47 0.84 0.77 0.32 1.47 0.76 1.45 1.08
0.77 0.30 0.38 0.68 0.60 0.26 1.29 0.61 1.21 0.87

Brewer's dried yeast 45.00 2.88 0.65 0.70 1.35 1.76 0.61 3.26 2.14 3.51 2.21
2.49 0.59 0.59 1.19 1.54 0.55 2.97 1.95 3.19 1.98

Copra meal, expeller 21.00 0.53 0.32 0.32 0.63 0.67 0.17 2.31 0.74 1.32 1.16
0.26 0.24 0.15 0.41 0.46 0.10 1.99 0.52 0.97 0.85
0)
0') Com bran 9.00 0.40 0. 17 0.19 0.36 0.36 0.09 0.61 0.32 0.8 1 0.50
0.29 0.13 0.13 0.27 0.27 0.07 0.49 0.24 0.65 0.38

Com germ meal, expeller, 12.50 0.55 0.24 0.26 0.50 0.5 0 0.13 0.85 0.44 1.13 0.69
dry 0.40 0.18 0.19 0.36 0.37 0.10 0.68 0.33 0.90 0.53

Com germ meal , solvent, 20.10 0.88 0.38 0.42 0.80 0.80 0.20 1.37 0.70 1.81 1.11
wet 0.64 0.29 0.31 0.60 0.59 0.16 1.09 0.53 1.45 0.85

Com gluten feed 18.28 0.58 0.35 0.42 0.77 0.68 0.12 0.88 0.60 1.83 0.88
0.44 0.30 0.30 0.60 0.54 0.10 0.78 0.51 1.61 0.75

Com gluten meal 60 .00 1.02 1.50 1.08 2.58 2.04 0.36 2.01 2.40 9.90 2.70
0.92 1.46 0.93 2.40 1.88 0.32 1.91 2.28 9.60 2.57

Distiller'S dried grain 26.00 0.77 0.38 0.60 0.98 0.72 0.34 1.35 1.00 1.71 1.22
soluble (DOGS) 0.61 0.31 0.42 0.73 0.58 0.25 1.08 0.80 1.36 0.98

Palm kernel meal 19.00 0.48 0.29 0.29 0.57 0.61 0.1 5 2.09 0.67 1.20 1.05
0.24 0.22 0.14 0.37 0.42 0.09 1.80 0.47 0.87 0.77
"Figures in bold numbers are digestibl e a mino ac id compos ition s
 Tablc (, (;OllUllllCti .••

Feed ingredient Crude Lysine Methio- Cystine Met+ Threo- Trypto- Argi- Isoleu- Leucine Valine
Protein % % nine % % Cys % nine% phan % nine % cine % % %

Rice bran, D\ 12. 14 0.55 0.25 0.26 0.51 0.45 0.14 0.99 0.42 0.87 0.65
0.42 0.20 0.17 0.37 0.34 0.10 0.87 0.32 0.66 0.50

Rice bran, D2 10.00 0.46 0.20 0.21 0.42 0.3 9 0.12 0.71 0.35 0.72 0.54
0.35 0.15 0.14 0.31 0.29 0.09 0.62 0.27 0.55 0.42

Rice bran, defatted 20.10 0.9 1 0.44 0.42 0.85 0.73 0.23 1.83 0.70 1.45 1.08
0.69 0.34 0.29 0.62 0.54 0.17 1.61 0.53 1.l0 0.83 ?
...i;l::::-1.
Scrap noodles 12.90 0.55 0.24 0.57 0.53 0.45 0. 19 0.91 0.48 0.88 0.62 ;:,.
0.47 0.20 0.25 0.45 0.38 0.16 0.77 0.41 0.75 0.53 ()
Soy hulls 8. 00 0.52 0.12 0.12 0.24 0.31 0. 11 0.40 0.32 0.51 0.39 ~
CO 0.34 0.08 0.08 0.16 0.20 0.07 0.26
'"
~.
0.21 0.33 0.25 <;; .
...... :::l

Spaghetti trimmings 14.20 0.57 0.23 0.30 0.53 0.45 0. 18 0.88 0.48 0. 89 0.65 !:i
0.48 0.20 0.25 0.44 0.37 0.16 0.81 0.41 0.77 0.56 "'-
r
c-<
(}>g
Wheat po llard, hard 17.19 0.69 0.28 0.34 0.62 0.57 0.23 1.07 0.56 1.07 0.79 '"
~
0.56 0.22 0.28 0.50 0.44 0.19 0.95 0.45 0.88 0.64

Wheat pollard, soft 15.41 0.62 0.25 0.31 0.55 0.51 0.2 1 0.96 0.50 0.96 0.71 ~.
0.51 0.20 0/25 0.45 0.39 0.17 0.85 0.40 0.79 0.57 ~
~
IV. DAIRY/SOY PRODUCTS ()
~
::;

Buttermilk powder, dried 32.00 2.56 0.51 0.71 1.22 2.02 0.45 :Ji
2.33 0.59 0.70 1.19 1.85 0.40 tt
~
<>;:;
Lactose powder 0.40 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 ~
0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.D2 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.D2 ~
::;;
t::-
*Figures in bold numbers are digestible amino acid compositions
 Table 6 continued ... Q
~
Feed ingredient Crude Lysine Methio- Cystine Met+ Threo- Trypto- .Argi- Isoleu- Leucine Valine ~
Protein % % nine% % Cys % nine% phan % nine % cine % % % :::::

Milk replacer I 40.35 3.23 0.65 0.89 1.53 2.54 0.56 1.01 2.34 3.67 2.18
2.94 0.61 0.89 1.50 2.34 0.50 1.01 2.11 3.30 1.96

Milk replacer 2 26.76 2.14 0.43 0.59 1.02 1.69 0.37 0.67 1.55 2.44 1.45
1.85 0.41 0.59 1.00 1.55 0.33 0.67 1.40 2.19 1.34

Skimmilk powder, dried 33.50 2.68 0.54 0.74 1.27 2.11 0.47 0.84 1.94 3.05 1.8[
2.44 0.51 0.74 1.25 1.94 0.42 0.84 1.75 2.74 1.68

Soy protein concentrate 65.00 4.29 0.94 1.0 I 1.95 2.54 0.88 4.9 1 3.09 5.07
3.93 0.86 0.86 1.72 2.33 0.80 4.47 2.81 4.61

Sweet whey powder 11.90 0.95 0.19 0.26 0.45 0.75 0.17 0.30 0.69 1.08 0.64
00 0.87 0.18 0.26 0.41 0.69 0.15 0.30 0.62 0.97 0.60
00
Whole milk powder 25 .00 2.00 0.40 0.55 0.95 1.58 0.35 0.63 1.45 2.28 1.35
1.82 0.38 0.48 0.93 1.45 0.31 0.63 1.31 2.05 1.26

*Figures in bold numbers are digestible arnino acid cornpositions

 Table 7. Nutrient composition of common roughagl'!I (d ..y m:lU,'" h:lsis).

Forage Scientific Name D\1 Ml.'* TDN CP Ca P NDF ADF IVDMD

% (Meal) % % % % % % %

Alabang X Dicanthium aristatum

28 days 25.2 2.0 55.6 12.3
56 days 26.7 1.8 49.8 6.0
84 days 33.9 1.0 28.9 2.4

Cogon grass Imperata cylindrica 32.4 1.4 39.2 4.9 0.06 0.06
~
Com si lage Zea l/1ays 30-35 2.4-2.5 65-70 7.5-8.5 0.30 0.30 ~
~.
....
Com stover Zea mays 89.0 1.7 47.0 3.6 0.62 0.90
~
~
Com stover silage Zea mays 33-45 1.8-2.0 50-56 5-7 0.30 0.30 '";::;.
~.
00
CO :::t
Gamba grass Andropogon gayanus
~
45 days old 23.82 9.94 74.23 46.47 44.68 I:>..
c::
Golden timothy Setaria sphacelata 18.58 12.35 71.79 41.95 55.46 is
~

Guinea grass Pallicum maximum ~

l::l
21 days 22.7 2.1 58.1 11.0 §:'
~.
42 days 24.0 2.1 57.9 7.9 ;"
<-.
45 days 24.67 10.78 73.74 47.36 4056 ~
56 days 24.6 2.0 54.1 6.1
~
~
25.0 1.9 52.0 10.3 0.74 0.47
Kikuyu Pennisetum clandestinum ;"

Vegetative 20.0 2.3 63.0 24.0

[
;;;-<
~
*'"
<'>

~
 Table 7 continued ... 9
~
~
Forage Scientific Name 1M ME* TON CP Ca P NDF ADF IVDMD
~
% (Meal) % % % % % % %

Napier grass Pennisetum purpureum

21 da ys 16.6 2.2 61.4 15 .1
42 days 20.3 2.1 58.6 9.8
45 days (local 17.5 9.6 68.00 46.00 60.49
variety)
45 days (hybrid, 17.1 10.9 68.82
Florida)
56 days 20.5 2.1 57.6 7.8
22.0 2.0 55 .0 9.5 0.42 0.39
Pangola grass Digitaria decumbens
28 days 15.1 2.0 56 .3 10.6
56 days 23.0 1.9 51.3 6.1
CO 84 days 26.0 1.9 51.5 3.1
0

Paragrass Brachiaria mutica 21.0 2. 1 58.0 6.5 0.55 0.33

Rice straw Oryza sativa 26.0 2.0 56.0 7.9 0.35 0.33

Star grass CYllodon plectostachyus 90.0 1.7 47 .0 3.8 0.32 0.10

23.0 2.3 63 .0 12.4 0.50 0.47
Splendid grass, Setaria splendida
45 days old 15.6 10.2 71.95 41.60 57.68
Sugarcane tops Saccharum officinarum 31.0 1. 9 52.0 6.4 0.20 0.17
 Forage Scientific Name 0\1 ME* TDN CP Ca P NDF AOF IVOMO
% (Meal) % % % % % % %

B. Legumes

Acacia Leaves Samallea saman 22.8 56.85 42.07 38.38

Calopo Calopogonium muconoides 26.0 2.3 64.0 15.6 1.98 0.20

Centro Centrosema pubescens :;-

42 days 18.5 2.3 64.3 27.6 §~
()3 days 20.2 2.2 61.4 25.7
~
x4 days 22.3 2.2 60.5 22.4
0
Vigna sinensis 24.0 1.7 48.0 20.8 l.l5 0.34
~
Cowqea hay ""~:
i::'
<.0
""""
...lo.
Cesn,anthus Desmanthus virgarus 88.0 2.1 57.0 20.4 1.60 0.69
§
"'-
Desmodium Desmodium rensonii 23.8 35.41 49.82 S
~
V<:>
Flemengia Flemel1gia macrophylla 21.3 66.17 53 .22 32.97 '"
~
:::;..
Kakawate G/iricidia sepium 26.4 31.20 20.60 ~
<:;.
21.4 49.22 39.63
Kudzu Pueraria phaseoloides '"
~.

~
20.8 2.2 60.6 19.4
21.0 2.1 59.0 15.3 I.! 0.24
0
~
Young '"~
'"
::,

""
""
"'-
-.
v~
~
~
~
.~
 Table 7 continued .. .

Forage Scientific Name Il\1 ME* TDN CP Ca P NDF ADF IVDMD

% (Meal) % % % % % % %

Ipil-ipil Leucaena leucocephala

Leaves 29.2 2.1 59.2 27.4
Tops 27.8 2.6 71.2 21.9
26.9 31.40 19.60
24.4 51.71 34.73 48 .64

Moringa Moringa olefira 29.3 36.21 24.06 67.52

Peanut hay Arachis hypogeu 85.0 2.0 55.0 17.3 1.23 0.15

Pigeon pea, straw Cajanus cajan 90.0 2.0 54.0 10.7 1.13 0.36

<0 Sesbania Sesbania grandiJIora 31.0 20.30 16.50

I\)

Stylosanthes Sty losanth es guianensis 16.7 62.54 47.45 56.06

DM - dry ma tter; ME - metabolizable energy; TDN - total digestible nutrients ; C P - crude prot e in ; Ca - calcium; P - phosphorus; NDF - neutral
detergent fiber ; ADF - acid detergent fiber ; IVDMD - in vitro dry matter digestibility

• ME values were calculated using a factor of 3.62 ME (Mcal) = I kg TDN.

Sources: ADSC, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Banos.

Dairy Training and Research In stitute, ADSC, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Banos.
Philippine Carabao Center at University of the Philippines Los Banos .
 'I'll hll- H. '{,','um 1IIt:1I(ll'd 11111 \ 1III II III
'III ,)(1111" ~.

Feed ingredient Broiler Layer/Breeder Reasons for Limitation/

Remarks
Booster Starter Finisher Starter Grower Layer

I. ENERGY SOURCES

Banana meal, peeled NR 5 10 5 10 10 Dustiness; inconsistent quality

Banana meal, unpeeled NR NR 5 NR 5 5 Dustiness; inconsistent quality
Barley, hulled NR NR 5 NR 5 5 Presence of non-starch polysaccharides
(NSPs)
Cassava meal, peeled (for pellet) NR 5 10 5 10 10 Dustiness; presence of hydrocyanic acid, ~
>:::
low protein content
~.
Cassava meal, peeled (for mash) NR 3 5 3 5 5 Dustiness; presence of hydrocyanic acid; ;:,
....
low protein content
Cassava meal, unpeeled (for pellet)
0
NR NR 5 NR 5 5 Dustiness; presence of hydrocyanic acid;
~
(Q
low protein content '"::::-:
\:l
Cassava meal, unpeeled (for mash) NR NR NR NR NR NR Dustiness; presence of hydrocyanic acid;
(..l
low protein content
'"
;:,
I::>
;:,
Com, yellow (local) * * * * * * Price dictates the level in the diet "'-
Oat, whole NR NR 5 NR 5 5 High fiber c::
Sorghwn 10 20 30 30 30 40 Tannic acid ~"-
Sugar, brown NR NR NR NR NR NR Not recommended in poultry diets t-<
~.
Wheat, hard * * * * * * Requires enzyme (specific for wheat) at
~.
high levels and also pigmenters ~.
Wheat, soft * * * * * * Requires enzyme (specific for wheat) at
high levels, and also pigmenters ~
'"
<.,

0
II. PROTEIN SOURCES ~
A. Animal and Marine Protein Sources '"
'~"
Blood meal, drum dried NR NR 3 NR 3 3 Low digestibility; unpalatable; low it
Egg powder, whole, isoleucine content &;;l
spray dried '" * * * * * Cost
~
NR - means "not recommended" '"
~

*The amount in the diet or ration is influenced by cost and nutrient content.
 Table 8 continued ...
Q
~
Feed ingredient Broiler LayerlBreeder Reasons for Limitation/ ~
Remarks ......
......
Booster Starter Finisher Starter Grower Layer

Fish meal, impol1ed 8 8 5 8 6 6 Cost

Fish meal, local 3 5 3 5 5 5 High salt content; inconsistent quality
Meat and bone meal (50%) 2 5 5 5 5 5 Cost; inconsistent quality
Plasma Protein * * * * * * Cost
Poultry by-product meal NR 3 7 3 7 7 Cost
Squid meal 2 8 5 8 6 6 Cost
Squid liver meal 2 8 5 8 6 6 Cost

B. Plant Protein Sources

Ipil-ipilleafmeal NR NR 3 NR 5 5 Toxicity (mimosine); high fiber content

CD ITI. MILLING AND FACTORY BY-PRODUCTS

,J::o.
Bakery by-products * * * * * * Cost and supply
Brewer's dried spent grain NR 3 5 3 5 10 High fiber; low lysine content
Copra meal , expeller NR 5 10 5 10 10 High fiber; poor protein quality, low
protein digestibility
Com bran NR 5 10 5 10 10 High fiber; low lysine content myco toxin
Com germ meal NR 5 10 5 10 10 High fiber; poor protein quality, myco toxin
Corn gluten feed NR 5 5 5 5 5 High fiber; poor protein quality, mycotoxin
DDGS (Distillers dried NR 10 15 5 10 15 Variable quality due to processing, low
grains with solubles) protein solubility
Molasses NR 3 5 3 5 5 Low protein; high level cause mixing
problems; has laxative effect due to
high potassium content
Rice bran, D, 3 10 15 10 20 20 High fiber
Rice bran, Dl NR 5 10 5 10 10 High fiber
Wheat pollard, hard NR 5 10 5 15 15 High fiber
Wheat pollard , soft NR 5 10 5 15 15 High fiber

NR mca ns "not recollllll cn ded "

• I'h , '"!H I '' ' III 111, ' d" I ,.1 1,I1H1" I ."n" '1\1',',1 11\ ~ ,. I I ll d IIl1l1u "I I I1 HI "I
 Tlthlc H contlnucd ...

Feed ingredient Broiler LayerlBreeder Reasons for Limitation!

Remarks
Booster Starter Finisher Starter Grower Layer

IV. DAIRY/SOY PRODUCTS

Skimmilk powder,'d ried * * * * * * Cost

Sweet whey powder * "' * * * * Cost

V. FATSANDOILS

Acidulated oil NR NR 5 NR 5 5 Rancidity; has digestibility problem

in young birds
Coconut oil 3 5 6 5 6 6 Rancidity; problem in mixing, handling
and storage of feeds
U) Com oil 3 5 6 6 6 6 Cost, rancidity
0'1 Fish oil 2 3 NR 3 3 NR Rancidity; inconsistent quality of local
sources
Palm kernel oil 3 5 5 5 5 5 Rancidity; problem in mixing, handling
and storage of feeds
Soybean oil 3 5 6 6 6 6 Cost, rancidity
Tallow NR 3 6 3 6 6 Rancidity; requires heating before use

NR - means "not recommended"

"The amount in th e diet or ration is innuenced by cos t and nutrient co ntent.
 Table 9. Recommended maximum inclusion rates (%) of common feed ingredients for swine. Q
~
~
Feed ingredient Swine Reasons for Limitation! q
Remarks
Pre-Starter Starter Grower Finisher Breeder Lactating

I. ENERGY SOURCES

Banana meal, peeled NR 5 10 10 10 10 Dustiness; inconsistent quality

Banana meal, unpeeled NR NR 5 10 10 10 Dustiness; inconsistent quality;
high ash content
Barley, hulled NR 5 20 30 30 30 Presence of non-starch polysaccharides
(NSPs); requires the use of enzyme
Cassava meal, p~eled NR 5 25 25 20 20 Dustiness;presence of hydrocyanic acid;
low protein content, aflatoxin
Cassava meal, unpeeled NR NR 10 10 10 10 Dustiness; presence of hydrocyanic acid ;
low protein content; aflatoxin
CD Com, yellow * * .. * * * Price dictates the level in the diet
(7)
Oat, whole NR 5 10 15 15 15 High fiber
Sorghum * * * * * * Tannic acid level in the diet should not
be more than 2%
Sugar, brown 10 NR NR NR NR NR Cost
Wheat, hard * * * * * * Requires enzyme (specific for wheat)
at high levels
Wheat, soft * * * * * * Requires enzyme (specific for wheat)
at high levels

II. PROTEIN SOURCES

A. Animal and Marine Protein Sources

Blood meal, drum dried NR 3 3 3 3 3 Low protein digestibility; unpalatable;

low isoleucine content
Egg powder, whole, spray dried * * * * * * Cost
Fish meal, imported 5 8 8 8 8 8 Cost
Fish meal, local 3 5 5 5 5 5 High salt content; inconsistent quality,
Salmonella
NR
.,"
means
"" 1111
U not rCGolnm
"lit lill i
~ n ct c d"
I., t 1111 11 I llillil" , .. .. I lu i Htlh •• U ~ I IUIt. HI
 Tablt.' l) t:(lnlll1lll~d ...

Feed ingredient Swine Reasons for Limitation!

Remarks
Pre-Starter Starter Grower Finisher Breeder Lactating

Meat and bone meal (50%) NR 3 5 8 8 8 Cost; inconsistent quality

Plasma Protein 5 NR NR NR NR NR Cost
Poultry by-product meal NR 5 5 8 8 8 Cost
Squid meal NR * * * * * Cost
Squid liver meal NR * * * * * Cost

B. Plant Protein Sources ~

Ipil-ipilleafmeal NR 2 5 8 3 3 Toxicity (mimosine), fiber ~,
....

III. MILLING AND FACTORY BY-PRODUCTS -aD~

CO
* ~:
...... Bakery by-products * * * * * Cost
:::t
Bl ewer's dried spent grain NR 5 10 10 15 10 High fiber; low lysine content
§i
Copra meal, expeller NR 7 15 20 15 15 High fiber; poor protein quality; "'-
mycotoxin problem c::
~
Com bran NR 7 15 20 20 20 High fiber; low lysine content; mycotoxin ~
problem
Com germ meal NR 7 10 20 20 20 Cost; mycotoxin problem
t
;::j
~'
Com gluten feed NR 5 10 20 20 20 Cost; mycotoxin problem ~
",'
DDGS (Distillers dried grains NR 10 15 15 15 20 Cost and variability in quality ;;
<-,

with solubles) ~
Molasses NR 7 8 8 8 8 Low protein; high level cause mixing D
problems, has laxative effect due to high
potassium content
~
'"
:::t
Rice bran, D, 7 10 20 30 30 30 Fiber, rancidity problem; ~
prone to adulteration it
Rice bran D2 NR 5 10 15 20 10 High fiber; prone to adulteration ~
c:<;
Wheat pollard, hard 7 10 20 30 30 30 High fiber ~
!::-:
Wheat pollard, soft 7 10 20 30 30 30 High fiber '"
:::t
1::;
NR - means "not recommended"
"The amount in the diet or ration is influenced by cost and nutrient content.
 Table 9 continued ... Q
~
Swine Reasons for Limitation! ~
Feed ingredient ~
Remarks
Pre-Starter Starter Grower Finisher Breeder Lactating

Skimmilk powder; dried 20 NR NR NR NR NR Cost

Sweet whey powder 35 5 NR NR NR NR Cost

IV. FATS AND OILS

Acidulated oil NR 3 5 5 5 5 Rancidity; need the addition of anti-
oxidantin the diet
Coconut oil 6 6 6 6 6 6 Rancidity; problem in mixing, handling and
storage
Corn oil 6 6 6 6 6 6 Cost; rancidity
Fish oil NR NR NR NR NR NR Not recommended in swine diets
CO Palm kernel oil 6 6 6 6 6 6 Rancidity; problem in mixing; handling and
00
storage
Soybean oil 6 6 6 6 6 6 Problem in mixing and handling,
Tallow 3 5 6 6 6 6 Rancidity; requires heating before use

NR - means "not recommended"

*The amount in the diet or ration is influenced by cost and nutrient content.
 'I ulll" 10. l(l'l'Olllllll'lllh'c! 11111 l 111111 III IIll'iwilon IlIh'!j ('h I) or ~O llllllon rt.-ed 11l~1'l'C11t-1l1

Feed ingredient Warmwater Finfish Reasons for Limitation!

Remarks
Fry Juvenile Adult Breeder

I. ENERGY SOURCES
Banana meal, peeled NR 5 5 5 Dustiness; inconsistent quality
Banana meal, unpeeled NR 5 5 5 Dustiness; inconsistent quality;
high ash content
Cassava meal, peeled
-for pellet 5 10 10 10 Dustiness; presence of hydrocyanic acid;
-for mash 3 5 5 5 low protein content, aflatoxin ?:
Cassava meal, unpeel ed NR 5 5 5 Dustiness; presence of hydrocyanic acid; ....
'"
::!
low protein content; aflatoxin ~-
-for pellet ....
Com, yellow (local) * * * * Price dictates the level in the diet
0
Sorghum * * * * Tannic acid level in the diet should not be
~
more than 2%
""~ -
CD
CD
Wheat, hard * * * * Requires enzyme (specifIc for wheat) at ~
",, -
::;
high levels
Wheat, soft * * * * Requires enzyme (specific for wheat) at ~
~
high levels
S
t:>
(I. PROTEIN SOURO>; ~
A. Animal and Marine Protein Sources ~
~.
t:,
Blood meal , drum dried NR 3 3 3 Low protein digestibility ; unpalatable; ~.
low isoleucine content ~
Egg powder, whole, spray dried * * * * Cost ~
Fish meal , imported * * * * Cost 0~
Fish meal, local * >I<
* * High salt content; inconsistent quality,
~
salmonella ""::t
Meat and bone meal (50%) 5 5 5 5 Cost; inconsistent quality
Variable quality
:J1
Poultry by-product meal 3 7 -7 7 It
Poultry meal * * * * Cost ~
Squid meal 8 8 8 8 Cost ~
Squid liver mea l
---- - - ---
8 8 8 8 Cost
t....
~.

NR - means "not recommended"

·The amount in the diet or ration is influenced by cost and nutrient content.
 Table 10 continued ... Q
~
~
Feed ingredient Warmwater Finfish Reasons for Limitation! ::::
Remarks
Fry Juvenile Adult Breeder

C. Plant Protein Sources

Canolameal NR 10 10 10 Poor protein quality
Com gluten meal NR 5 10 10 Imbalanced amino acid
Ipil-ipilleafmeal NR 3 5 5 Presence ofmimosine; high fiber content
Rapeseed meal NR 3 5 5 Poor protein quality; presence of
glucosinolate
Soya, fu 11- fa t 25 * * * Cost constraint
Soybean oil meal 25 * * * Cost constraint

III. MILLING AND FACTORY BY-PRODUCTS

....a.
0
0
Bakery by-products * * * * Cost and supply
Brewer's dried spent grain 3 5 5 5 High fiber; low lysine content
Copra meal , expeller 5 10 10 10 High fiber; poor protein quality;
mycotoxin problem
Com bran 5 10 10 10 High fiber; low lysine content;
mycotoxin problem
Com germ meal 5 10 10 20 High fiber content; poor protein quality
Com gluten feed 5 5 5 5 High fiber content; poor protein quality
Molasses 5 6 8 8 Low protein; high level cause mixing
problems, has laxative effect due to high
potassium content
Paddy rice (palay) NR 3 5 5 High fiber content
Rice bran, D, 10 20 25 25 Rancidity problem; variable quality
Rice bran D2 5 10 10 10 Rancidity problem; variable quality
Wheat pollard, hard 5 20 25 25 High fiber content
Wheat pollard, soft 5 20 25 25 High fiber content

NR - means "not recommended"

"The amount in the diet or ration is influenced by cost and nutrient content.
 Table 10 continued ...

Feed ingredient Warmwater Finfish Reasons for Limitation!

Remarks
Fry Juvenile Adult Breeder

1\ . DAIRY/SOY PRODUCTS

Skimmilk powder, dried . * * * Cost

Sweet whey powder * * * * Cost

V. FATS AND OILS

Coconut oil 5 6 6 6 Rancidity problem

Fi h oiJ 8 8 8 8 Rancidity problem; variable quality of
local source
alm kemcloil 5 5 5 5 Rancidity problem; problem in m ixing,
~
handling, and storage
o 5 6 6
.... ' oybe noil 6 Rancidity problem; cost
Sq uid liver oil/paste 8 8 8 8 Rancidity problem; cost
Tall w NR 3 3 3 Rancidity problem; requires heating;
mixing and handling problem

N R - meaflS " flot recommended"

*The amount in the di et or ration is influen ced uy cost and nutrient content.
Chapter []

REFERENCES

.\gribrands Quality Control Laboratory. _~gribrands Philippines, Inc. Bo. Oampol,

Pulilan, Bulacan.

l'ccd Industry Red Book. 1995. Riferelh'e and bZ(yel'J <~uide.

Indepen d nt laboratories of co mmerci"l feed companies.

J. )pe7., P. L. 1989. _\dditiyes in livestock and poultry feeding. Paper presented at

the Symposium on .-\nimal Nutrition and Economic Impact of Feed Saving,
.\ugust 9, :\Ianila Peninsula Hotel, ;\·fakati City: Ciba-Geigy (Philippines),
Inc.

Lipa Quality Control Center. Lipa City, Batangas

Lucky 4.\ Quality Control Laboratory. Lucky 4.-\ Corpo ration. Bo., Pinagbwitan,
Lipa City, Batangas

Patience, J. F, et al. 1995. Swine nutn/ion guide. 2nd ed. Prairie Swine Center.

Philippine Carabao Center. University of the Philippines at Los Banos, College, Laguna.

PJIILS:\N. 2003 . I-eed: I'lfer'eiM stal1daJ'ciJ·. yd cd. Los Banos, Lagun • Philippine Society
of .\nimal Nutritionists.

Quality Control Laboratory, _\nima l and Dairy Sciences Cluster, UPLB, College,
Llguna.

102
 CHAPTER III

NUTRIENT RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR SWINE

THE PHILS;\N NUTRIENT recommendations for swine under Philippine

. _n itions were based primarily on field experiences of many nutritionists working in
..Jierent farms and feedmills in the country. These recommendations considered the
e of breeds of pigs raised in commercial farms, ho using facilities and equipment
I. and management practices of various farms. In some nutrients, the m<L'{imum
wa nces are provided to cover the wide variations in composition, quality, and
-.ulability of nutrients in commonly used feed ingredients in different farms. Similarly,
__ alent allowances are provided to compensate for the low feed intake of pigS raised
r Philippine conditions.

Tables 11 to 13 present the PHILS"-1N nutrient recommendations. In cases

e are not adaptable, use Tables 14 to 21, the nutrient recommendations for different
- ' ses of swine from other countries. ~1ineral and vitamin reco mmendations for
_ Eferent classes of swi ne from various companies and institutions are presented in
.IDles 22 to 28.

PHILS_-1N did not make any recommendation fo r vitamins due to very limited
erience on this area. Vitamin requirements of different classes of swine are often
_p plied through vitamin premixes, thus, there is limited opportunity to properly
. .Juate the acceptable levels for differen t vitamins.

103
C/Japler III

Table 11. Nutrient recommendation for creep and pre-starter rations.

Rations
Unit Creep Pre-Starter
\\'eight range kg 2.0-8.0 8.0-22.0
reeding days 28 30
Expected ."",-DFl' kg/day 0,11 0.83
Expec ted ADG '" r g/day 190 195 200 430 440 450
Nutrient Density Unit Low Med High Low Med High

Energy (i\ [E): Protem Ratio 157 157 157 162 162 162
Nutrients
Energy, 1\ [E kcal /kg 3250 3300 3350 3150 3200 3250
Cru de protein 0/0 20,7 21.0 21.3 19.5 19,8 20,0
Calcium % (1. 00- 1.1 0) (0.95-1.08)
P (Avail) % 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54
Salt (NaCl) % 0,30 0.30 0.30 0,30 0.30 0.30
Crude fiber 0/0 <2.5 < 2.5 <2.5 < 4.0 <3.5 <3.5
Lactose 0/0 (12,00-15.00) (8,00-10,00)

Amino Acids
Lysine % 1.46 1.48 1.50 135 1.38 1.40
11 ret + Cys % 0.80 0.81 0,83 0,74 0,76 0,77
Threonine % 0.99 1.01 1.02 0,92 0.94 0.95
Tryp tophan % 0,29 0.29 0.30 0.27 0.28 0.28

Amino Acid: Energy (ME) Ratio

Lysine g/1fcal 4.49 4.48 4.48 4.29 4.30 4,30
Met + Cys g/1fcal 2.46 2.46 2.46 2,36 2.37 2.37
Threo nine g/1fcal 3.05 3,05 3.05 2,92 2,92 2,92
Tryptophan g/1lcal 0.90 0,90 0,90 0.86 0,86 0.86

Amino Acid: Lysine Ratio

Lysine % 100 100 100 100 100 100
1Iet + Cys % 55 55 55 55 55 55
'Threonine % 68 68 68 68 68 68
T ryptophan·t. ,/' " % 20 20 20 20 20 20

'"DF] = :\VCf"ge d"ly teed int~ke; tor creep feed -start of fceding IS ~t 7 days
" :\DG '" "ver"12;<' dady gain (or the period
t .. ... Tryptoph ,lll It'vl'is elll be il1c re:tsed up to 24~'o of ly sine

104
 Nutrient Recommendations for SI/Iine

Table 12. Nutrient recommendation for starter, grower and finisher rations.
Rations
Unit Starter Grower Finisher
erghtrange kg 23-41 41-63 63-100
mg days 30 30 40
ted ADFI* kg/day 1.5 2.20 2.50
.;:.s:pected ADGh g/day 600 610 620 670 690 720 770 790 820
_-uttientDensity Unit w.v Med High w.v Med High w.v Med High
.::nergy (ME) : Protein Ratio 175 175 175 186 186 186 215 215 215
~utrients
.:nergy, ~ [E kcal/kg 3100 3150 3200 2900 3000 3100 2900 3000 3100
.:rude protein % 17.5 18.0 18.3 16.0 16.5 16.8 13.5 14.0 14.4
-tUm % 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
- .\ \'ail) % 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.45 0.45 0.45
_ . t _ aCl) % 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
.-rude fiber % <5 <5 <4.5 <5.5 <5.5 <5 <7.0 <6.0 <6.0

.\.mino Acids
;;me % 1.16 1.18 1.20 1.02 1.05 1.09 0.82 0.85 0.88
- - + Cys % 0.64 0.65 0.66 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.45 0.47 0.48
~onme 0/0 0.79 0.80 0.82 0.69 0.71 0.74 0.56 0.58 0.60
-:-~tophan % 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.16 0.17 0.18

.!mino Acid: Energy (ME) Ratio

_. 5.1lle g/l'[Cal 3.74 3.75 3.75 3.52 3.50 3.52 2.83 2.83 2.84
_'" + Cys g/Mcal 2.06 2.06 2.06 1.93 1.93 1.93 1.56 1.56 1.56
".:1ueonine g/l' [cal 2.54 2.55 2.55 2.39 2.38 2.39 1.92 1.93 1.93
.!}ptophan g/i\[Cal 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.57 0.57 0.57

.\mino Acid: Lysine Ratio

- me 0/0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
. _ " + Cys % 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55
-=nrconine 0(0 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68
:-:yptophan % 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

'::)Fl = Average daily feed intake

. DG =
Average daily gain tar the period

105
Chapter lTJ .

Table 13. Nutrient recommendation for gestating, lactating, and boar rations.
Rations
Unit Gestating Lactating Boar
'Weight range kg 150-200 150-250 180
Expected i\DFI* kg/day (2.50-3.00) (4.50-6.00) 2.80

Nutrient Density Unit Inw Med High Inw Med High

Nutrients
Energy, 1\ [E kcal/kg (2750-3000) (3000-3500) 2900
Crude protein % 13.50 14.00 14.70 15.50 16.00 16.50 16.90
Calcium % 1.00 1.00 1.00 (1.0-1.2) 0.90
P (:\vail) % 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Sal t (NaCl) % 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50

Amino Acids
Lysine % 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.84 0.87 0.90 0.80
11et + Cys % 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.48
Threonine % 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.55 0.57 0.59 0.52
Tryptophan % 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.16

Amino Acid: Lysine Ratio

Lysine % 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
f.-Iet + Cys % 58 58 58 58 58 58 58
Threonine % 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
Tryptophan % 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

' :\OFI := i\vorege deily feed tntake

106
 Nutrient Re..ommmdatio1lS Jor Swine

Table 14. Nutrient recommendations for growing pig rations fed ad libitum
(90% dry matter)."

Weight: kg
Unit 3-5 5-10 10-20 20-50 50-80 80-120

~ rude protein b % 26.0 2:'.7 20.9 18.0 15.5 13.2

1ergy, l\ lEe: kcal/kg 3265 3265 3265 3265 3265 3265
True ileal digestible basis
Lysine 0/0 1.34 1.19 1.01 0.83 066 0.52
· let + Cys % 0.76 0.68 0.58 0.47 039 0.31
Threonine % 0.84 0.74 0.63 0.52 0.43 0.34
Tryptophan % 0.24 0.22 0.18 0.15 0.12 0.10
Htstidine 0/0 0.43 0.38 0.32 0.26 0.21 0.16
· leucine % 0.73 0.65 0.55 0.45 0.37 0.29
ucme % 1.35 1.20 1.02 0.83 0.67 0.51
he + Try % 1.26 1.12 0.95 0.78 0.63 0.49
\ 'a1 ine % 0.91 0.81 0.69 0.56 0.45 0.35
Apparent ileal digestible basis
L\- ine % 1.26 1.11 0.94 0.77 0.61 0.47
· ret + Cys % 0.71 0.63 0.53 0.44 0.36 0.29
.l ueonine 0/0 0.75 0.66 0.56 0.46 0.37 0.30
T ryptophan % 0.22 0.19 0.16 0.13 0.10 0.08
. tidine % 0.40 0.36 0.31 0.25 0.20 0.16
:= leucine % 0.69 0.61 0.52 0.42 0.34 0.26
: he + Try % 1.18 1.05 0.89 0.72 0.58 0.45
· 'aline % 084 0.74 0.63 0.51 0.41 0.32
Total basij;
" ~lI1e 0/0 1.50 1.35 1.15 0.95 1.50 0.60
· fet + Cys 0 '
, 0 0.86 0.76 . 0.65 0.54 0.86 0.35
· reon111e % 0.98 0.86 0.74 0.61 0.98 0.41
_ryptophan % 0.27 0.24 0.21 0.17 0.27 0.11
_= tidine % 0.48 0.43 0.36 0.30 0.48 0.19
: - leucine % 0.83 0.73 0.63 0.51 0.83 0.33
Hcme % 1.50 1.32 1.12 0.90 1.50 0.54
?!.e + Try % 1.41 1.25 1.06 0.87 1.41 0.55
- 'a1 ine % 1.04 0.92 0.79 0.64 1.04 0.40

• fixed gender (1:1 r~tio of b~rrows to gilts) of pigs with high-medium le~n growth r~te (325g/d~y of cncass
· · free le~n) from 20 to 120 kg body weight.
mde protei.u levels ~pply to coru-soybeaJl meal diets. In 3-10 kg pig fed diets with dried pla sm~ ~lld/ or
..iried milk pro ducts, protein levels will be 2·3% less than shown.
' , urnes that I\'[E is 96% of DE. III com-soy be ~ll lIIeal diets of these cnlde proteiJl levels, tvlE is 94-96% of
~E_

OHm: J\TRC (1998). J.\hltrient requiremenfs o/swine.

107
OapterlII

Table 15. Nutrient recommendations for swine starter rations:

Weight: kg
Unit Starter 1 Starter 2 Starter 3
% or amount
per Ib of diet 9-15 15-20 20-45

Crude protein % 22-24 21.0 21.0

Energy, ~fE kcal/kg
Lysine % 1.60 1.35 1.35
Met + Cys % 0.84 0.77 0.77
Threonine % 0.91 0.83 0.83
Tryptophan % 0.24 0.22 0.22

Amino acid: Lysine ratio

Lysine % 100 100 100
Met + Cys % 53 57 57
Threonine % 57 61 61
Tryptophan % 15 16 16

Minerals
Calcium % 0.90 0.80 0.80
Phosphorus % 0.75 0.65 0.65
Phosphorus, available % 0.45 0.40 0.40
Salt (NaCI) % 0.45 0.45 0.45
Iron mg 45 45 45
Copper mg 276 2.76 2.76
~[anganese mg 1.8 1.8 1.8
Zinc mg 68 45 45
Iodine mg 0.06 0.06 0.06
Selenium mg 0.14 0.14 0.14

"For com-soybean meal based diets; recommendations expressed on an "as-fed" basis.

S o"ree: U"iversity oj IIIillois. Depnrtlllwl oj A!liJllfi/ Sci",ce S",i", N "h"itioll GroliP (2000).

108
 Nutn'ent Recommendations for Swine

Table 16. Nutrient recommendations for swine grower to finisher rations!

Weight: kg
Unit Grower 1 Grower 2 Finisher
% or amount
per 1b of diet 45-80 80-120 120-170

'::rude protein % 18 16 14-16 b

i::nergy, 1-lE kcal/kg
_~ me % 0.95 0.85 O.72;O.82b
. r t + Cys % 0.59 0.53 O.46;O.57 b
:-hreorune % 0.64 0.57 O.50;O.57 b
-:-ryptophan % 0.17 0.15 O.l4;O.16 b

Amino acid: Lysine ratio

_ ~ me % 100 100 100
_ le t + Cys % 62 62 64
:hreonine % 67 67 69
_ryptophan % 18 18 19

:\Iinerals
~ cium % 0.70 0.60 0.55 '
?hosphorus % 0.55 0.50 0.45
? osphorus, available % 0.27 0.23 0.19
5al.t (NaCl) % 0.35 0.35 0.35
_-on mg 27 27 23
- o pper mg 1.8 1.8 1.6
_ Lmganese mg 1.4 1.4 1.2
Zinc mg 27 27 23
me mg 0.06 0.06 0.06
Selenium mg 0.07 0.07 0.07

Fi r com-soybean meal based diets; recommendations expressed on an "as-fed" basis.

For separate-sex feeding, the lower figure is for barrows: the higher figure is for gilts.

;..,.,,: Ulliversity of IIIillois, Deport/"'"I of Allimol Scit1lce SlI'i", N"II,'iofl Groflp (2000).

109
ChapterllI

Table 17. Nutrient recommendations for gestating sows (90% dry matter):

Body weight at breeding kg 125 150 175 200 200 200

Gestation weight gain kg 55 45 40 35 30 35
Anticipated pigs in litter 11 12 12 12 12 14

Crude protein b % 12.9 12.8 12.4 12.0 12.1 12.4

Energy, 1\1Ec kcal/kg 3265 3265 3265 3265 3265 3265
True ileal digestible basis
Lysine % 0.50 0.49 0.46 0.44 0.44 0.46
Met + Cys % 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.32 0.33
Threonine % 0.37 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.37 0.38
Tryptophan % 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09
Histidine % 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.15
Isoleucine % 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.27
Leucine % 0.48 0.47 0.44 0.41 0.41 0.44
Phe + Try % 0.48 0.48 0.46 0.44 0.44 0.46
Valine % 0.34 0.33 0.31 0.30 0.30 0.31
Apparent ileal digestible basis
Lysine % 0.45 0.45 0.42 0.40 0.40 0.42
Met + Cys % 0.30 0.31 0.30 0.29' 0.30 0.31
Threonine 0/0 0.32 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.32 0.33
Tryptophan % 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.08
Histidine 0/ 0 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.14
Isoleucine 0/ 0 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.25
Phe + Try % 0.45 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.41 0.43
Valine 0/ 0 0.31 0.30 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.28
Total basis
Lysine % 0.58 0.57 0.54 0.52 0.52 0.54
l\·fet + Cys % 0.37 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.36 0.37
Threonine % 0.44 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.44 0.45
Tryptophan % 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.11
Histidine % 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.17 0.17
Isoleucine % 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.30 0.31
Leucine % 0.50 0.49 0.46 0.42 0.43 0.45
Phe + Try % 0.54 0.54 0.51 0.49 0.49 0.51
Valine % 0.39 0.38 0.36 0.34 0.34 0.36

' Daily intakes of DE apd feed and the amino acid requirements are estimated by the gestation model.
bCrude protein and total amino acid requirements are based on com-soybean meal diet.
C.\ssumes that r-.1E is 96% of DE.

Source: NRC (1998). Nutrient requirements of swine.

110
 Nutrient Recommendatiolls Jor SJvine

Table 18. Nutrient recommendations for lactating sows (90% dry matter) ..

-ow postfarrowing weight kg 175 175 175 175 175 175

_\nticipated lactational
Weight change b kg 0 0 0 -10 -10 -10
Daily weight gain of pigs b g 150 200 250 150 200 250

Crude protein" % 16.3 17.5 1804 17.2 18.5 19.2

Energy, ~fEd kcal/kg 3265 3265 3265 3265 3265 3265
True ileal digestible basis
Lysme % 0.71 0.79 0.85 0.77 0.85 0.90
~iet + Cys % 0.35 0.39 0.41 0.39 OA2 0043
Threonine % 0045 OA9 0.52 0.50 0.53 0.56
Tryptophan % 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.17
Histidine % 0.28 0.32 0.34 0.30 0.34 0.36
soleucine % OAO 0044 0.47 0.44 OA8 0.50
Leucine % 0.80 0.90 0.96 0.87 0.97 1.03
Phe + Try % 0.80 0.89 0.95 0.88 0.97 1.02
Yaline % 0.60 0.67 0.72 0.66 0.73 0.77
Apparent ileal digestible basis
b'sine % 0.66 0.73 0.79 0.72 0.79 0.84
~let + Cys % 0.33 0.36 0.38 0.36 0.39 0040
Threonine % 0.40 0.43 0.46 0.44 0.47 0.49
Tryptophan % 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14
Histidine % 027 0.30 0.32 0.29 0.32 0.34
Isoleucine % 0.37 OA1 0044 OA1 0044 0.47
Phe + Try % 0.75 0.83 0.89 0.82 0.90 0.96
'-aline % 0.55 0.61 0.66 0.61 0.67 0.71
Total basis
Lvsine % 0.R2 0.91 0.97 0.89 0.97 1.03
~iet + Cys % 0040 0.44 0.46 OA4 0047 OA9
Threonine % 0.54 0.58 0.61 0.58 0.63 0.65
Tryptophan % 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.19
Histidine % 0.32 0.36 0.38 0.34 0.38 0040
Isoleucine % 0.45 0.50 0.53 0.50 0.54 0.57
Leucine % 0.86 0.97 1.05 0.95 1.05 1.12
Phe + Try % 0.90 1.00 1.07 O.9R 1.08 1.14
Yaline % 0.68 0.76 0.82 0.76 0.83 0.88

Daily illtake of DE aud feed and the ~ ;uino acid requiremellts are estimated by the gestatioll model.
:\ssl1mes 10 pigs per litter aud a 21-day lactation period.
'Crude protein and total amino acia requirements are based Oll coru-soybeau meal diet
' _-\ssumes that ME is 96% of DE. In com- soybean meal diets of these crude proteiu levels, ~[ E is 95-96% of
DE.

Source: NRC (1998). Nutnent re'1uirrJments 0/ swine.

111
ChapterlTI

Table 19. Digestible amino acid recommendations for sucklers and pre-starters.

Unit Creep Pre-starter

Weight range kg 2.0-6.0 6.0-18.0
Nutrient Density Low Med Higb Low Med Higb

Nutrients
Energy, ~[E kcal/kg 3200 3350 3500 3200 3300 3400
Crude protein % 22.5 23.0 24.0 19.5 20.0 20.6
Calcium % (0.9-1.0) (0.9-1.0)
Phosphorous (Avail) % 0.47 0.55 0.57 0.47 0.54 0.56
Added Salt, maximum % 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
Sodium (Na) % (0.17-0.28) (0.17 -0.30)
Lactose % 10.0 11.0 12.0 8.0 8.0 8.0

Amino Acids
Lysine % 1.10 1.22 1.33 1.02 1.11 1.24
Met + Cys % 0.66 0.73 0.80 0.80 0.66 0.74
Threonine % 0.72 0.79 0.86 0.86 0.72 0.81
Tryptophan % 0.20 0.23 0.25 0.25 0.21 0.23

Amino Acid: Lysine Ratio

Lysi,ne % 100 100 100 100 100 100
Isoleucine % 60 60 60 60 60 60
Met + Cys % 60 60 60 60 60 60
Threonine % 65 65 65 65 65 65
Tryptophan % 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5

Adapted frolll nVRA (1999).

112
 Nutrient Recommendations for SJvine

Table 20. Digestible amino acid recommendations for starters, growers and
finishers.

Unit Starter Grower Finisher

eight range kg 18.0 - 35.0 35.0 - 60.0 60.0 - market
~utrientDensity Low Med High Low Med High Low Med High
~utrients
E nergy, l\1E kcal/kg 3200 3250 3300 3000 3100 3200 3000 3100 3200
'::rude protein % 18.3 18.6 18.9 15.2 15.7 16.2 13.2 14.1 14.6
Calcium % (0.8-0.95) (0.7-0.9) (0.7-0.9)
hosphorous (Avail) % 0.40 0.41 0.43 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.27 0.29 0.30
_-\dded Salt, max. % (0.3-0.35) (0.30-0.50) (0.30-0.50)
Sodium (Na) % (0.17 -0.28) (0.18-030) (0.18-0.30)

_o\m.ino Acids
:;"\'sme % 0.97 1.04 1.11 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.66 0.70 0.75
- leucine
1 % 0.58 0.62 0.67 0.45 0.48 0.51 0.39 0.42 0.45
_ ret + Cys % 0.58 0.62 0.67 0.47 0.50 0.53 0.41 0.43 0.46
Threonine % 0.63 0.68 0.72 0.54 0.54 0.57 0.44 0.47 0.50
-~-ptophan % 0.18 0.19 0.21 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.12 0.13 0.14

Amino Acid: Lysine Ratio

_ \SIDe % 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
.:soleucine % 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
_ fet + Cys % 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
0/
Threonine 0 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
%
_ryptophan 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5

.- rp'<r/ from IN RA (199?).

113
Chapter III

Table 21. Digestible amino acid recommendations for gestating, lactating sows,
and boars.

Unit Gestation Lactation Boar

\'(/eight range kg 100-170 120-200 180
Nutrient Density Low Med High Low Med High
Nutrients
Energy, l'dE kcal/kg 2850 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3000
Crude protein % 13.5 13.8 14.3 16.2 16.5 16.8 15.0
Calcium % (0.9-1.05) (0.9-1.05) (0.9-1.0)
Phosphorous (Avail) % 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.41 0.43 0.45 0.36
Added Sal t, max. % 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Sodium (Na) % (0.25-0.38)

Amino Acids
Lysme % 0.5(1 0.52 0.54 0.75 0.77 0.80 0.65
Isoleucine % 0.30 0.31 0.67 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.39
!\[et + Cys % 0.32 0.34 0.67 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.42
Threonine % 0.35 0.36 0.38 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.46
Tryptophan % 0.10 0.19 0.21 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.13

Amino Acid: Lysine Ratio

Lysine % 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Isoleucine
01
;0 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
%
Met + Cys 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
'D1reonine 0'
·'0 70 70 70 70 70 70 70
'1 'ryptophan % 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

Afinpled{rol/l INRA (1999).

114
 Nutrient Recommendatio1lS for Swine

Table 22. Dietary mineral and fatty acid requirements of growing pigs allowed
feed ad bbitum (90% dry matter):

Weight,Kg
Unit 3-5 5-10 10-20 20-50 50-80 80-120

=rude protein % 26.0 33.7 20.9 18.0 15.5 13.2

- ergy, 1[Eb kcal/kg 3265 3265 3265 3265 3265 3265

~Iineral elements
=·.uciumc % 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 OA5
!-'hosphorus, total c % 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.50 OA5 OAO
?hosphorus, available c % 0.55 0.40 0.32 0.2'3 0.19 0.15
~£ldium % 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.10
:Jliorine % 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.08 0.08 0.08
~ [agnesium % 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
_otassium % 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.23 0.19 0.17
Copper mg/kg 6.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.50 3.00
Iodine mg/kg 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14
Iron mg/kg 100 100 80 60 50 40
_ langanese mg/kg 4.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
Selenium mg/kg 0.30 0.30 0.25 0.15 0.15 0.15
Z inc mg/kg 100 100 80 60 50 50

Fatty Acid
inoleic acid % 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

· ~li."{ed gender (1:1 r~tio of b~rrows to gilts). TIle requirements of certain miner~l m~y be slightly higher for pigs
l::aving high le~n growth r~tes (> 325g/ d~y of c~rcass f~t-free lean), bllt no distinction is m~de.
'_\sslUnes that ME is 96% of DE. In com-soybean meal diets of these cmde protein levels, ME is 94-96% of DE ,
depending ou crude protein level of me diet.
The perceutages of calci\Ull, phosphorus, and available phosphorus should be increllsed by 0.05 to 0.1 percentage
rmints for developing boars and replacement gilts from 50 to 120 kg body weight.

Source: NRC (1998). Nutrient reqllirements of swine.

115
Chapter In

Table 23. Dietary mineral and fatty acid requirements of gestating and lactating
sows (90% dry matter).'

Unit Gestation Lactation

Energy, .MEl> kcal/kg 3265 3265

Mineral elements
Calcium % 0.75 0.75
Phosphorus, total % 0.60 0.60
Phosphorus, available % 0.35 0.35
Sodium % 0.15 0.20
Chlorine % 0.12 0.16
1Iagnesium % 0.04 0.04
Potassium % 0.20 0.20
Copper mg/kg 5.00 5.00
Iodine mg/kg 0.14 0.14
Iron mg/kg 80 80
.Manganese mg/kg 20 20
Selenium mg/kg 0.15 0.15
Zinc mg/kg 50 50

Fatty Acid
Linoleic acid % 0.10 0.10

"The requirements are based 011 the daily cOllsllmptioll of 1.85 and 5.25 kg feed, respectively,
If lower amolUlts of feed are consumed, the dietary' percentage may need to be increased.
"Assumes that ME is 96% of DE.

SOI/ree: NRC (1998). Nutrient reqllirements of swine.

116
 lVutrient Recommendations for S'IJine

Table 24. Vitamin recommendations for pre-starter rations.

Reference Units/kgl DSM NRC BASF ADISSEO

Year 2008 1998 2001 1998

Yitamins:
--;tamin A IU 10,000-20,000 2,200 15,000-20,00 15,000-25,000
\-itamin D3 IU 1,800-2,000 220 1,800-2,000 2,000-3,000
-itamin E mg 60-100z 16 3 100-150 4 60-100
\ -itamin K, mg 2-4 050 2-4 2-4
-itarrun Bl mg 3-5 1.00 3-4 2-4
Itamin Bz mg 6-10 350 6-8 7-9
_ laclO mg 40-60 15 40-50 35-45
_ an tothenic acid mg 20-40 10 15-20 15-25
-itamin B6 mg 4-8 1.50 5-7 4-6
- -itamin B mcg 40-70 20 40-60 40-60
1z
:-olic acid mg 1.5-2.5 0.30 2 1-2
B1 tin mcg 150-400 50 200-300 200-300
~holine mg 500-800 500 400-600
_\-corbic acid mg 100-200 5 150 150

ded per kg air-dry feed

Dietary fat higher than 3%, additional 5 mg/kg feed for each 1% dietary fM; 250 mg for
oplimum immune nUiction.
JC per kg of diet.
'p to 250 mg to increase inumullty.
Recommended ill stre ss conditions

117
OapterIlI

Table 25. Vitamin recommendations for starter rations.

Reference Units/kgl DSM NRC BASF ADISSEO

Year 2008 1998 2001 1998

Vitamins:
Vitamin A IU 10,000-15,000 1,720 12,000-20,000 10,000-20,000
Vitamin D3 IU 1,800-2,000 200 1,500-2,000 1,500-2,500
Vitamin E mg 60-100 2 11 3 80-120 40-60
Vitamin K3 mg 2-4 0.50 2-3 2-4
Vitamin Bl mg 2-4 1 2-3 2-4
Vitamin B2 mg 6-10 3 5-7 6-8
Niacin mg 30-50 12.50 30-40 30-40
Pantothenic acid mg 20-40 9 12-16 10-20
Vitamin B6 mg 4-8 1.50 4-6 3-5
Vitamin B12 mcg 30-50 15 30-50 30-50
Folic acid mg 1-2 0.30 2 0.8-1.5
Biotin mcg 150-400 50 150-250 150-300
Choline mg 200-400 400 300-500
Ascorbic acid mg 100-200 4 100-150 4 150

',-\dded per kg air-dry feed

2Diet~ry fat higher than 3% additiollal 5 mg/kg feed for eac h 1% dietary fat.
JlU per kg of diet.
' Recommended ill stress conditions

118
 Nutrient Ruommendations lor Swi!le

Table 26. Vitamin recommendations for grower rations.

Reference Units/kg! DSM NRC BASF ADISSEO

Year 2008 1998 2001 1998

Yitamins:
Itamin A IU 7,000-10,000 1,300 10,000-12,000 8,000-12,000
ltamin D3 IU 1,500-2,000 150 1,500-2,000 1,000-2,000
\[tamin E mg 40-60 2 11 3 60-80 30-50
-itamin '-':' mg 1.5-3.0 0.50 2-3 2
'"!tamin B[ mg 1.0-2.0 1 2 1-3
-itamin B2 mg 5-10 2.50 4-6 4-6
_ UlCll1 mg 20-30 10 20-30 15-25
? ,u1tothemc acid mg 20-40 8 10-14 8-12
-itamin B6 mg 2-4 1 3-5 2-3
- -itamin Bl2 mcg 20-40 10 20-30 20-30
Folic acid mg 0.6-1.0 0.30 1 0.5-1.0
i tin meg 150-250 50 100-150 100-150
~ line mg 150-300 0.30 250-400
- corbie acid mg 100-150 4 100

_ d eled per kg air-dry feed

-D ietary fat higher thall 3% , additional 5 mg/kg feed for each 1% dietary fal
IL- per kg of diet.
ecouuneuded iu stress conditio11s

119
Table 27. Vitamin recommendations for fattening pigs.

Reference Units/kg' DSM NRC BASF ADISSEO

Year 2008 1998 2001 1998

Vitamins:
VitaminA. IU 5,000-8,000 4,043 8,000-10,000 6,000-8,000
Vitamin Do IU 1,000-1,500 466 1,000-1,500 1,000-1,500
Vitamin E mg 30-50 2 34 J 40-60 30-150
Vitamin K J mg 1-1.50 016 2 1-2
Vitamin B, mg 0.50-1.50 3.11 1 1-1.5
Vitamin B2 mg 3-8 6.22 3-5 3-5
:::-:iacin mg 20-30 21.77 15-25 15-25
Pantothenic acid mg 20-40 21.77 8-12 8-12
Vitamin BG mg 1.5-3.0 3.11 2-4 2-3
Vitamin B'2 meg 15-30 16 15-25 15-25
Folic acid mg 0.5-1.0 0.93 1 0.5-1.0
Biotin meg 100-200 160 50-80 100-150
Choline mg 100-200 930 250-350
"4..scorbic acid mg 100-150 4 100

',-\dded per kg air-dry feed

2Diet~ry f~t higuer tban 3%, additioll~l 5 mg/kg feed for each 1% diet~ry f~t; ~dditiounl 150 rug/kg feed for
optimuIll meat quality
jIU per kg of diet.
'Recommended in stre ss conditions

120
 Nutrient Recommendations for Swine

Table 28. Vitamin recommendations for breeder (sow and boar) rations

Reference Units/kgl DSM NRC BASF ADISSEO

Year 2008 1998 2001 1998

Yitamins:
- -itaminA IU 10,000-15,000 4,000 12,000-20,000 10,000-15,000
- -It:unin D3 IU 1,500-2,000 200 1,500-2,000 1,500-2,000
Yitamin E mg 60-80 2 22 3 60-160 40-80
- -Itamin K3 mg 1-2 0.50 2 1-2
-itarrnin Bl mg 1-2 1 2 1-2
-Itamin B2 mg 5-9 3.75 5-7 6-8
_ Iacm mg 25-45 10 30-40 20-40
::>:mtathenic acid mg 18-25 12 12-16 10-15
- -itunin BG mg 3-5 1 4-6 3-5
-iramin Bl2 mcg 20-40 15 20-30 20-30
Folic acid mg 3-5 0.30 2-4 2-3
niatin mcg 300-500 200 200-300 250-350
': holine mg 500-800 125 300-400
_-\.scorbic acid mg 200-500 1 200 4 200
~-carotene mg 300 5 300 5
.JS-Hydroxy D3 mcg 50

:_-\dded per kg air-dry feed

-Dietary fat higher than 3%, additional 5 lllg/kg feed for each 1% dietary fat
IU per kg of diet .
. Recommended in stress conditious
'For improved sow fertility: to be fed per animal per day immediately after weaning uutil confirmed pregnancy.

121
ChapterlII

REFERENCES
_-\D 1SSEO. 1998. MicIYJlit nutrition guide.

_-\\cantara, P. F. and \XI: Yothinsirikul. 1996. Nutrient intake, growth pattern and
nutrien t efficiency of large white and landrace piglets during lactation in cool
and hot seasons. Animal HuyballdlJ' c..", Agril-,ttltuml jot/rnaL 30(1): 88-97 .

.-\lcantara, P. E 1981. Recent findings in swine nutrition. Modem Agliculture and Indtlj't~J
AJia JournaL 14 (11): 4-7,

"-\!cantara, P. E 1981. Sorghum as alternate source of energy for swine. Modern Aglimlture
and [nduSll] Asia JournaL 9(9):18-23 .

. -\!cantara, P. F. and V G. ,-\rgfliiosa. 1975. Growth rate, feed efficiency and carcass
characteristics of wet-fed hog. The Philippine AgricultUliyt. 59:107-113.

_-\!cantara, P. E, "-\. D. Pinkihan, and L. Z ..-\rellano. 1992. Effect of repartitioning

agent on carcass yield and quality of growing·finishing pigs. Philippine journal
0/ Veterinal] and Animal Sciences.

,-\!cantara, P. E, and L. Z. Arellano. 1991. ..:\mino acid balance study in growing pigs
under Philippine condition. Philippine joumal 0/ Vete!ina~y and Animal Sl-ienceJ'.
Nos. 1&2:62-63.

,-\!can tara, P. E, and L. Z. ~-\rellano. 1990 . .-\mino acid supplemen tation of low protein
diet. Philippine Journal 0/ Veterinary and Animal S,ielli:es. 16(3&4):78-88.

_-\lcantara, P. E, E. D. Cordova, i\Lo. Villeta and .\l E. Naldo. 1989. Substitution

values of rice bran and rough rice (pala.y) for corn in growing- finishing swine
rations. Philippine jot/rnal 0/ Vete,inal)' and Animal SdenceJ. 15(1&2):1-22 .

. \lcantara, P. E, E. "\1. Rigor and J. C. .\Iiller. 1970. Grain sorghum for growing-finishing
Pigs. journal 0/ Animal SI-ience. 31(1):193.

"-\!cantara, P. E, E. i\£. Rigor, J. C. ;'Ililler and ,\T. G, ,-\rganosa. 1970. The feeding value
of grain' sorghum for pigs. The Philippim Agtimltun'yt. 53(10):588-603 .

.\lcantara, P. E, P. A.. Divinagracia and .-\. D. Pinkihan. 1996. Dietary ascorbic acid
supplementation in growing and breeding s\vine. Animal HtlJbandl,Y e.7'
Agl'icultuml Joul'ltaL 30(1):40-46.

122
 jVtltnOent Recommendations for SII/ine

_ c mtara, P F., V. G .•\rganosa, E. G. Liwanag and E. J. Sevilla. 1973. The effect of

sex and energy level on Growth performance and carcass characteristics of
swine. Philippine Jou17Iai if Animal Science. 10(1&2):97-106.

, !cantara, PF., J. :\ . Eusebio, J. Sevilla-Eusebio, R. R. Gonzales and L. Canuel. 1968.

Plane nutrition Intermittent feeding of high and low levels of corn in growing-
finishing rations : The effect on growth performance and carcass quality of
hogs. The Philippine AglicultU1 ist. 51: 24-29 .
o

. rganosa, \'. G . and P. F. _\lcantara. 1976. Effects of sex and energy level. 1. Feedlot
performance of boars, barrows and gilts. Bettel' Poultry and Lit'e.fto& 17(6) :26-
28 .

.lldcrama, J., J. A. Eusebio, P F. _\lcan tara and R. R. Gonzales. 1969. Rice bran -
soybean oil meal combination with varying protein levels for growing pigs.
The Philippine Aglic·ultmist. 52: 146-152.

B.\SF ,\ktiengesellschaft, ME.VET. 2001. Rec'ommendations for tz/amin additil -eJ to

feed.

BI'S toyong, _'\ . G., J. .\. Eusebio, P. F. _\\cantara and R. R. Gonzales. 1968. Rice bran
- fish meal combination with varying levels for growing pigs. The Philippine
.-\griculturist. 52:267·296.

Costa, D. l\L, J. .\. Eusebio, P F. ,\kantara and R. R. Gonzales. 1969. Corn bran .
fish meal combination with varying protein levels of growing pigs. The Philippine
AgrimlttlliJt. 52(5) :277 -233.

D S;\L 2008. Vitamin Htpplementation guideliJteJ' fOI' dom eJtic' animaiJ. Kaiseraugst,
Switzerland.

usebio,]. .\. , B. T. Onate,]. Balderama and P F. .\\cantara. 1977. _-\ new concept in
swine feeding. Agl'I'(Ultm'e at LoJ BaiioJ Te(;hniral Jou17lal. 9(11):14·16.

Eusebio,]. ~\.., .\. F. Vergel de Dios, R. R. Gonzales, P. E .-\lcantara and ;\.. C. Feliciano.
1970. Studies on Philippine leguminous seeds as protein feed s: III. j\[ethionine
supplementation of local beans diets. Th e Philtppine AgricultuliJ't. 53(8 & 9):440-
445 .

Fusebio,J. .\., :\. L. Bugawan, P. r. .~ .\.lcantar:l, F, E. Crus-Skinner and R. R. Gonnles.

Phosphorus utiliZation by young pigs. The Philippine Aglia'(lttl1iJ/. 50:30-35.

123
Chapter III

Gonzales, R. R., J. .-\. Eusebio and P. F _-\lcantara. 1967. Effect of enzyme and
methionine supplementation in swine ration. The Philippine Agri(ultUliJt. 67:453-
459.

Hanson, L. E., P. F ~-\Jcantara, J.

D. Smith (lild E. R. Sahr. 1975. Salt J/udy - Jeedi~g
let·e/s. ~[innesota Swine Research Report. p43.

Institut National de la Recherche "-\gronomique (INR.-\). 1999. France

tit
National Research Council. 1998. Nutnent requirementJ if JJJ'ille. 10 ed. National
_-\cademy of Sciences. National _-\cademy Press. Washington DC, US_-\.

Pinkihan, .-\. D. and P. F .-\lcantara. 2000. Effect of varying energy levels on the
performance of landrace and large white barrows and gilts. Philippine Journal
if VeteJinmy and Animal S~ienm. 26(1):51 -67.

Siagian, P. H ., V G ..-\rganosa, P. F .\lcantara, .\. G. ;\quino and R. J. :.\[illena. 1986.

The reproductive performance of yorkshire, landrace and Duroc breeds of
Swine. The Philippine Ag1icultutlJt. 69(1):53-62.

University of Illinois, Department of _-\nimal Science Swine Nutrition Group, 2000.

Yuthana, S., P. E _-\/cantara, V G. :\rganosa and R. G . Zamora. 1987. _-\mino acid

supplementation of high copra meal for growing-finishing pigs: The effects of
lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan supplementation to high copra
meal diets on ration digestibility, growth performance and carcass
characteristics of swine. Ajinomoto Te?h71ia.' ; Bulletill. p38.

124
 CHAPTER IV
NUTRIENT RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR POULTRY

THIS CI-L-\PTER PRESENTS the nutrient recommendations for poultry. The

revised version includes the nutrient recommendations for game fowl chickens. Tables
29, 32, 33 and 34 present the PHILS.i-\N recommendations for broiler-type chickens,
broiler breeders, egg-type chickens and game fowl chickens based primarily on field
experiences of practicing nutritionists. Tables 30 and 31 enumerate the digestible amino
acid requirements for broilers. The set recommendations are based on the commonly
used feed ingredients and energy levels. The recommendations specify the nutrient
requirements under three energy levels which are commonly used in formulating poultry
ratlons. To use other energy levels, there may be a need to recalculate the nutrient
recommendation since it is also expressed as ratio of energy in the diet.

Tables 35-37 present PHILS"-\N recommendations for vitamins and trace mineral
supplementation for broilers, broiler breeders and egg-type chickens. Vitamin
recommendations for broiler starter, broiler grower-finisher, breeding hens, growing
pullets and layers are indicated in Tables 38-42. Nutrient specifications, vitamins and
mineral allowances, and worldwide nutrient recommendations for ducks are listed in
Tables 43-47. Tables 48 and 49 present the nutrient specification, vitamin and mineral
recommendations for ostrich. For quails, nutrient specification, vitamin and mineral
recommendations are in Tables 50-51.

125
ChapterTT/

Notice that the recommendations specify only the commonly considered

nutrients in feed formulation because these are often deficient or inadequate in common
rations. It is also recognized that other nutrients are equally important, however,
experience revealed that the latter nutrients are often adequate in practical diets, a
reason why they are seldom considered in feed formulation.

Nutrient recommendations from various institutions and poultry breeder

suppliers are readily available to provide added information in cases when PHILS.-\N
recommendations are not applicable under certain conditions.

126
 Nutrient Ret'Ommendations for Poultry

Table 29. Nutrient recommendations for broiler-type chickens.

Booster Starter Finisher

Nutrient Unit
0-2 wks 2-4 wks 4-6 wks
Low Medium High Low Medium High Low Medium High

,IE: Protein ratio 130 130 130 140 140 140 150 ISO ISO

Energy, ME Kcal/kg 2800 2900 3000 2700 2800 2900 2700 2800 2900
Crude protein % 21 .50 22JO 23.00 19JO 20.00 20.70 18.00 18.70 19JO
Calcium % 0.84 0.87 0.90 0.81 0.84 0.87 0.76 0.78 0.81
Phosphorus,
available % 0.45 0.46 OA8 OAI OA2 0.44 OJ8 OJ9 0.41
Salt (NaCI) % 0.25 0.25 0.25 OJO OJO OJO OJO OJO OJO

Amino acids
Lysine % 1.12
~
1.16 1.20 0.97 1.01 1.04 0.86 0.90 0.93
\1ethionine % OA8 OA9 0.51 OJ8 OJ9 OAI 0.32 OJ3 0.35
\1et +Cys % 0.84 0.87 0.90 0.68 0.70 0.72 0.59 0.62 0.64
Threonine % 0.78 0.81 0.84 0.62 0.64 0.67 0.57 0.59 0.61
Tryptophan % 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.16 0.17 0.18

Amino acid: Energy (ME) ratio

Lysine g1v1cal 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.59 3.61 3.59 3.19 3.21 3.21
\tethionine g1v1cal 1.71 1.71 1.71 IAI 1.39 1.41 1.19 l.l8 1.21
\1et +Cys &'MaIl 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.52 2.50 2A8 2.19 2.21 2.21
Threonine &'MaIl 2.79 2.79 2.80 2.30 2.29 2Jl 2.10 2.11 2.10
Tryptophan &'MaIl 0.79 0.79 0.80 0.70 0.71 0.72 0.59 0.61 0.62

Amino acid: Lysine ratio

Lysine % 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
~\'tethionine % 43 43 43 39 39 39 37 37 38
\tet +Cys % 75 7S 75 70 69 69 69 69 69
Threonine % 70 70 70 64 63 64 66 66 66
Tryptophan % 20 20 20 20 20 20 18 19 19

127
Chapr.erIT/

Table 30. Digestible amino acid requirements for broilers."

Starter Grower Finisher

ME,Kcallkg 2900-3050 3100-3150 3100-3250

Digestible lysine, % 1.070 0.918 0.808

Digestible methionine, % 0.396 0.349 0.323

Digestible met + cys, % 0.770 0.689 0.630

Digestible tryptophan, % 0.171 0.156 0.145

Digestible threonine, % 0.696 0.624 0.566

Digestible arginine, % 1.124 0.991 0.889

Digestible isoleucine, % 0.717 0.633 0.566

Digestible valine, % 0.824 0.734 0.654

'Based on a lysine requirement similar to NRC (1994) recommendation

Adapted from Asian Poultry Magazin e, March /April, 2001.

128
 Nt/m'ent RetVllIllIendatiollS for Poultry

Table 31. Digestible amino acid requirements for meat broiler type chickens
(Ross and Cobb)."

Starter Grower Finisher

ME,Kcal/kg 2900-3050 3100-3150 3100-3250

Digestible lysine, % 1.120 1.020 0.880

Digestible methionine, % 0.414 0.389 0.352

Digestible met + cys, % 0.806 0.765 0.686

Digestible tryptophan, % 0.179 0.173 0.158

Digestible threonine, % 0.728 0.694 0.616

Digestible arginine, % 1.176 1.102 0.968

Digestible isoleucine, % 0.750 0.704 0.616

Digestible valine, % 0.862 0.816 0.713

Bas ed on digestible lysine values closer to what is being recommended by Ross and Cobb breeding
;ompanies and is being practiced commercially with such strains.

~ d(Jp t ed from Asian Poultry Magazine. March /April, 200 1.

129
Chapter TV

Table 32. Nutrient recommendations for broiler-breeders.

Starter Grower Developer Pre-lay Layer

Nutrient Unit 0-2 wks 5-12 wks 13-17wks 18-23 ~vks 24 wks-cull

ME: Protein ratio 158 172 ISO 153 175

Energy, ME Kcallkg 2850 2750 2700 2800 2800

Crude protein % 18.00 16.00 15.00 18.25 16.00
Calcitun % 1.00 0.90 0.90 1.75 3.50
Phosphorus, available % 0.50 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.42
Salt (NaCI) % 0.40 0.40 OJ5 OJ5 OJ5
Linoleic acid % 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.35 1.50

Amino acids
Lysine % 0.95 0.80 0.74 0.85 0.83
Methionine % OJ6 OJ2 OJI OJ7 OJ5
Met + Cys % 0.72 0.64 0.62 0.70 0.64
Threonine % 0.64 0.55 0.50 0.54 0.53
Tryptophan % 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.19 0.17

Amino acid: Energy (ME) ratio

Lysine glMcal 3J3 2.91 2.74 3.04 2.96
Methionine glMcal 1.26 1.16 1.15 1.32 1.25
Met + Cys glMcal 2.53 2J3 2JO 2.50 2.29
Threonine glMcal 2.25 2.00 1.85 1.93 1.89
Tryptophan glMcal 0.63 0.62 0.63 0.68 0.61

Amino acid: Lysine ratio

Lysine % 100 . 100 100 100 100
Methionine % 38 40 42 43 42
Met + Cys % 76 80 84 87 77
Threonine % 67 69 68 63 64
Tryptophan % 19 21 23 22 20

130
 Tablc .\J, Nutril'lIt n'l'OJIIJIIl'lulatiolls for egg-type ehicl(clIS,

Nutrient Unit Starter Grower Developer Layer 1 Layer 2

0-6 wks 6-12 wks 12-18wks 18-42 wks 42 wks-cull

Low I\::Jedium High Low Medium High Low Medium High Low Medium High Low Medium High

ME: Protein ratio 143 143 143 172 172 172 189 189 189 160 160 160 170 170 170

Energy, ME Kcal/kg 2750 2800 2850 2700 2750 2800 2650 2700 2750 2700 2750 2800 2700 2750 2800
Crude protein % 19.20 19.60 19.90 15.70 16.00 16.30 14.00 14.30 14.50 16.90 17.20 17.50 15.90 16.20 16.50
Calcium % 0.96 0.98 1.00 100 113 118 0.90 0.95 0.95 3.45 3.50 3.58 3.66 3.70 3.80
Phosphorus, available % 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.43 0.44 0.45 0.43 0.44 0.45 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.40 0.41 0.42
Salt (NaCI) % 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
Linoleic acid % 1.00 100 100 1.00 100 100 1.00 1.00 1.00 135 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35

Amino acids
~ Lysine % 0.88 0.90 0.91 0.68 0.69 0.70 0.69 0.70 0.70 0.73 0.78 0.80 0.77 0.78 0.80
W Methionine % 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.32 0.33 0.34
~ Met + Cys % 0.69 0.70 0.71 0.57 0.58 0.59 0.57 0.58 0.58 0.66 0.68 0.69 0.64 0.65 0.66
Threonine 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.55 0.56 0.56 0.58 0.58 0.61 0.53 0.54 0.55
Tryptophan % o 19 0.20 0.20 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19

Amino acid: Energy

(ME) ratio
Lysine g/Mcal 3.20 3.21 3.19 2.52 2.51 2.50 2.60 2.59 2.59 2.70 2.84 2.86 2.85 2.84 2.86
Methionine g/Mcal 1.31 1.29 1.30 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.25 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.27 1.29 119 116 118
Met + Cys g/Mcal 2.51 2.50 2.49 2.1 I 2.1 I 2.1 I 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.44 2.47 2.46 2.37 2.36 2.36
Threonine g/Mcal 2.40 2.39 2.39 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.08 2.07 2.07 2.15 2.15 2.18 196 196 196
Tryptophan g/Mcal 0.69 0.71 0.70 0.59 0.62 0.61 0.57 0.59 0.59 0.70 0.69 0.68 0.70 0.69 0.68

Amino acid:
Lysine ratio
Lysine % 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Methionine % 4 I 40 41 47 48 49 48 49 49 47 45 45 42 42 42
Met + Cys % 78 78 78 84 84 84 83 83 83 90 87 86 83 83 83
Threonine % 75 74 75 79 80 80 80 80 80 79 76 76 69 69 69
Tryptophan <XI 22 22 22 24 25 24 22 23 23 26 24 24 25 24 24
 ~

Table 34. Nutrient recommendations for gamefowl chickens. Q

~
~
......
Nutrient Unit Booster Starter Grower Stag Developer Maintenance Conditioner Breeder ';:::
0-6 wks 0-6 wks 6-12 wks 12-18 wks 18-42 wks 42 wks-cull Layer

ME: Protein ratio 130 143 155 155 165 151 151

Energy, ME Kcal/kg 2850 2850 2800 2800 2800 2800 2725

Crude protein % 22.00 20.00 18.00 18.00 17.00 18.50 18.00
Calcium % 1.0-\.2 1.0-\.2 1.0-1.1 1.0-1.1 1.0- 1.1 1.0- 1.1 3.80
Phosphorus, available % OA5 OA5 OA5 OA5 OA5 OA5 OA3
Salt (NaCI) % 0.25-0 .30 0.25-0.30 0.25-0.30 0.30-0.35 0.30-0.35 0.30-0.35 0.30-0.35
Linoleic acid % 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 \.35

Amino acids
Lysine % 1.05 1.00 0.90 0.90 0.85 1.00 0.85
...100 Methionine % OA2 OAO 0.36 0.~6 0.34 OAO 0.36
W Met + Cys % 0.77 0.74 0.67 0.67 0.63 0.74 0.63
I\,)
Threonine % 0.74 0.70 0.63 0.63 0.60 0.70 0.60
Tryptophan % 0.19 0.18 0. 16 0.16 0.16 0. 18 0. 16

Amino acid: Energy

(ME) ratio
Lysine glMcal 3.68 3.51 3.2 1 3.21 3.04 3.57 3.12
Methionine glMcal IA7 lAO 1.29 1.29 1.21 IA3 \.32
Met + Cys glMcal 2.70 2.60 2.39 2.39 2.25 2.64 2.31
Threonine glMcal 2.60 2A6 2.25 2.25 2. 14 2.50 2.20
Tryptophan glMcal 0.67 0.63 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.64 0.59

Amino acid: Lysine

ratio
Lysine % 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Methionine % 40 40 40 40 40 40 42
Met + Cys % 73 74 74 74 74 74 74
Threonine % 70 70 70 ..70 70 70 70
Tryptophan % 18 18 18 18 19 18 19
 Nt/trimt Recommendations for POtr/try

35. Recommended vitamin and mineral supplementation for broilers.

Type of Feed
min/Mineral Unit/kg
plement Booster Starter Finisher
0-2 wks 2-4 wks 4 wks -Market

s:

IU 10,000 10,000 8,000

IU 2,500 2,500 2,500
mg 30.00 30.00 25.00
mg 3.00 3.00 2.50
mg 2.00 2.00 1.00
mg 5.00 5.00 4.00
mg 3.00 3.00 3.00
meg 12.00 12.00 12.00
meg 200.00 200.00 100.00
mg 1.00 1.00 0.50
mg 30.00 30.00 30.00
mg 12.00 12.00 10.00
mg 500.00 500.00 300.00

e :\1inerals:

r mg 8.00 8.00 8.00

mg 80.00 80.00 80.00
mg 0.80 0.80 0.80
mg 80.00 80.00 80.00
mg 0.10 0.10 0.10
mg 40.00 40.00 40.00

133
Cbapt.erIV

Table 36. Recommended vitamin and mineral supplementation for broilers-breeders.

Type of Feed
Vitamin/Mineral Unit/kg Starter Grower Developer Pre-lay Layer
Supplement
0-4 wks 5-12 wks 13-17 wks 18-23 wks 24 wks-cull

Vitamins:

Vitamin A ill 11,000 11,000 11 ,000 15,400 15,400

Vitamin D3 ill 3,300 3,300 3,300 3,300 3,300
Vitamin E mg 22.00 22.00 22.00 33.00 33.00
Vitamin~ mg 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20
VitaminB I mg 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20
VitaminB z mg 5.50 5.50 5.50 9.90 9.90
Vitamin B6 mg 1.10 1.10 1.10 5.50 5.50
Vitamin BI2 mcg 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00
Biotin mcg 110.00 110.00 110.00 30-40 220.00
Folic acid mg 0.90 0.90 0.90 1.70 1.70
Niacin mg 33.00 33.00 33.00 44.00 44.00
Pantothenic acid mg 11.00 11.00 11.00 13.20 13.20
Choline mg 440.00 440.00 440.00 330.00 330.00

Trace Minerals:

Copper mg 5.00 5.00 5.00 8.00 8.00

Iron mg 44.00 44.00 44.00 100.00 100.00
Iodine mg 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10
Manganese mg 66.00 66.00 66.00 100.00 100.00
Selenium mg 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
linc mg 44.00 44.00 44.00 75.00 75.00

134
 Nutrient Recommendations ffff Poultry

Table 37. Recommended vitamin and mineral supplementation for egg-type chickens.

\"itamin/ Type of Feed

\lineral Unit/kg Starter Grower Developer Pre-lay Layer
Supplement 0-4 wks 5-12 wks 13-16 wks 17-20 wks 21 wks-culJ

\'itamins:

\(laminA [lJ 8,800-13,000 8,800-13 ,000 8,800-13,000 10,000 8,000-10,000

\ Itamin D J IU 2,000-3,000 2,000-3,000 2,000-3,000 2,000-2500 2,500-3 ,000
\ ltaminE mg 17.6-25.0 19.35-25.0 19.35-25.0 20-25 10.0-23. J
ltamin~ mg 1.85-3.0 1.85-3 .0 1.85-3.0 2.00 1.85-2.0
\ itaminB I mg 1.0-3.0 1.0-3 .0 1.0-3.0 1.0-2.0 1.0-1.84
ilamin Bz mg 5.0-6.0 5.0-6.0 5.0-6.0 4.0-5.0 4.0-5 .75
'itaminB 6 mg 2.85-5.0 3.0-5.0 3.0-5.0 3.0-5.0 2.0-4.62
'f!aJl1 in BI Z mcg 10.0-20.0 10.0-20.0 10.0-20.0 10.0-15.0 8.0-20.0
BIOtin mcg 50-200 50-200 50-200 25-200 25.0-180
foli c acid mg 0.45-1.0 0.5-l.0 0.5-1.0 0.50-0.75 0.45-0.92
lacm mg 26-60 26-60 26-60 30.0-35.0 26.0-30.0
Pan tothenic acid mg 8.0-15.0 8.0-15.0 8.0-15.0 8.0-12.0 7.5-13.86
C1Joline mg 300-1,300 300-1,300 300- 1,300 400-1,300 300-1,050

Trace Minerals:

C pper mg 5.0-10.0 5.0-10.0 5.0-10.0 5.0-10.0 5.0-10.0

Iron mg 25.0-70.0 25-50 25-50 50-70 50-70
I me mg 0.5-1 .0 0.5-1.0 0.5-1.0 0.5-1.0 0.50-1 .05
langanese mg 50-100 50-100 50-100 50-100 60-100
Sdenium mg 0. 15-0.30 0.17-0.30 0.17-0 .30 0.20-0.30 0.20-0.30
linc mg 40-77 40-70 40-70 50-80 50-80

135
 Table 38. Vitamin recommendations for broiler starter rations. Q

Reference /Year
l......
~
Vitamin Unit/kg NRC SCOTT SCOTT ADISSEO DSM BASF
1994 1982 1982 2002 2008 2001

Vitamins:

Vitamin A IV 1,500 3,000 8,000 11,000-13,000 8,000-12,500 12,000-15,000

VitaminDJ IV 200 1,000 715 3,000-4,000 3,000-5,000 2,500-3,000
VitaminE mg 10.00 15.00 3.60 30-150 150-240· b 40-60
Vitamin~ mg 0.50 2.00 0.70 3-4 2-4 2-4
VltaminB I mg 1.80 2.00 0.70 2-3 2-3 2-3
VitaminBz mg 3.60 4.00 lAO 7-9 7-9 8-10
...
Vita,m inB6
W Vitamin BI2
mg
mcg
3.50
10.00
4.50
10.00
lAO
3.60
4-6
40-50
3-6
15-40·
4-6
20-40
en Niaci4t mg 35 .00 35.00 12.00 30-40 50-80 40-60
Pantothenic acid mg 10.00 12.00 4.60 12-14 10-18 10-15
Folic acid mg 0.55 0.60 0040 1-2 1-2 1-2
Biotin mcg 150.00 200.00 5.00 100-200 150-300 100-150
Cholille mg 1300.00 1300.00 425.00 300-600 400-700
Ascorbic acid mg 200 IOO-200d 100.00
2S-Hydroxy D) mcg 69

• Dietary fat higher than 3% additional 5 mg/kg feed for each 1% dietary fat.
b For optimum immune function .
, Use upper level in animal protein-free diet
d Ilecommended in stress conditions and to enhance reproductive performance in breeders.
 Table 39. Vitamin recommendations for brOiler grower-t1nlsher rations.

Reference /Year
Vitamin Unit/kg NRC SCOTT SCOTT ADISSEO DSM BASP
1994 1982 1982 2002 2008 2001

Vitamins:

VVitaminA IV 1,500 2,100 4,000 10,000-12,000 8,000-12,000 8,000-12,000

VitaminD3 IV 200 357 1,000 2,000-3,000 2,000-4,000 2,500-4,000
VitaminE mg 10.00 2.86 5.00 30-150 30-50·h 30-50
VitaminK, mg 0.50 0.70 1.00 2-3 2-4 2-3
VitaminB, mg 1.80 0.70 1.50 2-3 2-3 2-3
VitaminB 2 mg 3.60 1.40 3.00 6-8 5-8 5-7
VitaminB6 mg 3.50 1.10 3.00 3-5 4-6 3-5
....
Coo>
VitaminB ,2 mcg 10.00 2.10 5.00 20-30 20-30 c 15-25
..... Niacin mg 30.00 11.00 15.00 30-40 40-80 30-50
Pantothenic acid mg 10.00 4.20 10.00 10-12 10-15 10-12
Folic acid mg 0.55 0.13 0.25 0.5-1.5 1-2 1.00
Biotin mcg 150.00 35.00 100.00 50-150 150-300 100-150
Choline mg 1000.00 320.00 500.00 300-500 300-600
Ascorbic acid mg 200 100-200d 100.00
69
~
25-Hydroxy D3 mcg ~.
;t

, Dietary fat higher than 3% additional 5 mg/kg feed for each 1% dietary fat.
i;'
h For optimum meat quality: additional 150 mg/kg feed for at least 3 weeks before market.

I
r
" Use upper level in animal protein-free diet
d Recommended in stress conditions and to enhance reproductive performance in breeders.

~
~
~
Q
 Table 40. Vitamin recommendations for breeding hens. Q
~
~
......
Reference/Year
~
Vitamin Unit/kg NRC SCOTT SCOTT ADISSEO DSM BASF
1994 1982 1982 2002 2008 2001

Vitamins:

Vitamin A IU 4,000 3,700 11,000 10,000-14,000 10,000-14,000 12,000-15,000

Vitamin D) IU 500 740 1,000 2,000-3,000 2,500-3,000 2,500-3,000
VitaminE mg 10.00 5.55 15.00 40-80 50-100' 40-60
Vitamin~ mg 0.50 0.80 2.00 2-4 2-4 2-3
Vitamin B J mg 0.80 0.80 2.00 2-3 2-3 2-3
VitaminB 2 mg 3.80 1.80 4.00 8-10 8-12 8-10
VitaminB 6 mg 4.50 1.50 4.50 4-6 4-6 4-6
~

(.,) VitaminB'2 meg 4.00 3.70 6.00 20-40 20-40b 20-30

CO Niacin mg 10.00 11.00 15.00 30-50 30-60 40-60
Pantothenic acid mg 10.00 5.50 12.00 12-14 12-15 10-15
Folic acid mg 0.35 0.30 0.40 1-2 J .5-2.5 1-2
Biotin meg 150.00 60.00 150.00 200-300 200-400 100-200
Choline mg 375.00 500.00 300-500 400-600
Ascorbic acid mg 200 150-200c 100
25-Hydroxy D) meg 69

, Dietary fat higher than 3% additional 5 mg/kg feed for each I % dietary fat.
b Use upper level in animal protein-free diet

, Recommended in stress conditions and to enhance reproductive performance in breeders.

 Table 4]. Vitamin recommendations for growing pullets.

Reference/Year
Vitamin Unit/kg NRC SCOTT SCOTT ADISSEO DSM BASF
1994 1982 1982 2002 2008 2001

Vitamins:

VVitaminA IU 1,500 2,100 4 ,1)(\1) 9,000-11,000 7,000-1 ,000 8,000-10,000

VitaminD..> IU 200 357 1,000 2,000-3,000 1.500-2,500 1,5 0-2,000
VitaminE mg 5.00 2.86 5.00 20-150 _0-30" 20-30
Vitamin~ mg 0.50 0.70 1.00 1-2 1-3 1-3
Vitamin BI mg J .00 () 70 1.50 ! .5-2.5 1-2.5 ~-3
VitaminB, mg 180 lAO 3.nn 5·7 4-7 4-6
...
~
Vitamin B;,
Vitamin BI 2
mg
mcg
3.00
3.00
lAO
2.10
3.00
5.00
3-5
20-3 0
_ .5 -~
15-2 5t>
3-5
10-20
<0 Niacin mg 11 .00 11.00 15.00 25-35 25-40 30-50
Pantothenic acid mg 10.00 4 .20 10.00 8-10 9- 11 8-10
Folic acid mg 0.25 0.13 0.25 0.7-0.9 0.8-1.2 1.00
Biotin mcg 100.00 35.00 100.00 60-80 100-150 80-120
Choline mg 900.00 320.00 500.00 200-400 250-400
Ascorbic acid mg 200 100-150' 100 2
::::: '
25-Hydroxy D) mcg 69 :::;-
,.,.
'"
~

, Dietary fat higher than 3% additional 5 mg/kg feed for eac h I % dietary fal. ~
~
b Use upper le\ el in animal protein-free diet

, Recommended in st ress conditions and to enhance reproductive performance in breeders. ~

'"
;:s
~
<:) '
~
~.

-
~
~
Q
 Table 42. Vitamin recommendations for layers. Q
~
~
Reference /Year
~
Vitamin Unit/kg NRC SCOTT SCOTT ADISSEO DSM BASF
1994 1982 1982 2002 2008 2001

Vitamins:

Vitamin A IV 3,000 3,000 6,000 8,000-12,000 8,000-12,000 8,000-12,000

VitaminDJ IU 300 740 1,000 2,500-3,500 2,500-3,500 2,500-3,000
VitaminE mg 5.00 5.00 20-30 15-30 ab 20-30
Vitamin~ mg 0.50 0.80 1.00 2-3 2-3 2-3
VitaminB, mg 0.70 0.80 1.50 1-2 1.5-3 2-3
VitaminB 2 mg 2.50 1.50 4.00 5-7 4-7 5-8
VitaminB 6 mg 2.50 1.10 3.00 3-5 3-5 3-5
....a.
.a::.. VitaminB'2 mcg 4.00 2.20 5.00 15-25 15-25c 15-25
0 Niacin mg 10.00 9.00 12.00 20-40 20-50 25-40
Pantothenic acid mg 2.00 1.80 3.00 8-10 8-10 8-10
Folic acid mg 0.25 0.13 0.25 0.5-0.8 0.5-1 1.00
Biotin mcg 100.00 35 .00 100.00 80-150 100-150 50-80
Choline mg 10.50 375.00 500.00 300-500 300-500
Ascorbic acid mg 200 100-200d 100
25-Hydroxy DJ mcg 69

• Dietary fat higher than 3% additional 5 mglkg feed for each I % dietary fat.
b Under heat stress conditions : total 200 mg/kg feed.

, Use upper level in animal protein-free diet

• Recommended in stress conditions and to enhance reproductive performance in breeders.
 Nu/n'm! ReaJmmendaUons for PouiJry

Table 43. Nutrient specifications for ducks.

Starter Grower Layer /Breeder

Nutrient Unit
0-8 wks 8 wks-1% EP 1% EP-cull

ME: Protein ratio 132-147 187-188 145-150

Energy, ME Kcal/kg 2800-2900 2800-3000 2700-2900

Crude protein % 19-22 15-16 18-20
Calcium % 0.90-0.95 1.0-l.l 3.0-3.3
Phosphorus, available % 0.40-0.44 0.40-0.44 0.40-0.44
Sodium % 0.15-0.25 0.15-0.25 0.15-0.25
Crude fat % 4.0-4.5 4.0-4.5 4.0-4.5
Crude fiber (NMT) % 8.00 8.00 8.00

Amino acids
Lysine % 1.0-1.2 0.65-0.75 0.90-1.10
~ethionine % 0.45-0.50 0.30-0.40 0.40-0.50
Met + Cys % 0.70-0.80 0.52-0.62 0.60-0.75

Vitamin supplementation
Vitamin A ill 15,000-16,000 10,000-14,000 15,000-16,000
VitaminD3 IV 2,500-2,800 1,500-2,000 2,500-2,800
VitaminE mg 30-48 20-40 45-60
VitaminK mg 2.55-3 .20 2.55-3 .20 2.55-3.20
VitaminB , mg 2.40-3.55 2.40-3 .55 2AO-3.55
Vitamin Bl mg 7-9 5-6 7-9
VitaminB6 mg 4-5 4-5 4-5
VitaminB 11 mcg 20-30 15-25 20-30
Biotin mcg 80-160 80-160 160-200
Folic acid mg 1.2-1.4 1.2-1 A 1.2-1.4
Niacin mg 50-70 40-70 56-75
Pantothenic acid mg 12-14 12-14 12-14
Choline mg 80-1 ,300 500-800 800-1,200

Mineral supplementation
Iron mg 60-80
Copper mg 8-10
Iodine mg 0.75-0.85
Manganese mg 80-90
linc mg 40-50

EP - Egg production

141
Chapler n'

Table 44. Mineral allowances for ducks.

NRC (1994) COTT (1991)

Nutrient
Starter Finisher Breeder Starter Finisher Breeder
L~ngDucks
J;>ekilJ, lYfusc.QY}'. &kin
Tsai.\'a Khaki
Camphcll
Minerals
Calcium, % 0.65 0.60 2.75 0.70 0.60 2.75 3.25
Phosphorus,
available, % 0.40 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.40 0.40 0.45
Sodium, % 0.\5 0.15 0.15 0.18 0.18 .\ 8 0.18
Chloride, % 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.18 0.14 0.14 0.18
Magnesium,ppm 500 500 500 500 500 500 500
Manganese, ppm 50.00 55.00 45.00 35.00 40.00
Zinc,ppm 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00
Selenium, ppm 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20

142
 able 45. Worldwide nutr ient recommendations for ducks.

utrient ott and Dean (1991) Nutrient allowance for Cht'rry

Valley Ducks
Nutrien{ allowances for egg production duc ks Feed intake
Pekins Khaki Campbell 200 g rams <200 grams

Lllergy, ME, Kcal g 2860 2860 2860 2700 29(X)

.\pplicable protein,
level, % 16 17 18
rotein, % 20.00 20.00 or below
a1ci lIl11, % 3.00 3.30
P osphorus,
available, ';,:, 0.45 0.50
\ vailable lysine, % 1.00 1.20

Amino acids Allowances % ofthe Diet

Lysine 0.70 0.75 0.79

\ fethionine 0.30 .2 0.34
1et+ Cys 0.56 0.59 0.62 0.56 0.76
. hreonine 05 1 v., 0.57
r tophan (). IS 0" 0.57

143
 Table 46. Vitamin allowances for ducks. Q
~

Nutrient
NRC (1994)
Starter Finisher Breeder
SCOTT (1991)
Starter Fini sher Breeder
ADISSE0 2 2002
0-8 weeks 9wksto
DSM
2008
BASF
2001
-
~
~

market

Vitamin

Vitamin A, IV 2,500 2,500 4,000 8,000 5,000 10,000 13,000-15,000 13,000-15,000 12,000-15,000 10,000-13,000
Vitamin DJ , IV 400 400 900 1,000 500 1,000 3,000-4,000 3,000-4,000 3,000-5,000 3,000-3,500
Vitamin E, IU 10 10 10 25 20 40 40-80 30-150 40-80' 40-60
Vitamin~,mg 0.50 0.50 0.50 2 2 3-5 2-3 3-5 2-4
Vitamin 8 1, mg 2 2 2 2-4 2-3 2-3 2-3
Vitamin 8 2, mg 4 4 4 70 5 5 10-12 8-10 7-9 6-8
Niacin,mg 55 55 55 70 70 50 40-60 40-60 50-70 40-60
...a.
~
Pantothenic acid, mg 11 11 11 12 11 15 20-40 10-30 10-15 8-12
~ Vitamin 8 6 , mg 3 3 3 3 3 3 4-(:i 3-5 5-7 4-6
Folic acid, mg 0.50 025 0.50 1-2 1-1.5 1-2 1.00
Biotin, meg 150 100 150 100-150 80-120 100-150 100-150
Vitamin 8 12,mcg 10 5 10 30-40 20-30 20-40" 25-35
Choline,mg 1,300 1,000 1,000 300-500 40-600
Vitamin C, mg 200 200 100-200e

, Dietary fat higher than 3%: + 5 mg/kg feed for each I % dietary fat.
b Use upper limit in animal protein-free diet.
, Recommended in stress conditions and to enhance reproductive performa nce in bree ders.

• Added per kg air-dry feed .

 Table 47. Worldwide nutrient recommendations for ducks.

NRC (1994) White Pekin SCOTT & DEAN (1991)

Nut.rient Starter Grower Breeder Pekins Muscovy & Male ducks
0-2 wks 2-7 wks Starter Grower Starter Grower

ME,Kcallkg 2900 3000 2900 3100 3050 2800 2900

Crude protein, % 22 16 15 22 17 20 18

Amino acids fercent 2f dieta~ Percent of Allowances percent of the diet

pr2tein the diet
Lysine 0.90 0.65 0.60 5.00 1.10 0.77 1.00
Methionine 0.40 0.30 0.27 2.00 0.44 0.32 0.40
Met + cys 0.70 0.55 0.55 3.60 0.79 0.59 0.72
Threonine 3.60 0.80 0.80 0.72
~

~
Tryptophan 0.23 0.17 0.14 1.15 0.25 0.20 0.23
U'I
 J,aprer TI .

Table 48. Suggested minimum nutrient recomm endations for ostrich.

Nutrient Uni t Starter Boo te l Breed e r M ainte oa nce

U-8 wks 8-25 \vk,

ME: Protein ratio L47 ISS 1.~3 165

Energy, ME KcaJ/kg 2640 2640 2530 2640

Crude protein % 18.00 17.00 16.50 16.00
Calciwn % 1.25 1.25 2.50 1.2
Phosphorus, available % 0.68 0.65 0.65 0.65
Sodiwn ~,~} 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22
Linoleic acid u, 'Q lAO 140 lAO lAO

Amino acids
Lysine 0.90 078 0.75 0.75
Methionin e % 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36
pi
Met + Cy~ c 0.70 0.60 0.60 0.60
Tryptophan %
1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18

Amino acid: Energy (ME) ratio

Lysine g/Mcal 3AI 2.95 2.96 2.84
Methionine g/\tfcai 1.36 1.36 IA2 1.36
Met + Cys g/Mcal 2. 65 2.27 2.37 2.27
Tryptophan g/Mcal 0.68 0.68 0.7 1 0.68

Amino acid: Lysine ratio

Lysine ~/O 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
u ,!
Methionine ." 40.00 46.00 48.00 48.00
Met i Cys In 78.00 77.00 80.00 73.00
Tryptophan % 20 .00 23.00 24.00 24.00

Ad"f'lcd .lmlll NRC (I'J'N) . Nlll n ClI1 'q ll ire' mom ls or ,,!llIilry.

146
 {\'Iltrient ReaHl/lJIclJdacions f or Poultl .'

Table 49. Vitamin and trace mineral recommendations for ostrich.

Nutrient Unit/kg NRC DSM

feed 1994 2008

Vitamins

VitarninA IU 12,000 12,000-16,000

Vitamin D3 ICU 3,900 3,000-4,000
Vitamin E IU 45 40-60'
Vitamin~ mg 15 2-4
Vitamin B, mg 4 3-5
VitaminB 2 mg 11 10-20
Vitamin B6 mg 8 6-8
Vitamin B'2 mcg 2.50 50-100 b
Polic acid mg 2.10 2-4
Niacin mg 56 80-100
Pantothenic acid mg 21 12-20
Choline mg 450 600-800
Biotin mcg 150 300-350
VitaminC mg 200-250 c

Trace minerals

Manganese mg 80.00
Zinc mg 80.00
Copper mg 10.00
Iron mg 45.00
Iodine mg 1.00
Selenium mg
Cobalt mg

• Dietary fat higher 'han 3% : + 5 mg.' kg fe ed for each I % dietary fat.

Use upper limit in animal protein-free diet .
< Recommended in stress conditions anJ to enhance reproduc.tive performance in breeders

147
ChapterW

Table 50. Nutrient recommendations for Japanese quail.

Nutrient Unit Starter Grower Layer/

0-6wks after 6 wks Breeder

ME: Protein ratio 121 121 145

Energy, ME Kcal/kg 2900 2900 2900

Crude protein 0/0 24.00 24.00 20.00
Calcium % 0.80 0.80 2.50
Phosphorus, available % 0.30 0.30 0.35
Salt (NaCI) % 0.15 0.15 0.15
Linoleic acid % 1.00 1.00 1.00

Amino acids
Lysine % 1.30 1.30 1.00
Methionine % 0.50 0.50 0.45
Met + Cys % 0.75 0.75 0.70
Tryptophan % 0.22 0.22 0.19

Amino acid: Energy (ME) ratio

Lysine g/Mcal 4.33 4.33 3.45
Methionine g/Mcal 1.67 1.67 1.50
Met + Cys glMcal 2.50 2.50 2.41
Tryptophan glMcal 0.73 0.73 0.63

Amino acid: Lysine ratio

Lysine % 100.00 100.00 100.00
Methionine % 38.00 38.00 45.00
Met + Cys % 58.00 58.00 70.00
Tryptophan % 17.00 17.00 19.00

Adapted from NRC (1994) . Nutrient requirements for poultry.

148
 Nutnent Recommendations for Poultry

Table 51. Vitamin and trace mineral recommendations for Japanese quail.

Nutrient Unit/ Starter / Grower Breeder

kg 0-6 wks

VItamins

Vitamin A IU 1,650 3,300

VitaminD lCU 750 900
VitaminE IU 12 25
VitaminK mg I I
VItaminB, mg 2 2
VitaminB2 mg 4 4
VitaminB6 mg 3 3
VitaminB'2 meg 3 3
Biotin meg 300 150
Choline mg 2,000 1,500
Folic acid mg I 1
Niacin mg 40 20
Pantothenic acid mg to 15

Trace minerals

Copper mg 5 5
Iodine mg 0.3 0.3
Iron mg 120 60
Manganese mg 60 60
Selenimn mg 0.2 0.2
Zinc mg 25 50

.4dapted from NRC (I 994}. Nutrient requirements for poultry.

149
( haprer Ji .

REFERENCES
\ f) 1SS I: n. 2002. ,\Ii.T O!! fl.'ifWLOIl (lit/rlt'.

.\I ~c. Infm m;\tio n No. 252. 0:)60(J . 'i ll cd C 'mmentary, h ,1l1cc.

\~ \ " F \ k I tt ' 11 ~t -;e ll sc\u ft. .\ IF -\j r r. .2.() ()1 . l{ /J.'{J/lIi!1,·lIdal {',II,' )01' lilamill addilin:.!' 1(;
fe, tI.

Creswe ll , D. and R. SwiCK. Io'o rmu l,u in g \vith digestih lc amin o acid . ./1J·jtlll Pl)uff1)
A1~I!~"'\.ille. -" brch / . \ p ril 200 1.

D S :\ L 20 0H . r itami ll mpplrmf IIlu!irl ll . ~lIideil IlfJ' jo r dom eJl i( utlimu/J. K.aise raugs t,
$wi t%c rland.

Feedstuffs Reference Isslie. 1989.

~ (\ tiona l Resea rch Council . 199~. Nt.drif lll /'('qui remetlfi fo r pouf/~j. 9 1h ed . N ati o nal
_\ cademy of Sciences. ~ati o n:ll _-\ cademy Press. \'\ 'ash ingto n DC, LJS_\.

\: o rth Carojir1;l Sta te Univers ity - CC)o per:lti n' Extensio n ServICe. jJr)(!fll"j' .~ ,utlr:e l vd . ..
~ o. I :) . Commcr usc Ostrich Productio n.

Sco tt, ~ f. L., .\I.e. N es hi t'm, and R.S. Yo ung. 1982. NlItl7./ioli ?! tbe .jyj,·keJI. 3'0 ed.
Ith acrl, ~ew York: ':'If. L. Scott and _\ssociates. p562.

Scott, .\f. L. rll1d \,\ '. F D C;1I1 . 1991. Nut/ilion management 0/ duck.!. p55-88.

Yirginia Co o pe[Cl tiYe J ·~x tcns lo n . Ratite N utrition and Feeding. Jmaff F/olk Sheet. No. 7.

150
 ·CHAPTER V
NUTRIENT RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR BEEF CATTLE, DAIRY CATTLE,
WATER BUFFALOES, SHEEP, AND GoATS

RU~nN_\NTS H_\VE THE same nutrient requirements as swine and poultry.

evertheless, they differ from swine and poultry on how they process their own
required nutrients . In a ruminant stomach, the rumen and reticulum host billions
of microorganisms capable of digesting and fermenting cellulose in the feedstuffs.
During fermentation, by-products like acetic, propionic and butyric acids are
produced. These are collectively called volatile fatty acids or VF"\ which serve
J.S source of energy for ruminants. ~[icroorganisms in the rumen can utilize non-

protein nitrogen (e.g. urea) and synthesize it into microbial protein which is the
digestible form .for ruminant animal. Therefore, microorganisms in the rumen
provide the ruminants with energy from the food they ferment and protein from
the microbial protein they synthesize. In addition, microorganisms in the rumen
synthesize vitamin B complex and vitamin K, hence, meeting the partial vitamin
requirements of the animal.

151
ClJapttrV

NUTRIENT RECOMMENDATIONS

The daily nutrient requirements of beef cattle, water buffaloes or carabaos,

sheep and goats are based on the data summarized by Kearl (1982) for the nutrient
requirements of ruminants in developing countries (Tables 52, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60).
Notice that the requirements for dry matter (Dl\I), total digestible nutrient (TDN) or
metabolizable energy ('\fE), total protein or crude protein (CP), calcium(Ca),
phosphorus (P) and Vitamin _-\ are expressed as amount of nutrients required per day.
In feeding ruminants, it is necessary to meet the dry matter requirement for which
must contain the prescribed energy (TDN or i\fE), CP, Ca and P. Salt block or a
concentrate mixture containing salt and trace mineral premL,{ provide for the salt and
trace mineral requirements. The requirements for Vitamins A, D and E are met by
using injectables, while the B complex vitamins are derived through microbial
fermentation in the rumen.

Dairy cattle requirements are based on the recommendations of the National

Research Council (1988). Table 53 presents the required daily dry matter intake for
maintenance, milk production and normal Iiveweight gain in dairy cattle during mid-
and late lactation. The equation for calculating 4 percent fat corrected milk (FCl\1) is
as follows:

4% fiCM = (0.4) (kg of milk) + (15) (kg of fat)

Table 54 provides the daily requirements of lactating and pregnant dairy cattle
for protein, '\fE, TDN, Ca, P and Vitamins ~-\ & D. The amount of nutrients required
is the sum of the requirements for maintenance and milk production. It also depends
on the volume of milk produced and the fat content of milk.

In this chapter, the additional practical feeding guides for cattle, goat and
carabaos (Tables 61 to 64) at different physiological status provides an easy reference
for ruminant pra<;titioners.

The recommended nutrient concentrations in the dietary dry matter for dairy
cattle are presented in Table 55. For lactating cows with liveweight between 400 to
800 kg, five columns of milk yields are listed. For milk yields below the lowest levels,

152
 N limen! Recommendations.fOr Beif Cattle, Dairy Cattle, Water Buffaloes, Sheep and Coeds

use the nutrient concentrations in the first column. Conversely, use the values in the
fifth column for yields above the highest level. During the first three weeks of
lactation, feed the cows with a diet containing nutrients listed under "Early lactation"
regardless of liveweight and milk yield. Furthermore, it is important to satisfy the
fiber requirements of the diet as it influenced the fat content of milk.

153
Chapter V

Table 52. Daily nutrient requirements of beef cattle (Kearl, 1982).

Body Gain Dry Energy Total Ca P Vito A

Weight Matter Protein b
Intake ME TDN"
(kg) (kg) (kg) (r'-Ical) (kg) (g) (g) (g) (1000 IU)
Steers

100 0.00 2.2 3.76 1.0 167 5 5 5

0.25 2.6 4.76 J.3 306 10 7 6
0.50 3.0 5.82 1.6 379 15 9 6
0.75 3.2 6.88 1.9 448 20 11 6
1.00 3.3 7.94 2.2 541 25 15 7

150 0.00 3.0 5.10 1.4 231 6 6 6

0.25 3.8 6.56 1.8 400 12 9 8
0.50 4.2 8.02 2.2 474 16 10 9
0.75 4.4 9.55 2.6 589 21 13 9
1.00 4.5 10.93 3.0 607 27 16

200 0.00 3.7 6.30 1.8 285 6 6 8

0.25 4.5 8.10 2.2 470 11 9 11
0.50 5.2 9.90 2.8 554 16 12 12
0.75 5.4 J 1.70 3.2 622 21 15 13
1.00 5.6 13.51 3.7 690 27 17 13
1.10 5.6 14.23 3.9 714 30 18 13

250 0.00 4.4 7.40 2.0 337 9 9 9

0.25 5.3 9.52 2.6 534 12 10 12
0.50 6.2 11.64 3.2 623 16 14 13
0.75 6.4 J3.78 3.8 693 21 17 14
1.00 6.6 15.84 4.3 760 28 19 14
l.i0 6.6 16.68 4.6 782 30 20 14

300 0.00 5.0 8.50 2.4 385 10 10 10

0.25 6.0 10.90 3.0 588 15 II 11
0.50 7.0 13.40 3.7 679 19 J4 13
0.75 7.4 15.80 4.3 753 23 18 15
1.00 7.5 18.23 5.0 819 28 21 16
1.10 7.6 19.20 5.3 847 30 22 16

154
 Nutrient Recommendations for Beef Cattle, Dairy Cattle, Water Bt11aioes, Sheep and Goats

Table 52 continued...

Body Gain Dry Energy Total Ca P VitoA

Weight Matter b

Intake ME TDN" Protein

(kgJ (kgJ (kgJ (Meal) (kgJ (g) (g) (g) (1000 IU)

350 0.00 5.7 9.50 2.6 432 12 12 12

0.25 6.8 12.22 3.3 635 16 14 16
0.50 7.9 14.94 4.1 731 20 16 18
0.75 8.3 17.66 4.8 806 25 18 18
1.00 8.5 20.38 5.6 874 30 21 18
1.l0 8.5 21.47 5.9 899 31 23 18
1.20 8.5 22.56 6.2 923 32 24 18

400 0.00 6.2 10.60 2.9 478 13 13 13

0.25 7.5 13.63 3.7 664 16 15 15
0.50 8.7 16.66 4.6 772 21 18 17
0.75 9.1 19.69 5.4 875 26 21 18
1.00 9.3 22.74 6.2 913 31 24 19
1.10 9.4 23.95 6.6 942 32 25 19
1.20 9.4 25 .16 7.0 967 33 25 19
1.30 9.3 26.37 7.2 988 33 26 19

450 0.00 6.8 11.53 3.2 528 14 14 14

0.25 8.2 14.79 4.1 703 18 17 16
0.50 9.5 18.08 5.0 805 22 20 17
0.75 10.0 21.37 5.9 911 26 23 19
1.00 10.2 24.67 6.8 952 29 26 2()
1.l0 10.2 25.99 7.2 975 30 27 2()
1.20 10.2 27.31 7.6 998 31 28 2()
1.30 10.0 28.62 7.9 1018 32 29 2()

500 0.00 7.4 12.50 3.4 567 15 15 15

0.25 8.9 16.10 4.4 727 19 18 17
0.50 10.3 19.70 5.4 831 23 21 19
0.75 10.8 23.20 6.4 938 27 24 21
1.00 11.0 26.80 7.4 975 30 27 23
1.l0 11.1 28.24 7.8 1005 30 27 23
1.20 11.0 29.67 8.2 1026 31 28 23
1.30 10.9 31.10 8.6 1048 32 28 23
1.40 10.6 32.53 9.0 1063 33 29 23

155
Chapter V

Table 52 continued...

Body Gain Dry Energy Total Ca P Vito A

Weight Matter Protein b
Intake ME TDN"
(kg) (kg) (kg) (}.kal) (kg) (g) (g) (g) (1000 IU)
Heifers
Maintenance and Growtb c

100 0.00 2.4 3.81 1.1 178 4 4 5

0.25 2.9 4.90 1.3 321 13 10 6
0.50 3.1 5.99 1.7 391 14 11 6
0.75 3.2 7.09 2.0 460 20 14 6
1.00 3.3 8.18 2.3 527 26 18 7

ISO 0.00 3.3 5.25 1.6 234 5 5 6

0.25 4.0 6.76 1.9 414 13 11 8
0.50 4.2 8.26 2.3 513 14 12 9
0.75 4.4 9.76 2.7 552 19 15 9
1.00 4.5 11.26 3.1 623 25 18 9

200 0.00 4.0 6.49 1.8 299 6 6 8

0.25 4.9 8.34 2.3 492 10 10 12
0.50 5.6 10.20 2.8 577 14 13 13
0.75 5.5 12.05 3.3 639 19 16 13
1.00 5.6 13.92 3.8 707 23 18 13

250 0.00 4.8 7.62 2.1 264 7 7 9

0.25 5.8 9.81 2.7 486 12 12 14
0.50 6.2 11.99 3.3 564 13 13 14
0.75 6.5 14.19 3.9 644 18 15 14
1.00 6.6 16.32 4.5 724 23 18 14
1.10 6.6 17.18 4.8 757 25 20 14

300 0.00 5.5 8.76 2.4 303 9 9 10

0.25 6.7 11.23 3.1 526 13 13 16
0.50 7.1 13.80 3.8 604 14 14 16
0.75 7.4 16.27 4.5 717 17 15 16
1.00 . 7.6 18.78 5.2 764 21 18 16
1.10 7.3 22.11 6.1 797 24 20 16

156
 I

Nutrient Recommendations for Beef Cattle, Dairy Cattle, Water Buffaloes, Sheep and Goats

Table 52 continued...

Body Gain Dry Energy Total Ca P Vito A

Weight Matter Protein b
Intake ME TDN'
(kg) (kg) (kg) (}.Ical) (kg) (g) (g) (g) (1000 IU)

350 0.00 6.1 9.78 2.7 340 10 10 12

0.25 7.4 12.59 3.5 557 15 15 18
0.50 8.0 15.39 4.3 637 15 15 18
0.75 8.3 18.19 5.0 717 15 15 18
1.00 8.5 20.99 5.8 797 18 18 18
1.10 8.5 22.11 6.1 829 20 19 18
1.20 8.4 23.24 6.4 860 21 20 18

0.00 6.8 10.92 3.0 377 11 11 13

0.25 8.3 14.04 3.9 579 15 15 19
0.50 8.8 17.16 4.7 657 15 15 19
0.75 9.2 20.28 5.6 739 16 16 19
1.00 9.4 23.42 6.5 819 18 18 19
1.10 9.4 24.67 6.8 850 19 19 19
1.20 9.2 25.27 7.0 883 20 19 19

-t5O 0.00 7.4 11.85 3.3 411 12 12 14

0.25 9.0 15.23 4.2 590 16 16 19
0.50 9.6 18.62 5.1 671 17 17 20
0.75 10.0 22.01 6.1 750 18 18 20
1.00 10.2 25.41 7.0 831 19 19 20
1.10 10.2 26.77 7.4 857 20 20 20

Last 3 Months of Gestation

0.60 6.5 12.50 3.4 579 18 18 22
0.60 7.4 14.20 3.9 614 18 18 23
0.60 8.3 16.10 4.4 650 19 19 25
0.60 9.2 17.80 4.9 671 19 19 27
0.60 10.0 19.40 5.3 679 19 19 29

157
ChaptcrV

Table 52 continued ...

Body Gain Dry Energy Total Ca P Vito A

Weight Matter Protein b
ME TDNa
Intake
(kg) (kg) (kg) (1kal) (kg) (g) (g) (g) (1000 IU)

Mature Cows
Last 3 Months of Gestation

300 0.40 6.9 12.40d 3.4 409 11 11 17

350 0.40 7.7 13.90 3.8 444 12 12 19
400 0.40 8.5 15.40 4.2 480 14 14 21
450 0.40 9.3 16.80 4.6 514 15 15 23
500 0.40 10.1 18.20 5.0 546 15 15 24
550 0.40 10.8 19.50 5.3 579 16 16 26
600 0.40 11.5 20.80 5.7 629 17 17 27

Lactating Cows
First 12 Weeks of Lactation

250 6.4 14.00' 3.8 650 22 22 16

300 7.3 15.20 4.2 686 23 23 17
350 8.1 16.40 4.5 721 24 24 19
400 8.9 17.50 4.8 557 25 25 21
450 9.6 18.60 5.1 793 26 26 23
500 10.3 19.70 5.4 821 27 27 24
550 11.0 20.70 5.7 857 28 28 26
600 11.7 21.70 5.9 886 28 28 27

, TON values were calculated using a factor of 3.62 Mcal ME = I kg TON.

b Total protein has been calculated from digestible protein.

'Heifers within weight classes, may not consume sufficient energy to maintain the higher average daily gains shown
in the table.
d It is assumed that growth in the products of conception average 400 g1d during this period.
, Estimated using a value of 132 kcalfWkgO 75 for the maintenance requirement, this is about 12% more than the
maintenance requirement of mature non-lactating cows, plus the requirements for a daily milk yield of 5 kg of 4%
FCM.

158
 Nutnenl RecommendatioJls jor Beef Cattle. [JalO' (attie, Water BuffaloeJ, Sheep and CoatI

Table 53. Dry matter intake (DMI) requirements to fulfill nutrient allowances for
maintenance, milk production, and normal live weight gain during mid and
late lactation.

4%FCMa Liveweight (kg) be

(kg) 400 500 600 700 800

10 2.7 2.4 2.2 2,0 1.9

15 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.3 2.2
20 3.6 3.2 2.9 2.6 2.4
25 4.0 3.5 3.2 2,9 2,7
30 4.4 3.9 3.5 3.2 2.9
35 5.0 4.2 3.7 3.4 3.1
40 5.5 4.6 4.0 3.6 3.3

, 4% fat-corrected milk (kg) = (0.4) (kg of milk) + (15) (kg of milk fat).
" The probable DMI may be up to 18% less in early lactation.
, DMI as a percentage of live weight may be 0.02% less per I % increase in diet moisture
content above 50% if fermented feeds constitute a major portion of the diet.

Note: The. following assumptions were made in calculating DlvII requirements shown in this table:
1. The reference cow used for the calculations weighed 600 kg and produced milk with 4% milk fat.
Other live weights in the table and corresponding fat percentages were 400 kg and 5% fat; 500 kg and 4.5%
fat; and 700 and 800 kg and 3.5% fat.
2. The concentration of energy in the diet for the cow was 1.42 Meal ofNEL/kgofDM for milk yields
equal to or less than 10 kg/d. It increased linearly to 1.72 Meal ofNEL/kg for milk yields equal to or greater
,han 40 kg/d.
3. The energy concentrations of the diets for all other cows were assumed to change linearly as their
energy requirements for milk production, relative to maintenance, changed in a manner identical to that of
ihe 600-kg cow as she can increase in milk yield from 10 to 40 kg/ d. Enough Dl\.I to provide sufficient
energy for cows to gain 0,055% of their body weights daily was also included in the total. If cows do not
onsume as much DM as they require, as calculated in this table, their energy intake will be less than their
requirement. The result will be a loss of body weight, reduced milk yields, or both. Jf cows consume more
D~f than what is projected as required from the table, the energy concentration of their diet should be
~educed or they may become overly fat.

Source: NRC (/988). Nutrient requirements for dairy callie.

159
Chapter V

Table 54. Daily nutrient requirements of lactating and pregnant cows.

Live Energy Total Crude Vitamins

weight ME 1DN Protein Ca P A D
(kg) (Meal) (kg) (g) (g) (g) (lOOO IU)

Maintenance of Mature Lactating Cows •

400 12.01 3.13 318 16 11 30 12
450 13.12 3.42 341 18 13 34 14
500 14.20 3.70 364 20 14 38 15
550 15.25 3.97 386 22 16 42 17
600 16.28 4.24 406 24 17 46 18
650 17.29 4.51 428 26 19 49 20
700 18.28 4 .76 449 28 20 53 21
750 19.25 5.02 468 30 21 57 23
800 20.20 5.26 486 32 23 61 24

Maintenance Plus Last 2 Months of Gestation of Mature Dry Cows b

400 15.26 4.15 875 26 16 30 12

450 16.66 4.53 928 30 18 34 14
500 18.04 4.90 978 33 20 38 15
550 19.37 5.27 1,027 36 22 42 17
600 20.68 5.62 1,074 39 24 46 18
650 21.96 5.97 1,120 43 26 49 20
700 23.21 6.31 1,165 46 28 53 21
750 24.44 6.65 1,209 49 30 57 23
800 25.66 6.98 1,254 53 32 61 24

Milk Production -Nutrients/kg of Milk at Different Fat Percentages <

(Fat%)
3.0 1.07 0.280 78 2.73 1.68
3.5 1.15 0.301 84 2.97 1.83
4.0 1.24 0.322 90 3.21 1.98
4.5 1.32 0.343 96 3.45 2.13
5.0 1.40 0.364 101 3.69 2.28
5.5 1.48 0.385 107 3.93 2.43

"To allow for growth of young lactating cows, increase the maintenance allowances for all nutrients except
vitamins A and D by 2q% during first lactation and 10% during the second lactation.
bValues for calcium assume that the cow is in calcium balance at the beginning of the last 2 months of gestation. If
the cow is not in balance, then the calcium requirement can be increased from 25 to 33%.
'No allowance is made for mobilized calcium and phosphorus associated wit h live weight loss or with live weight
gain. The maximum daily nitrogen available from weight loss is assumed to be 30 g or 234 g of crude protein.

Source : NRC (1988). Nutrient requirements Jor dairy callIe.

160
 Nlltrient RecommmdationJjor Beef Cattle, Dairy Cattle, Water Buffafoes, Sheep and Gocrts

TaMe 55. Recommended nutrient content of diets for dairy cattle (NRC, 1988).

Cow Weight
weight Fat gain Lactating cow diets, milk yields
(kg) (%) (kg/day) (kg/day)
400 5.0 .0.220 7.00 13.00 20.00 26.00 33.00
506 4.5 0.275 8.00 17.00 25 .00 33 .00 41.00
600 4.0 0.330 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00
700 3.5 0.385 12.00 24.00 36.00 48.00 60.00
800 3.5 0.440 13.00 27.00 40.00 53.00 67.00

Energy
ME, McaJ/kg 2 .35 2.53 2.53 2.89 2.89
DE, Mcal/kg 2.77 2.95 2.95 3.31 3.31
TDN,%ofDM 63.00 67.00 67.00 75,00 75.00
Crude protein, % 12.00 15.00 15.00 17.00 18.00
Fiber content (NLT)a
Crude fiber, % 17.00 17.00 17.00 15.00 15.00
Acid detergent fiber, % 21.00 21.00 21.00 19.00 19.00
Neutral detergent fiber, % 28.00 28.00 28.00 25.00 25.00
Ether extract (NLT), % 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
\finerals
Calcium, %b 0.43 0.51 0.51 0.64 0.66
Phosphorus, % 0.28 0.33 0.33 0.41 O.4J
Magnesium, % 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.25 0 .25
Potassium, % 0.90 0.90 0.90 \.00 J.OO
Sodium, % 0.18 0.18 0. 18 0.18 0.18
Chlorine, % 0.25 0 .25 0.25 0.25 0.25
Sulfur, % 0.20 0.20 0 .20 0.20 0.20
Iron, ppm 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00
Cobalt, ppm 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
Copper, ppm' 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
Manganese, ppm 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00
Zinc, ppm 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00
Iodine, ppmd 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60
Selenium, ppm 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
VitaminsC
A, IV/kg 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200
D, IU/kg 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
E, IV/kg 15 15 15 15 15

161
GapterV

Table 55 continued ...

Early Dry Calf Calf

Nutrients Lactation Pregnant milk starter
0-3 weeks cows replacer mix

Energy
ME, Mcal/kg 2.80 2.04 3.78 3. 11
DE,Mcal/kg 3.22 2.47 4.19 3.53
TDN ,% ofDM 73.00 56.00 95.00 80.00
Crude protein, % 19.00 12.00 22.00 18.00
Fiber content (NLT)'
Crude fiber, % 17.00 22.00
Acid detergent fiber, % 28.00 27.00
Neutral-detergent fiber, % 28.00 35.00
Ether extract (NLT), % 3.00 3.00 10.00 3.00
Minerals
Calcium, %b 0.77 0.39 b 0 .70 0.60
Phosphorus, % 0.48 0.24 0.60 0.40
Magnesium, % 0.25 0.16 0.07 0.10
Potassium, % 1.00 0.65 0.65 0.65
Sodium, % 0.18 0.10 0.10 0.10
Chlorine, % 0.25 0.20 0.20 0.20
Sulfur, % 0.25 0.16 0.29 0.20
Iron, ppm 50.00 50.00 100.00 50.00
Cobalt, ppm 0. 10 0.10 0.10 0.10
Copper, ppmc 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
Manganese, ppm 40.00 40 .00 40.00 40.00
Zinc, ppm 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00
Iodine, ppm d 0.60 0.25 0.25 0.25
Selenium, ppm 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
Vitamins"
A, IU/kg 4000 4000 3800 2200
D, IU/kg 1000 1200 600 300
E,IU/kg 15 15 40 25

162
 Nlltlient Recommendations for Beif Cattle, Dairy Cattle, Water Buffaloes, Sheep and Goats

Table 55 continued ...

Growing Heifers and Bulls** Mature
Nutrients
3-6 months 6-12 months 12 months · Bulls
Energy
ME, Mcal/kg 2.60 2.47 2.27 2.00
DE, McaIJkg 3.02 . 2.89 · 2.69 2.43
TDN, %ofDM 69.00 66.00 61.00 55 .00
Crude protein, % 16.00 14.00 12.00 10.00
Fiber content (NLT)'
Crude fiber, % 13.00 15.00 15.00 15.00
Acid detergent fiber, % 16.00 19.00 19.00 . 19.00
Neutral-detergent fiber, % 23.00 25.00 25 .00 25.00
Ether extract (NLT), % 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
Y1inerals
Calcium, %b 0.52 0.41 0.29 0.30
Phosphorus, % 0.31 0.30 0.23 O.! 9
Magnesium, % 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16
Potassium, % 0.65 0 .65 0.65 0.65
Sodium, % 0.10 0 .10 0.10 0.10
Chlorine, % 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Sulfur, % 0.16 0.16 0.16 0. 16
Iron, ppm 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00
Cobalt, ppm 0.10 0.10 0. 10 0.10
Copper, ppmc 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
Manganese, ppm 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00
Zinc, ppm 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00
Iodine, ppmd 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
Selenium, ppm 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
\ "itamins'
A, IU/kg 2200 2200 2200 3200
D,IUJkg 300 300 300 300
E, IUJkg 25 25 25 15
I! is recommended that 75% of the NDF in lactating cow diets be provided as forage . If thi s recommendation is
"1ot followed , a depression in milk fat may occ ur.
·The value for calcium assumes that the cow is in calcium balance at the beginning of the dry period. If the cow
l> not in bala nce, then the dietary cal c ium requirement should be increased by 25 -33%.
The cow 's copper requirement is influenced by molybdenum and sulfur in the diet.
Lf the diet contains as muc h as 25 % strongly goitrogenic feed on a dry basis, the iodine provided s hould be
Increased two time s or more .
-The following minimum quantiti es of B-complex vitamins are s uggested per unit of milk replacer, niac in, 2.6 ppm;
pantothenic ac id, 13 ppm; riboflavin, 6.5 ppm; pyridoxine, 6.5 ppm; folic acid, 0.5 ppm; biotin, 0.1 ppm; vitamin B 12,
n 07 ppm; thiamin, 6.5 ppm; and choline, 0.25%. It appears that adequate amounts of these vitamins are furnished when
calves have functional rumens .(usually at 6 weeks of age) by a combinat ion of rumen synthesis and natural feedstuffs .
•• The approximate weight for growing heifers and bulls at 3-6 mos is 150 kg; and at more than 12 mos, it is 400
g" T he approximate average daily gain is 700 g/d.

Note: The values presented in this table are intended as guidelines for the use of professionals in diet formulation.
Because of the many fa ctors a ffe cting such values, they are not inten ded to be and should not be used as legal or
regu latory ba.se .

163
Oapter V

Table 56. Daily Nutrient requirements of buffaloes (Kearl, 1982).

Body Gain Dry Energy Total Ca P Vito A

Weight · Matter Protein'
Intake ME TDN
(kg) (kg) (kg) (Meal) 0<g) (g) (g) (g) (1000 IU)

Maintenance and growth

100b 0.00 2.4 3.95 1.09 163 4 4 5

0.25 3.0 6.45 1.78 312 9 8 6
0.50 2.8 8.95 2.47 373 14 II 6
0.75 2.8 11.45 3.16 439 20 14 6

150 0.00 3.3 5.36 1.48 223 5 5 6

0.25 3.9 7.86 2.17 393 \0 9 9
0.50 4.1 10.36 2.86 486 14 12 9
0.75 3.9 12.86 3.55 548 17 15 9
1.00 3.9 15.36 4.24 609 21 17 9

200 0.00 4.1 6.65 1.84 288 6 6 8

0.25 4.8 9. 15 2.53 465 \0 9 \0
0.50 5.1 11 .65 3.22 543 14 13 12
0.75 5.1 14. 15 3.91 610 19 17 13
1.00 4.8 16.65 4.60 682 23 20 13

250 0.00 4.8 7.86 2.17 327 8 8 9

0.25 5.5 10.36 2.86 525 12 9 10
0.50 5.9 12.86 3.55 604 15 12 12
0.75 6.1 15.36 4.24 677 19 17 14
1.00 5.6 17.86 4.93 732 22 19 14

300 0.00 5.6 9 .01 2.49 377 9 9 10

0.25 6.2 11.76 3.25 579 13 12 II
0.50 6.8 14.51 4 .01 663 17 16 13
0.75 7.0 18.26 5.04 736 21 19 15
1.00 6.5 20.01 5.52 790 26 23 16

350 0.00 6.4 10.11 2.79 426 10 10 12

0.25 7.1 13 . 11 3.62 620 13 12 13
0.50 7.6 16.11 . 4.45 703 17 15 15
0.75 7.8 19.11 5.28 776 20 18 17
1.00 7.2 22.11 6.11 826 23 21 18

164
 1\ 'Ntrient Recommendations for Beef CattLe, Dairy Cattle, Water Buffaloes, Sheep cmd Goats

Table 56 continued ...

Body Gain Dry Energy Total Ca P Vito A

Weight Matter Protein'
Intake ME TDN
kg') (kg) (kg) (Meal) (kg) (g) (g) (g) (10001U)

-tOO 0.00 7.0 11.17 3 .09 469 II II 13

0.25 7.7 14.42 3.98 653 14 13 14
0.50 8.4 17.67 4 .88 740 17 16 16
0.75 8.7 20.92 5.78 818 20 19 18
1.00 8.3 24. 17 6.68 874 23 21 19

450 0.00 7.7 12.21 3.37 515 12 12 14

0.25 8.6 15.71 4 .34 675 14 14 IS
0 .50 9.1 19.21 5.31 758 16 16 17
0 .75 9.5 22.71 6.27 836 18 18 18
1.00 9.2 26.21 7.24 896 20 20 20
1.10 8.8 27 .61 7.62 911 21 21 20

500 0.00 8 .3 13 .21 3.65 556 13 13 14

0.25 9.1 16.96 4.69 701 15 14 16
0.50 9 .7 20.71 5.72 786 16 16 18
0.75 10.2 24.46 6.76 869 18 18 20
1.00 10.4 28.21 7.79 933 20 20 23
1.10 9.7 29 .72 8.21 971 21 21 23

Heifers
Last 3 months of gestation C

300 0 .50 6.7 14.10 3.90 538 16 14 25

350 0.50 7.4 15 . 10 4.20 592 21 16 27
400 0 .50 8.1 16.20 4 .50 647 23 18 30
el50 0.50 8.8 17.20 4 .80 726 26 20 34
500 0.50 9.4 18.20 5.00 779 28 22 38

:\'1ature Cows
Last 3 months of gestation c

400 0.40 8 .0 15.20 4.20 644 23 18 30

450 0.40 8.6 16.20 4 .50 720 26 20 34
500 0.40 9.3 17.20 4.80 776 29 22 38
550 0.40 9 .8 18.20 5.00 832 31 24 42
600 0.40 10.4 19.20 5.30 889 34 26 46

165
Chapter 1- '

Table 56 continued ...

Body Gain Dry Energy Total Ca P Vito A

Weight Matter Protein'
ME TDN
Intake
(kg) (kg) (kg) (Meal) (kg) (g) (g) (g) (1000IU)

650 0.40 11.0 20.20 5.60 944 36 28 50

700 0.40 11.7 21.20 5.90 992 39 30 53
750 0.40 12.2 22.20 6.10 1064 42 32 57
800 0.40 12.7 23.20 6.40 1116 44 34 61

Lactating Cows
Producing 4 kg Containing 7% Fatd

350 0.00 8.4 16.80 4.60 865 27 21 19

400 0.00 9 .0 18.00 5.00 908 30 23 21
450 0.00 9.6 19.10 5.30 950 31 24 23
500 0.00 10.1 20.20 5.60 988 33 25 25
550 0.00 10.7 21.30 5.90 1028 34 26 27
600 0.00 11.2 22.40 6.20 1064 35 27 30
650 0.00 11.7 23.40 6.50 1098 36 28 32
700 0.00 12.2 24.40 6.70 1144 38 29 34
750 0.00 12.6 25.30 7.00 1178 39 30 36
800 0.00 13 .2 26.40 7.30 1214 40 31 38

Adult Non-producing Buffalo

Maintenance
350 0.00 6.3 10.10 2. 80 423 14 II 15
400 0.00 7.0 11 .20 3.10 469 17 13 17
450 0.00 7.6 12.20 3.40 512 18 14 19
500 0.00 8.2 13 .20 3.60 553 20 15 21
550 0.00 8.9 14.20 3.90 597 21 16 23
600 0.00 9.5 15.20 4.20 633 22 17 26
650 0.00 10.3 16.10 4.40 683 23 18 28
700 0.00 10.6 17.00 4.70 714 25 19 30
750 0.00 11.0 17.90 4.90 752 26 20 32
800 0.00 11.5 18 .80 5.20 788 27 2J 34

166
 Nt/bient ReL'ommentiatiomIor Beef Cattle, Dairy Cattle, Wtiter Buffalaes, Sheep and Goats

L ble 56 continued ...

Body Gain Dry Energy Total Ca P Vito A

eight Matter Protein'
Intake ME TDN
~LgJ (kg) O(g) (i\Ical) (kg) (g) (g) (g) (1000 IU)

orking Buffaloes
loderate Work (4 hours/day)"' r

.:00 0.10 4.8 8.57 2.40 455 10 9 10

300 0 .10 6.5 11.89 3.30 577 13 11 13
400 0.05 8.0 15.02 4 . 10 644 17 13 17
500 0.00 9.3 18.02 5.00 617 20 15 21
600 0.00 10.7 20.91 5.80 709 22 17 26

Heavy Work (8 hours/day)

200 0.10 4.8 10.49 2.90 486 10 9 10
300 0.10 6.7 14.77 4.10 623 13 II 13
400 0.05 9.0 18.86 5.20 715 17 13 17
500 0.00 10.9 22.83 6.30 699 20 15 21
600 0.00 12.7 26.67 7.40 815 22 17 26

' Tota l protein was calcu la ted from digestible protein .

mall animals will not make gain greater than about I to 1.25% of body weight unless diets containing large
amoun ts of fat a re provi ded, i.e ., milk or milk replacements .
' Energy ha s been provided for the dev elo pment of mammary glands, etc., in first calf heifers.
Except for Vitamin A, increase all nutrient requirements by 20% during the first lac tation and 10% durin g the
second lactation to allow for growth .
-Energy has been calculated using a va lue of 2.40 kcal ME/ h of work/kg of body weight plus the ME requirement for
maint e nance and growth .
'A safety fa ctor of 10% has been added to the DP requirement fo r growth and maintenance of working buffalo doing
mod erate work and 20% for hea vy work.

Note: Adjustments for milk yield s hould be made in accordance with nutrient constituents of buffaloes milk
at different fat le ve ls (Nutrients/ kg Milk) . The nutrient requirements for milk must be added to the maintenance
requirement to arrive at the total nutrient requirements for maintenance and production.

167
Chapter V

Table 57. Nutrient constituents of buffaloes milk at different fat levels:

nutrients/kg milk

Fat Energy Total Ca P

Content Protein
ME TDN
(kg) (1\ [cal) (kg) (g) (g) (g)

4 .0 1.23 . 0.34 87 2 .7 2.0

5 .0 1,40 0.38 98 2.9 2.2
6 .0 1.57 0,43 108 3.1 2,4
7 .0 1.74 0,48 118 3.3 2.6
8.0 1.91 0.53 128 3.5 2.8
9 .0 2.08 0.57 138 3.7 3.0
10.0 2.25 0.62 149 3.9 3.2
11.0 2,42 0.67 159 4.1 3,4

Source: Kearl (/982). Nutrient requirement.l· of ruminants in developing countries.

168
 Nlltrient Recommetldations for Beef Cattle, Dairy Cattle, Water Buffaloes, Sheep and Goats

Table 58. Daily Nutrient requirements of sheep (Kearl, 1982).

Body Gain Dry Energy Total Ca P Vito A Vito D

Weight Matter Protein
Intake ME TDN" (1000
'g) (kg) (kg) ~fcal) (kg) (g) (g) (g) IU) (IU)

Ewes and Lambs

.'\laintenance, Growth, Non-Lactating and First 15 weeks of Gestation

\0 0 0.33 0.52 0.14 26 2.2 1.5 1.8 60

25 0.36 0.64 0.18 30 2.2 1.5 1.8 62
50 0.39 0.76 0.21 35 2.3 1.5 1.9 64
100 0.42 1.00 0.28 43 2.3 1.6 1.9 66
150 0.39 1.24 0.34 49 2.4 1.6 2.0 67

15 0 0.45 0.71 0.20 36 2.7 1.7 2.8 194

25 0.49 0 .87 0.24 42 2.7 1.7 2.8 194
50 0.53 1.04 0.29 49 2.8 1.8 2.9 196
100 0.56 1.37 0.38 58 2.9 1.9 3.0 198
150 0.52 1.69 0.47 65 3.0 2.0 3.1 200

20 0 0.55 0.88 0.24 44 3.2 2.1 3.9 124

25 0.61 1.08 0.30 52 3.2 2.2 3.9 126
50 0.66 1.29 0.36 59 3.3 2.3 4.0 128
100 0.71 1.69 0.47 72 3.4 2.4 4.1 130
150 0.65 2.10 0.58 81 3.6 2.4 4.2 133

J5 0 0.65 1.04 0.29 53 4.0 2.6 4.8 156

25 0.72 1.28 0.36 61 4.1 2.7 4.9 156
50 0.78 1.52 0.42 70 4.1 2.7 4.9 160
100 0.83 2.00 0.55 85 4.2 2.8 5.0 164
150 0.77 2.48 0.69 96 4.3 2.9 5.1 167

30 0 0.75 1.19 0.33 59 4.4 3.0 5.9 192

50 0.89 1.74 0.48 81 4.6 3.1 6.0 194
100 0.95 2.29 0.63 98 4.8 3.2 6.2 198
125 0.94 2.57 0.72 \03 4.9 3.3 6.3 199
140 '0.87 2.73 0.75 106 5.0 3.3 6.3 200

169
Chapter V

Table 58 continued ...

Body Gain Dry Energy Total Ca P Vito A Vito D

Weight Matter Protein
Intake ME TDN" (1000
(kg) (kg) (kg) (Meal) (kg) (g) (g) (g) lU) (1U)

35 0 0.85 1.34 0.37 68 5.6 3.1 3.9 210

50 0.99 1.96 0.54 100 5.7 3.1 3.9 212
100 1.07 2.58 0.71 III 5.8 3.2 4.0 214
125 1.06 2.89 0.80 117 5.9 3.3 4.1 218
140 0.98 3.07 0.85 121 5.9 3.4 4.2 220

40 0 0.93 1.48 0.41 75 5.7 3.1 3.9 220

50 1.10 2.16 0.60 100 5.7 3.1 3.9 223
100 1.19 2.85 0.79 121 5.9 3.2 4.0 226
125 1.18 3.19 0.88 131 6.0 3.3 4.1 228
140 1.10 3.40 0.94 133 6.1 3.4 4.2 230

50 0 1.10 1.75 0.48 89 5.9 3.1 4.7 268

50 1.30 2.56 0.71 118 6.0 3.3 4.9 273
100 1.41 3.37 0.93 144 6.1 3.4 5.0 276
125 1.40 3.77 1.04 154 6.2 3.4 5.1 277
140 1.30 4.01 1.1 I 157 6.3 3.5 5.2 278

0 1.27 2.00 0.55 102 6.0 3.1 5.8 325

50 1.50 2.93 0.81 135 6.2 3.3 6.0 328
100 1.60 3.85 1.06 164 6.4 3.5 6.2 330
125 1.60 4.32 1.19 177 6.5 3.5 6.3 333
140 1.48 4.60 1.27 180 6.5 3.6 6.3 333

Last 6 weeks of Gestation or Last 8 weeks of Lactation b

2f) 100 0.90 2.31 0.64 \03 3.9 3.7 5.2 180
30 125 1.20 3.42 0.94 148 3.9 3.7 6.5 200
40 100 1.48 3.90 1.08 174 4.0 3.8 8.0 230
50 75 1.70 4.20 1.16 191 4.1 3.9 10.3 278
(J) 50 1.80 4.35 1.20 199 4.4 4.1 12.5 333
70 25 1.96 4.37 1.21 206 4.5 4.3 14.6 388

170
 Nlltrimt Recommendations for Beef Cattle, Dazry Cattle, Water Bt1[aloes, Sheep and Goats

Table 58 continued .. .

Body Gain Dry Energy Total Ca P Vito A Vito D

Weight Matter Protein
ME TDN' (1000
Intake
'kg) (kg) (kg) (Meal) (kg) (g) (g) (g) IU) (IU)

First 8 weeks of Lactation C

20 5 0.99 2 .34 0.55 105 9.5 6.9 5 .9 180
30 5 1.35 2.99 0.75 143 9.8 7.1 6.8 200
.l() -10 1.67 3.37 0.93 176 10.4 7.4 8.2 235
50 -20 1.97 3.99 1.10 209 10.9 7.8 10.3 278
60 -30 2.26 4 .57 1.26 239 11.5 8.2 12.5 333
70 -30 2.54 5.13 1.42 267 12.0 8.6 14.6 388

Early Weaned Lamb (S to 30 kg)

"laintenance and Growth
5 50 0.10 0.44 0.12 36 1.8 1.3 0.5 35
100 0 .12 0.50 0.14 45 1.8 1.3 0.5 35
150 0. 13 0.50 0.15 48 1.9 1.3 0.5 35
200 0.15 0.64 0.17 54 1.9 1.3 0.5 35
250 0.16 0.69 0. 19 58 2.0 1.4 0.5 35
300 0.18 0.77 0.21 65 2.0 1.4 0.5 35

\0 50 0. 18 0.73 0.20 61 2.1 1.5 0.85 67

100 0.21 0.84 0.23 70 2.1 1.5 0.85 67
150 0.24 0.96 0.27 80 2.2 1.5 0.85 67
200 0.27 1.07 0.30 90 2.3 1.6 0.85 67
250 0 .30 1.18 0.33 99 2.4 1.7 0.85 67
300 0.32 1.29 0.36 108 2.5 1.7 0.85 67

15 50 0 .26 0.99 0.27 82 2.6 1.8 1.28 98

100 0.30 1.14 0.31 95 2.7 1.8 1.28 98
150 0.34 1.30 0 .36 109 2.7 1.9 1.28 98
200 0.38 1.45 0.40 121 2.8 2.0 1.28 98
250 0.42 1.60 0.44 134 2.9 2.0 1.28 98
300 0.46 1.75 0.48 146 3.0 2.1 1.28 98

100 0.41 1.42 0.39 119 3. 1 2.2 1.70 133

150 0.46 1.61 0.44 135 3.2 2.2 1.70 133
200 0.51 1.80 0.50 150 3.4 2.4 1.70 133
250 0.57 1.99 0.55 166 3.5 2.4 1.70 133
300 0.62 2.18 0.60 182 3.6 2.5 1.70 133

171
Chapter V

Table 58 continued ...

Body Gain Dry Energy Total Ca P Vito A Vito D

Weight Matter Protein
Intake ME TDN' (1000
(kg) (kg) (kg) (Meal) (kg) (g) (g) (g) Il~ (Ill)

25 100 0.47 1.47 0.41 122 4.0 2.8 2.12. 168

150 0.55 1.69 0.47 141 4.0 2.8 2.12 168
200 0.62 1.91 0.53 160 4.1 2.8 2.12 168
250 0.69 2.14 0.59 179 4.2 2.9 2.12 168
300 0.76 2.36 0.65 198 4.3 3.0 2.12 168

30 100 0.64 1.92 0.53 161 4.6 3.2 2.55 200

150 0.73 2.18 0.60 182 4.7 3.2 2.55 200
200 0.81 2.44 0.67 204 4.8 3.3 2.55 200
250 0.90 2.69 0.74 225 4.9 3.3 2.55 200
300 0.98 2.95 0.81 248 5.0 3.3 2.55 200

Rams
Maintenance and Growth
30 120 1.15 2.59 0.72 113 5.9 3.2 3.2 185
40 110 1.43 3.07 0.85 137 6.3 3.5 4.2 222
50 100 1.69 3.48 0.96 159 6.8 3.8 5.2 277
ro 100 1.94 3.99 1.10 181 7.2 4.0 6.3 333
70 80 2.18 4.08 1.13 194 7.5 4.3 7.3 388
80 80 2.41 4.51 1.25 212 7.9 4.4 8.3 444
90 80 2.63 4 .92 1.36 231 8.3 4.7 9.3 499

'TDN was calculated as I kg TDN = 3.62 Meal ME ,

'Maintenance requirements during the last trimester were calculated as 171 % of maintenance .
' Ten percent (10%) has been added to above nutrient val ues for first lamb ewes (20 and 30 kg ewes) to compensate
for body growth .

Note: Calcium , phosphorus, carotene, and vitamin D values have been taken from the NRC (J 975) or the
MAFF (1979), When sheep are grazing open range , add 25 % to the above nutrient requirements; where condition s
are harsh with long distances to water, add 50% to the above requirements ; and when grazing sparsely vegetated
mountainous country, add 75 % to the above requirements. Add 25% to the nutrient requirements for twin bearin_
ewes, An estimated value of 6,7 Meal ME is provided to an animal for each kg of body weight loss (MAFF, 1979).
Add l.25 Meal ME aild 54 g DP, 9g calcium , and 7g phosphorus for each additional kg of milk above one.

172
 Nutrient Recommendations for Bef!! Cattle, Dairy Cattle, Water Bt!lfaloes, SheLp and Goats

Table 59. Daily Nutrient requirements of goats (Kearl, 1982).

Body Gain Dry Energy Total Ca P Vito A Vit. D

Weight Matter Protein
ME TDN
Intake> (1000
(kg) (kg) (kg) (l\fcal) (kg) (g) (g) (g) IU) (I U)

Maintenance, Growth and Early Gestation

5 0 0.19 0.35 0.10 15 0.5 0.4 0.3 50

25 0.22 0.52 0.14 22 0.8 0.6 0.4 78
50 0.21 0.69 0.19 29 1.1 0.9 0.5 105

10 0 0.32 0.58 0.16 25 0.9 0.7 0.4 84

25 0.36 0.75 0.21 32 1.2 0.9 0.5 112
50 0.37 0.92 0.25 39 1.5 1.2 0.6 139
75 0.35 1.09 0.30 46 1.9 1.5 0.8 162

15 0 0.44 0.79 0.22 33 1.2 0.9 0.6 1I4

25 0.45 0.86 0.24 36 1.5 l.l 0.7 142
50 0.50 1.13 0.31 48 1.9 1.4 0.8 169
75 0.50 1.30 0.36 55 2.2 J.7 1.0 192

20 0 0.54 0.98 0.27 41 1.5 1.1 0.7 144

25 0.58 l.l5 0.32 49 1.8 1.3 0.8 172
50 0.60 1.32 0.36 56 2.1 1.6 0.9 199
75 0.62 1.49 0.41 63 2.4 1.9 1.1 232
100 0.62 1.66 0.46 70 2.8 2.1 1.2 254

25 0 0.64 1.16 0.32 49 1.8 1.3 0.8 169

25 0.68 1.33 0.37 56 2.1 1.5 0.9 197
50 0.71 1.50 0.41 63 2.4 1.8 1.0 224
75 0.73 1.67 0.46 71 2.7 2.1 1.2 247
100 0.74 1.84 0.51 78 3.1 2.3 1.3 279
125 0.71 2.03 0.56 86 3.4 2.5 1.4 307

30 0 0.74 1.33 0.37 56 2.1 1.5 0.9 195

25 0.77 1.50 0.41 63 2.4 J.7 \.0 223
50 0.80 1.67 0.46 71 2.7 2.0 1.1 250
75 0.83 1.84 0.51 78 3.1 2.3 1.3 273
100 0.84 2.01 0.56 89 3.4 2.5 1.4 305
125 0.84 2.18 0.60 92 3.7 2.7 1.5 333

173
Chapter V

Table 59 continued ...

Body Gain Dry Energy Total Ca P Vito A Vito D

Weight Matter Protein
ME TDN
Intake (1000
(kg) (kg) 0{g) (1kal) 0(g) (g) (g) (g) IU) (IU)

40 0 0.91 1.65 0.46 70 2.5 1.9 1.2 243

25 0.95 1.82 0.50 77 2.8 2.1 1.3 271
50 0.98 2.00 0.55 85 3.1 2.4 1.4 298
75 1.01 2.17 0.60 92 3.5 2.7 1.6 321
100 1.04 2.34 0.65 99 3.8 2.9 1.7 353
125 1.05 2.51 0.69 106 4.1 3.1 1.8 381

50 0 1.08 1.94 0.54 82 3.0 2.3 1.4 285

50 1.15 2.28 0.63 96 3.6 2.8 1.6 340
100 1.20 2.62 0.72 111 4.3 3.3 1.9 395
125 1.23 2.79 0.77 118 4.6 3.5 2.0 423
150 1.24 2.96 0.82 125 5.0 3.8 2.2 451
175 1.24 3.13 0.86 132 5.3 4.1 2.3 479

(jJ 0 1.24 2.23 0.62 94 3.4 2.6 1.6 327

50 1.3J 2.57 0.71 109 4.0 3.1 1.8 382
100 1.37 2.90 0.80 123 4.7 3.6 2.1 437
125 1.40 3.17 0.88 134 5.0 3.8 2.2 465
150 1.42 3.34 0.92 141 5.4 4.1 2.4 492
175 1.42 3.51 0.97 148 5.7 4.4 2.5 520

70 0 1.40 2.50 0.69 106 3.9 2.9 1.8 369

50 1.46 2.84 0.78 120 4.5 3A 2.0 424
100 1.52 3.18 0.88 135 5.2 3.9 2.3 479
125 1.55 3.35 0.93 142 5.5 4.1 2A 507
150 1.57 3.52 0.97 149 5.9 4A 2.6 534
200 1.59 3.86 1.07 J63 6.2 4.9 2.8 589

80 0 1.57 2.75 0.76 116 4.3 3.2 2.0 408

50 1.58 3.08 0.85 130 4.9 3.7 2.2 463
100 1.67 3.42 0.94 145 5.6 4.2 2.5 518
150 1.70 3.75 1.04 159 6.3 4.7 2.7 573
200 1.78 4.09 1.13 173 6.9 5.2 3.0 628
250 1.80 4A2 1.22 187 7.5 5.7 3.2 683
300 1.72 5.06 lAO 2J4 8.2 6.2 3.5 738

174
 Ntltnent Recommendatiofl.f j&r Beif CattLe, Dairy Cattle, Water Buffaloes, Sheep and Goals

Table 59 continued ...

Body Gain Dry Energy Total Ca P Vito A Vito D

Weight Matter Protein
ME TDN (1000
Intake"
'g) 0<g) (kg) (t\ feal) O~g) (g) (g) (g) IU) (lU)

Last 8 weeks of Gestation and Last 8 weeks of Lactation b

20 100 0.72 2.17 0.60 92 3.0 2.1 1.8 357

25 100 0.85 2.57 0.71 \09 3.0 2.1 1.9 382
30 100 0.98 2.71 0.75 115 4.0 2.8 2.0 408
~5 120 1.10 2.76 0.76 117 4.0 2.8 2.2 433
40 120 1.21 3.05 0.84 129 4.0 2.8 2.3 456
50 120 1.43 3.61 1.00 153 5.0 3.5 2.5 498
(:JJ 120 1.65 4.13 1.14 175 5.0 3.5 2.7 540
70 120 1.85 4.64 1.28 196 6.0 3.5 2.9 582

First 10 weeks of Lactation C

20 -20 1.13 2.74 0.76 116 4.0 2.8 4.5 904
25 -20 \.34 3.02 0.83 128 4.0 2.8 4.6 929
30 -20 1.53 3.29 0.91 139 5.0 3.5 4.7 955
35 -20 1.72 3.54 0.98 150 5.0 3.5 4.9 980
40 -20 1.90 3.79 1.05 160 5.0 3.5 5.0 1003
50 -20 2.25 4. 16 \.]5 176 6.0 4.2 5.2 1045
(:JJ -20 2.58 4.71 1.30 199 6.0 4.2 5.4 1087
70 -20 2.98 5.14 1.42 217 7.0 4.9 5.6 1129

"Dry matter int ake ca lcu la ted as 76.3 g/W ~ :: 5

"Twenty percent was added to the ME requirement for first kiddin g goats (20 to 25 kg weights) and 10% for second
kidding goats (30 kg weight) 10 compen sate for body growth .
C'Jncludes ME requirement for I kg 4% FCM. For additional milk production. use values from Table 60.

175
Chapter V

Table 60. Nutrient constituents of goat's milk at different fat levels: nutrients/
kg milk

Fat Energy Total

Content Protein Ca P Vito A Vito D
ME TDN
~<g) (I\ kal) ~,:g) (g) (g) (g) (10001U) (lU)

2.5 1.20 333 62 2 1.4 3.8 760

3.0 1.21 337 66 2 1.4 3.8 760
3.5 1.23 342 7\ 2 1.4 3.8 760
4.0 1.25 346 75 3 2.1 3.8 760
4.5 1.26 351 79 3 2.1 3.8 760
5.0 1.28 356 84 3 2.1 3.8 760

Source: Kea!"1 (/982). Nutrient requirements 0/ ruminants in developing countries .

176
 NIlIn'ent Recommendations Jor Bee! Cattie, Dm!]1c.tlftie, Wafer Buffaloes, Sheep and Goats

Practical Feeding Guides for Ruminants

Table 61. Suggested feeding guides for commercial dairy cattle.
Age Feed Amount per Day

Birth to 5 days Colostrum 10-12% of body weight (B\'\!)

G days to 4 weeks \,\'11ole milk 10-12% of B\V
Calf sttlrter (NLT 21 %CP) 1.0-1.5% of B\v'
Good quality soilage Small amoun t
:; to 8 weeks \'</hole milk or milk replacer 6-8% of BW
Calf starter 2-2.5% of BW
Good quality soilage Ad libitum
9 weeks - 12 weeks \'-'1101e milk or milk replacer 4% of BW
Calf starter 3% of BW
Good l]uality soilage Ad libitum
G rowing animals Soilage Ad libitum
l.f months to 1 year) Grower herd mix (NLT 18% CP) 1-2 kg
t\ fineral-sal t mixture rree choice
Yearling and breedable heifers Soilage Ad libitum
~1 months onward or until the Dairy concentrate (NLT 16% CP) 1-2 kg
mimal reach the weight of t\.fineral-salt mixture Free choice
':::50 to 300 kg
Two months before calving Soilage Ad libitum
Dairy concentrate (NLT 16% CP) 3-4 kg
j\fineral-saJt mixture Free choice
Lactating cow Soilage Ad ILbitum
Dairy concentrate 1 kg/2 kg milk, if milk
production is more than
10 liters
1kg/ 2.5 kg milk, if milk
production is 7-10 kg/day
lkg/3 kg milk, if milk
production is less than 7
kg / day
t\ flneral -sal t mixture Free choice
J 1\' cow Soilage Ad IL'bitum
Dairv concentrate 1-2 kg
j\ fin~ral-saJ t mixture Free choice
H erd bull Soilage Ad ILbitUln
Dairy concentrate 1-2 kg; add 2 kg after
each service
l\Iineral-salt mixture Free choice
VJurcc ,' Animal alld DailY Sciences Clu~/ ef; College of Ag riculture, UPLB (2010),

177
Chapter V

Table 62. Suggested feeding guides for commercial beef cattle production
Age Feed Amount per Day

Birth to 5 days Colostrum 10-12% of body weight (B\X0

6 days to 3 months Cow's milk 10-12% BW

Creep feed (NLT 20% CP) 1.0-1.3% BW
Soilage/Roughage Ad libitum

3 months to 7 months Soilage/Roughage Ad libitum

Creep feed (NIT 20% CP) 1-2% of BW

Grower/stocker Soilage/Roughage Ad libitum (approx. 2-3%

( up to 025 kg ADG) of B\,:~ Dl\( basis)

i\iineral-salt lick Free choice

Fattener / Feeder Soilage/Roughage 2.5-3% of BW, Dl\[ basis

(200-300 kg B\V) (60-70% of ration)
(0.5- 1.0 kg "IDG)
Concentrate mix, NLT 18% CP,
(30-40% of ration) 0.75 - 15% of BW
Mineral-salt lick Free choice

Pregnant cow Soilage/Roughage Ad libitum

Concentrate mix, NLT 16% CP 0.75 - 1.0% of BW
Mineral-salt lick Free choice

Lactating cow Soilage/Roughage Ad libitum

Concentrate mix, NIT 16% CP 1-2 kg
Mineral-sal t lick Free choice

Dry cow and heIfer Soilage/Rol1ghilg-.: Ad libitum (2-3% of B\XJ;

Di\ [ basis)

Concentrate mix, NLT 18% l'P 1-2% of BW, 2-3 weeks

(for flushing) before breeding
i\ iineral -sal t lick Free choice

Bull Soilage/Roughage A d libifum (2-3% of BW,

.0,\ [ basis)
Concentrate mix, NLT 18% CP 1-2 kg: add 2 kg after
each service
l\iineral-salt lick Free choice

Source: Angeles (2010) . Lec/ure notes on feeding guide for beef production. ADSC.

178
 Nutrient RuommendatiotlS for Beef Cattle, Dairy Cattle, Water BuffallJeJ; Sheep and Goats

Table 63. Suggested feeding guides for buffaloes in commercial dairy production
(PCCARRD, 2004; PCC, 2009).

Age Feed Amount per Day

0-4 days colostrum Ad libitum

5 days to 2nd week whole buffalo milk 8-10% body weight
3'0 week to 4th week whole milk or milk replacer* 8-10% body weight
calf starter (18% CP), 2% body weight
good quality soilage** limited
water Ad libitum
5til week whole milk or milk replacer 7.5% body weight
calf starter (18 % CP) 2% body weight
good quality soilage limited
water Ad libitum
6 th week whole milk or milk replacer 5% body weight
calf starter (18%CP) 2% body weight
good quality soilage limited
water Ad libitum
7 d1 week to 10 tl1 week milk replacer 2.5 % body weight
calf starter (18% CP) 2 % body weight
good quality soilage I in1i ted
water Ad libituJJl
11 til to 12t11 week milk replacer 1% body weight
cal f starter (18% CP) 4% body weight
good quality soilage Ad Ii bituJJl
water Ad libitum
calf starter plus herd mix
(50:50 ratio) I\Iaxin1Um 0 f 2 kg
good quality soilage Ad Libitum
Water Ad Libitum
17 t11 to 24"' week herd mix (16% CP)b I\[axlmum of 2 kg
good quality soilage Ad libitum
water Ad Libitum
2-1- til week to 1 year herd mix (16% CP) 1-2 kg
good quality soilage Ad libitum
water Ad Libitum
Ileifer Good quality soilage 3% of the B\V
\vater Ad libitum
Herd mix (16% CP) 1-2 kg/day
I\ [in e ral lick ' , I< Free choice

179
Chaptr;r [,'

Table 63 continued...
Age Feed Amount per Day

Dry, Pregnant Good quality soilage 2.5-3% of B\,(!

\Xlater Ad libitum
Herd Mix (16-18% CP) 1-2 kg/day
j\ Iinerallick Free choice

Lactating Good quality soilage 3% of B\V

'W"ater Ad libitum
Lactating ration (16-18% cPy 300-400 giL of milk
j\ lineral lick Free choice

Breeding bulls Good quality soilage 2.5-3% of BW

Water Ad libitum
Herd mix (16% CP) 1-2 kg/day
}\ Iinerallick Free choice

* M ix 140-160 g commercial mi Ik replacer to make one liter mixture

*'Soilage is forage cut and fed fresh to the animals
***Mineral lick contains magnesium - 5000 mg. manganese - 200 mg, cobalt - 50 mg.
iodine - ISO mg. zinc - 300 mg, iron - 1,500 mg. copper - 300 mg. selenium - 10 mg
and sodium - 38%

'Calf starter: yellow corn- 30; copra meal - 2(" rice bran D I - 20; soybean oil meal -
20; molasses - 5; Dica1cium phosphate - 2.5; Limestone - 1.5; Salt - 0.5;
mineral premix - 0.25 and vitamin premix - 0.25.
bHerd mix: yellow corn - 10; copra meal -40; rice bran D I - 35; molasses 8; dica1cium
phosphate - 2.5; limestone - 2; urea - I; salt - I; mineral premix - 0.25;
and vitamin premix - 0.25.
'Lactating ration: yellow corn - 15; copra meal -40; rice bran D I - 22.5; soybean oil meal
- 8; molasses 8; dicalcium phosphate - 2.5; limestone - 1.5; urea - I; salt - I;
mineral premix - 0.25; and vitamin premix - 0.25.

180
 Nutrient Recommendations for Beef Ctlttle, Dairy Cattle, Water BuffabJes, Sheep and Goats

Table 64. Suggested feeding guides for goats.

Age Feed Amount per Day

Birth - 3 days Colostrum Ad libitum

(3-5x feeding)

-I- days - 2 weeks \XIhole milk (goat milk) 0.5-1 L/kid

divided into 3x feeding
Vi tamin-mineral Ad libitum
Water Ad libitum

2 weeks - 16 weeks whole milk 0.5-1 L/kid

or milk replacer'!: divided into 3x feeding
Grass-legume hay or Ad libitum
quality fresh forages
Vitamin- mineral mix Ad libitum
Water Ad libitum
Starter (22% CP) Increasing amount
without causing
digestive upset

-I- months to kidding Forages,

vitamin-mineral mix Ad libitum
Water Ad libitum
Concentrate mix (18-20% CP)** Up to 0.5 kg/head

Dry, pregnant, bucks Forages,

vitamin-mineral mix Ad libitum
Water Ad libitum
Concentrate mix (16-18% CP)*** 0.2 - 0.7 kg/head

Lactating Forages,
vitamin-mineral mix Ad libitum
Water Ad libitum
Concentrate mix (16-18% CP)**** 0.3 - 0.5 kg/L
milk produced

*Whole milk can be goat or cow milk . Milk replacer can be used after two weeks.
x"Formula I. Ground com - 12; rice bran - 24; copra meal - 40; soybean oil meal - 8; meat and bone meal -
10; molasses - 5, and salt - I kg.
¥**Formula 2. Copra meal - 50; wheat pollard - 32; molasses -15 ; bone meal - 2;
and salt - I kg.
··"Formula 3. Copra ineal - 40; Com -25; soybea n oil meal - 15; rice brean - 10;
molasses - 8; bone meal - I; and salt - I kg.

Source:PCARR D (2005) . The Philippines recommends for goat production .

181
Chapter L7

REFERENCES

~-\ngeles, A. ~-\.. 2010. Lecture notes on feeding guide for beef production. i-\.nimal
and Dairy Sciences Cluster - Dairy Farm VI.DSC-DF), College of .-\.griculture,
UPLB. Los Banos, Laguna .

•-\.nimal and Dairy Sciences Cluster - Dairy Farm (~-\'DSC-DF). 2010. JuggeJtedfeeding
guidesjor dairy cattle. College of Agriculture, UPLB. Los Banos. Laguna.

Church, D. e. 1991. Lirestock feeds andfeeding. 3 rd ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall p546.

Kearl, L. e. 1982. Nutrient requirements 0/ mminants in det·eloping (OuntJies. International

Feedstuff Institute, Utah ~-\gricultural Experiment Station. Logan, Utah: Utah
State University.

National Research Council. 1988. NutJient requirementsjor daily cattle. eh rev. ed. National
.-\.cademy of Sciences. National.-\.cademy Press. Washington DC, US~-\.. p157.

PCe. 2009. DailY bt!fJalo PJ'Odudion handbook. 2009. Science City of ;\funoz, Nueva
Ejica: Dairy Buffalo Production Handbook Team. Philippine Carabao Center.

PC\RRD. 1981. The Philippines Re.·ommetldsjor daiZy cattle PJ'Odudioll. Los Banos, Laguna:
Philippine Council for _-\.griculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research
and Development. pp22-23.

PC\ RRD. 2004. The Phihppines Recommendr jor carabao PJ'OdlMion. Los Banos, Laguna.
Philippine Council for .\griculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research
and Development (PC\RRD) Technical Bulletin Series No. 24-F:62.

PC-\'RRD. 2005. The Philippines Recommends for goat fmming Los Banos, Laguna: The
2003 Goat Farming Committee. Philippine Council for ~-\.griculture, Forestry
;l11d Nahlral Resources Research and Development (PC-\'RRD). Technicall
Bulletin Series No. 24-F-:\:62.

182
 CHAPTER VI
NUTRIENT RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR AQUATIC ANIMALS (TILAPIA,
MILKFISH, PANGASIUS, AND SHRIMP)

TIlE FOLLO\VING NUTRIENT specifications for tilapia, milkfish and shrimp

,lre based on the long years of experiences of nutritionists involved in the production
of commercial aquatic feeds. The nutrient specifications consider the commonly used
feed ingredients, the production process of aquatic feeds, and the raising methods.

This chapter also summarizes the known nutrient requirements of shrimps from
yarious references. Shrimp growers either import their feed requirements or usc shrimp
feeds produced by companies \'vhich specialize in shrimp production.

In additiol!, this chapter presents the nutrien requirement of pangasius based

on Vietnam standards.

Likewise, mineral and vitamin requirements for warm-water finfish and

shrimps developed by various companies and institutions are presented to provide
\'aluable Feeding guide.
183
Chapter VI

Table 65. Nutrient recommendations for tilapia (fi/apia sp.).

Feed name Fry Starter Grower Finisher

Weight (grams) 0.10-30 30-100 100-250 250 to market

Feed rate (% biomass) 10to 8 8 to 6 6to 4 4to 2

Crude protein (%) 35-42 31-35 28-31 25-28

Amino Acids (% )
Lysine 1.79 - 2.14 1.58-2.14 1.43 - 1.58 1.28 - 1.43
Methionine 0.95-1.13 0.84-0.95 0.76 - 0.95 0.68-0.76
Methionine + Cysteine 1.12 - 1.30 0.99 - 1.12 0.90 -0.99 0.80-0.90
Threonine 1.30 -1.60 1.20 - 1.30 1.10-1.20 0.95 -1.10

Calcium, (% minimum) 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50

Phosphorous, Available
(%minimum) 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60
Crude Fat (% minimum) 7.00 7.00 6.00 6.00
Crude Fiber (% maximum) 5.0 6.0 8.0 9.0
Ash (% maximum) 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0
Linoleic Acid (% minimum) 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.50

184
 Nutrient Recommemiations for Aquati,' A nimals (filopia, MilkflSh and Shrimp)

Table 66. Nutrient recommendations for milkfish (Chanos ,-hanos).

Feed name Fry Starter Grower Finisher

Weight (grams) 0.10-30 30- \00 100-250 250 to market

Feed rate (% biomass) IOto8 8 to 6 6 to4 4 to 2

Crude protein (%) 35-40 31-35 27 - 31 25 -27

.-\.mino Acids (% )
Lysine lAO - 1.60 1.24 - lAO 1.08 - 1.24 1.00 -1.24
Methionine 0.70- 0.80 0.62 - 0.70 0.54-0.62 0.50-0.54
Methionine + Cysteine 0.88-1.00 0.77-0.88 0.68-0.77 0.63 -0.68
Threonine 1.58 - 1.80 1.40 - 1.58 1.21 - lAO 1.\3-1.21

Calcium, (% minimum) 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50

Phosphorous, Available
(% minimum) 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60
Crude Fat (% minimum) 7.00 7.00 6.00 6.00
Crude Fiber (% maximum) 5.0 6.0 8.0 9.0
Ash (% maximum) 16.0 16.0 14.0 14.0
Linoleic Acid (% minimum) 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50

185
ChapterV7

Table 67. Nutrient Recommendations for pangasius. ~

Feed Name Larval Diet Frymash Pre-Starter Starter Grower Finisher

Weight (grams) 0.10- 5 6-20 20-60 60-200 200-500 >500

Crude protein (% minimum) 35 32 28 25 22 22

Amino Acids (%)
Lysine (% minimum) 2.00 1.80 1.50 1.30 1.10 0.90
Methionine (% minimum) 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40

Calcium, (% minimum) 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50

Phosphorous, Available
(%minimum) 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60
Crude Fat (% minimum) 8.00 6.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 4.00
Crude Fiber (% maximum) 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.0
Linoleic Acid (% minimum) 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Ash (% maximum) 16.0 16.0 14.0 14.0 \4.0 14.0

* commonly called tra and basa in Vietnam

Source: Ca!/lsh Aquaculture in Asia: Handbook and Abstracts (2008).

186
 Nlltnellt Rerommmdations for Aquatic Animals (filapia, Mifkjish alld Shrimp)

Table 68. Nutrient recommendations for tiger shrimp (p. m012odon).

Crude Protein: Requirements

(varies by size)% 35 - 50

Protein Levels by size of Shrimp

(as fed basis) %
0- 5.0 grams 45-50
5 - 10 grams 40-45
10 - 20 grams 38-43
20 grams - up 35 - 38

Amino Acids (% of protein)

Arginine 5.3
Histidine 2.1
Isoleucine 3.5
Leucine 4.5
Lysine 5.2
Methionine + Cysteine 5.3
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine 7.0
Threonine 3.5
Tryptophan 0.8
Valine 3.4

Lipid Requirement
Varies by size and environmental condition, % 5.0- 8.0
omega-6 fatty acids 0.50
omega-3 fatty acids 0.30-0.50
Cholesterol (varies by size) % 0.25 -0.50

Crude Fiber % (maximum) 4.0

Ash % (maximum) 16.0

187
ChapterVl

Table 69. Vitamin requirements for warmwater finfish.

Vitamin Unit/ NRC SEAFDEC ASA ADISSEO DSM BASF

kg 1997 1994 1999 2002 2008 2001

Vitamin A IU S,SOO S,SOO S,SOO 8,000-12,000 8,000-11,000 8,000-10,000

VitaminD1 IV 1,000 1,000 2,000 I,OOO-I,SOO I,SOO-2,000 I,SOO-2,000
VitaminE IU SO SO SO 70-120 100-300 180-200
Vitamin~ mg 10 10 10 S- IO S-IO 6-7
Vitamin B, mg 20 20 20 IS-20 10-20 8-12
VitaminB 2 mg 20 20 20 30-40 IS-20 10-20
Vitamin B6 mg 20 20 10 8-12 IS-2S 8-12
Vitamin B)2 mcg 20 40-S0 20-S0 20-30
Pantothenic Acid mg 50 SO SO 30-S0 40-S0 30-40
VitaminC >I< mg 30-100 100 IS0-300 IS0-200 IS0-2S0 ISO-200
Biotin mcg 100 100 1,000 SOO-I,OOO SOO-I ,OOO 600-800
Folic acid mg S S S 2-3 4-7 3-S
Choline mg SSO SSO SSO 600-1,000 600-800
Inositol mg 100 100 100
Niacin mg 100 100 100-IS0 80-120 60-80

• Source of vita min C should be from phosphorylated form .

188
 Nutrient Recommendations for A quatic Animals ([i/opia, MifkJish altd Sh1imp)

Table 70. Vitamin requirements for shrimp.

Vitamin Unit! NRC ADISSEO DSM BASF

kg 1997 2002 2008 2001

Vitamin A IV 5,000 10,000-12,000 12,000-15,000 10,000-12,000

VitaminD 3 IV 1,000 1,500-2,000 2,000-3,500 2,000-3,000
VitaminE mg 200 80-150 150-300 180-250
VitaminK) mg 40 JO-20 40-80 20-40
Vitamin B\ mg 120 60-100 50- 100 50-80
Vitamin B2 mg 60-80 40-80 50-80
VitaminB 6 mg 120 60-100 50-120 50-100
Vitamin B\2 mcg 30-50 20-50 30-40
Pantothenic Acid mg 100 70-100 100-180 100-150
VitaminC* mg 10,000 100-200 250-500 200-250
Biotin mcg 1,000 1,000-1 ,500 1,000-2,000 1,000-1,500
Folic acid mg 5 1-1 .5 10-20 10-20
Choline mg 600 400-600 400-600
Inositol mg 2,000
:--liacin mg 150 150-200 100-250 140-180
Asthaxanthin mg 15-50

" Source of vitamin C should be from phosphory lated form .

189
Chapter VI

Table 71. Mineral requirements for warmwater finfish.

Mineral I Unit/kg National Research Council 1997

Copper mg 5
Iron mg 30
Manganese mg 10
Magnesiwn mg 400
Iodine mg 5
Zinc mg 150
Cobalt mg 0.05
Seleniwn meg

I values indicaled are activities of the mineral.

REFERENCES

"\DISSEO. 2002. N[irTol'it lmhz/ion c~uide.

R-\SF _-\ktiengesellschaft, :'.IK-\jET. 2001. Re"ommendatiomfol' litamin additim to feed.

Catfish _-\quaculture in _-\sia: Handbook and _-\bstracts. 2008. 'Vietnam standard for
compound feed for Tra and Basa.

DS:\L 2008. Vitamin Jupplementation guide!ineJ' Jor domeJ'ti( anima!r. I,-aiseraugst

Switzerland.

National Research Council. 1997. Nuflient n~quil'emellts ofjiYh. National _-\cademy of

Sciences. National .:\cademy Press. \,(Tashington DC, US_\.

190
 CHAPTER VII
COMMON NUTRITIONAL
DEFICIENCES OF LIVESTOCK,
POULTRY, AND AQUATIC ANIMALS

IN GENERAL, a nutritional deficiency may be considered simple or multiple,

in which case the total feed intake may contain an insufficient amount of one or more
of the essential nutrients. Likewise, a given deficiency may be borderline, marked, or
absolute. _-\ borderline deficiency usually results in poor feed efficiency, or slightly
decreased growth and production perform;1nce. "-\11 ;1bsolute deficiency of any
important nutrient can lead to cessation of animal production or growth, and eventually
death. An overt disease usually results from a marked deficiency of one or more
essential nutrients.

The deficiency of a single nutrient may bring about inanition and the
subsequent starvation may cause multiple defiCIencies. Also, a nutritional deficiency
may exist without the appearance of definite signs. In most field conditions, the
deficiency may be only slight or borderline, which makes the diagnosis difficult.

"-\ simple uncomplicated nutrient deficiency in most farm animals as observed

in controlled e.,-xperiments is rarely, if ever, seen in the field. :\[ore likely, a deficiency
of several nutrients contributes to the signs observed. :\fany signs of nutrient
deficiencies are non-specific and often are the result of a low plane of nutrition.

The variability in the nutrient c0mposition of most feed ingredients present

in the animal ration is an important factor leading to nutritional deficiency problems.

191
Chapter T/ lJ

~-\diet, that by feed analysis, appears to contain just enough of one or more nutrients
may actually be deficient to some degree in those nutrients. Stress factors due to
either microbial infections, extreme temperature and humidity and drugs may either
interfere with the absorption of a nutrient or increase the guantity required. i\{oreover,
an anti-nutrient present in the feed may destroy, or render unavailable to the animal,
a particular nutrient that is present in the diet at normally adequate levels. The
interactions of one nutrient with another and with other dietary constituents also
contribute to the development of nutritional deficiencies.

The diagnosis of nutritional deficiencies by observation of signs alone is not

complete. Observing the response to nutritional supplementation is not always evident
particularly for chronic cases of deficiencies. For most nutritional deficiencies, the
signs are not specific. Since many deficiency diseases result in the same clinical signs
(e.g. stunted growth, poor appetite and unthriftiness), a nutritional deficiency problem
could only be confirmed after observance of several of the clinical signs expected,
and a careful review of the dietary, disease and management histories of the animal.

MYCOTOXICOSIS

j\[ycotoxins are a diverse group of metabolic compounds which adversely

affect livability, growth rate, feed conversion, immufle response, egg production and
carcass quality. Animal species, age, intercurrent health and environmental stresses
influence the response to various toxins in feed. Generally, low level of mycotoxicoses
are sometimes difficult to diagnose but should always be considered in cases of chronic
decline in gro'wth rate, immune suppression and overall reduction in prodcution
performance.

The effect of mycotoxin ingestion in animals can either be chronic or acute.

depending on the level and length of exposure to the toxin and the state of animal
health. The mycotoxin levels in the body accumulate as ingestion continues. In chronic
cases, production performance suffers; low \veight gain, poor feed efficiency and high
usage of medication. The disease symptoms are usually seen on the later part only
when the immune system is already affected resulting to vaccination failure. In acute
cases, wherein high levels of mycotoxin are ingested, early onset of disease symptoms
can be seen and high mortality occurs. The mortalities are usually related to either
bacterial or viral diseases, or both. In both chronic and acute cases, production costs
increase and profitability suffers. The quality of animal products (meat, egg, milk)
will also be affected.

192
 Common NHtritionai Deftciences of Lil'estock, Poultry and Aquatic Allimals

Table 72. Physiological functions of vitamins (Ensminger, 1990).

Fat Soluble Vitamins Functions

A • Helps maintain normal vision in dim light and prevents

night blindness.
• Prevents xeropthalmia, an eye condition which may lead
to blindness in extreme vitamin ~-\ deficiency.
• Essential for body growth.
• Necessary for normal bone growth.
• Necessary for normal tooth development.
• Helps keep the epithelial tissues of the skin, and the
lining of the nose , throat, respiratory and digestive
systems, and genitourinary tract, healthy and free of
infection.
• New information suggest that vitamin A (1) acts as
coenzyme in the formation of intermediates in glycoprotein
synthesis; (2) functions like steroid hormones, with a role
in cell nuclei, leading to cell differentiation.
• Other functions (1) thyroxin formation and prevention
of goiter; (2) protein synthesis: (3) synthesis of cortico-
sterone from cholesterol, and the normal synthesis of
glycogen.

D • ~-\ids in assimilation and utilization of calcium and

phosphorus.
• Promotes growth and mineralization of the bones,
including the bones of the uterus.
• Promotes sound teeth.
• Maintains normal level of citrate in the blood.
• Protects against the loss of amino acids through the
kidneys.

• Functions as hormone, as the active compound of

vitamin D (1, 25- (OH)2-DJ

E • ~-\s an antioxidant which (1) retards rancidification of

fats in plant sources and in the digestive tract of animals
and, (2) protects body cells from toxic substances formed
from the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids . •-\s a powerful

193
ChapterVTI
Table 72 continued ...

antioxidant, vitamin E readily oxidizes itself (it combines

with oxygen), thereby minimizing the destruction by
oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid and vitamin .-\ in the
intestinal tract and in th e tissues.
• "-\s an essential factor for the integrity of red blood
cells.
• .-\s an agent essential in cellular respiration, primarily
in the heart and skeletal muscle tissues.
• "-\s a regulator in the synthesis of DNL-\, vitamin C, and
coenzyme Q.
• As a sparer in selenium.

K • Controls blood coagulation; recent research suggests

that it acts in some way to convert precursor proteins to
the active blood clotting factors.
• Essential for the synthesis in the liver of the four blood-
clotting proteins: (1) Factor II, prothrombin; (2) Factor
VII, proconvertin; (3) Factor IX Christmas factor; (4)
Factor X, Stuart-Power.

Water Soluble Vitamins Functions

Thiamin (B 1) • .-\s coenzyme in energy metabolism . _-\s coenzyme in

the conversion of glucose to fats - the process called
transketolation (keto-carrying).
• Normal function of the peripheral nerves.
• Indirect functions in the body include:(l) maintenance
of normal appetite; (2) the tone of the muscles; and (3) a
healthy mental attitude.

Riboflavin (B) • Part of a group of enzymes called flavoproteins.

• Involved in the metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids,
and carbohydrates.
• Activates pyridoxine which is necessary for the formation
of niacin from the amino acid tryptophan.
• Considered to be: a) a component of the retinal pigment
of the eye: b) involved in the functioning of the adrenal
gland; and c) required for the production of corticosteroids
in the adrenal cortex.

194
 Common Nutritional Dejiciences of lil'estock, Poultry alld Aquatic AlIimaLr

Table 72 continued ...

Pyridoxine (B 6) • In protein metabolism, it is involved in the following: a)

transamination, b) decarboxylation, c) deamination, d)
transsulfuration, e) tryptophan conversion to nicotinic
acid, ~ hemoglobin formation, and g) absorption of amino
acids.
• In carbohydrate and fat metabolism, it is involved in: a)
the conversion of glycogen to glucose-6-phosphate, b) the
conversion of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid.
• Therapeutic supplement for a number of clinical
problems, such as: a) anemia that is iron-resistant, b) kidney
stones, c) physiologic demands in pregnancy.

Cyanoco balamin • Red blood cell formation and control of pemicous anemia
(B 12 ) • ~Iaintenance of nerve tissue
• Carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism
• Synthesis or transfer of single carbon units.
• Biosynthesis of methyl groups (-CHJ, and in reduction
reactions such as the conversion of disulfide (S-S) to the
sulfhydryl group (-SH)

Pantothenic Acid .-\s part of coenzyme .-\, it is involved in the following

reactions:
• The metabolic processes by which carbohydrates, fats,
and proteins are broken down and energy is released.
• The formation of acetylcholine (important in transmitting
nerve impulses).
• The synthesis of porphyrin (a precursor of heme -
hemoglobin synthesis).
• The synthesis of cholesterol and other sterols.
• The steroid hormones formed by the adrenal and sex
glands.
• The maintenance of normal blood sugar, and the
formation of antibodies.
• The excretion of sulfonamide drugs .
•-\s part of acyl carrier protein required by the cell in the
biosynthesis of fatty acids .

Nicotinic Acid •-\s part of coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

(N.-\D) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
(N"-\DP) which are involved in the following functions:

195
Chapter VII
Table 72 continued ...
• Important enzyme systems necessary for cell respiration,
and release of energy from carbohydrates, fats, and
protein.
• In biological oxidation - reduction systems by virtue of
their ability to serve as hydrogen-transfer agents.
• In the synthesis of fatty acids, protein and DN~-\.
• Also, niacin is thought to 1) have specific effect in
growth, and 2) reduce the levels of blood cholesterol.

Folic Acid Folacin enzymes are involved in the following:

• The formation of purines and pyrimidines, in turn, are
needed for the synthesis of the nuclei acids DN~-\ and
RN.-\, vital to all cell nuclei (this explains the important
role of folacin in cell division and reproduction).
• The formation of heme, the iron containing protein in
hemoglobin.
• The interconversion of the 3-carbon amino acid serine
from the 2-carbon amino acid glycine.
• The formation of amino acid tyrosine from
phenylalanine and glutamic acid from histidine.
• The formation of amino acid methionine from
homocysteine.
• The synthesis of choline from ethanolamine.
• The conversion of nicotinamide to N -methyl-
nicotinamide (one of the metabolites of niacin that is
excreted in the urine).

Biotin • Required for many reactions In metabolism 0 f

carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
• Functions as coenzyme mainly in decarboxylation-
carboxylation and in deamination.
• Serves as a coenzyme for transferring CO 2 from one
compound to another (for decarboxylation - the removal
of carbon dioxide; and for carboxylation - the addition of
carbon dioxide).
• Serves as a co-enzyme for deamination (removal of -
NH~ reactions that are necessary for the production of
energy from certain amino acids (at least of aspartic acid,
serine, threonine) for amino acids to be used as a source
of energy, they must first be deaminated - the amino acids
must be split off.

196
 Common NutritionaL Dificiences of lit'es/Ock, Poultry attd Aquatic Al1imaLs
Table 72 continued ...
Choline • Prevents fatty livers through the transport and meta-
bolisms of fats. Without choline, fatty deposits build up
inside the liver, blocking its functions and throwing the
whole body into a state of ill health.
• It is needed for nerve transmission. It combines with
acetate to form acetylcholine, a substance which is needed
to jump the gap between nerve cells so that impulses can
be transmitted.
• It serves as a source of labile methyl groups which
facilitate metabolism by a phenomenon known as trans-
methylation.

Ascorbic Acid • Formation and maintenance of collagen, the substance

that binds body cells together (for more rapid and sound
healing of wounds and bums).
• Metabolism of amino acid tyrosine and tryptophan.
• .\bsorption and movement of iron.
• .Metabolism of fats and lipids, and cholesterol control.
• Sound teeth and bones.
• Strong capillary walls and healthy blood vessels.
• Metabolism of folic acid.
• As a general antioxidant.

197
Chapter VII

Table 73. Physiological functions of minerals (Ensminger, 1990) .

.Macrominerals Functions

Calcium The primary functions of calcium is to build the bones

and teeth, and to maintain the bones.Other functions are: .
• Blood clotting. \X/hen calcium is not available, as is the
case when it is tied up with citrate or oxalate, clotting
does not take place. Thus, when an animal is subjected
to surgery or hemorrhaging, a calcium deficiency may
seriously impair healing.
• nluscie con traction and relaxation, especially the
heartbeat. . .-\n increase in blood calcium causes the heart
to beat faster. Conversely, as it decreases, the heart beats
at a slower rate.
• Nerve transmission
• Cell wall permeability
• Enzyme activation
• Secretion of a number of hormones and hormone-
releasing factors
• j\rilk production and egg shell formation

Phosphorus The primary functions of phosphorus are:

• Bone formation and maintenance
• Development of teeth
• Milk secretion
• Building muscle tissue
• Component of nucleic acids (RN.-\ and DN.-\), which
are important in genetic transmission and control of
celullar metabolism
• ~[aintenance of osmotic and acid-base balance .

. \Iso, phosphoru s is important in many metabolic

tunctions, especially -

• Energy utilization
• Phospholipid formation
• Amino acid metabolism; protein formation
• Enzyme systems

198
 Common Nutntionaf Dejiciences of lil'estock, Poultry and Aquatic Animals
Table 73 continued...
Magnesium • Constituent of bones and teeth.
• Essential element of cellular metabolism, often as an
activator of enzymes involved in phosphorylated
compounds and of high-energy phosphate transfer for .illP
and "-\TP.
• Involved in activating certain peptidases in protein
digestion.
• Relaxes nerve impulses, functioning antagonistically to
calcium which is stimulatory.
• Serves as a ruminant alkali·z er and buffer, thereby
improving the butterfat levels and milk production of dairy
cows.

Potassium • Involved in the maintenance of proper acid-base balance

and the transfer of nutrients in and out of individual cells.
• Relaxes the heart muscle - action opposite to that of
calcium, which is stimulatory.
• Required for the secretion of insulin by the pancreas, in
enzyme reactions involving the phosphorylation of
creatine, in carbohydrate metabolism, and in protein
synthesis.

Sulfur • As a component of the sulfur-containing amino acids

methionine, cystine, and cysteine.
• .-\s a component of biotin, sulfur is important in fat
metabolism
• As a component of thiamin and insulin, it is important
in carbohydrate metabolism.
• .-\s a component of coenzyme "-\, it is important in energy
metabolism.
• ~-\s a component of certain complex carbohydrates, it is
important in various connective tissues.
• As a component of insulin and glutathionine, it regulates
energy metabolism.
• .-\s a converter of toxic substances to non-toxic forms,
it rids the body (via excretion) of such toxic substances as
phenols and cresols.
• As a primary component of hair, wool, and feathers.

199
ChapterVlI
Table 73 continued ...
Sodium • Major cation in osmotic pressure and acid-based balance
in body fluids, upon which depends the transfer of
nutrients to the cells and the removal of waste materials
and the maintenance of water balance among the tissues.
• "-\s a constituent of pancreatic juice, bile, sweat, and
tears.
• .Associated with muscle contraction and nerve functions.
• Plays a specific role in the absorption of carbohydrates.

Chlorine • Chloride (Cl) plays a major role in the regulation of

osmotic pressure, water balance, and acid-base balance
(chloride shift) .
• It is required for the production of hydrochloric acid of
the stomach; this acid is necessary for the proper
absorption of vitamin BIZ and iron, for the activation of
the enzyme that breaks down protein, and for suppressing
the growth of microorganisms that enter the stomach with
feed and water.

Micromineral Functions

Chromium • Component of the glucose tolerance factor (GTF),

which enhances the effect of insulin.
• "-\ctivator of certain enzymes, most of which are
involved in the production of energy from carbohydrates,
fats, and proteins.
• Stabilizer of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
• Stimulation of synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol
in the liver.

Cobalt • The only known function of cobalt is that of an integral

part of vitamin BIZ' an essential factor in the formation
of red blood cells.
• When cobalt is given to animals which utilize microbial
fermentation, the element is used for the synthesis of
vitamin BIZ' hence, ruminants do not need supplemental
sources of the vitamin provided cobalt is supplied.
However, most nonruminants and very young ruminants
do not have a need for cobalt,perse, but do require dietary
sources of vitamin BIZ'

200
 Common Nutniional Deficie!lces if U'toestock, Poultry and Aquatic Animals
Table 73 continued ...
Copper • Facilitates the absorption of iron from the intestinal
tract and releases it from storage in the liver and the
reticuloendothelial system.
• Essential for the formation of hemoglobin, although it
is not a part of hemoglobin as such.
• Constituent of several enzyme systems.
• Development and maintenance of the vascular and
skeletal structures (blood vessels, tendons, bones).
• Structure and functioning of the central nervous system.
• Required for normal pigmentation of the hair and wool.
• Component of important copper-containing proteins.
• Reproduction (fertility),

Flourine Constitutes .02 to .05% of the bones and teeth, Necessary

for sound bones and teeth,

Iodine The sole function of iodine is making the iodine-containing

hormones, thyroxin and triiodothyronine, secreted by the
thyroid gland, which regulate the rate of oxidation within
the cells; and in so doing influence growth, the functioning
of the nervous and muscle tissues, circulatory activity, and
the metabolism of all nutrients. When increased amounts
of the thyroid hormones are noted in the blood, the rate
of metabolism increases, thus, increasing the rate of
production (such as milk and eggs). If dietary intake of
nutrients is not sufficient for the increased needs, body
stores of nutrients will be mobilized with the effect of
decreasing body weight. Eventually emaciation and health
problems occur if the dietary defiCiencies are prolonged.
"~so, iodine is sometimes used as an antibacterial agent to
control low-grade infections.

Iron Iron (heme) combines with protein (globin) to make

hemoglobin, the iron-containing compound in red blood
cells; so, iron transports oxygen to all cells and tissues of
the body as part of the hemoglobin molecule. Myoglobin -
a pigmented compound similar to hemoglobin but smaller
in size - is found in muscle. It contains iron which has the
ability to accept oxygen in much the same manner as
hemoglobin. In addition to its major role in the blood
transport of oxygen, iron is also an essential part of a variety

201
Chapter VII
Table 73 continued ...

of enzymes. Some of these include cytochrome oxidase,

catalase, and peroxidase. I t also functions as an enzyme
activator for the enzyme, arginase.

Manganese • Formation of bone and growth of other connective

tissues.
• Blood clotting
• Insulin action
• Cholesterol synthesis
• Activator of various enzymes in the metabolism of
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids, (DNA and
RNA).

Molybdenum • ivlolybdenum functions is a component of three different

enzyme systems which are involved in the metabolism of
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, sulfur-containing amino
acids, nucleic acids (DNA and RN.A), and iron.
• ivlolybdenum is a component of xanthine oxidase, an
enzyme which is essential in the formation of uric acid.
Iron is also an important component of this enzyme.
Excess nitrogen in birds is excreted in the form of uric
acid, which is analagous to urea in mammals. Hence, birds
require considerably more molybdenum than do mammals.
• A growth-pcomoting effect of molybdenum has b'een
observed in growing lambs. Although the basis for this
action is not known, it has been speculated that molyb-
denum has a stimulating effect on cellulose-degrading
microorganisms in the rumen.
• l\Iolybdenum is a component of the enamel of teeth.

Selenium • Component of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, the

metabolic role of which is to protect against oxidation of
polyunsaturated fatty acids and resultant tissue damage.
• Protecting tissues from certain poisonous substances,
such as arsenic, cadmium, and mercury.
• Interrelation with vitamin E (they spare each other) and
with the sulfur-con taining amino acids.

Zinc • Needed for normal skin, bones, hair, and feathers.

• As a component of several different enzyme systems

202
 Common Nutritional Deficiences of lil'estock, POllltry a/ld Aquatic Animals

Table 73 continued ...

which are involved in digestion and respiration .
• Required for the transfer of carbon dioxide in red blood
cells; for proper calcification of bones; for the synthesis
and metabolism of proteins and nucleic acids; for the
development and functioning of reproductive organs; for
wound and bum healing; and for the functioning of insulin.
• Zinc imparts bloom to the hair coat.

203
Chapter 1'71

Table 74. Nutritional deficiencies in poultry!

Vitamins Deficiency symptoms b

\ 'iramin ..-\ Pustules in mucous membranes of esophagus and trachea;

accumulation of exudate in eves and nares; ata.:{ia; visceral
gout; increased cerebrospin'll 'fluid p essurc; slowed growth
and maturation of epiphyseal cartilag ; increased incidence
of blood spots in eggs; decreased sperm motility, sperm counts;
increased incidence of abnormal sperm
Vitamin 1312 Decreased egg size
\ 'ltID1in D Low bone ash content; awkward gait; decreased egg shell
tJ1ickness; increased incidence of soft-shelled eg _
Vitamin E Encephalomacia; exudative diathesis; muscular dystrophy;
decreased fertility (males); erythrocyte fragility; decreased
reticulocyte count; microcytic anemia; gizzard necrosis; and
hock disorder (1)
Vitan1in K Subcutaneous intramuscular and internal hemorrhages; delayed
blood clotting (increased prothrombin time)
Biotin Crusty dermatitis of foot pad, eyes and mouth, perosis; poor
feathering and broken feathers (T)
Choline P erosis
Folic acid Poor, ragged feathering; impaired feather pigmentation in
colored breeds; cervical paralysis (T); depressed blood
hemoglobin; decreased reticulocyte count
Niacin Inflammation of oral cavity and tongue; enlarged hock; bowed
legs (T, D)
Pantothenic acid Dermatitis on ventral surface of feet, eyelids, and mouth;
lymphoid cell necrosis 10 thymus and bursa of Fabricius
Pyridoxine Depressed appetite, hyper-excitability (jerky, convulsive
movements when disturbed); weakness; perosis
Riboflavin Anorexia, curled toe paralysis (toes curled inward); spraddled
legs in severe deficiency; neuromalacia of sciatic and brachial
nerves

Thiamin Anorexia; polyneuritis (episthotonus); paralysis, irregular art

beat
204
 Common Nutritional Defidenm of liz'estock, Poultry a/ld Aquatzt Animals
Table 74 continued ...

Minerals: Deficiency symptoms b

Calcium Rickets (see Vitamin DJ; decreased eggshell thickness;

depletion of medullary bone in laying hens; thinning of cortical
bone; weakness; inability to stand; tetany and death in severe
deficiency

c.:hloride Nervous spasms in response to noise and handling;

dehydration; increased hematocrit

Copper Hypochromic microcytic anemia; impaired feather

pigmentation; decreased elastin content of arteries and
dissecting aneurysms; leg weakness and bone deformity;
increased fragility of bones; thickened epiphyseal cartilage of
long bones

Iodine Thyroid enlargement; delayed hat<ohing time

Iron Hypochromic microcytic anemia; impaired feather

pigmentation

:\Iagnesium ~-\norexia, lethargy; nervous tremors; ataxia; tetanic

convulsions; degenerative decreased eggshell weight and ash
content
:\fanganese Perosis, shortening oflong bones and spinal column; decreased
bone ash, decreased egg shell strength; tetany and death due
to severe deficiency

Phosphorus Rickets; depletion of medullary bone in laying hens; cage layer

fatigue (in conjunction with Ca and other factors)

Potassium \X1eakness; inability to stand; tetanic seizures; reduced bone

ash; decreased eggshell thickness and eggshell weight

Selenium Pancreatic fibrosis; exudative diathesis; muscular dystrophy

Sodium Anorexia; increased hematocrit; softened bones
Zinc Poor feathering; shortening and thickening of long bones;
decreased bone ash; impaired development of epiphyseal
cartilage; enlarged hocks; perosis (1); scaly skin; foot dermatitis;
increased hematocrit
-.-\dapted from Poud, WG. 1995.
' Symptollls pertain primarily to ch.ickens. In turkeys and ducks , symptoms are often but not always similar. 111ese
ulllque to 111rkeys are indicated by (1), to dllcks by (D).

205
 Common N utritional Deficimces 0/ l..tvestock, Poultry and Aquatlc Anzmil/..,

Common Nutritional Deficiencies in Poultry

Chick showing stomatitis attributed to T2 Hyperkeratosis (thickening of the skin) of the planra:
fusariotoxicosis (Lifted from Shane, 1997) surface of the feet associated with pantothenic aci
or biotin deficiency. (Lifted from Shane, 1997)

Fatty liver syndrome. Liver is typically yellow with

extreme infiltration of fat and pinpoint hemorrhages. Cu rled toe paralysis due to riboflaVl
The organ becomes soft and musty (Lifted from deficiency (Lifted from Salbury Manual ofPoul~
Salbury Manual of Puultry Diseases) Diseases)

Perosis. The common sign of deformity ofthe

leg bone due to mangan ese defi ciency (Lifted Localized hemo rrb ages due to VitamI n K
from Salbury Manual of Poultry Diseases) deficIency (Courtesy of BA SF)
 Common Nutritional Defidences of L.il'estock, Poultry and Aquatic Animals

Table 75. Nutritional deficiencies in swine (NRC, 1979).

Signs of nutrient deficiency

Nutrient Clinical Subclinical

Energy Weakness, low body Hypoglycemia; loss of

temperature, loss of subcutaneous fat; elevated
weight, coma and death hematocrit and serum cholesterol;
reduced blood glucose, calcium,
and sodium

Protein: Impaired growth; Kwashiorkor-like signs in baby pigs

_\mino acid un thriftiness; reduced including reduced serum protein
resis tance to bacterial and serum albumin, anemia, gross
infection edema, and increased lipid liver
cone en tration

Fat:Linoleic acid Scaly dermatitis may Small gallbladder; elevated triene/

appear tetranene in tissue lipids

Yitamin A Incoordination; lordosis; Retarded bone growth; increase in

paralysis of rear limbs; cerebrospinal f1uid pressure;
night blindness; degeneration of sciatic and femoral
congenital defects nerves; minimal visual purple;
atrophy of epithelial layers of ••
genital tract

\"itamin D Rickets; osteoporosis; Lack of bone calcification and

low calcium tetany
proliferation of epiphyseal
cartilage; rib and vertebra fracture;
low plasma calcium, magnesium,
and inorganic phosphorus level;
elevated serum alkaline
phosphatase levels

Yitamin E- Edema; sudden death Generalized edema; liver necrosis

selenium (hepatosis dietetica);
microangiopathy; cardiac muscle
degeneration (mulberry heart); pale,
dystrophic muscle

207
Chapter VII
Table 75 continued ...
Signs of nutrient deficiency
Nutrient Clinical
Vitamin K Pale newborn pigs with loss
of blood from umbilical
cord; sudden death following
dicoumarin intake
Thiamin Poor appetite; poor growth;
sudden death
Riboflavin Slow growth; seborrhea;
impaired sow productivity
Niacin Poor appetite; poor growth;
severe diarrhea; dermatitis
Pantothenic acid Poor appetite; poor growth,
diarrhea; unusual gait
(goose-stepping); impaired
sow productivity
Vitamin B6 Poor growth; epileptic
seIzures
Vitamin BIZ Depressed growth; hyper
BIZsensitivity; reduced
sow reproductivity
Choline Slow growth
208
Subclinical
Increased prothrombin time;
increased blood-clotting time,
in temal hemorrhage; anemia due
to blood loss
Cardiac hypetrophy; bradycardia;
first and second degree auriculo-
ventricular block; elevated
plasma pyruvate
Lens cataracts; increased in
neutrophilic leukocytes; birth of
weak pigs with skeletal
abnormalities
Necrotic lesions of intestine
-,
Inflammation of the colon;
degeneration of sciatic and
peripheral nerves; reduced blood
pantothenic acid level; reduced
free pantothenic acid level in
Microcytic hypochromic anem"
elevated serum iron; fatty
infiltration of liver; elevated
urinary xan thurenic acid; elevat
gamma globulin-like blood
protein fraction
Reduced serum and tissue levels
Fatty infiltration of liver; reduceo
conception rate
 Common Nutritional Deficiences of Lil'cstock, Poultry alld Aquatic Allimals

Table 75 continued ...

Signs of nutrient deficiency
Nutrient Clinical Subclinical

Biotin Dermatosis; spasticity of Reduced urinary biotin excretion

hind legs

Folacin Poor growth; weakness Normocytic anemia

Calcium Rickets; osteomalacia; low- Lack of bone calcification, bones

calcium tetany easily fractured; low plasma
calcium level; ele\Tated serum
inorganic phosphorus and
alkaline phosphate

Phosphorus Poor growth; rickets; Lack of bone calcification; bones

osteomalacia easily fractures; low serum
inorganic phosphorus level;
elevated serum calcium and
alkaline phosphate; enlarged
costochondral junction (beading)

.\Iagnesium Poor growth; stepping Low serum magnesium and

syndrome; weakened calcium; reduced bone
carpometacarpophalangeal magnesium
and tarsometatarso-
phalangeal joints; tetany

Potassium .\norexia; rough hair coat; Reduced heart rate; increased PR,
emaciation; atlL-xia QRS, and QT intervals on
electrocardiogram; reduced serum
potassium

Sodium Poor appetite; low wa ter Negative sodium balance;

consumption; unthriftiness elevated serum potassium;
elevated plasma urea nitrogen;
reduced chlorine retention
Chloride Poor growth Reduced plasma chlorine;
reduced sodium and potassium
retention

209
ChapterVTI
Table 75 continued ...
Signs of nutrient deficiency
Nutrient Clinical
Iron Poor growth; rough hair
coat; pallor; anoxia
Copper· Leg weakness, ataxia
Zinc Poor growth; poor appetite;
parakeratosis
Iodine Goiter; myxedema; sows
farrow weak hairless pigs
;\langanese Lameness in growing pigs,
increased fat deposition in
pregnant gilts with birth of
weak pigs with poor sense
of balance
Water Poor appetite, dehydration,
loss of body weight,
possible salt poisoning,
death dehydration
210
Subclinical
Hypochromic microcytic anemia;
enlarged heart and spleen;
enlarged fatty liver; ascites;
clumping of erythroblastic cells in
bone marrow; reduced serum iron
and percent transferrin saturation
.i\[icrocytic hypochromic anemia;
reduced serum copper and
ceruloplasmin; aortic rupture;
cardiac hypertrophy
Reduced serum, tissue, and milk
zinc; reduced serum albumin-
globulin ratio; reduced serum
alkaline phosphatase; reduced
thymus weight, retarded -testicular
development; impaired
reproductivity of sows
Enlarged hemorrhagic thyroid;
hyperplasia of follicular
epithelium of thyroid; reduced
plasma protein-bound iodine
Replacement of cancellous bone
with fibrous tissue; early closure
of distal epiphyseal plate; low
serum manganese and alkaline
phosphatase; negative mangane -e
balance
Elevated hematocrit; elevated
plasma electrolytes; loss of
temperature regulation
Chapter VII

Common Nutritional Deficiencies in Swine

"Spradled leg" par alysis in riboflavin deficiency

(Slide Series Catalogue-Roche Switzerland)

\ Ita min A deficiency. Note the abnormally

small eye of the piglet. (Lifted from ITCPH
Manual 2000)

Still birth in chronic Vitamin A deficiency in sow

( lide Series Catalogue-Roche Switzerland)

P arakeratosis. A 14 kg. weaner with typical

lesions of parakeratosis due to zinc deficiency.
There is little or no skin irritation. (Lifted from
ITCPH Manual)

Pantothenic Acid
Deficiency. Note the
"goose stepping"
gait
Foot lesions in biotin deficiency (Slide
Series Catalogue-Roche Switzerland)
Chapter VII

Table 76. Nutritional deficiencies in ruminants.

Nutrient Deficiency symptoms

Calcium Hypocalcemia (milk fever, post-parturient paresis); rickets; osteomalacia

Phosphorus Rickets in young animals; poor appetite; stiff walk; stunted growth;
emaciation; abnormal eating behavior or pica

Potassium Reduced daily dry matter intake; muscular weakness; sti ffness in the hind
legs; pica; anorexia; coma; and possibly death

Sodium Loss of appetite; muscular weakness; and edema

and chloride

l\Iagnesium Hypomagnesemia (grass staggers, grass tetany) anorexia; hyperemia;

excitability; calcification of soft tissues

Sulfur Reduced feed intake; slow growth; and decreased milk production

Cobalt Loss of appetite; retarded gro,vth; decreased milk production; emaciation;

rough hair coat; anemia; muscular incoordination; stumbling; and death

Copper Enlarged fetlock; rapid weight loss; hair and pigment loss; bone fragility;
anemia; poor groVlth; reproductive disorders ,md staggering gait

Iron Anemia

Iodine Enlarged thyroid gland; low body metabolism

Manganese Impaired growth; skeletal abnormalities; low fertility and frequent abortion

Selenium White muscle disease (muscular dystrophy)

Zinc Swollen feet; listlessness; scaly skin lesions; alopecia and other parakeratotic
lesions

Vitamin A Night blindness or xerophthalmia, coarse hair coat, pregnant animals may
a~ort or fetus is born dead, weak, or blind; infertility in breeding animals

VitaminD Rickets in young animals; swelling of the leg joints and arching of the back

VitaminE W'hite muscles disease in young calves and lambs

Source: KearJ (J 982). Nutrient requirements 0/ ruminants in developing countries.

212
 Common N utritional Dificie1lces 0/ livestock, Poultry and Aquatic Animals

Common Nutritional Deficiencies in Ruminants

Nervous acetonaemia or ketosis associated

with energy deficiency in early lactation of cows.
(Adopted from Blowery and Weaver, 1991)

"Grass Staggers or grass tetany"

due to magnesium deficiency. (Adopted
from Blowery and Weaver, 1991)

Unthrifty appearance and stifTwalk in

phosphorous-deficient cattle. (Adopted
"
from BloweI)' and Weaver, 1991)

Milk fever" or'''post partu rient" paresis

due to calcium deficiency in older cows
immediately pre or post calving. (Adopted
from BloweI)' and Weaver, 1991)
ChapterVTI

Table 77. Vitamin and mineral deficiency signs in channel catfish, common
carp and nile tilapia (Akiyama, 1999).

Nutrient Principal vitamin deficiency signs

Vitamin A Exophthalmus (popeye); Hemorrhagic eyes; Eye lens displacement;

Other vision problems; Light skin color; Twisted opercula; Hemorrhages
in fins, skin and kidney; ~\bdorrul1al fluid; Excess tissue fluid

Vitamin D3 Low bone ash, calcium and phosphorus

Vitamin E Lack of sexual coloration (tilapia); Light ski n color; Reduced

reproductive activity; Muscular dystrophy; Pop eye; Kidney and
pa.ncreas degeneration; Ceroids in viscera and kidney; Fatty liver; Fluid
accumulation beneath skin in abdomen

Vitamin K Skin hemorrhages; Reduced blood coagulation; ~\nerrUa

Thiamin (B I ) Disequilibrium; Lethargic; Poor appetite; Dark coloration (catfish) or

light coloration (carp); Subcutaneous hemorrhage; Hypersensitivity
(nervous disorder); Convulsions; Fin congestion

Riboflavin (B 2) Cataract (opaque eye lens); Light sensitivity; short, stubby body;
Anemia; Skin and fm hemorrhages; Dark coloration; Poo r appetite

Pyridoxine (B6) Er ratic swimrrUng; Nervous disorders; Convulsions; Muscular spasms

when stressed; Gyrations; Tetany; Lethargy; Rapid breathing; Flexing
of opercles; Iridescent black coloration

Pantothenic acid Clubbed, fused gill lamellae and filaments; Eroded gill membranes,
lower jaw fins and barbells; r.lummy textured skin; Popeye; ~\nemia;
Lethargy; Flabby body tissues

Folic acid Emaciated; Lethargic; Anerrua; D ark coloration; Reduced immunity;

Weak caudal fin

Vitamin BI 2 Anerrua; Poor appetite

Ascorbic acid Light or dark skin color; Defo rmed (curbed) spine; Distorted support
cartilage of the eyes, gills and fins; Other skeletal deformities;
-Increased susceptibility to disease (especially bacteriaJ); Slow wound
healing; Hemorrhagic skin, liver, kidney, intestine and muscle

Biotin Light skin color; Increased skin mucous; Degenerated gill lamellae;
Anemia; E nlarged, pale liver; Lesions in colon; Nervous disorders
(noise and movement sensitivity); Loss of appetite
214
 Common Nutritional Deftciences oj ut'eStock, POllltry and Aquatic Animals

Table 77 continued ...

Nutrient Deficiency symptoms

Choline Enlarged fatty liver; Hemorrhagic areas in kidney and intestine;

Poor feed efficiency

Inositol .-\nemia; Slow rate of gut emptying; Distended stomach; Fin

erosion

Niacin Light sensitivity, Tetany (stress induced); Reduced coordination;

Lethargy, skin and fin lesions and hemorrhages; Deformed jaws,
Popeye, anemia; Loss of appetite

Phosphorus Poor growth and bone mineralization; .-\bnormal spine;

.-\bnormal calcification of ribs and pectoral fine rays; Deformed
head; Increased carcass fat and fatty liver.

Magnesium Poor growth; Emaciated; Lethargy; Flaccid (degenerated)

muscles; High mortality.

Iron •-\nemia.

Copper Improper collagen and bone development.

Iodine Goiter.

Zinc Depressed growth and appetite; Erosion of the skin and fins;
cataracts.

l\1anganese Depressed growth; Abnormal caudal fin.

Selenium Depressed growth; Muscular dystrophy.

Sodium, None yet produced.

potassium,and
chlorine

215
 Chapter VII

Common Nutritional Deficiencies in Aqua

Lordosis in rainbow trout due to Vitamin C Cellular membrane erosion in Vitamin E deficient
deficiency fish

Vitamin A deficiency in trouts Black death-Vitamin C deficiency in shrimp

Scoliosis of Vitamin C deficient fish Scoliosis or curvature of the spine in Vitamin C

deficient rainbow trout

Courtesy ofDr. Brtan Hunter, Roche Aquacultural Centerfor Asia Pacific and Rovithai Ltd.
 Table 78. Effects of major mycotoxins in li\'t'stock and poultry.

Toxins Occurrence Broilers Laying hens Swine Cattle

Aflatoxin Peanut, com, Growth suppression Same as broilers, Growth suppression Growth suppression
soya, cassava, Decreased weight gain plus decreased egg Decreased weight gain Anorexia
wheat, rye, oats, Liver damage production Shivering & tremors Liver damage
sorghum, rice, Leg problems Reduced hatchability Liver damage Decreased milk
millet Bruising Hemorrhage production
Immunosuppression Bloody feces AflatoxinM-1 inmilk
Immunosuppression Immunosuppression

T-2 toxin Com, wheat, Decreased feed consumption Same as broilers, plus Decreased feed Decreased feed
barley, rye, oat, Growth suppression Decreased egg consumption consumption
production \)
sorghum, rice Beak lesions Oral lesions Oral lesions
Diarrhea Decreased hatchability
Thinner eggshell
Diarrhea Loose bloody feces ~
;,;
Poor and ruffled Infertility (sows) Decreased milk
feathering Immunosuppression production Z
~
Immunosuppression ~
",.

N
<s .
;,.
....100
Com, wheat, Tibial Same as broilers, plus Decreased feed Decreased feed ;:,..
....... Deoxy- Decreased egg
nivalenol barley, rye, oat, Dyschondroplasia consumption consumption tJ
(DON) sorghum, rice production Vomiting ~
Breeding problems Fewer piglets ~.
Lower Iitter weight ..,
;;:
Hemorrhage ~
£;:
Zearalenone Com, wheat, Except at extremely Swollen vulva Swollen genitals ..,'"
~
barley, rye, oat, high levels of Splaylegged offspring Infertility
~
sorghum, rice contamination, pOUltry Infertility (sows)
do not appear to be Fewer piglets/litter ~
significantly affected Lower litter weight Q
'"
;:;:.
Hemorrhage §
~

Ochratoxin Barley, oat, rye, Enlarged and pale kidneys Same as broilers, plus Kidney lesions Depression J:,.
and citrinin wheat, corn, rice Growth suppression Decreased egg Decreased feed Decreased weight "''"~."
soya, sorghum Decreased feed intake production conversion gain '"
Decreased feed conversion Decreased Decreased growth rate Dehydration ::t:..
;:"
Decreased bone strength hatchability Immunosuppression Immunosuppression
Immunosuppression ~
Source .· Siockii (/994) . American Soybean Association Technical Bulletin .
 Table 79. Risk levels of mycotoxins. Q
~
Mycotoxin Low Mediwn High ~
8-Trichothecenes (DON, AcDON, NIV, FusX) (ppb) S
......
Pig (sow, boar) <200 200-900 >900
Pig (piglet) < 150 150-200 >200
Pig (grower, finisher) <2 50 250-1000 >1 000
Poultry (layer, broiler) <300 300-1000 > 1000
Poutry (duck, turkey, breeder) <200 200-800 >800
Cattle (call) . <300 300-1000 >1000
Cattle (dairy cow) <1 000 1000-2000 >2000
Cattle (beef) <1000 1000-2000 >2000
Horse <250 250-1000 > 1000
A- Trichothecenes (T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, DAS) (ppb)
Pig (sow, boar) <100 100-400 >400
Pig (piglet) <100 100-300 >300
Pig (grower, finisher) < 150 150-400 >400
Poultry (breeder, layer, duck, turkey) <50 50-300 >300
Poultry (broiler) <100 100-400 >400
Cattle (ca lf) <100 100- 800 >800
Cattle (dairy cow) < 100 100-800 >800
Cattle (beef) <200 200-800 >800
IV Zearalenone (ppb)
-10. Pig (sow, piglet) <50 50-250 >250
CO Pig (grower, finisher) < 100 100-250 >250
Poultry (breeder) <50 50-200 >200
Poultry (broiler) < 100 100 -400 >400
Poultry (layer, turkey. duck) <75 75 -250 >250
Cattle (calf) < 100 100-250 >250
Cattle (dairy cows) < 100 100-200 >200
Cattle (beef cattle) <2 00 200-300 >300
Horse < 100 100-300 >300
Ochratoxin A (ppb)
Pig (sow, piglet) <50 50-400 >400
Pig (finisher) <80 80-500 >500
Poultry (broiler) <25 25-200 >2 00
Poultry ( layer, breeder, duck , turkey) < 10 10-150 > 150
Cattle (calf) <80 80 . 500 >500
Cattle (dairy cow) < 100 100-300 >300
Cattle (beef) <200 200-500 >500
Fumonisin (ppb)
Pig (sow, piglet) <1500 1500-4000 >4000
Pig (finisher) <2000 2000-5000 >5000
Poultry (breeder, turkey, duck) <750 750-1500 > 1500
Poultry (layer, broiler) < 1000 1000-2000 >2000
Cattle (calf, dairy cow) < 1000 1000-3000 >3000
Cattle (beef) <2 000 2000-5000 >5000
Horse <2000 2000-5000 >5000
 Table 79 continlled ...
Aflatoxin B, (ppb)
Pig (sow, pigl et, grower, finisher) <20 20-100 > 100
Poultry (breeder, duck, turkey) <20 20-200 >200
Poultry (broiler, layer s) 50 '50 -300 >300
Cattle (calf, dairy cow) <5 5-20 >20
Cattle (beef cattle) <50 50-100 >100
Horse <10 10-20 >20
Ergot Alkaloids (ppb)
Pig (sow, piglet) <200 200-900 >900
Pig (grower, finisher) <800 800-5000 >5000
Poultry (layer, broiler) < 1000 1000-4000 >4000
Poultry (breeder , duck, turkey) <500 500-2000 >2000
Cattle (calf, dairy cow, beef cattle) <100 100-400 >400
Horse < 100 100-300 >300
Sheep <300 300-800 >800
Aflatoxin B, (ppb)
Trout <5 5-20 >20
Pangasi U$ <20 20-50 >50
Tilapia <20 20-50 >50
Shrim p <20 20-50 >50
Cha nnel catfish <50 50-500 >500
European Seabass <5 5-20 >20
IV Other Aqua species <20 20-50 >50
....110 Ochratoxin A (ppb)
c.o Catfish < ]00 100-500 >500
European Sea bass <20 20-100 >100
T-2 toxin (ppb)
Catfish 600 >600
Shrimp 100
Deoxvnivalenol (ppb)
T~out < 100 100-500 >500
Shrimp 200 >200
Fumonisins (ppb)
Carp 50 >50
Zearalenone (ppb)
Shrimp 100 >100

Note/Disclaimer:

The levels presented should he considered as a rough recommendation, The in/ormation provided was p roduced with basis on field experience, ill vivo trials and
scientific literature on the impact of mycotoxins in animal health and animal performance. It does not have any relation with worldwide legislation and/or
recommendations. None of the presented levels or information shall be cOlISidered to be any kind of piece of advice. Such an advice can only he given by competent
consultants on a case 10 case basis. The negative impact of mycotoxin~ depends not on(v on the level and ,-~pe of mycotoxin conlamination but also on the general
heallh status of the animal and environmental conditions. All levels of mycotoxins should be considered as unsafe and increased levels carry increased risks 10
animal health . Low levels 0/ mycotoxin ingestion can have a detrimental effect on the immune system and this is a hindrance for optimum perj'ormance.
Source: Biomin Holding GmBH (2010J-Myco toxin contamination levels and Mycofix@ dosage recomm endations.
ChapterV71

REFERENCES

"-\kiyama, 0. ~L 1999. Feeding and management of warm water fish in high density
culture. Ame1ican Sqybean ASJ'ociation Te.hnical Bulletin. ~-\Q 46:16.

Blowey, R.W and ,-\..0. Weaver. 1991. A color atlas of diseases and disorders of wttle.
London: Wolf Publishing Limited.

Ensminger, ~LE., J.E. Oldfield and WW Heinemann. 1990. Feeds and Nutlition. 2nd ed.
The Ensminger Publishing Co., Clovis California, US.-\. p1524.

Kearl, L.C 1982. Nutlient requil'ements of ruminants in dere/oping countn"es. International

Feedstuff Institute. UT-\H "-\gricultural Experiment Station, Logan, Utah:
UT~-\H State University.

ivlerk. 1991. The M en'k l'eteJinaJY manual. 71h ed . Cj\I. Fraser (Ed) Rahway, NY,
US.-\:1Ierck & Co., Inc.

National Research Council, 1979. Nt/tlient requirements of JJ1~ine" No.2. National

"-\cademy of Sciences. National "-\cademy Press. \'('ashington DC, US_-\.

Pond, WG., nc Church and K.R. Pond. 1995. Basic animal nutrition and feeding. 4d\ ed.
New York, USA John Wiley & Sons. p449.

Scott, ;\I.L, J\LC Neshiem and R.S. Young. 1982. Nutrition of the .·hicken. 3cd ed.
Ithaca New York:Scott and .-\.ssociates.

Stockli, nT. 1994. Control and management of molds and mycotoxins in feed
ingredien ts. Amelican S qybean Association Te."hm{,'(11 Bulletin. 17: 1-10.

220
 CHAPTER VIII
FEED FORMULATION

R.-\TIOK FOR..\lUL-\TION IS a process of combining different feed ingredients

in a proportion that provides the ,mimals with th e right amount of nutrients needed at
:J particular stage of production. It requires the knowledge about the nutnents,
feedstuffs and animal to be able to develop nutritionally adequate rations, eaten in
sufficient amounts, at certain level of productjon, and at the most reasonable cost.
Rations should be palatable and not cause any serious digestive disturbance o r toxic
effects to the animals.

Different species, strains or classes of animals require varying amounts of energy

(carbohydrates and fats), proteins, amino acids, minerals and vitamins to maintain Its
various functions like maintenance, reproduction, egg production, lactation and/or
growth.

This chapter presents the ration formulation for both non-rummants (swine,
poultry) and ruminants (cattle, carabao, sheep, goat). For non-ruminants, least cost
ration is derived using linear programming (co mputer-based). On the other hand, a
detailed procedure is presented for formulating beef and dairy cattle rations. The
approach ma.'l:imizes the use of roughage and prescribes concentrate only to meet the
221
Cbapter VIll

nutrient requirement of the animals. Remember that rations for ruminants are
formulated on dry matter basis because of the wide variations in moisture content of
feeds especial\y roughage.

In addition, this chapter discusses the important concerns on formulating vitamins

and/ or mineral premL'{. In nutrition, premL,{ refers to a small amount out of a total
mL'{ture. ;\vailable commercial premL'{es are made of vitamins and/or trace mineral::
with an option of additional drugs or medicines for the animals. Oftentimes, the
amount of additional material is very small or a few grams per ton of finished feed.
Since this is difficult to mL,{ uniformly in to large batches of feeds, vitamin and/or
mineral premiX formulations were developed and commercialized.

IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS IN FEED FORMULATION

Ration or feed formulation is not merely a mathematical calculation to meet the

requirement of the animals because result of t.he calculation may turn out to be-
impractical and not ideal for feeding animals. ;\n experienced animal nutritionist.
therefore, needs to evaluate the ration before feeding it. Consider the following factor:;
in making good feed formulation:

1. Acceptability to the animal. Formulate a ration that is palatable enough to

stimulate intake by the animal. Feed refused by the animal is worthless becaus
feed has to be consumed and utili zed to serve its purpose. Feeds left in the trough
for a long time may spoil and become unfit for the animal.

2. Digestibility. Nutrients in the feed must be digested and released into the gastro-
intestinal tract to be utilized by the animal. Poultry and swine cannot tolerate higi:
fiber rations.

3. Cost. Meeting the animal requirement commonly entails several combinatiom

of feed ingredients. J-\ccounting the cost of these ingredients, however, only one-
least-cost formulation remains. This ration should ensure to meet the animai
requirements and achieve the desired objectives.

4. Presence of anti-nutritional factors and toxins. When anti-nutritional factor~

Oike anti-tqfpsin factor in soybean meal) are present in the feeds, the digestion of
some nutrients is affected and made them unavailable to the animal. Other feed
ingredients may also contain toxic substances, which may be detrimental when
ingested in excessive amounts. In such cases, limit or eliminate these feed ingredient~
from the formulation.

222
 Feed Formulation

.\ nutritionist should also consider other important factors in feed formulation

are such as texture, moisture and the feed processing.

METHODS OF FORMULATING RATIONS

There are different methods in formulating rations. However, all of them have
the same objectives of providing the required balanced nutrients at the least possible
cost. The succeeding discussions and problems illustrate the steps involved in each
method '

Trial-and-error method

This is the most popular method of formulating rations for swine and poultry..\5
the name implies, the formulation is manipulated until the nutrient requirements of
the animal are met. It is time consuming, but, it is more flexible in using several
feedstuffs and making all possible formulations in a ration that meet the animal
requiremen ts.

1. Decide on what nutrients to consider in the formulation. Protein, energy,

calcium and phosphorus are commonly given importance.

2, Determine the nutrient requirements of the animals.

3. Determine the nutrient composition of available feed ingredients to be used

in the formulation.

4. 1\Iake an arbitrary ration using selected feed combination. For easy

computations, the feed combination should sum up to 100 or 1000 kg.

5. Compute for the nutrients contributed by each of the feed ingredients, by

multiplying the amount of feed ingredient with the amount of nutrient prtsent in
one kilogram of the same feed ingredient.

6. Make necessary adjustments in the amount of different feed ingredients until

the nutrient requirements of the animals are met.

223
Chapter VIII

Example: "-\ farmer wishes to mix a fattener ration (14% CP and 3,100 kcal ME/
kg) using yellow com, rice bran Dl, fish meal, salt and vitamin-mineral premix. How
much of each feed ingredient should be used to satisfy the requirements of the animals?

The crude protein of the arbitrary ration, based on the Feed Composition Table
in Chapter 2, is as follows:

Parts/l00 CP, kg Total CP ME,kcal/kg Total ]\fE

Yellow com 60.5 .078 4.72 3350 2026.75

Rice bran Dl 34.0 .124 4.22 3000 1020.00
Fish meal, Peruvian 5.0 .640 3.20 2350 117.50
Salt 0.3
Vit/Min premix 0.2
100.0 12.14 3164.25

The arbitrary ration satisfies the desired level of energy but is deficient in crude
protein. To adjust the CP:

a . Select two feed ingredients which should be adjusted. In this case, fish meal
and corn.
b. Determine the difference between the calculated and desired level of CP:
14.0 (desired) - 12.14 (calculated) = 1.86
c. Determine the difference in the protein content of fish meal and corn: 0.64
(fish meal) - .078 (corn) = 0.562
d. Divide the difference obtained in (b) by the difference of (c). 1.86 /0.562 =
3.31.

Subtract 3.31 from the amount of corn and add the same value to the amount of
fish meal. The final amount is as follows:

Yellow corn (60.5 - 3.31) 57.19 4.46 1915.87

Rice bran Dl 34.00 4.22 1020.00
Fish meal (5.0 + 3.31) 8.31 5.32 195.29
Salt 0.30
Vit-min prem!x 0.20
100.00 3131.16

Compute and adjust other nutrients such as calcium, phosphorus and amino acid -
using the same steps.

224
 Feed Formulation

Simultaneous equation (X and Y)

This method is used when a definite amount of two feed nutrients from two feed
sources are desired.
Example: The farmer wishes to formulate a ration using corn and soybean meal
for growing pigs with a daily requirement of 359 gm protein and 6820 kcal IvlE.

1. Let X = amoun t of corn

yo::: amount of soybean meal

2. Equation: (a) .078 X + .472 Y = .359

(b) 3350 X + 2950 Y = 6820

3. Get the Least Common Denominator: 2950/.472 = 6250

4. r.Iultiply equation (a) by 6250.

(.078X + .472 1')6250 = .359 x 6250

487.5 X + 2950Y = 2243.75
5. Solve for X (corn) by subtracting equation (b) from the value of (a) obtained
from step 4.
(a) 487.5X + 2950Y = 2243.75
(b) 3350X + 2950Y = 6820
-2862.5X = - 4576.25
X = 1.60 kg corn
6. Substitute X in equation (a) to solve for Y.
(a) .078(1.60) + .472Y = .359
Y = 0.50 kg soybean meal
Daily ration of growing pig:;:
1.60 kg or 76.19% corn
0.50 kg or 23.81 % soybean meal

Pearson Square. method

This is relatively simple and easy to follow. However, it has a number of limitations.
One, it satisfies only one nutrient requirement and uses only two feed ingredients.
Second, the level of nutrient being computed should be intermediate between the

225
Chapter VJJJ

nutrient concentration of the two feed groups being used. In this method, only the
calculation of the protein content of the ration is emphasized.

A. Only two feed ingredients are involved

Example: The same farmer wishes to mix a ration containing 14% CP. He decided
to use corn and fish meal only. How much of each of the two feed ingredients should
be used?

1. Draw a square.
2. Insert the desired CP (14) in the middle of the square.
3. Place the CP content of corn (7.80%) in the upper left corner and fish meal
(64.00%) on the lower left corner of the square.
4. Subtract diagonally the %CP in corn from the desired %CP (14.00 - 7.80 =
6.20) and place the difference on the lower right corner of the square.
5. Subtract diagonally the desired %CP from the CP of fish meal (64.00 - 14.00
= 50.00) and place the difference in the upper right corner of the square .
6. Calculate the percentage proportion of each part from the total (6.20 + 50.00
= 56.20) .

Com 7.80 50.00 50.00

\ I 56.20
x 100 = 88.97%
14

Fish meal 64.00

I \ 6.20 6.20
xl00 = 11.03%
56.20 56.20

B. Three or more feed ingredients are involved

Example: The same farmer decided to formulate a fattener ration using a mixture
of com-rice bran and fish meal.

1. Separate the feeds into 2 groups, namely: energy feeds (corn and rice bran) and
protein feed (fish meal) .
2. Decide on the proportion or ratio of com and rice bran, example 2:1
226
 Feed Formulation

3. Compute for the %CP content of the mixture (com: 7.8 x 2 = 15.6; rice bran:
12.4 x 1 = 12.4; 15.6 + 12.4 = 28; 28/3 = 9.33).
4. Proceed by following steps 1 to 6 of .-\.

Com-rice bran mL,{ 9.33,:-_ _ _--=-,50.00 50.00

- - - xl00 = 91.46
\ I 54 .67
14.00

I '\
Fish meal 64.00 4.67 4.67
- - - x 100 = 8.54
54.67 54.67
,-\mount of each feed ingredient will be as follows:
Com (91.46/3 = 30.49)
30.49 x 2 = 60.97%
Rice bran = 30.49%
Fish meal = 8.54%
C. Fixed percentage of one or more ration component

Example: The farmer wishes to include 20% rice bran and 3% for the micro-
ingredients in the fattener ration. How much com and fish meal be used in the ration?
S.rep.s.;
1. Determine the total amount of ingredients with fixed percentages.

Rice bran - 20%

Micro-ingredients = 3
23%
2. Subtract the amount from 100.
100 - 23 = 77
3. Determine the CP content of rice bran.
20 x 0.124 = 2.48
4. Subtract the %CP (rice bran) from the desired level.
14.00 - 2.48 = 11.52
5. Calculate what %CP is needed in corn and fish meal combination to provide
11.52%CP.
(11.52/77) x 100 = 14.96
6. Calculate the amount of corn and ftshmeal using the same procedure as above
with 14.96% CP.
227
Chapter VIII

Com 7.8 44.04 44.04

x 77 = 66.23
\ ! 51.20
14.96

Fishmeal 64.0
I \ 7.16 7.16
--- x 77 = 10.77
51.20 51.20
Ration:
Com = 66.23
Rice bran = 20.00
Fishmeal = 10.77
Micro-ingredien ts = 3.00
100.00

~\nother example, prepare a 100 kg broiler starter diet.

1. Broiler starter diet must contain 20.7% CP, 2900 l\'IE, 0.87% Ca, 0.44% ~\vail
P, 1.04% Lys and 0.72% l\let + Cys. These value represent the nutrients
required by broiler-type chicken at 2-4 weeks old.
2. The available feed ingredients with their nutrient contents are listed below:

Feed Ingredient CP ME Ca Avail.P Lys Met + Cys

Com 7.80 3300 0.07 0.06 0.26 0.36
SBM US 47.20 2500 0.53 0.20 3.02 1.42
Rice bran Dl 12.40 2400 0.07 0.23 0.57 0.52
DCP - - 20.00 18.00 - -
Limestone - - 38.00 - - -
Coco oil - 8600 - - - -
Dl-methionine - - - - - 99.00
Salt - - - - - -
Vitamin premL,,{ - - - - - -
Mineral premix - - - - - -

3. Assume feed ingredients of fixed percentages in the ration:

a. 5% rice bran and 3% micro-ingredients with a total of 8%
b. 100 - 8 = 92: this means that 92% of the diet will be composed of yello
corn and soybean meal (US)

228
 Feed Formulatioll

4. Calculate the amount of yellow corn and soybean m eal (US) to be added in
the diet
a. Amount of CP provided by fixed ingredient: 5% rice bran, 5 x .1250 = 0.62
b. Subtract this amount from the required CP: 20.70 - 0.62 20.08 =
c. Compute the amount of protein to be provided by yellow com and soybean meal:
20.08
x 100 = 21.83
92.00

d. Use Pearson square method to calculate the amount of yellow corn and
soybean meal.

Yellow corn 7.80, - - - - - - - - , 25.37 0.6439 x 92 = 59.24

\ !
21.83

I '\
Soybean meal, US 47.20 14.03 0.3561 x 92 = 37.76%
39.40

5. Determine the amount of nutrients provided by the feed ingredients and

compare with the nutrient requirements of the broilers.

Amount CP :tvIE Ca Avail P Lys J-..fet +Cys

Com 59.24 4.62 1955 0.041 0.036 0.154 0.213

SBM, US 32.76 15.46 819 0.174 0.066 0.989 0.465
Rice bran Dl 5.00 0.62 120 0.004 0.012 0.029 0.026
Total 20.70 2894 0.219 0.114 1.172 0.704
Requirement 20.70 2900 0.87 0.44 1.04 0.72
Deficit 6 0.651 0.326 0.016

6. Are there any excesses or deficiencies? Balance the remaining nutrient deficiency
with appropriate feed ingredient.

229
Chapter VlTl

a .•-\.mount of coco oil to supplement 6 kcal1IE:

6
= 0.07
8600/100

b. ..Amount of DCP to supplement phosphorus:

0.326
- - - - = 1.81
0.18

1.81 kg DCP x .20 = 0.362 kg Ca

0.362 + 0.219 = 0.581 kg Ca
0.87 - 0.581 = 0.289 kg Ca (deficit)

c. ~-\mount of limestone to supplement Ca deficiency:

0.289
- - - - = 0.76
0.38

d .•-\.mount of Dl-methionine to supplement met + cys:

0.016
- - - - = 0.02
0.99

7. Determine the total amount of feed ingredients in the diet and calculate to
make up a total of 100 kg by including 0.25% salt, 0.25% vitamin premix
and 0.25% mineral premL'{. Any excess or deficit to 100 will be subtracted/
added to the amount of corn.

8. Write the fmal ration.

Amount CP ME Ca Avail P Lys Met+Cys

Corn 58.83 4.59 19.41 0.041 0.035 0.153 0.212
Soybean, US 32.76 15.46 819 0.174 0.066 0.989 0.465
Rice bran Dl 5.00 0.62 120 0.004 0.012 0.029 0.026
Coco oil 0.07 - 6 - - - -

DCP 1.81 - - 0.362 0.326 - -

Limestone 0.76 - - 0.289 - - -

Dl-methionine 0.02 - - - - - 0.020

230
 Feed Formulatloll

Amount CP ME Ca Avail P Lys Met+Cys

Salt 0.25 - - - - - -

Vitamin premL"X 0.25 - - - - - -

~fineral premix 0.25 - - - - - -

Total 100 20.67 2886 0.870 0.439 1.171 0.723

Requiremen t 20.70 2900 087 0.44 1.04 0.72

Linear Programming (LP). This is a method to determine the least-cost

combination of ingredients using a series of mathematical equations. There are many
possible solutions to each series of equations, but when the factor of cost is applied,
there can only be one least cost combination.

A. computer is capable of making thousands of calculations in a very short time.

However, the machine is incapable of correcting errors resulting from incorrect data
or errors in setting up the program. Therefore, the resultant rations obtained from
linear programming will be no better than the information and values which are entered
Lnto the program.

PROCEDURE
Before using the LP approach in ration formulation, the user should be familiar
with the LP program or software package to be used. There are certain information
and data entered into the computer and are generally created in steps as follows:

1. Available feed ingredients. List down all the available ingredients with the
corresponding unit cost. Ensure that the number does not exceed some practical
figure for the machine to handle.

2. Nutrient composition of feed ingredients. Use the average or typical values

in the tables of feed composition but whenever available, use the chemical analysis
of a representative sample.

3. Ration specifications. This generally represents the nutrient requirements

and ingredient limits. In each case, the formulator specifies either a lower limit and/
or an upper limit for each item.

4. After providing all the necessary information, the computer produces a formula
that will meet the desired specifications at the lowest possible cost. However, the

231
Chapter ["17J

formula should be feasible from the standpoint of both mathematics and nutrition.
The feedstuff mL'{ture should be acceptable to the animals for which it is intended.

Table 1 is an example of a least-cost ration generated from linear programming.

The various columns of the report are numbered for identification as follows:

Column (1) - ingredient names and number

Column (2) - solution amounts given in percentage for feed ingredients
Column (3) - percentage solution for ingredients has been converted to
a "ton" batch
Column (4) - costs of ingredient in peso per unit weight
Column (5) & (6) - minimum or maximum level for each ingredient
and each nutrient
Column (7) & (9) - the lower cost range gives the feed cost below which the
present optimal solution would no longer be valid. Similarly,
the upper cost range gives the feed cost above which the
present solution would no longer be valid.
Column (8) & (10) - new solution amounts given in percentage for each
feed at lower cost (column 7) or upper cost (column 9).
Column (11) - nutrient names
Column (12) - nutrient specifications
Column (13) & (14) - minimum and maximum limits for each nutrient
Column (15) - costs of nutrient in peso per unit weight
Column (16) & (17) - the effective lower or upper level of specified nutrient
with the corresponding saving (column 18) for each change.

Changes in costs of ingredients, its availability, and in the animal requirements

dictate the need for reformulating the ration. It is therefore important to monitor all
the information on a regular basis.

232
 Table 80. Example of a least cost ration.

LP Specification (1128) Name: Broiler Starter Optimal Cost:

9.726 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

Included 0/0 Kg % Cost Minimum Maximum Lower New % Upper New %

Limit Cost Cost

10 Yellow com 55.4962 554.962 8.00 30.00 100.00 7.077 562076 15.276 55.0226
133 Rice bran 1.8041 18.041 5.50 0.00 5.00 0.393 2.4789 6.087 0.8059
247 Soybean meal US 46 33.0744 330.744 9.90 0.00 40.00 8.682 33.5552 22.889 32.8091
325 Fishmea160 3.0000 30.000 20(max) 0.00 3.00 22.175 2.7308
500 Limestone 1.4269 14269 0.60 0.00 5.00 -28.932 1.4%1 40.173 1.4031
511 Salt 0.2500 2.500 1.90(min) 0.25 0.30 -21.303 0.3
525 Monodicalcium
N
phosphate 1.2467 12.467 10.50 0.00 2.00 3.580 1.3314 100.735 1.2086
w 610 Coconut oil 3.0000 30.000 19.5O(max) 0.00 3.00 45.665 2.9285
w 650 DL-methionine 0.2016 2.016 116.00 0.00 1.00 35.013 0.2838 717.041 0.1965
712 Vitamin/mineral 0.5000 5.000 70.00(min) 0.50 1.00 -20.418 0.5969
Total 100.00 1000.00

Rejected Maximum % Cost Lower Cost New %

110 Hard Pollard 5.00 4.00 -6.385 0.1808

221 Copra meal 5.00 220 -1.236 0.3029
600 Molasses 2.00 3.40 -4.336 02272
651 L-Iysine 1.00 75 .00 33.132 0.0823
:J1
'"
l::>.
~
~
'">::
~
.....
~.
;:;
 Table 80 continued ... 0.
~
~
(11) (12) ( 13) (14 ) ( 15) (16 ) ( 18) (17) ( 18) ~
Analysis Limit Minimum Maximum UnitCost Lower Saving Upper Saving
Level l,evel

Voltnne 100.00 (max) 100.00 100.00 0.213 IOO.064fJ 0.014

Dry matter 88.5072 87.00 100.00
Crude protein 22.00 (min) 22.00 24 .00 0.2322 21.927 0.017
Fat 6.0799 3.00 8.00
Fiber 4.0021 1.00 5.00
Ash 6.3834 5.00 9.00
Ca 0.9500 (min) 0.95 1.00 0.5764 O.C)254 0.014
TPhos 0.7000 (min) 0.70 0.90 1075~ OfiC)10 0.007
APhos 0.4882 0.48 0.50
N
to) Na 0.1885 0.15 0.25
~ MEP 3000.00 (min) 3000.00 3100.00 0.0081 2997.0725 0.0 19
Lys 1.2053 1.20 999999.00
Meth 0.5554 0.51 999999.00
M+C 0.9000 (min) 0.90 999999.00 0.8403 0.R553 O.03R
Thr 0.2691 0.84 999999.00
 Feed Formulation

RATION FORMULATION FOR RUMINANTS

.-\t present, the nutrients being considered in formulating rations for ruminants
are the total digestible nutrient (TDN, kg/day), crude protein (CP, g/ day), calcium
(Ca, g/ day) and phosphorus (p, g/ day). Remember that rations for ruminants are
formulated on dry matter basis due to wide variation in moisture content of the feeds
especially roughage. In formulating rations for ruminants, always remember the
following:
1. Prepare a listing of the requirements for the nutrients to be considered.
Familiarize one's self with the nutrient analyses of the feed ingredients to be
used as the unit prices of the available feedstuffs.
2. I(now the limitation of usage of some of the feeds. Remember the limitations
of the ingredients and their maximum levels prior to substituting one ingredient
with another.
3. Check the ration for each nutrient content. . . .\Iso, consider the cost per kg of
mixed feed.

The following examples show how a beef cattle ration is formulated:

A. BEEF CATTLE

EXAMPLE A. Ration for a 250 kg steer gaining 0.75 kg/day

Step 1. Write down the nutrient requirements.

Dry Matter TDN CP Ca Total P

kg kg g g g
Amount 6.4 3.8 693 21 17
Percent of DM 59.4 10.8 0.33 0 .26

Step 2. List down the available feeds.

Feeds DM TDN CP Ca Total P

-------- % D;\I basis - - - - - - - - - -
Napier grass 22 55.0 9.5 0.42 0.39
Rice bran, D 1 91 .9 84.5 13.5 0.08 1.64
Ipil-ipil
leaf meal 90 60.3 20.0 0.35 0.27

235
Chapter VIII

Step 3. Calculate if napier grass alone can satisfy the TDN requirement.
6.4 kg DM x 55% TDN = 3.52 kg TDN
100
Since the amount ofTDN from napier is less than the requirement, the concentrate
is considered to replace part of the napier as an energy source. "-\ssuming rice bran is
available and cheap, the proportions of napier and rice bran based on TDN is calculated
as follows:

Napier, 55.0 25.1 parts

\ !
59.4

I \
Rice bran, 84.5 4.4 parts
29.5 total parts

25.1 /29. 5 x 100 = 85.1 % napier

4.4/29.5 x 100 = 14.9% rice bran

85.1 % napier x 6.4 kg DM = 5.45 kg D;\f from napier

14.9% rice bran x 6.4 kg DM = 0.95 kg DM from rice bran

Step 4. Determine if the combination of napier and rice bran satisfies th

requirement for crude protein.

Feeds DM TDN CP CaG Total P

kg kg g g g

N apier grass 5.45 3.00 518 22.89 21.26

Rice bran, D 1 0.95 0.80 128 0.76 15.20

Total 6.4 3.8 646 23.65 36.46
Requirement 6.4 3.8 693 21 17
Balance -47 +2.65 +19.46

236
 Feed FormuLation

The balance in CP of 47 g can be satisfied by replacing part of rice bran with ipil-
ipil meal. The combination of rice bran and ipil-ipil leaf meal should supply 18.4%
CP and is calculated as follows:

693 g CP required
-518 g CP from napier grass
175 g CP from rice bran and ipil-ipilleaf meal

175 g CP/950 g Dj\'f x 100 = 18.4% CP

Rice bran, 13.5 3.8 parts

\ I
18.4

Ipil-ipilleaf meal,
I '\ 4.2 parts
22.2 8.7 total parts

3.8/8.7 x 100 = 43.68% rice bran

4.9/8.7 x 100 - 56.32% ipil-ipil leaf meal

0.95 kg Div{ x 43.68% = 0.41 kg rice bran

0.95 kg DJ\{ x 56.32% = 0.54 ipil-ipil leaf meal

Feeds Amount, TDN CP Ca Total P

kg kg g g g

Napier grass 5.45 3.00 518.0 22.89 21.57

Rice bran, Dl 0.41 0.35 55.4 0.33 6.56
Ipil-ipil
leaf meal 0.54 0.36 120.0 2.11 1.62
Total 6.4 3.71 693.4 25.33 29.75

On as fed basis, the animal should receive the following feed per day:

Napier grass 5.45 kg DM = 24.8 kg

22% Di\l
237
Chapter VJJI

Rice bran 0.41 kg DM = 0.45 kg

91.9% D::\f

Ipil-ipil leaf meal 0.54 kg D1\[ = 0.60 kg

90% D~\f

~-\nother approach in formulating ration for beef cattle is to have a pre-determined

roughage to concentrate ration based on availability and prices.

EXAMPLE B. Formulate a ration for a 300 kg steer gaining 0.75 kg per day
with a roughage to concentrate ratio at 60:40.

Step 1. Write down the nutrient requirement of the animal.

DM TDN CP Ca Total P
kg kg g g g
7.4 4.3 753 23 18

Step 2. List down the available roughage.

Feed DM TDN CP Ca Total P

- - - - - - - - - - % D~[ basis - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Rice straw 90 47 3.80 0.32 0.10

Step 3. Calculate the dry matter intake of roughage and concentrate mL'{ture
based on the roughage to concentrate ratio (60:40).

7.4 kg DM x 60% = 4.44 kg Di\I from rice straw

7.4 kg D~( x 40% = 2.96 kg DM from concentrate mixture

Step 4. IdeQtify the amount of nutrients supplied by the roughage.

Feeds Amount, TDN CP Ca Total P

kg kg g g g
Rice straw 4.44 2.09 169 14 4

238
 Feed Formulation

Step 5. Calculate the amount of nutrient to be supplied by the concentrate

mixture by subtracting the values obtained in Step 4 from the nutrient requirement.

TDN CP Ca Total P
kg g g g
2.21 584 9 14

Step 6. Compute the nutrient composition of the concentrate mixture by dividing

the amount of nutrients in Step 5 by the amount of concentrate mixture (Step 3).

2.21 kg TDN x 100 = 75% TDN

2.96 kg

0.584 kg CP x 100 20% CP

2.96 kg

0.009 kg Ca x 100 = 0.30% Ca

2.96 kg

0.014 kg P x 100 = 0.47% P

2.96 kg

Step 7. Formulate the concentrate mixture based on the nutrient composition

calculated in Step 6. Start with a fixed amount of the following: salt at 1%, urea at 1%
as cheap source of crude protein, molasses at 5%, for palatability and dicalcium
phosphate at 1% to supply calcium and phosphorus. Copra meal and rice bran can be
used as the major ingredients. Since the concentrate mixture is being used as a protein
supplement, use protein content as the basis in determining the proportion of major
ingredients. The following equation method can be used.

Let x = amount of rice bran D\

92 -x amount of copra meal

0.135x + 0.2126 (92-x) + 0.04 (5) 2.88 (1) -

20
0.135x + 19.56 - 0.2126x + 0.2 + 2.88 -
20
-0.0776x -
20 - 22.64
x = -2.64
-0.0776
x = 34.02
92 - x 57.98

239
Chapter VITI

The concentrate mixture, on DM basis, is as follows:

Ingredients Amount, TDN CP Ca Total P

kg kg kg g g

Rice bran 34.02 28.75 4.59 0 .03 0.56

Copra meal 57.98 50 .11 12.33 0.09 0.37
l\:Iolasses 5.00 3.95 0.19 0.05 0.01
Limestone 1.00 0.39 0.16
Urea 1.00 2.88
Salt 1.00
Total 100.00 82.81 19.99 0.56 1.10

The ration, on as fed basis, is as follows:

Ingredients Amount (kg) Percent of mix

Rice bran 37.02* 34.34**

Copra meal 61.03 56.60
l'vlolasses 6.67 6.19
Limestone 1.02 0.95
Urea 1.02 0.95
Salt 1.05 0.97
Total 107.81 100.00

Calculated dry matter of concentrate mixture = 92.75 %

*34.02 kg /91.9 DJ',r1 of rice bran = 37.02 kg
** 37.02 kg /107.81 kg x 100 34.34 %

On as fed basis, the animal should receive the following:

-
Rice straw 4.44 kg Dl',,! - 4.93 kg
0.90
--
Concentrate 2.26 kg D~{ 3.19 kg
l\fix ture 0.9275
240
 Feed Formulation

B.DAIRYCOW

In feeding a dairy cow, the required nutrients must be contained in the amount of
dry matter (Di\t1) the animal is about to consume. The amount of nutrients required
by a lactating dairy cow depends upon the size of the animal, amount ofmilk produced
and butterfat content of milk. The size of animal determines the maintenance
requirement of the animal, i.e. the larger cow will require more feed. The nutrient
requirement for milk production is proportional to the amount of milk produced and
its butterfat content.
In generat, the steps to be followed in formulating a ration for a lactating dairy
cow are as follows:
1. Calculate the probable dry matter intake (DMI) of the intended animal.
2. Calculate its nutrient requirements.
3. Determine the amount of available ingredients that must be fed to fulfill its
nutrient requirements within its expected Di\U limits.

Dry Matter Intake (DMI). The Di\H required to fulfill the nutrient allowances
for maintenance, milk production and normal weight gain during mid- and late lactation
is ba..<;ed on the percent of liveweight and influenced by the volume of milk produced
adjusted to 4% fat (Refer to Chapter 5, Table 53).

Roughage Allowance. The maximum intake of fresh forage is estimated at

6-8% (7% average) of body weight, while for hay, it is about 1.5 to 2.5% (2% average)
of body weight. Thus, for a 600-kg cow, the ma..'{imum intake of napier grass is 42 kg
(600 x 7%), while for hay is 12 kg (600 kg x 2%).

EXAMPLE

A mature lactating cow weighing 600 kg is producing 11 kg of milk with 3.5%

butterfat. The roughage available is the 56-day old napier grass fed free choice.

1. To get DMI,calculate the milk production adjusted to 4% fat.

4%FCM (.4) (11) + (15) (11) (.035)

= 4.4 + 5.775
= 10.175 @ 10 kg
Dl\U = 600 kg x 2.2% = 13.2 kg

The 2.2% value is based on Chapter 5, Table 53.

241
Chapter VIII

2. Write down the nutrient requirement of the animal (Chapter 5, Table 54):

TDN CP Ca Total P
kg g g g
Maintenance 4.24 406 24 17
Production 3.3 924 33 20
Total 7.54 1330 57 37

3. Identify the nutrient supplied by the roughage (napier grass):

~\verage intake of napier grass = 600 kg x 7% = 42 kg

DM TDN CP Ca Total P
Nutrient composition, % 22 55 9.5 0.42 0.39
Nutrient supplied, kg 9.24 5.08 0.878 0.039 0.036

4. Determine the amount of nutrient to be supplied by the concentrate mixture.

DM TDN CP Ca P
kg kg g g g

Requirement 13.2 7.54 1330 57 37

Supplied by 9.24 5.08 878 39 36
napier grass

Balance 3.96 2.46 452 18 1

5. Determine the nutrient specification of the concentrate mL'(ture.

2.46 kg ION
3.96 kg Dl\'l
x 100 = 62% TDN

0,018 kg Ca x 100 = 0.45% Ca

3.96 kg DM

242
 Feed Formulation

0.452 kg CP x 100 = 11.4% Ca

3.96 kg Di\l

6. Formulate the concentrate mixture. Start with a fixed amount of the following
salt at 1%, molasses at 5% and limestone at 2%. Corn and rice bran D 1 can be used as
major ingredients.
Let x = amount of corn
92-x = amount of rice bran Dl

0.0889x + 0.135 (92 - x) + 0.04 (5) = 11.4

0.0889x + 12.42 - 0.135x + 0.2 = 11.4
-0.0461x = 11.4 - 12.62
x = -1.22/- 0.0461
x = 26.46
92-x -- 65.54

The concentrate mixture, on dry matter basis is as follows:

Ingredients Amount TDN CP Ca Total P

kg kg g g g

Corn 26.46 26.25 2.352 0.021 0.077

Rice bran, D 1 65.54 55.38 8.848 0.052 1.075
Molasses 5.00 3.95 0.194 0.054 0.006
Limestone 2.00 0.776
Salt 1.00
Total 100.00 81.63 11.39 0.903 1.158

On as fed basis, the concentrate mixture is as follows:

Ingredients Amount, kg Percent of mixture

Corn 30.17 27.12

Rice bran, D 1 71.32 64.11
Molasses 6.67 6.00
Limestone 2.04 1.83
Salt 1.05 0.94
Total 111.25 100.00

243
Chapter VllI

Dry matter content of concentrate mL"<ture = 89.89%

Concentrate mixture as fed = 3.96 kg = 4.41 kg
89.89% D~I

UREA FEEDING FOR RUMINANTS

Fertilizer grade urea (45% N) is toxic. It should be fed in the form and manner
which will ensure intake at safe levels only. Do this by diluting urea in water-molasses
solution or by mixing it with an unpalatable substance like salt. For efficient utilization
of urea as non-protein nitrogen source, ensure to make available adequate amount of
energy and sulfur. Furthermore, regular and continuous intake of urea is more efficient
than an irregular urea supplementation.

Urea is equivalent to 281% CP (45% N x 6.25).

Safe use of urea in the diet can be achieved by following any of these guidelines:

a. Use urea only at 1% of the total ration.

Example: A 200-kg steer consumes about 6.0 kg of dry matter per day
(3% of liveweight). Use about 60 g/ day (6000 g x 1%).

b. i\fix urea at 3% of the concentrate mixture.

Example: In a 100-kg concentrate mixture, 3 kg of the mixture is
contributed by urea.

c. ~'\dd urea to provide one-third of the protein in a ration.

Example: Protein requirement of the ration is 12% CP or 120 g/kg.

Protein to be provided by urea is: = 120 g/kg

3.0
= 40 g/kg

~-\mount of urea in a ration = 40 g/kg

281% CP/l00

= 14.2 g/kg or
1.4% of ration

244
 Feed Formulation

BALANCING RATIONS WITH UREA

Use the following guides in using urea for replacing more e.'Cpensive protein sources
in cattle (or in ruminants in general) feed formulation:

1. In general, it is practical to add urea at levels of approximately

a. 1% of the total air-dry ration, or
b. 2-3% of the concentrate mL'Cture, or
c. an alTIount that will provide 20-30% of the total dietary nitrogen

The level of urea in the concentrate mixture can be increased from 3%, if paJatable
ingredients such as molasses is included, and the mixture is to be fed in rather small
proportions to roughage.

2. Provide cattle with adequate amounts of readily available carbohydrates or

energy, minerals, and vitamins for proper and efficient utilization of urea. i'.Iolasses is
a good source of both energy and minerals.

3. During the summer months and where molasses is readily available, a water-
urea-molasses mixture with at most 10% urea may be used as a lick but with proper
precaution. Use a rotary licker to make the animal take the water-urea-molasses mixture
regularly. The suggested liquid-urea mixture is as follows: 2.5 kg urea; 4.5 kg molasses;
18 liter water.

4. In supplements with equal crude protein content, the one with urea should
cost less than the supplement without it.

PRECAUTIONS WHEN FEEDING UREA

Urea should be thoroughly incorporated in the cattle ration. The ration must be
free of any lumps of urea. ~-\n animal consuming a large amount of urea due to non-
uniform mixing of the concentrate may develop a condition called ammonia toxicity.
Harmful effects of urea toxicity range from drowsiness to excessive salivation, going
off-feed or an eventual death as the most severe effect.
When feeding urea, make sure [0 observe the following precautions:
a. Do not feed young caJves and sick animals.
b. Provide adequate energy feed.
c. Control intake of urea.
d. Provide an adaptation period.
245
Chapter l/lTJ

FORMULATING VITAMIN PREMIX

Vitamins are naturally present in feeds but in relatively low concentration. Few
milligram or even microgram of these substances are sufficient enough to regulate the
utilization of nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins. However, some of
these amounts are not entirely biologically available and at times have poor stability.
Such that the vitamin content in the feed further decreases over prolonged storage
processes and soon may not be available anymore. Vitamins used in the feed industry
are produced industrially by chemical or microbiological methods. These synthetically
produced vitamins or pure form vitamins are chemically identical to the vitamins
occurring in nature and are equivalent in their action . Therefore, vitamins are added
routinely to balance the deficiency in the feeds.

Points to Consider in Formulating Vitamin Premix

1. Vitamin requirements of the animals for which the premix is intended.

Different species and classes of animals have different requirements. Other factors
such as physical and metabolic stresses can influence the levels of vitamins that the
animal requires.

2 .•-\vailability of synthetically produced vitamins or pure form vitamins.

Commercially available vitamins are in different physical and chemical form, namely,
liquid, oil and crystalline powder. In whatever form it may be, the vitamins for
fortification must be stable, mixable and bioavailable.

3. Concentration or purity and equivalence of vitamin in the source material

relative to the pure form must be known. The source material must contain the
appropriate amount of vitamin to produce mixed feeds that contain the recommended
level of supplementation to satisfy the animals' requirements.

4. There should be a specified inclusion rate of vitamin premix in the mixed

feeds. This will determine the exact amount of vitamin premix to be produced and
added to specific amount of mixed feeds.

5. Fortification with antioxidant. The use of antioxidants in premL"Xes helps in

slowing down the reactions of vitamins with environmental elements or factors, which
may lead to degradation and other adverse effects or an eventual loss of potency.

6. Choice of carrier and/or diluent. The use of carrier and/or diluent used in
vitamin premL"X plays an integral role in the overall quality of the premL"X. Carrier is
used when vitamin exist in very fine light particles while the diluent may be used to

246
 Feed Formulation

dilute a concentrated vitamin to a more manageable potency. In the selection of

either carrier or diluent, follow the same principles for good mixability that govern
premixing. Careful attention must be paid to the particle size, shape, density, adhesive
electrostatic and hygroscopic properties of the carrier and/or diluent.

Table 81 shows the composition of vitamin premL,( for broiler starter. It is made
up of concentration that can be mixed at the rate of 1 kg per ton of mixed feed. In
this vitamin premix, 84.83% is carrier. Increase the amount of the carrier if more
than 1 ton premL,( is needed.

FORMULATING MINERAL PREMIX

Trace minerals play an essential role in nutrition, being part of structural materials,
constituents of the soft tissues and cells, and regulation of many vital biological
processes. They occur naturally in most feed ingredients but the amount and
bioavailability varies considerably. Nowadays, a wide range of trace element
compounds are available to fortify rations for livestock use. Traditionally, trace minerals
are included in the diet in the form of premix of inorganic salts such as sulfates,
chlorides, carbonates and oxides.

Procedure in formulating mineral premix is similar with that of vitamin premix.

Mineral premix is commonly used for the trace minerals .•\n example of a mixture
that can be used for broiler starter is shown in Table 82, along with the source material
and amount needed for 1 kg premix.

247
Chapter VII!

Table 81. Composition of vitamin premix for broiler starter with an inclusion
rate of 1 kg per ton of feed.

Vitamin Requirement Source Concentration Amount of

per kg feed Material' of Vitamin in Source Material,
source material g per kg Premix
(IU per gram
or %)
(A) (B) (C) (D=A/C)

Vitamin A 10,000ru VitaminA 1000 1,000,000 ru 10.00b

Vitamin D) 2,500ru Vitamin D) 500 500,OOOru 5.W

VitaminE 30mg Vitamin E Adsorbate 50% 60.00

Vitamin~ 3mg Menadione 43% 6.98

Nicotinamide Bisulfite
VitaminB , 2mg Thiamine mononitrate 92% 2.17

VitaminB 2 5mg Vitamin B280 80% 6.25

VitaminB 6 3mg Pyridoxine HC) 82% 3.66

VitaminB ,2 12mcg VitaminB ,2 1% 1% 1.20

Biotin 200mcg D-biotin 10% 10% 2.00

Folic I mg Folic acid 80 80% 1.25

Niacin 30mg Niacin 99.5% 30.15

Pantothen ic 12mg Calcium D- 92% 13.04

acid pantothenate

Total Vitamins 141.70

Antioxidant C
10.00
Carrier 848.30
Total 1,000.00

'Re fe r to Chapter I, Table 2

b For Vitamins .-\ and D, the volue is multiplied by 1000.
o Anti oxidant is includ ed in the premix at 1% (can v",l' dependi ng o n the kind of .n tioxidant used).

248
 Feed Formulation

Table 82. Composition of mineral premix for broiler starter with an inclusion rate of
1 kg per ton of feed.

Mineral Require- Source Percent Percent Amount of

ment, mg Materiala Element Purity Source
per kg (feed grade in Source of Source Material,
feed salts) Material\) MaterialC g per kg
Premix
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E=N(CxD)

Copper 8.00 CuS04°5HP 25.60 98 31 .89

Iron 80.00 FeS04o H 2O 32.94 80 303.58

Iodine 0.80 KI 76.51 95 1.10

Manganese 80.00 MnS04 Hp

0
32.54 78 315.19

Selenium 0.10 Na2SeO) 45.66 95 0.23

Zinc 40.00 ZnO 80.25 95 52.47

'Refer to Chapter I, Table I.

bVaries with the manufacturer.

249
Chapter VTTI

REFERENCES
_\D ISSEO. 1996. Mi~ToLZ"t uJed· guide.

Ensminger, ;\LE., JE. Oldfield and ww. Heinemann. 1990. FeeriJ· and nutrition. 2"n ed.
California, US ..\ : The Ensminger Publishing Co. p681-683.

PC\RRD 1985. The PhilippineJ recommends for beef cattle prvdudion. Rev. ed. Los Bailos,
Laguna: Beef Cattle Production Committee. Philippine Council for _\griculture,
Fores try' and Natural Res ou rces Research and Development (PC\RRD)
Technical Bulletin Series. No. 9-.\:106.

PC\RRD. 1986. The PhilippineJ 1'CcommenriJ:/or limtockjeedformulation. Los Bafi.os, Laguna:

Livestock Feed Formulation Committee. Philippine Council for _\griculture,
Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development (PC\RRD).
Technical Bulletin Series No. 64-.\:128.

Perry, T.W 1982. Feed j01mulatioltJ. 3'n ed. Danville, Illinois: The Interstate Printers
and Publishers, Inc.

250
 CHAPTER IX
QUALITY CONTROL OF
FEED INGREDIENTS

INCRE-\SING PRICES OF feed ingredients is one of major obstacles confronting

the Philippine feed, poultry and livestock industries. Highly related to this problem is
the deterioration of feed quality and adulteration of very expensive feed ingredients.

Demand for higher feed quality intensifies every year. Combination of high cost
of feeds and the low financial returns on animal raised had reduced the profit margin
of producers. This made him more critical in the quality of his feed.

Recently, any feed quality problem is a manufacturer's liability. Those who did
not maintain their product quality were confronted with loss of consumers or
undesirable and costly legal problems. Nowadays, more feed customers readily file
product liability suits concerning feed quality than in the past.

It is noteworthy that the goal of feed manufacturing is to produce feed which is

free of contaminants and satisfies the required specifications in nutritional
composition, palatability, and desired medication level. These can only be achieved
through a strict compliance to the quality control program of feed ingredients.
251
ChapterTX

Definition of Quality Assurance (Control)

Quality assurance, according to Timothy Hermann (1997), commonly starts with

a balanced ration that meets the nutritional requirements of target species and prepared
by a qualified nutritionist. It involves the following, namely: procurement of feed
ingredients according to specified physical and nutritional targets as outlined in the
purchasing agreement; correct sampling and sample evaluation to ensure that
ingredien ts meet, exceed or fall short 0 f purchasing specifications; proper feed
processing through regular mixer testing, maintenance, and correct storage.

Quality assurance is a program that aims to produce feeds that:

• meets the required specifications;

• is free from adulterants/contaminants;

• has a competitive advantage; and,

• provides profitability for the farm and/or the feed mill.

:\ good quality assurance plan can successfully control feed quality through:

• setting of nutritional standards for feed ingredien ts/ raw materials and finished
feeds;

• use of appropriate technology on feed manufacturing; and,

• application of methods of sound quality control program.

252
 Qua/i(y Control of Feed Ingredients

Figure 1. Flow chart for the quality control of raw materials

Vehicle containing feed

ingredients in bags/bulk

Receiving Area
Checkers take feed ingredient samples
from vehicles

Laboratory for physical evaluation

(Visual inspection, microscopy and moisture determination)

Decision for acceptance/outright rejection

Diagnostic Laboratory Conditional Outright rejection

(Mycotoxin/Salmonella test) acceptance (feed (No unloading of feed
I If applicable
unloaded) from vehicles)
I I

I
I Analyticall ::a:: -~y ---R:e:n:e:s~o::e::deratiOn
(Proximate, urease, free fatty acid, (Feed ingredients do not meet specifications set by
:rt peroxide value, etc.) the company)
I ~------------~

I D
L -+[ Acceptance of Feed Ingredients J

Warehouse of Feed
Ingredients file number of
each delLvery
Q [L__ F_ee_d_m_i_"_-----'l Q l,-Formula feeds

Warehouse for finished

Release feeds for sale/ use

~----------------------------------~
)\=J feeds

253
Chapter IX

SAMPLING

A Materials used for sampling:

• Probe

• P ail

• Tray

• Spatula .

B. Procedure
a. Sampling size/scheme

1. Sampling from delivery vehicles

Randomly collect samples fro m th e bags loaded on the delivery vehicl _
using a prob e. E nsure to take th e samples fro m the back, sides and to p of
the delivery vehicle wh enever pussibl e.

254
 Quality Control 0/ Feed Ingredimts

2. Sampling from bags/sacks on the delivery vehicle

Get sample by placing a bag/ sack probe diagonally through the sack. Collect
around 20% of the total load/bags in the truck and place it in a pail/big
plastic bag.

3. Sampling of liquid samples (molasses and oil)

Liquid sample is taken using a tube or glass or stainless steel. Obtain a
minimum of 500ml sample representing at least 10% of the containers.
Stir liquid raw materials prior to sampling to ensure that feed ingredient
are mixed and distributed.

b. Sample preparation and retention

Place the contents of each probe into the pail/big plastic bag, then, mix well.
Reduce the quantity of mixed samples by quartering it in a tray. This process should
produce a working sample of 1kg, then, store a 500 gram sample within a
predetermined duration.

c. Sample frequency

It is highly recommended that all batches of raw materials should be sampled

and subjected to physical inspection, chemical and microbiological analysis based on
specifications of each raw material enumerated in Chapter 1.

d. Handling of sample

.-\fter collecting the samples, divide them into half. Send the first half for
laboratory analysis while the other will be retained in a sample bottle. Label both
portions with the following:

1. the date
2. sample code
3. the suppliers name (can be coded)
4. the ingredi~nts name
5. guarantees, if any,
6. tests reqUired

.-\fter collection, send the samples in air tight containers to the laboratory as soon
as possible. Keep a logbook or record of the samples sent to the laboratory. Logbook
255
ChapterTX

should record label information and dates when the sample were sent to the labora-
tory. This will provide documentation in case a sample is lost and serve in monitoring
the laboratory's turn around time.

QUICK TESTS FOR PHYSICAL EVALUATION

RICE BRAN TEST KIT was developed by Dr. Perla L. Lopez* at u.P. Los
Banos and the patent application was given to LQCC. It is used to detect adulterants
( rice hulls) in rice bran sample. Solution ~-\ and Solution B is added on the Sample. It
is then washed with ordinary tap water and treated with additional drops of Solution
.-\ and B. The resulting color will be compared with the picture of standard rice bran
containing 5,10 and 15% rice hull. ~-\ table is provided with the estimated levels of
rice hull correlated with the actual analysis of crude protein (CP) and crude fiber
(CF) of several rice bran sample and their corresponding class of rice bran, identifying
whether the sample is pure rice bran D1; good-D2, fair-D2, or poor-D3.

UREASE TEST checks the urease content in soybean meal. Urease is an enzyme
present in soybeans that acts on urea by producing carbon dioxide and ammonia. It is
controlled by heating which denatures the enzyme. Urease test reveals if soybean
samples are over cooked, properly cooked or undercooked.

QUICK TEST FOR CALCIUM CARBONATE checks the presence of

limestone in soybean, fishmeal, corn tiktik, rice bran, among others. To perform the
test, place a small portion of the test sample on a watch glass or Petri dish . •-\dd four
to five (4-5) drops of hydrochloric acid into the sample. Samples adulterated with
limestone will show effervescence.

MOISTURE TEST - Moisture content can be measured directly by weighing

the feed ingredient before and after the moisture is removed. Use an air oven to dry.
Some instruments, also referred to as moisture balances, will dry, re-weigh, and
calculate moisture content. i\Ioisture content is usually expressed on a wet weight
basis and is calculated using the following equation:

MC = 100 x'(wet weight - dry weight)/wet weight

where MC = moisture content

*Honorary member of the Philippine Society of .-\nimal Nutritionists (PH I LSA1"l) , Consultant and
Retired Professor in Animal Nutrition, j\nimal and Dairy Sciences Cluster, University of the Philippine;
at Los Banos (UPLB), College, Laguna, Philippines.

256
 Quality Co11tro[ oj Feed Ingredients

BULK DENSITY - refers to the weight in grams or in kilograms required to fill

one liter of container. It aids in easy and rapid detection of adulterants.

Sample Preparation:
• Mix well the sample whole grains. Grinding is not necessary.
• Grind pellets, crumble and mash form of feed using a 10-mesh sieve.

Procedure:
• Pour sample very gently and carefully into a 100ml cylinder until it reaches
exactly 100ml. Adjust the volume using a spatula or spoon.
• Pour the sample off the cylinder and weigh it. Or weigh the cylinder plus
sample.
• Calculate the weight of sample in grams per liter. Each sample needs to be
measured in triplicates.

Bulk Density = weight of cylinder + sample (grams) - weight of empty cylinder(grams)

(gramsIliter)
Volume of Cylinder (100ml) x 10

FEED MICROSCOPY - All microscopic identification is related to items seen

to known material (in the past). Examine and identify the physical characteristics of
the materials such as shape, color, particle size, softness, hardness and texture using
low magnification (8 to SO times). Feed microscopy is a useful method to identify
impurities/contaminants and evaluate the quality of incoming ingredients. It also
serves as a useful method for identifying missing ingredients in finished feeds.

RANCIDITY TEST determines rancidity in animal proteins and oilseed meal.

Rancidity affects the palatability of finished feeds. Perform the test by placing Sg of
sample into an Erlenmeyer flask and mixing SO ml acetic chloroform and lml saturated
potassium iodide. Stir. .-\dd SO ml distilled water and starch indicator and stir again .
Development of blue color indicates"rancidity.

QUICK TEST FOR UREA determines the presence of urea in protein

ingredients. Urea is an adulterant used to dangerously increase protein level of
ingredients. Conduct the test by placing Ih teaspoon (about 2.0g) sample into a 30ml-

257
ChapterTX

test tube. Add ten (10) ml of water and then a pinch of urease enzyme into the test
tube. Cover with cork. Insert a litmus paper immediately and then set aside for 15
minutes. If urea is present, the litmus paper will turn blue.

SUGGESTED CHEMICAL ANALYSES FOR MAJOR FEED INGREDIENTS

A. Grains and By-products

MC CP Crude Crude "-\f1a - T2 LON Zea- Salmonella

Fiber Fat toxin ralenone
Corn ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
I
Feed wheat ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Rice bran ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ,

Co pra meal ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Pollard ~ ~ . ~
~ ~ ~

B. Vegetable Protein

MC CP Crude Crude Protein Urease T2 ZearaIenone

Fiber Fat Solubility T es t
Soybean meal ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

C. Animal Protein sources

!

J'v[C CP ~-\ s h Crude Pepsin Salmo nella NaCI

Fat Digestibility
Fish meal ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Rendered proteins ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

258
 QualifY ControL oj Feed TlIgredientJ

D. Liquid Ingredients

MC FE-\ Peroxide Value Iodine Value Brix

I

~ ~ ~ ~
Fats/Oils
Molasses ~ ~

E. Dairy by-Products

;\[C Crude _-\sh NaCl Salmonella

Lactose
Protein

Whey powder ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

i\[ilk replacers ~ ~ ~ ~

F. Mineral Supplements

MC Calcium ~v[g Phosphorous Flourine Salmonella Salt

Limestone ~ ~

j\fonodical ~ ~
~

Tricaphos ~ ~ ~

Oyster shell ~ ~ ~

Salt ~ ~

259
ChapterTX

REFERENCES

"-\ Cy L Plains Laboratories, Inc. 2001. Lit'eStock Nutlition/Feed Ana!ysis. Lubbock,

Texas

Garner, G.B. 1995. Sampling Feedstuff Jor Chemical Ana!ysis. Department of

Biochemistry, College of "-\griculture, University of Missouri, Columbia

Hermann, T.]. 1997. Feed Quality Assurance. "-\merican Soybean "-\ssociation.

Singapore

Jones, ET. 1980. Ingredient Sampling and Ana!ysis. Wiry and How? Poultry Science
Technology. North Carolina State University.

Khajarern, ]. and Khajarern S. 1999. Manual oj Feed Microscopy and Quality Control.
3 rd Edition. "-\merican Soybean "-\ssociation, US Feed Grains Council and
United States Soybean Board.

Pierce, ].G. 1994. Sampling In: Feed Mamifacturing Technology IV "-\FL-\

Schroeder, ]. Wand K. Sedivec.1993. Sampling Feed Jor AnalYsis. NDS U Extension

Service. North Dakota State University

260
 CHAPTER X
LAws REGULATING THE
COMPOUND FEED INDUSTRY

FEED PRODUCTION FOR livestock, poultry, aquaculture and for other special
concerns make up one of the biggest businesses in the Philippines today. Such
enormous opportunity comes great responsibility to produce quality and safe feeds
that meet the nutrient specifications of the animals. For this reason, this compound
feed industry deserves the meticulous attention of professionals and regulatory bodies.
In the 70s, the goal of the animal feed industry was directed towards accelerating the
productivity of livestock farming, facilitating the free circulation of mixed feeds and
feedstuffs in domestic market, and providing information on feedstuffs' characteristics
to livestock, poultry and aquaculture growers. Today, the industry has integrated social
responsibility in their companies and redirected its operations and products that
promote the protection of human and animal health and to some extent, the
environment as well or embracing "green business" principles.

FEED LAWS

Like in other countries, the country's feed control program has three phases:
laws, regulations, and administrative procedures. These three are closely tied together
that discussion of the various measures of safeguarding feed users can only be done
in reference with each other.

Feed laws were created to protect the interest of the livestock, poultry and
aquaculture growers as well as general public. Its main objective is to prevent the
adulteration of animal feeds , whether imported or locally compounded, and assure
the consumer of quality feeds and feedstuffs that provide optimum returns in meat,
milk or eggs.
261
Chapter X

The major provisions of the feed law are as follows:

• Registration and guarantees;

• Labeling;
• Creation of the Animal Feeds Standard Division (~-\FSD) through the Executive
Order No. 116 of 1986 (formerly Animal Feed Control Division) and .-\nimal
Feeds Standardization Committee (formerly .-\nimal Feed Control .-\dvisory
Committee) under the Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI);
• Inspection and labeling;
• Nutrient standards for mixed feeds and feeding stuffs;
• Laboratory analysis and publication of results;
• Quality control services; and,
• Penalties and other enforcement procedures.

To upgrade the quality of commercial mixed feeds, feed additives, and

supplements, the BAI has been mandated to enforce the following laws and
regulations:

• Republic .-\ct No. 1556 entitled, "Livestock and Poultry Feeds ,-\ct" and its
implementing rules and regulations;

• R.A. No. 3720, as amended by Executive Order No. 175 entitled, "Food,
Drugs and Dev--ises and Cosmetics ~-\ct," and its implementing rules an d
regulations (IRR); and,

• R.A. No. 6675, entitled, "Generics .Act of 1988."

These laws and regulations are being administered and implemented by the
Secretary of .-\griculture through the Director of the Bureau of .i-\nimal Industry.

REGISTRATION AND LICENSING

Prevailing laws and regulations require all feed /ve terinary product manufacturers
and dealers to register at R-\I, either annually or semi-annually, to monito r and observe
closely the activities of concerned parties in the compound feed industry. It becomes
unlawful when any person, firm, partnership, corporation, cooperative or association
engages in the manufacture or sale of livestock, poultry, aqua and specialty feeds
without having registered first with the Office of the Director of .-\nimal Industry.

262
 Laws Regulating the Compound Feed Industry

Brand of a registered feed/veterinary product cannot be changed without a written

notification to proper authorities. The Director of ,-\nimal Industry is empowered to
cancel the registration of any feed/veterinary product that does not conform to the
provisions of the laws on labeling and quality standards.

REGISTRATION FEES

The following are the annual registration fees (in PhP) for the corresponding feed
establishments and products:

1. Nfixed feed/feed ingredient manufacturer:

a. Less than 25.0 l\iT 450.00

b. 25.1 to 50.0 {vIT 540.00
c. 50.1 to 100.0 ?'liT 630.00
d. l\10re than 100 1'.iT 720.00

2. Non-commercial mixed feed manufacturer 180.00

3. Importer/indentor 480.00
4. Supplier 240 .00
5. Distributor 120.00
6. Retailer 60.00
7. Feed products 100.00

LABELING OF FEEDS

The Livestock and Poultry Feeds regulations (Animal Industry "-\dministrative

Order 35, Series of 1975 and .-\nimal Industry .-\dministrative Order No. 12, Series
of 2007) require that mixed feeds carry labels indicating the guaranteed ingredients,
its chemical makeup, and direction of usage .•-\ feed tag should contain the following
information:

1. Net weight of the feed (in metric system). This refers to the actual weight
of the mixed feed or feed ingredient inside the bag, exclusive of its packaging.
2. Brand and product name. Brand name refers to any work, name, symbol or
logo, which identifies the feed made by certain distributor and distinguishes it from
. those by other manufacturers. The product name identifies the specific use of the
feed.

263
Chapter X

3. Guaranteed analysis. ;\{ost feed labels provide the minimum and/ or maximum
guarantees o f certain nutrients. Like in the United States, the following analyses are
generally listed: (a) crude protein (CP); (b) crude fat/ether extract (EE); (c) crude
fib er (CF); (d) ash; (e) calcium (Ca); (f) phosphorus (P); (g) salt (applicable in fIsh
meal); and (h) moisture. Generally, feed s with more protein and fat an d with less fiber
imply quality product. :\[os t labels list the minimum valu es of CP and EE and ma..'{imum
values of CF, ash, and moisture when us ed. Likewise, most tags List both the ma..'{ imum
and minimum guarantees for Ca, P, and salt.

4. Listing of ingredients. Feed tag enumerates the feed ingredients in descending

o rder of quantity used. While th e exact quantities of the ingredients are not generally
gi,-en, th e buyer can ob tain a rough estimate o n the co mposition of the feed .

5. Directions for use. Indicate in the label th e directio ns of usage for feed that
h.b : pecific purpose. Specify the kind of animal and the particular purpose the feed
'ilS for mu lat.ed. For example, th e label of a chicken starter ratio n may indicate that it
shll uld be used fo r chicks age one to 5 weeks.

6. Name and mailing address of the manufacturer. Manufacturers are

respo nsible for the quality and safety of their fe ed . •-\ny failure to meet guaran tees or
any contamination problem incurred from the feed makes the manufacturers liable
for penalties an d damages. For this reason, m anufacturers should be identified clearly
O lt th e bbel.

7. T he registrati n number of the particular kind of feed or feeding stuff.

8. Warnings. \, nen drugs (e.g. antimicro bials, coccidiostats, and dewormers)

have been ad ded to comme rcial tel: I, the label mu st clearly indicate that it is medicated.
T h e Livestock and Poultry Feeds _ ct requires that the nam e of the drug with a listing
of the quantity of active ingredients added b e stated clearly on the tag. In addition,
the tag should state the purpose of m edicatio n, restriction of use, and withdrawal
period for m edicated feed.

9. BAI registration number, control number or batch number, date of

manufacture, an~ expiry date for veterinary product.

264
 Laws R~gu!ating the Compound Feed Industry

INSPECTION AND SAMPLING

In implementing the laws, the R\I's feed/veterinary product inspectors may enter
the premises of any registered feed/veterinary product establishment and inspect
production, sales and other relevant documents at any reasonable time. They should
also be allowed to take small amounts of feed samples for chemical analysis and feed
microscopy. Samples are taken carefully using prescribed methods to ensure that
each sample will be truly representative of the entire "lot" and of each sampled
brand.

"-\nalytical methods for feed evaluation are strictly prescribed. The Livestock
and PouJtry Feeds Act, R.~\. No. 1556 as amended, mandates the government and
private feed laboratories to adopt the methods of analysis published in the Official
Methods of Analysis of the ~\ssociation of Official Agricultural Chemists (A01\C) in
evaluating the quality and safety of raw materials, compound feeds, and feed additives.

CODED SAMPLES

Collected samples from feed manufacturers and suppliers are properly coded and
sent for compliance to animal nutrient and safety requirements to the R\I Central
Feed Analysis Laboratory in Diliman, Quezon City and at Department of ~\griculture's
Regional Feed Laboratories.

Feed samples are analyzed for their nutrient composition (minimum percentage
of crude protein and crude fat, ash, mineral and moisture), purity (absence or presence
of adulterants and other extraneous materials, which are harmful to livestock or man),
and toxicity (using experimental animals). Results of the analysis are returned to the
AFSD for proper decoding and interpretation. Decoded results are being used to
monitor the different feed mills or farms. Feeds failing below minimum standards or
substantially below guarantees and containing substances injurious to the animals,
may be condemned and impounded.

In cases of willful or repeated violations against the law and its IRR, the
registration certificates of erring persons or entities may be temporarily suspended or
cancelled, depending on degree of the violations. Persons responsible for such violations
may also be prosecuted.

265
Chapter X

NUTRIENT STANDARDS FOR MIXED FEEDS

Under the aegis of the Philippine Society of ~\nimal Nutritionists, the R\I's
Animal Feeds Standardization Advisory Committee (~\FSAC) has come out with D~\
~\dministrative Order No. 01, Series of 2008 and its amendment, D ..\ ~\O No. 32,
Series of 2008 and revising corresponding provisions under ~\ No. 1556 entitled
The Livestock and Poultry Feeds ~\ct, the ~\nimal Industry General lvfemorandum
Order No.1, Series of 1975, on Nutrient Standards for Poultry and Livestock Feeds.
Tables 83-86 show the revised nutrient standards for poultry and livestock feeds. The
nutrient standards for complete aquaculture feeds is shown in Table 87.

VETERINARY PRODUCTS

R.~\.3720 as amended by E.o. No. 175, defines veterinary drugs and products
as "any substance, including biological products, applied or administered to food- .
producing companion, aquatic, laboratory and exotic animals, whether used for
therapeutic, prophylactic or diagnostic purposes or modification of physiologic
functions or behaviours." This law is more comprehensive and all-embracing than the
amended R.A. No. 1556 in terms of coverage, registration and quality control
procedures for medicated feed additives and mixed feeds.

WHAT ARE ANIMAL DRUG RESIDUES

Meat and animal products, such as milk and eggs, which are intended for human
consumption may contain some residual amounts of veterinary drugs w ithin their
edible tissues even after harvest. In food animals wherein the manufacturers and
national legislative directions are monitored by the farmer/pro ducer, drug residue
levels are often within the safe limits. The relatively few cases where residue levels
exceed permitted ma.ximum limits were oftentimes attributed to improper use and
these are not allowed legally into the food system.

REQUIRED SAFETY ASSESSMENT TESTS

The toxicity studies required by designated regulatory authorities [e.g., Department

of ~\gricultureJs Bureau of ~\nimal Industry (BAI), National j\leat Inspection Service
(Ni\fIS) and Bureau of Fisheries and ~\quatic Resources (BE\R); and the Department
of Health's Bureau of Food and Drugs (BE-\D)] use similar methods for a range of
chemical types, including human medicines and veterinary medicines. They include
studies to examine acute (single dose) effects and repeated long-term exposure, to

266
 Lows Regulating the Compound Feed Industry

examine specific effects e.g., adverse effects on pregnancy, fertility, reproductive

performance, or ability of the substance to induce cancer (carcinogenicity) or
chromosomal aberration. These are combined with careful clinical observations of
the animals involved, including both external observations and internal organ function.

CRITERIA FOR DRUG SAFETY

Veterinary drugs/pharmaceuticals generally have to satisfy three major criteria

before they can authorized, licensed or approved its use. These are:

• Safety,
• Quality, and
• Efficacy

Most countries, like the Philippines, installed a regulatory system for the approval
and safe use of veterinary medicines.

Before the safety residues can be assessed, appropriate studies on the food-
producing animal are required to identify and quantify the residues. The studies would
stimulate the recommended conditions for the commercial use of the veterinary drug
in animal production.

In addition, acute toxicity studies, with rigorous observations of the experimental

animals, are conducted to provide indications of effects on physiological systems.

Longer term studies are also designed to investigate the effects of repeat dosing.
These studies usually last for 28 days (short term repeat dose studies) or 90 days (sub-
Qhronic studies) and occasionally they may be of lifetime durations. In these studies,
effects (if any) of the medicine on internal organs such as the heart, kidney and lungs
is determined either directly by the examination of tissues or indirectly through clinical
assessment such as blood and urine samples.

SAFE DRUG RESIDUE STANDARDS

Trace amounts of some drug residues may pass into our food through the food
chain and can be detected by the analysis of food products in the laboratory. It is of
paramount importa.nce that there exist safety standards for the food producers to
adhere to.

Veterinary drug residues are regulated in the same way as other chemical residues
in foodstuff. For each approved drug, there is a stablished Maximum Residual Level
(MRL) . The MRL is the ma.'(imum permissible quantity of residues that may still be

267
ChapurX

present in the food product at point sale. The :MRL is set by scientific experts following
a review of the safety data for national governments when approval is given for the
commercial use of the veterinary medicines. The MRL is a trading standard that is
rigorously adhered too through monitoring and surveillance testing programs for both
domestically produced and imported foods. MRLs are intentionally set to be many
times lower than the level directly calculated to be safe from the laboratory animal
safety studies. The application of these additional safety factors to establish an lYffiL
provides another "built in" precautionary measure of safety.

The Acceptable Daily Intake (~illI) is a measure of the quantity of the drug that
can be consumed daily by humans over a lifetime without any known risk to health.
It is expressed in relation to bodyweight. 1illI is usually derived from laboratory studies
and diet trials observing the maximum levels of substance that can be consumed
before any noticeable health effects (NOEL) are observed. The .illI standard, which
take into account variations in the sensitivity level of different groups of people (e.g.
pregnant women or children), has a safety margin added to the NOEL as determined
by laboratory safety studies to allow for such variations within population.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUES

The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives aEFC~ conducts
food safety assessments for residues of veterinary drugs in food. The WHO group of
experts with JEFC\ is responsible for the toxicological evaluation and acceptance of
an ~\DI, while the F~\O group of experts reviews the residue and metabolism studies
relevant for establishing 1fRLs for veterinary drugs.

JEFC\ serves as the scientific advisory body to the F.\O, \VHO, their Member
States, and the Codex AJimentarius Commission (C\q primarily through the Codex
Committee on Food .\dditives and the Codex Committee on Residues of Veterinary
Drugs in Foods regarding the safety of food additives, residues of veterinary drugs,
and contaminants in food.

C\C is an intergovernmental body with over 170 members and established by

the F.\O of the United Nations and the WHO in 1963 within the framework of the
Joint Food Standards Programme. It aims to protect the health of consumers and
ensure fair practices in the food trade. The Commission also promotes coordination
of all food standards work undertaken by international goyernmental and non-
governmental organizations. 99% of the world's population is represented in the C\C.

The Codex Committee on Residues of Veterinary Drugs is the lead agency on

veterinary drugs residues in foods and recommends i\fRLs for yeterinary drugs. Codex

268
 LolliS Regliloting the Compollnd Feed Industry

tvIRLs for Residues of Veterinary Drugs (MRLVO) are not legally binding but are
recommended by the CA.C to be the legally permitted maximum concentrations in or
on a food.

CAC, on its 32nd Session held at the FAO Headquarters in Rome, Italy from 29
June - 4 July 2009, approved the adoption of the Design and Implementation of the
National Regulatory Food Safety .Assurance Programme Associated with the Use of
Veterinary Drugs in Food Producing .Animals.

CLINICAL TRIALS ON VETERINARY PRODUCTS

It is now mandatory under Animal Industry ~\dministrative Order No. 9, Series

of 1994, for veterinary drug and product establishments to observe the guidelines
governing the conduct of clinical trials of veterinary drugs and products. This regulation
concerns the general and scientific principles for the demonstration of efficacy and
for the conduct, performance, and control of clinical trials of veterinary drugs and
products, particularly in the context of authorization of new substances.

FEED SAFETY

To safeguard consumers against any form of toxicity and antibiotic resistance,

the BAI has banned the following drugs for feed inclusion:

• Clenbuterol, Salbutamol, Terbutalin and Pirbuterol- Ban on the use in

food animals of beta-agonist drugs used in human as bronchodilators and tocolytic
agents (0.\ .\dministrative Order No. 14, Series of 2003, dated May 12, 2003);

• Furaltadone, Furazolidone and Nitrofurazone - Declaring a ban/phase-

out of the use of nitrofurans in food-producing animals (OA-DOH Administrative
Order No.2, Series of 2000, dated August 17, 2000);

• Carbadox and Olaquindox - Ban and withdrawal from the market (0.\
.\dministrative Order No.1, Series of 2000 and DOH .\dministrative Order No.
4-A, Series of 2000); and,

• Chloramphenicol- Declaring a ban on the use of chloramphenicol in food-

producing animals (OA Administrative Order No. 60, Series of 1990 and DOH
.\dministrative Order No. 4-.-\, Series of 2000).

269
Chapter X

Impact on the Environment

Clinical trials shall be conducted with due regards on the effect of the product on
the environment, on residues produced in treated animals, and the eventual fate of
animals used for food production.

Quality Control Service

Commercial feed manufacturers are required to establish and maintain quality

control and to retain the services of licensed chemist, an animal nutritionist, and/or
veterinarian to be responsible for the analysis and test of mixed feeds before they are
released for sale to determine their safety and conformity with the feed formula of
the particular feed and feeding stuff.

Likewise, they are required to maintain livestock and aquatic species to be fed
with their manufactured feeds for experimental purposes.

Animal Feed Service Bulletin

BAI publishes the results of analysis of feed samples collected from manufacturers
and dealers in the quarterly paper, Animal Feed Service Bulletin, as part of its public
service to concerned livestock raisers and feed millers. This is given free-of-charge.

Dynamic Laws

Laws regarding the compound feed industry are as vibrant and dynamic as the
industry itself. They change depending on the needs of the industry, but the change is
always for the better. After all, these laws are specifically designed to safeguard everyone
- the producer, trader, end-user and ultimately, the consuming public.

270
 Table 83. Nutrient standards for poultry feeds.

Crude Crude Crude Moisture Calcium Phospbo-

Feed Type Protein* Fat Fiber** (%NMl) (%) rous***
(%NLl) (%NLl) (%NMl) (%NLl)

Broiler Cbickens (Meat Type) .

Chick Booster MashiCrumblelPellet 21.50 4.00 3.50 12.00 0.85-1.l5 0.70
Broiler Starter MashiCrumblelPellet 19.50 5.00 4.50 12.00 0.80-1.l0 0.70
Broiler Finisher MashiCrumblelPellet 18.00 6.00 5.50 12.00 0.80-1.10 0.70
Egg-Type Chickens (Layers)
Chick Starter MashiCrumble/Pellet 18.50 3.00 5.00 12.00 0.90-1.10 0.70
Chicken Grower MashiCrumblelPellet 15.50 3.00 6.00 12.00 0.90-1.10 0.70
Chicken Pre-Lay MashiCrumblelPellet 16.50 4.00 5.00 12.00 1.95-2.05 0.70
Chicken Layer MashiCrumblelPellet No. 1 17.00 5.00 5.00 12.00 3.80-4.20 0.70
Chicken Layer MashiCrumblelPellet No.2 15.50 5.00 5.00 12.00 4.00-4.40 0.70
Ducks
I\) Duck Starter MashiCrumblelPellet 19.00 3.00 4.00 12.00 0.90- \.10 0.70
....... Duck Grower MashiCrumblelPellet 15.50 3.00 6.00 12.00 0.90-\.10 0.70
-II.
Duck Pre-Lay MashiCrumblelPellet 16.00 3.00 6.00 12.00 1.80-2.20 0.70
Duck Layer MashiCrumblelPellet (Premium) 18.50 5.00 5.00 12.00 3.30-3.70 0.70
Duck Layer MashiCrumblelPellet (Regular) 17.50 5.00 6.00 12.00 3.30-3.70 0.70
Thrkeys
Turkey Starter MashiCrumblelPellet 28.00 4.00 8.00 12.00
Turkey Grower MashiCrumblelPellet No. 1 20.00 4.00 10.00 12.00
Turkey Grower MashiCrumblelPellet No. 2 16.00 4.00 10.00 12.00
Turkey Breeder MashiCrumblelPellet 15.00 4.00 10.00 12.00

Note: NLT = Not less than NMT = Not more tha n

*Broiler and layer crude protein can go lower than the standard if formulation is based on digest ible amino acids .
**The Crude Fiber content of the feed can be higher than the standard with the addition of enzyme cellulase .
... The Total Phosphorus content of the feed can be lower than the standard with the addition of phytase.

Note: Aside from cellulase, other fiber-degradi ng enzymes, such as, xylanase, glucanase, mannanase, hemicellulase, pectinase, and galactosidase can be used.
 Table 83 continued ... Q
Crude
Protein*
Crude
Fat
Crude
Fiber**
Moisture
(%NMT)
Calcium
(% )
Phospho-
rous***
1><:
Feed1YPe
(%NLT) (%NLT) (%NMT) (%NLT)

Game Fowls
Chick Booster MashiCrumble/Pellet 22.00 3.00 3.50 12.00 0.90-1.10 0.70
Chick Starter Mash/Crumble Pellet 20.00 3.00 4.50 12.00 0.90-1.10 0.70
Stag Developer MashiCrumblelPellet 16.00 3.00 6.00 12.00 0.90-1.10 0.70
Maintenance MashiCrumblelPellet 15.00 3.00 6.00 12.00 0.90-1.10 0.70
Conditioner MashiCrumblelPellet 18.00 3.00 5.00 12.00 0.90-1.10 0.70
Breeder MashiCrumble/Pellet 17.50 3.00 5.00 12.00 3.80-4.20 0.70
Pigeons
Pigeon MashiCrumble Pellet 18.00 4.00 10.00 13.00
Quails
Quail Starter MashiCrumblelPellet 20.00 6.00 4.50 12.00 . 0.80-1.10 0.70
N Quail Layer MashiCrumblelPellet 19.50 5.00 4.50 12.00 3.30-3.70 0.70
...... Ostrich
N
Starter CrumblelPellet 21.00 3.00 4.00 12.00 1.10-1.30 1.00
Grower CrumbleIPellet 16.50 2.00 7.00 12.00 1.10-1.30 0.90
Finisher CrumblelPellet 16.00 2.00 7.00 12.00 1.10-1.30 0.90
Breeder CrumblelPellet 16.00 2.00 15.00 12.00 2.80-3.20 2.00

Note: NLT = Not less than NMT = Not more than

*Broiler and layer crude protein can go lower than the standard if fonnulation is based on digestible amino acids.
"The Crude Fiber content of the feed can be higher than the standard with the addition of enzyme cellulase.
*.. The Total Ph~lsphorus content of the feed can be lower than the standard with the addition of phytase .
 Table 84. Nutrient standards for swine feeds.

Feed Type Crude Crude Crude Moisture Calcium Phosph()- Lactose

Protein* Fat Fiber** (%NMT) (%) rous*** (%NLT)
(%NLT) (%NLT) (%NMT) (%NLT)

Hog Booster MashiCrumble 20.00 5.00 2.50 12.00 0.90-1.00 0.70 10.00
Hog Pre-starter MashiCrumblelPellet 19.00 4.00 4.00 12.00 0.85-0.95 0.70 5.00
Hog Starter MashiCrumblelPellet 17.50 3.00 5.00 12.00 0.85-0.90 0.70
Hog Grower MashiCrumble!Pellet 16.00 3.00 5.50 12.00 0.75-0.85 0.70
Hog Gestating MashiCrumblelPellet 14.00 3.00 7.00 12.00 0.90-1.00 0.70
Hog Lactating MashiCrumblelPellet 16.00 4.00 6.00 12.00 0.90-1.00 0.70
Hog Finisher MashiCrumblelPellet 13.50 3.00 7.00 12.00 0.70-0.80 0.70

Note: NLT = Not less than NMT = Not more than

N *Swine crude protein can go lower than the standard if formulation is based on digestible amino acids .
...., *-The Crude Fiber content of the feed can be higher than the standard with the addition of enzyme cellulase.
W *** The Total Phosphorus content of the feed can be lower than the standard with the addition of phytase .
Chapter X

Table 85. Nutrient Standards for cattle/buffalo/carabao/sheep/goat feeds.

Feed Type Crude Crude Crude Moisture Calcium Phospho-

Protein Fat Fiber (%NMT) (%) rou s
(%NLT) (%NLT) (%NMT) (0/0 NLT)

Milk Replacer 20.00 4.00 6.00 13.00 1.25 - 1.50 0.60

Cal f Starter Mash!
Crumble/Pellet 18.00 4.00 6.00 13.00 1.25-1.50 0.50
Dairy Concentrate Mash!
CrumblelPellet 16.00 4.00 13.00 1.25 - 1.50 0.40
Cattle/Carabao Concentrate
Mash!CrumblelPellet 13.00 4.00 13.00 1.25 - 1.50 0.40
Sheep/Goat Concentrate
Mash!Crumble/Pellet 13.00 4.00 13.00 1.25-1.50 0.40
Beef Concentrate Mash!
CrumblelPellet 13.00 . 4.00 13.00 1.25 - 1.50 0.40

Note: NLT = Not less than NMT = Not more than

Table 86. Nutrient Standards for equine feeds.

Feed'JYpe Crude Crude Moisture

Protein Fat (%NMT)
(%NLT) (% NLT)

Race Horse Feed Mash!

Crumble/Pellet 13.00 4.0 13.00
Draft Horse Feed Mash/
CrumblelPellet 13.00 4.0 13.00
Range Horse Feed Mash!
Crumble/Pellet 13.00 4.0 13.00

Note: NLT = Not less than NMT = Not more than

274
 Laws Regulating the Compound Feed Industry

Table 87. Nutrient standards for complete aquaculture feeds (Philippine National
Standard, 2010).
Crude protein Crude fat Crude fiber Ash %
Feed Type %NLT %NLT %NLT NMf

I. Prawns/Shrimps
A. P Monodon
a. Larval diet (50) I 4 4 16
b. Fry Mash 38 4 4 16
c. Starter crumble/pellet 37 4 4 16
d. Grower pellet 35 4 4 16
e. Finisher pellet 32 4 5 16
f. Broodstock pellet 2
B. P vannamei
a. Larval diet (50) I 4 4 16
b. Fry Mash 38 4 4 16
c. Starter crumble/pellet 35 4 4 16
d. Grower pellet 30 4 4 16
e. Finisher pellet 26 4 5 16
f. Broodstock pellet 2

II. Finfishes
A. Herbivore/Omnivore fishes (e.g.
Milkfish, Tilapia etc.)
a. Larval diet (38) I 4 5 16
b. Fry Mash 35 4 5 16
c. Pre-Starter crumble/pellet 35 4 5 16
d. Starter crumble/pellet 29 4 8 16
e. Grower pellet 27 4 8 16
f. Finisher pellet 25 4 9 16
g. Broodstock pellet (40) I 4 9 16
B. Pangasius spp.
a. Larval diet
b. Fry Mash 28 4 5 16
c. Starter crumble/pellet 26 4 5 16
d. Grower/juvenile pellet 22 4 6 16
e. Finisher/Adtilt pellet 22 4 6 16
f. BroodstockiBreeder pellet 22 4 5 16

275
Chapter X

Table 87 continued ...

Crude protein Crude fat Crude fiber Ash %
Feed Type %NLT %NLT %NLT NMf

C. Carnivore fishes (e.g. Grouper, etc)

a. Larval diet (48) I 8 6 16
b. Fry Mash 44 8 6 16
c. Starter crumble 40 8 6 16
d. Grower pellet 38 8 6 16
e. Finisher pellet 35 8 6 16
f. Broodstock pellet 2 (44) I

Legend : NLT - Not less than NMT - Not more than

I values are requirement levels

1 no existing feed type in the market
) the following protein levels (%) suggested for supplemental feeds for Milkfish for ponds are a) starter crumble
30, b) grower pellet 28 and c) finisher 27

REFERENCES
Philippine College of Veterinary Feed Practitioners. 2000. Philippine compendium on
feed and l'etelinary drug iaJJ'S.

Department of "-\griculture - Administrative Order No.1 Revised Nutrient Standards

for .-\nimal Feeds. January 8, 2008.

Department of Agriculture - Administrative Order No. 32 Series of 2008 .

•-\mendments to Administrative Order No.1 Series of 2008. Nov. 18, 2008.

Philippine National Standard. D.-\. - Bureau of "-\griculture and Fisheries Product

Standards, .-\quaculture Feeds. 2010.

276
 CHAPTER XI
DESCRIPTION OF SOME
NUTRITIONAL PRODUCTS

THIS CHAPTER IS a compilation of some registered animal nutrition products

in the Philippines. A total of 374 products are listed and classified under different
categories. Each product is provided with essential information, particularly the
description, composition, indications, dosage, and packaging. These are relevant to
the animal nutritionists, livestock, and poultry raisers, fish and shrimp growers, feed
and feed additive manufacturers, and students. For easy reference, the product
manufacturers, distributors and suppliers are also indicated.

PHILSAN hopes that this chapter will serve as a useful guide in selecting the
appropriate product to increase livestock productivity and enhance production
efficiency.
277
Chapter XI ACIDIFIER

ACID LAC Dry BAI No. FA-128

Company: Kemin Philippines

Manufacturer: Kemin Industries (Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore
Distributor: Litogo Co., Inc.

Composition: A pleasant blend of fumaric, lactic, citric, propionic, and formic

acids and silica carrier.
Description: Light brown to brown powder with mild acidic odor. Has pH of
1.5-2.5 when dissolved in 10% solution.
Indications: For protection against harmful gut bactena as E. coli, for reduction
of diarrhea cases in piglets, supports growth of favorable gut bacteria
Ladobadlli spp., serves as suitable support to antibiotic, can also be
used as alternative to antibiotic growth promoter, assists in pH
modulation in the stomach, improves protein digestibility and
increases feed shelflife.
Dosage: Use at 3-5kg per ton of fmished feed.
Storage: lbe product should be stored in cool, dry place away from direct
sunlight. Keep packaging closed when not in use.
Packaging: 25kg bag

ACID LAC Liguid BAI No. FA-028

Company: Kemin Philippines

Manufacturer: Kemin Industries (Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore
Distributor: Litogo Co., Inc.

Composition: A pleasant blend of fumaric, lactic, citric, prop mic, and formic
acids in liguid form.
Descriptioo: Brown opaque liquid WIth acidic odor and pH of 1-~.
Indications: For protection against harmful gut bacteria as E. coli, for reduction
of diarrhea case~ in piglets, supports growth of favorable gut bacteria
Ladr'/'t1Li!1i JJ>l'" , S,-'f\"CS .~ ~ " "Iit,lh ' support to antibiotic, (" ,IJl also be
uscd as alternatn'e to dlltllHotlC growth promoter, assists in pH
modulation in the stomach, improves protein digestibility and
increases feed shelf life.
Dosage: Use in drinking water at 1-2kg per 10001. of water.
Use in fmished feed at 3-Skg per ton.
Storage: The product should be stored 111 cool, dry place away from direct
sWllight. Keep packaging closed when not in use.
Packaging: 200L and 1l\IT plastic tank

278
Description oj Some Nutntional Products ACIDIFIER

ACID PAK 4WAY 2X'" BAI No. VRI 05-2469

Company: Alltech Biotechnology Corporation, Inc.

Manufacturer: Alltech, Inc., USA

Composition: Citric Acid, Sodiwn chloride, ~fal todextrin, Potassiwn chloride, Silicon
dioxide, Natural and Artificial Flavors, Sodium saccharin, Sorbic
acid, Sodiwn citrate, Zinc sulfate, Iron sulfate, Jv[agnesiwn sulfate,
Dried Aspergillus niger Fermentation Extract, Dried Bacillus subtilis
Fermentation Extract, Dried Ladobatillus acidophilus Fermentation
Product and Dried Enterocol"C1'(s faetium Fermentation Product
Description: Acid Pak 4Way 2X'" is a white water soluble free flowing powder
with a pleasant aroma. It aids in protein digestion and helps maintain
a low pH for optimwn digestive enzyme activity and establish a
healthy population of gut microbes.
Indication: Acid Pak 4Way 2X'M is an organic acidifier for addition to feed or
drinking water for livestock and poultry.
Dosage: O.5g/li in drinkillg water or 1 kg/t in feeds
Storage: Store in a cool, dry place. Open containers should be resealed. Shelf
ltfe under these conditions is 18 months.
Packaging: Box of 20 x 1kg pouches

ACIDAL NC BAI No. FA-240

Company: Nuevo Milenio, Inc.

Manufacturer: Impextraco NY, Belgium
Distributor: Nuevo Milenio, Inc

Composition: Formic, acetic, propioniC, lactlc, fumaric, citric, ortho-phosphoric

acids and their salts on a siltcate carrier, oregano extr"J.ct and emulsifiers .
Description: .\cidal NC is characterized as an off-white to brown free-flowing
powder with aCidic smell .
Indication: Usc to compensate the physiological hydrochloric acid deficiency in
the stomach of young animals and to control the intestinal pathogenic
bact na
Dosage: Depends on the buffer capacity of the feed, at least 3 kg/ton of
feed IS reconunended
Storage: Store in a dry, cool place 10 the original sealed packaging, keep away
from mois ture
Packaging: 25 kg 10 kraft paper bag.

279
Chapter XI ACIDIFIER

DIGESTOCAP BAI No. VRl10-3811

Company: Philchema, Inc.

Manufacturer: . Industrial Tecnica Pecuaria S.A. , Spain
Distributor: Philchema, Inc.

Composition: Orthophosphoric acid, Fumaric acid, Citric acid, and silica carrier.
Description: A physiologic supplement in powder form, based on an inorganic
acid combined with different organic acids, designed for animal
feeding.
Indication: Allows gastrointestinal tract to reach optimum pH for feed digestion.
Saturate the buffer capacity of feed proteins. Stimulate feed intake.
Creates a barrier to pathogenic microorganisms. Source of available
phosphorus (16.5%)
Dosage: Swine: Booster and Pre-Starter - 1 to 2 kg/1.1T
Storage: Keep in dry, cool place.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

EUROACID 68 PLUS BAI No. VR196-423

Company: Eurotec Nutrition Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Eurotec Nutrition, France

Composition: Optimum combination of Orthophosphoric Acid, Citric Acid,

Fumaric Acid, Malic Acid plus carrier.
Description: ~ricro-granulated, free-flowing, non-hygroscopic white powder with
a slight citric smell .
Indication: Improves feed conversion ratio by promoting effective digestion
through compensation for physiological deficiency of hydrochloric
acid in the stomach, prevents diarrhea and uncontrolled proliferation
of pathogenic microbes and minimizes consequences of weaning
stress in piglets, improves feed conversion ratio in fattening pigs and
ruminants, improves nutrient utilization in poultry and prevents
enterotoxaemias in rabbits.
Dosage: Piglets and other young animals: 1.5-2.0 kg per ton; Milk replacers:
1.0- 1.5 kg per ton; Fattening pigs : 0.5-1.0 kg per ton;
Poultry: 1.0-1.5 kg per ton; Ruminants, rabbits: 1.5-2.0 kg per ton
Storage: Store in a dry place away from direct sunlight and always keep
package well closed . The product can be stored for 36 months
without changes in appearance and composition at the recommended
storage conditions: i-35°C
Packaging: Packed in 25 kg bags with polyethylene liner

280
Desmption of Some Nutntional Products ACIDIFIER

ElIROACID LF 60 PLUS BAI No. FA-120

Company: Eurotec Nutrition Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Global Nutrition International, France

Compositiorr. Optimum combination of Lactic Acid, Formic Acid, Propionic Acid

and Acetic acid.
Description: \V'hite free-flowing powder
Indication: Euroacid LF 60 Plus is a broad-spectrum, multi-acid association
with strong inhibitory activity against gram-negative bacteria. It
provides acidifying strength, antibacterial activity and nutritional value.
Improves zoo technical results and an important management tool
for consistent high performance.
Dosage: Piglets: 2.0-2.5 kg per ton; Mature pigs: 0.5-1.0 kg per ton; Broilers:
0.5-1.5 kg per ton; 1-lilk replacers: 1.0-2.5 kg per ton
Storage: Store in a dry place away from direct sunlight and always keep
package well closed. The product can be stored for 36 months
without changes in appearance and composition at the recommended
storage conditions: 20°C - 30°C, 20-90% humidity.
Packaging: Packed in 25 kg bags with polyethylene lining

GALLIACID BAI No. VRI 03-1825

Company: Jefo Nutrition, Quebec, Canada

Manufacturer: Jefo Nutrition, Quebec, Canada
Distributor: NewGen Marketing Inc.

CompositiOJl: Fumaric acid, Ca propionate, Ca formate, K sorbate

Description: A coated and protected blend of organic acids and salts, protected
by micro encapsulation, which modulates GI micro flora by delivering
the acids in a non-dissociated form, acts as anti-salmonella, E. fo!i c.
petjringens and other pathogenic organism found in the GIT. ?\£ay
replace antibiotic growth promoters in the feeds and reserves for
therapeutic use.
Indication: Used in poultry feeds.
Dosage: 300-600 g/ ton of feeds
Storage: Keep container well sealed after opening. Store in dry and clean area
Packaging: Bag of 25 kg.

281
Chapter XI ACIDIFIER

GLOBACID 68 PLUS BAI No. VRI 06-2660

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: Global Nutrition International, France

Composition: Phosphoric ~>\cid, Citric ~>\cid

Description: Micro-granulated, free flowing, non-hygroscopic off-white powder.
Indication: Improves feed conversion efficiency; promotes efficient digestion
in the stomach, thus reducing incidence of diarrhea
Dosage: Swine, piglets and calves: 2 to 4 kg per metric ton
Fattening: 1 to 2 kg per metric ton
Poultry: 1 to 1.5 kg per metric ton
Broilers: 1.5 to 2 kg per metric ton for the first 3 weeks
Storage: Store in a dry place away from direct sunlight and always keep
package well closed. The product can be stored for three years the
recommended storage conditions without changes in appearance
and composition: 2°C - 30°C, at 20-90% humidity..
Packaging: Packed in 25 kg bags with polyethylene liner.

GLOBACID LF 60 PLUS BAI No. VRI 06-2659

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: Global Nutrition International, France

Composition: Formic Acid, Lactic Acid

Description: Free flowing off-white powder with pungent acid odor
Indication: Improves feed conversion efficiency; promotes efficient digestion
in the stomach, thus reducing incidence of diarrhea.
Dosage: Swine:
Booster/prestarter diet: 3 to 5 kg per metric ton of feed
Starter diet: 2 to 5 kg per metric ton of feed
Finisher (25-60 kg body wt): 1 to 1.5 kg per metric ton of feed
Broilers (first 3 weeks): 1.5 to 2.5 kg per metnc ton of feed
Milk Replacers: 1 to 2.5 kg per metric ton
Storage: Store in a dry place away from direct sunlight and always keep
package well closed. The product can be stored for three years the
recommended storage conditions without changes in appearance
and composition: 2°C - 30°C, at 20-90% humidity.
Packaging: Packed in 25 kg bags with polyethylene liner.

282
Dumption of Some Nutritional Prodmts ACIDIFIER

GlOBACID lFPA BAI No. VRI 06-2658

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: Global Nutrition International, France

Composition: Lactic, Fo rmic, Propionic and Acetic Acids

Description: Light brown powder with strong acid smell,
Indication: Improves feed conversion efficiency; promotes efficient digestion
in the stomach, thus reducing incidence of diarrhea.
Dosage: Swine: Pre-starter: 3 to 3.5 kg /},IT of feed
Starter: 1 to 2.5 kg/l\ IT of feed
Poultry: 1 to 3 kg /MT of feed
Storage: Store in a dry place away from direct sunlight and always keep
package well closed. The product can be sto red for three years the
recommended storage conditions without changes in appearance
and composition: 2°C - 30°C, at 20-90% humidity.
Packaging: Packed in 25 kg bags with polyethylene liner.

GlOBACID OPCl BAI No. VRI 06-2657

Company: Sybex Animal Healtb & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: Global Nutrition International, France

Composition: Orthophosphoric, Citric and Lactic I\c ids

Description: l\Ecro-granulated, free flowing, non-hygroscopic off-white powder
Indication: Improves feed conversion efficiency; promotes efficient digestion
in the stomach, thus reducing incidence of diarrhea.
Dosage: Pre-starter: 3 to 5 kg/1fT of feed
Starter : 3 to 4 kg/MT of feed
Fatteners : 1 to 2 kg/1 fT of feed
Breeders: 1 to 2 kg/l\.[T of feed
Storage: Store in a dry pl ace away from direct sunlight and always keep
package well closed. The product can be stored for three years the
recommended storage conditions without changes in appearance
and composition: 2°C - 30°C, at 20-90% humidity.
Packaging: Packed in 25 kg bags with polyethylene liner.

283
Chapter XI ACIDIFIER

LATIBON BAI No. FA - 495

Company: Bayer Animal Health

Manufacturer: Lanxess, Germany
Distributor: Available nationwide at any authorized Bayer distributor

Composition: Formic acid in calciwn -based carrier

Description: A creamy white free flowing fme powder with slight acid odor
Indication: As feed or water additive to acidify the digestive system of piglets
and improve protein digestibility and as antibacterial against E. coli
and Salmonella for poultry and swine .
Dosage: In Piglets
As an acidifier 5 to 10 kg/ton feed
A.s antibacterial 2 to 3 kg/ ton feed
In Sows:
As an acidifier-antibacterial - 5 to 10 kgs/ton feed
In Poultry:
Layers 1.5 to 3 kg/ton
Broilers 2 to 3 kg/ ton
In Drinking Water
6 - 18 grams/gallon continuously
Packaging: 25 kg kraft bag

LATIBON PLUS ME BAI No. FA - 486

Company: Bayer Animal Health

Manufacturer: Dr. Eckel GmbH, Germany
Distributor: Available nationwide at any authorized Bayer distributor

Composition: Formic acid, citric aCid, lactic acid and theIr calcium salts,
orthophosphoric acid, micro-encapsulated acids (malic, sorbic,
fumaric and citric) and essential oils
Description: A creamy white free flowing powder with slight herbal aroma
Indication: For the acidification of the delicate digestive system of piglets and
improvement of protem digestibility in the gut as well as an
antibacterial against E.mli and Salmonella especially in poultry feeds .
Dosage: Creep feed: 3kg/ton; Pre-starter feed: 2kg/ton;
Broiler starter: 3kg/ton: Broiler finisher/layer: 1kg/ton
Packaging: 25 kilos in laminated kraft bag

284
Description 0/ Some Nutritional Prodllcts ACIDIFIER

LUPRO-MIX NC BAI No. FA-166

Company: BASF Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: BASF SE, Germany
EJistributor: Carrington Trading, Inc.

Composition: Contains 34% propionic acid, 5% ammonium propionate, 15%

propionic acid, 26% ammonium formate
Description: Colorless to pale yellow liquid with faint characteristic odor, non-
flammable & completely miscible w / water, pH value is approx 4.
Indications: Lupro-l\fix NC is used to reduce microbial counts in feed and In
drinking water. It is effective in improving hygiene status in liquid
feeding units. It can be used as a preservative for moist grain,
compound feed and whole and ground feed ingredients. I t is also
used for ensiling com, com cob mix, crushed gram and forage. It
promotes lactic acid fermentation and suppresses the formation of
butyric acid. As a result, the aerobic stability of the silage is improved.
Dosage: For drinking water and liquid feeding: 0.1-0.25%; For complete feed:
up to 8 kg/l\1T; For silage production: up to 4 kg/MT
Storage: If properly stored in a dry, cool and well ventilated place, original
package can be kept for at least 36 months. The package should be
carefully sealed again after partial amounts have been withdrawn.
Packaging: 200 kg PE drum

SCHAUMACID DRINK C BAI No. VRI 08 - 3258

Company: NewGen Marketing Inc.

Manufacturer: Schaumann Agri International GmbH, Germany
Distributor: NewGen Marketing Inc.

Composition: Combination of buffered organic acids (formIC, propionic, lactic,

citric and acetic)
Description: Buffered fluid acid mixture based on ammonia consisting of formIC,
lactic, propionic, sorbic and citric acid for the applicat.ion to drinking
water and feed mixture of piglets, sows and poul try.
Indication: Feed additive for the promotion of heal th and performance of
pigs and poultry.
Dosage: Administer to the following: to piglets at 2 to -+ kg/ton, to fattening
pigs and sows at 2 kg/ton, to poultry at 0.5 to 2 kg/ ton and at
periods of stress up to 4 kg/ton.
Storage: Keep cool and dry place
Packaging: 1 gallon, 210 kg drum, 1000 kg container
285
Chapter XI ACIDIFIER

SCHAUMACID PROTECT GRANULATE SAl No. VRI 08 - 3158

Company: NewGen Marketing Inc.

Manufacturer: Schaumann Agri InternationaL GmbH, Germany
Distributor: NewGen Marketing Inc.

Composition: The acid mixture consisting of formic acid, lactic acid, propionic
acid, sorbic acid, MCFA, beer yeast and chicory.
Description: Is an effective combination of formic, lactic, propionic, sorbic and
citric acid as well as of middle chained fatty acids (lvfCFA). By the
balanced combination of short and middle chained fatty acids gram
positive as well as gram negative bacteria are inhibited and regulated.
Indication: For the support of the heal th status and performance of pigs and
poultry.
Dosage: Administer to the following: to piglets at 5 to 10 kg/ton, to fattening
pigs at 3 to 6 kg/ton, to gestating sows at 3 to 6 kg/ton, to lactating
sows at 5 to 7 kg/ton and to poultry at 2 kg/ton .
Storage: Keep cool and dry place.
Packaging: 25 kg bags.

TEGACID AVL ( liquid) SAl No. VRI 09 - 3446

Company: Prom ax International

Manufacturer: Tegasa Tecnica Ganadera S.L., Spain

Composition: Lactic Acid, Formic Acid, Propionic A.cid , VE,\ Derivatives -

.i'\monium Butyrate
Description: Tegacid AVL is a liquid acidifier, a synergic combination of organic,
inorganic acids and Volatile Fatty ..kids, in free form or as salts easy
to dissociate.
Indications: Acidifier, increasing digestibility of proteins, and stimulating the
growth of lactobacilli in the crop and regulating the microflora in
the gut. Better digestibility of Ca and P caused by increasing solubility
of that minerals. Growth Promoter, increasing the length of the
intestinal villi, favoring the absorption of nutrients and the regeneration
of intestinal cells. Bactencidal, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic
microorganisms at intestinal level. Fungistatic, through the decrease
of the pH of the feed on which it is applied.
Dosage: Poultry: 0.5 to lL / lOOOL water or 0.5 to 1L / ton feed
Pig: lL / lOOOL water; 1 L/ ton feed
Precaution: _\yoid the direct inhalation, may cause irritation on prolonged
exposure.

286
Description of Some NutritionaL Products ACIDIFIER

TETRACID BAI No. VRI 03-1833

Company: NewGen Marketing Inc.

Manufacturer: Jefo Nutrition, Quebec, Canada
Distributor: NewGen Marketing Inc.

Composition: Citric acid, fumaric acid, malic acid and orthophosporic acid
Description: Coated and protected mixture of organic acids which maintains its
non-dissociated form that has the capability to modulate the GI
micro flora. Increases the average dai!y feed intake, average daily
gain, and the overall performance of the piglets. Reduces the vaginal
discharges in the sows due to high microbial load. ~[ay replace
antibiotic growth promoters and reserves for therapeutic use.
Indication: I t delivers the acids in their non-dissociated form, which is capable
to modulate the GIT flora.
Dosage: Piglets: 1-2 kg/ton of feeds. Sows : 2 kg/ton of feeds
Storage: Keep container well sealed after opening. Store in dry and clean area
Packaging: Bag of 25 kg.

VEVOVITALL® BAI No. VR104-2141

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: DSM Special Products, Rotterdambotlek, Netherlands

Composition: Contains a minimum of 99.9% benzoic acid

Description: Vevo Vitall® consists of white flakes of benzoic acid
Indications: For the reduction in ammonia emission from urine of pigs. For the
improvement in production performance of piglets, grower and
finisher pigs.
Dosage: Add 5 to 10 kg per ton of swine feed
Storage: VevoVitall® may be stored for 24 months from the date of
manufacture in the unopened, original container and at a temperature
below 25°C. Temperatures above 40°C should be avoided in order
to prevent caking. The stacking of Vevo Vitali for long periods is not
recommended.
Packaging: 25 kg polyethylene bag

287
Chapter XI ACIDIFIER

ZENACIDS BAI No. VRI 04-2178

Company: Pfizer Inc. - Chino Roces Avenue, Makati City

Manufacturer: Sunzen Corporation Sdn Bhd - 40200 Shah Alam, Selangor
State, Malaysia

Composition: Each Kilogram contains formic acid, phosphoric acid, lactic acid,
citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid 48.87 w /w (%), excipients q .s. ad
100 w/w(%).
Description: Zenacid is a fme, light grey to light amber powder citrus odor and
acidic taste.
Indication: To improve digestion and nutrient absorption; to increase weight
gain and improve feed conversion efficiency; Reduce diarrhea in
piglets; Reduce horseflies; and product dry, odorless feces in swine
and poul try.
Dosage: Poultry: Broilers/Layers and Breeders: mix 1.5 kg per ton of fmished
feeds. Native Chicken and Ducks: mix 2 kg per ton of finished
feeds. Swine: Pre-starter: mix 1.5 kg per ton of finished feeds .
. Growers: j\[ix 1.0 kg per ton of finished feeds. Breeders: i\.[ix 1.0 kg
per ton of finished feeds.
Storage: Store at room temperature 25-35°C; Store opened bag in dry place
to prevent caking
Packaging: 25 kg bag

AMINO ACID

ADM L-LYSINE BAI No. FS-044

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: Archer Daniels Midland, Illinois, USA

Composition: L-Lysine 78.8%, HCI 19.7%, moisture content 1.5%, crude protein
eguiv to 94.4%
Indication: Nutritive supplement to meet the lysine requirement and improve
animal growth and carcass quality.
Dosage: Added to animal diets to supply the difference between the actual
lysine from feed ingredients in a given diet and the actual lysine
requirement of the animal for a given performance.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

288
Descnption of Some NJltritional Products AMINO ACID

BIOLYS® BAI No. FS-035

Company: Evonik Degussa GmbH Philippines Representative Office

Manufacturer: Evonik Degussa Corporation at Midwest Lysine Plant, Blair,
Nebraska, USA

Composition: 50.7% L-Iysine activity; Energy: t-lE Swine (4220kcal/kg), Poultry

(4070 kcal/kg); NE Swine (3160 kcal/kg);
Crude protein (N x 6.25) = =
7 5% ; Av. Phosphorus 0.16%
Description: Biolys® is a light brown, dust-free, free-flowing granulate with a high
bulk density and excellent handling and processing properties. It
contains a minimwn of 50.7% digestible L- Lysine and all the co-
products from the fermentation process that are valuable for nutrition.
Indication: Biolys® serves for the adequate supply of the essential amino acid
lysine.
Dosage: As formulated.
Storage: Biolys® has a shelf life of 2 years from the date of manufacture if
stored in cool (5° to 30°C) and dry (20 to 75 % relative humidity)
place in unopened original packaging.
Packaging: Valve type paper bag, multiwall, 25 kg net; Bulk bag / FIBC, 500
- 1000 kg net

L-LYSINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE BAI No. FS - 005

(98.5% FEED GRADE)

Company: Ajinomoto Philippines Corporation

Manufacturer: Ajinomoto Co., (Thailand) Ltd.

Composition: Lysine content, 78.0% minimwn by Amino acid analyzer

Description: L-Lysine Monohydrochloride 98.5% Feed Grade is produced by
fermentation from cassava starch hydrolysates or sugar.
Physical description is white to pale yellow crystals.
Indication: ~ is one of numerous amino acids that the body needs for
growth and tissue repair. This product is intended only for animals
and should not be used in hwnan products or hwnan consumption.
Dosage: Add 1.5 kg to 3.5 kg per ton of feed for piglet; add 1.0 kg to 3.0
kg per ton of feed for growing-finishing swine; add 1.0 kg
to 2.5 kg per ton of feed for broiler
Storage: Store in dry conditions in a sealed or closed container and protected
from light. Avoid source of combustion.
Packaging: 25-kg PE bag with plastic layer.

289
Chapter XI AMINO ACID

DL-METHIONINE FEED GRADE BAI No. FS-034I1 00/095

Company: Evonik Degussa GmbH Philippines Representative Office

Manufacturer: Evonik Degussa Antwerp, Belgium (FS-034)
Evonik Degussa GmbH, Wesseling Germany (FS-IOO)
Evonik Degussa Corporation, Theodore, Alabama, USA (FS-
095)

Composition: 99% methionine activity

Description: DL-Methionine is a white to yellowish crystalline powder synthesized
from petrochemical raw materials using an environmentally friendly
patented proprietary process known as the carbonate process.
Indication: Particularly for use in monogastrics. DL-Methionine Feed Grade
ensures the adequate supply of sulfur amino acids, especially of the
essential methionine.
Dosage: As formulated.
Storage: DL-:tYrethionine Feed Grade has a shelf life of 5 years from
manufacturing date if stored in cool (5° to 30° q and dry (20 to 75
% relative humidity) place in unopened original packing..
Packaging: Valve type paper bag 2-ply + plastic @m, 25 kg net
Bulk bag / FIBC PP coated, 1000 kg net / 750 kg net

RHODIMET AT88 SAl No. FS-002

Company: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Manufacturer: ADISSEO France S.A.S
Distributor: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Composition: DL-methionine hydroxy acid analogue 88% (min)

Description: Rhodimet™ AT88 is DL-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-thiobutanoic acid, an
analogue of DL-methionine. It is added to poultry and animal feeds .
It is a concentrated liquid source of methio-nine, particularly intended
for high-capacity factories favoring the direct incorpo-ration of
methionine in to feeds.
Indication: Routine inclusion of methionine in animal feeds particularly for
poultry where it is considered as the 1st limiting amino acid, allows
animals to meet their requirement as well as reduction in feed cost.
Dosage: i\.ddition through Rhodimet™ Liquid Addition System at 1-3 kg/
ton of feed, depending on feed formulation
Storage: Store in a cool dry place. Shelf-life: 24 months
Packaging: 250-Kg drum

290
Description oj Some Nutritional Produtts AMINO ACID

RHODIMET NP99 BAI No. FS-001

Company: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Manufacturer: ADISSEO France S.A.S
Distributor: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Composition: DL-methionine 99%.

Description: Rhodimet™ NP99 is a pure DL-methionine intended for the
production of animal feed. It is provided in the form of powder. It
can be easily used in premix factories and in feed factories equipped
with a system for micro-ingredients
Indication: Routine inclusion of methionine in animal feeds particularly for
poultry where it is considered as the 1st limiting amino acid, allows
animals to meet their requirement as well as reduction in feed cost
Dosage: 1 to 3 kg/ton of feed, depending on feed formulation.
Storage: Store in a cool dry place . Shelf-life: 60 months
Packaging: 25-Kg bag

L-THREONINE 98.5% FEED GRADE BAI No. FS - 103

Company: Ajinomoto Philippines Corporation

Manufacturer: Ajinomoto Heartland LLC, USA

Composition: 1-Threonine content 98% on a dry matter

Description: Physical description is White to off-white granule
Indication: 1-Threonine is an indispensable amino acid as well as the third limiting
amino acid in most poultry and swine diets [beyond Lysine and
1Iethionine]. This product is intended only for animals and should
not be used in human products or human consumption.
Dosage: Add 1.0 kg to 1.5 kg per ton of feed for piglet
Add 0.3 kg to 1.5 kg per ton of feed for Growing - fmishing swine
Add 0.2 kg to 1.0 kg per ton of feed for broiler
Storage: Store in dry conditions in a sealed or closed container and protected
from light. Avoid source of combustion.
Packaging: 25-kg bag

291
Chapter XI AMINO ACID

ADM L-THREONINE BAI No. FS-045

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: Archer Daniels Midland, Illinois, USA

Composition: L-threonine min 98.5%.

Indication: j\fixing w / animal rations to ensure intake of the correct levels of
threonine w / c plays a crucial role in skeletal muscle growth, formation
and activity of digestive and immune proteins.
Dosage: j\[ix the needed amount as determined by the formulation.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

L-THREONINE BAI No. FS-036

Company: Evonik Degussa GmbH Philippines Representative Office

Manufacturer: Evonik Fermas, Slovenska, L'upca, Slovakia

Composition: 98.5% purity

Description: L-Threonine Feed Grade is a beige to light brown crystalline powder
that serves for the adequate supply of the essential amino acid
threonine. I t is produced in a fermentation process using high-potential
microbial strains.
Indication: Apart from being an essential element in protein synthesis, L-threonine
plays an important role in feather synthesis, gut, health and immune
system. A considerable deficiency in threonine is observed in protein
reduced diets for piglets and growing pigs based on high grain
content, that are optimized for an ecologically desirable low nitrogen
excretion.
Dosage: As formulated .
Storage: L-Threonine beed Grade should be kept cool and dry in w10pened
original packing. Storage conditions of 5° to 30°C and 20 to 75 %
relative hwnidity are recommended. Under these conditions its active
content is guaranteed for 5 years from the manufacturing date. '111e
manufacturing date is part of the lot nwnber on the package label.
Packaging: Valve type paper bag 2 ply one line PE-coated, 25 kg net
Bulk bag / FIBC + PE inlet, 1001) kg net / son kg net

292
Description of Some Nutritional Products AMINO ACID

L-TRYPTOPHAN BAI No. FS-037

Company: Evonik Degussa GmbH Philippines Representative Office

Manufacturer: Evonik Fermas, Slovenska, L'upca, Slovakia

Composition: 98% purity

Description: L-Tryptophan Feed Grade is a white to light grey crystalline powder.
Indication: Tryptophan is a well known protein-forming (proteinogenic) amino
acid. Use in low protein diets for pigs with high contents of grain
that may be deficient in tryptophan. An optimal tryptophan content
enhances feed intake, weight gain and animal performance, particular
in the starter phase of livestock production .
Dosage: •-1.S formulated.
Storage: L-Tryptophan Feed Grade has a shelf life of 3 years from
manufacturing date if kept in cool (5° to 30°C) and dry (20 to 75 %
relative humidi ty) place in unopened original packing.
Packaging: Paper bag 2 ply and one line PE-coated, 10 kg net

L-TRYPTOPHAN 98 % FEED GRADE BAI No. FS - 007

Company: Ajinomoto Philippines Corporation

Manufacturer: Ajinomoto Eurolysine S.A.S., France

Composition: L- Tryptophan content 99% on a dry matter

Description: L-Tryptophan 98 % Feed Grade is produced by fermentation from
natural raw materials of agricultural origin (such as beet molasses or
starch hydrolysates) . Physical description is white to pale yellow
crystals
Indication: L-Tryptophan 98% Feed Grade" is used to supplement feeds in
order to meet the digestible tryptophan requirement of animals. It is
particularly suitable for young pigs, because it helps to improve feed
intake, growth rate and feed efficiencyThis product is intended only
for animals and should not be used in human products or human
consumption .
Dosage: Add 0.5 kg to 1.0 kg per ton of feed for piglet
Add 0.1 kg to 0.5 kg per ton of feed for growing - finishing swine
;\dd 0.1 kg to 05 kg per ton of feed for broiler
Storage: Store in dry conditions in a scaled or closed container and protected
from light. A.void source of combustion.
Packaging: 10-kg bag

293
Chapter XI AMINO ACID

L-VALINE FEED GRADE BAI No. FS -116

Company: Ajinomoto Philippines Corporation

Manufacturer: Ajinomoto Eurolysine S.A.S., France

Composition: L- Valine 98% on dry matter

Description: L-Valine Feed Grade is produced by fermentation from raw materials
of agricultural origin. Physical description is whitish crystalline
powder.
Indication: Valine is one of the amino acids for pigs and poultry that have to be
supplied in the feed because animals are unable to synthesize it. Its
main biological function is its involvement in the synthesis of muscle
protein; in other words, growth performance. This product is
intended only for animals and should not be used in human products
or human consumption.
Dosage: -".dd 0.5 kg to 2.5 kg per ton of feed for piglet
Add 0.2 kg to 1.5 kg per ton of feed for growing - flOishing swine
Add 0.1 kg to 1.5 kg per ton of feed for broiler
Storage: Store in dry conditions in a sealed or closed container and protected
from light. Avoid source of combustion.
Packaging: L-Valine 15-kg bag

ANTICOCCIDIAL

KOKCISAN BAI No. VRI-05-2271

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: KRKA-Slovenia

Composition: Salinomycin Sodium 120g (12%)

Description: Highly stable grayish brown, free-flowing, non -dusty micro-
granulated premix developed for inclusion in broiler feeds containlOg
120 grams per kilogram (12%) Salinomycin Sodium.
Indication: An aid in the prevention of ceacal and intestinal coccidiosis in broiler
chickens caused by Eimeria acenulina, E. brunetti, E.hagani, E. ma. :\'z'ma,
E. mimti, E. necatrix, E, praecox , and E. tene/Ia
Dosage: Add 500 g Kokcisan to each ton of feed in order to provide 60 mg
salinomycin per kg of finished feed. To be given from day one (1)
up to five (5) days before slaughter.
Storage: Store at 0-35°C, up to 70% relative humidity.
Packaging: 25 kg bags

294
DeJcnption of Some Nutritiona/ Products ANTICOCCIDIAL

ROBENIDINE HCI 6.6% (Robistat 6.6%) BAI No. VRI 01-1115

Company: Agrimate, Inc.

Manufacturer: Union Quimico Farmaceutica, S.A., Spain
Distributor: Agrimate, Inc.

Composition: Contains 66 grams of pure Robenidine HcI in each kilogram

Description: Robistat 6.6% Feed Grade is a broad spectrum anticoccidial which
when fed continuously during the starter stage is highly effective
against all major species of Eimen'(J spp which infect chickens and
turkeys.
Dosage: Mix 500g of Robistat 6.6% with 1 ton of feeds to supply 33ppm
Robenidine.
Packaging: 25 kilograms per bag

ANTIMICROBIAL

UNCOMIX 44 G/KG BAI No. VRI 04-2145

Company: Pfizer Inc. - Chino Roces Avenue, Makati City

Manufacturer: Pharmacia and Upjohn-Suzhou Animal Health Products Co.
Ltd-China .

Composition: Each l-(j\ogram contains lincomycin (as lincomycin hydrochloride)

44grams, mineral oil 10 grams, rice husk gs ad. 1000 grams.
Description: Lincomycin Hydrochloride is a grayish white to light brown po\.vder
which has a cereal order
Indication: Swine: For the treatment and control of 1Iycoplasma pneumonia.
For the treatment and control of Swine Dsentery and Ilietis (porcine
Proliferative Enteropathy) . Poultry: For the control of nectrotic
enteritis caused by or complicated by (]Qstodjum spp or other
organisms susceptible to Lincomycin.
Dosage: For the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia add 220grams of
antibiotic of lincomycin per ton of complete feed. For control of
mycoplasma pneumonia add 22 to 88 grams antibiotic oflincomycin
pet ton of complete feed . For the treatment of dysentery: feed 110
grams of antibiotic activity of lincomycin per ton of complete feed .
For the prevention & control of ileitis add 44-220 grams of antibiotic
activity o f lincomycin per ton of complete feed
Storage: Store at room temperature 25-30°; Store opened bag in dry place to
prevent caking.
Packaging: 20 kg bag

295
Chapter XI ANTIMICROBIAL

LlNCO-SPECTIN 44 g/kg BAI No. VR199-966

Company: Pfizer Inc. - Chino Avenue, Makati City

Manufacturer: Pfizer Suzhou Animal Health Products Company Ltd - Zhu
Yuan Road, Suzhou, New District, P.R of China

Composition: Each Kilogram contains lincomycin hydrochloride 22grams,

Spectinomycin sulfate 22 grams, rice husk qs ad 1000 grams
Description: Linco-Spectin 44g/kg is a grayish white to light brown powder
which has a cereal order.
Indication: Swine: For the treatment and control of Swine Dysentery;
Salmonellosis; Enteritis associated with E. coli; Porcine proliferative
enteropathy (ileitis); Mycoplasmal pneumonia and bacterial
pneumonia . Chicken: For the control of early chick mortality
associated with E. coli.
Dosage: For the control and treatment in swine, add 44-110 grams of antibiotic
activity of lincomycin-spectinomycin per ton of complete feed (1
to 2.5 kg/ton). For chicken, add 88 grams of antibiotic activity of
lincomycin-spectinomycin per ton of complete feed (2 kg/ton).
Storage: Store at room temperature 25-35°; Store opened bag in dry place to
prevent caking
Packaging: 20kg bag

LlNCO-SPECTIN 440 g/kg BAI No. VRI 04 - 2069

Company: Pfizer Inc. - Chino Roces Avenue, Makati City

Manufacturer: Pfizer Suzhou Animal Health Products Company Ltd - Zhu
Yuan Road, Suzhou, New District, P.R of China
Composition: Each Kilogram contains lincomycin (as lincomycin hydro rl110ride)
220grams, Spectinomycin (as spectinomycin sulfate) 220 grams,
.Mineral Oil USP 10 grams, rice husk gs ad 1000 grams.
Description: Linco-Spectin 440g/kg is a grayish white to light brown powder
which has a cereal order.
Indications: Swine: For the treatment and control of Swine Dysentery;
Salmonellosis; Enteritis associated with E. coli; Porcine proliferative
enteropathy (ileitis); Mycoplasmal pneumonia and bacterial
pneumonia. Chicken: For the control of early chick mortality
associated with E. coli
Dosage: For the control and treatment in swine, add 44 grams of antibiotic
activity of lincomycin-spectinomycin per ton of complete feed
(lOOg/ton).
Storage: Store below 35°C; Store opened bag in dry place to prevent calung
Packaging: 5kg bag

296
Des17iption 0/ Some Nt/tntlona! Products ANTIMICROBIAL

NEOMIXAG 220 g/kg BAI No. VRI 99-965

Company: Pfizer Inc. - Ayala Avenue, Makati City

Manufacturer: Pfizer Suzhou Animal Health Products Company Ltd -
Suzhou, New DistricT Jiangsu Provine, P.R of China

Composition: Each Kilogram contains Neomycin sulfate 220 grams, (Equivalent

to neomycin basel activity) 154 grams, rice husk qs ad. 770 grams.
Description: Neomix AG 220 gm/kg is a grayish white to light brown powder
which has a cereal order.
Indica tions: Pigs, calves, cattle, horse, sheep and goats. For the treatment of bacterial
enteritis (scours, diarrhea, bloody dysentery, vibronic dysentery, white
scours, colibacillosis, salmonellosis, diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli,
Vibrio and Salmonella organisms) ; enterotoxemia in lambs.Chicken,
turkeys and ducks. For the treatment of bacterial enteritis (non-specific
enteritis, salmonellosis, bluecomb and mud fever.
Dosage: Pigs, calves, cattle, horse, sheep,goats, chicken, turkeys and ducks.
Add 0.5 to 1.0kg Neomix 220 Premix per ton of complete feed.
Storage: Store at room temperature 25-35°; Store opened bag in dry place to
prevent caking
Packaging: 20kg bag

SURE VALUE CHLORTETRACYCLINE 15% GRANULAR BAI No. VRM 03-930

Company: Univet Agricultural Products, Inc.

Manufacturer: Univet Agricultural 'Products, Inc.

Composition. Each Kg contains Chlortetracycline Calcium Complex equivalent to

15% Chlortetracycline
Description: Sure Value CTC 15% Granular Powder is a dry, free-flowing, brown
to dark brown antibacterial I anti-infective preparation active against
a wide variety of microorganisms sensitive to chlortetracycline.
Indication: Sure Value CTC 15% Granular Powder is indicated for prevention
and treatment of diseases in swine and poultry caused by organisms
susceptible to chlortetracycline.
Dosage: Prevention: Mix 0.7 kg to 1.4 kg of Sure Value CTC 15%
Granular Powder per ton of finished feed, give for 7 days, duri1lg
stress periods or as prescribed by a vetermarian.
Treatment: I\[ix 1.4 kg to 4 kg of Sure Value CTC 15% Granular
Powder per ton of finished feeds, g,-ive for 7 days or as recommended
by a veterinarian.
Storage: Store in a dry place at temperatures not exceeding 30°C
Packaging: 25 kg, laminated kraft bag

297
Chapte7' XI ANTIMICROBIAL

BAXIDIL 40 (Cotrimazine) BAI No. VRM 92-01

Company: Univet Agricultural Products, Inc.

Manufacturer: Univet Agricultural Products, Inc.

Composition: Each Kg contains: Sulfadiazine . .. 333 g; Trimethoprim ... 67 g

Description: Ba.xidil 40 is a dirty white to buff fine premix powder, indicated in
the control of swine and poultry diseases caused by microorganisms
susceptible to Sulfadiazine and Trimethoprim
Indications: Baxidil 40 is indicated in the control of Neonatal colibacillosis in
swine (baby pig scours). It is also indicated to control the following
diseases in swine and poultry:
Swine: Salmonellosis, atropic rhinitis, greasy pig disease, streptococcal
meningitis, haemophilus (A.ctinobacillosis) pneumonia and lactation
failure.
Poultry: E.(oLt~CRP complex, infectious coryza, salmonella infection
and fowl cholera
Dosage: Prevention: For pigs (pre-starter/starter, grower & lactating), mix
500 g of Ba.xidil 40 Premix per ton of feed, give for 3 days or as
prescribed by a veterinarian
For poultry, mix 300 g (broiler & layer) or 150 g (starter & grower)
of Baxidil 40 Premix per ton of feed, give for 3 days or as prescribed
by a veterinarian
For ducks (starter / layer), mix 350 g of BaxidiJ 40 Premix per ton
of feed, give for 3 days or as prescribed by a veterinarian
Treatment: For pigs (pre-starter/starter, grower & lactating),
mix 1 kg of Ba."Xidil 40 Premix per ton of feed, give for 5 days or as
prescribed by a veterinarian
For poultry, mix 0.6 kg (broiler & layer) or 0.3 kg (starter & grower)
of Baxidil 40 Premix per ton of feed, give for 5 days or as prescribed
by a veterinarian
For ducks (starter / layer), give 0.7 kg of Baxidil 40 Premix per ton
of feed, give for 5 days or as prescribed by a veterinarian
Storage: Store in a dry place at temperatures not exceeding 30°C
Packaging: 25 kg, laminated kraft bag

298
Desmptioll of Some Nutntional Produtts ANTIMICROBIAL

VETRACIN GOLD (Doxycycline + Tiamulin) BAI No. VRM 03-889

Company: U nivet Agricultural Products, Inc.

Manufacturer: Univet Agricultural Products, Inc.

Composition: Each Kg contains: Doxycycline (as hydrochloride).. 100 g

Tiamulin (as hydrogen fumarate) ... 33 g
Description: Vetracin Gold is a yellowish brown, fibrous, antibacterial / anti-
infective premix preparation containing Doxycycline and Tiamulin,
active against a wide variety of organisms.
Indications: Swine: Treatment and control of swine pneumonia caused by
My..oplasma hyopneumoniae and complicated by susceptible organisms,
ego ActinobaciluJ, HaemophiluJ and Pasteurella spp ..
Help maintain weight gain and feed efficiency in the presence of
disease.
Poultry: Treatment and control of infectious coryza and chronic
respiratory disease (CRD) due to Mymp/asma gal/tJeptimm and / or M.
S.ynoziae and complicated by susceptible organisms like E. ..oii.
Dosage: Swine: Prevention: Mix 1 kg per ton of feed and give to sick animals
for 5 to 7 days during stress period
Treatment: i\[ix 2 kg per ton of feed and give to animals for 5 da.ys
Broilers, Replacement Pullets: Prevention : Mix 0.5 kg per ton of
feed and give to sick animals for 5 to 7 days during stress period
Treatment: 1\[ix 1 kg per ton of feed and give to animals for 5 days
Storage: Store in a. dry place at temperatures not exceeding 30°C
Packaging: 25 kg, laminated kraft bag

299
Cbapter XI ANTIOXIDANT

BAROX LIQUID BAI No. FA-016

Company: Kernin Philippines

Manufacturer: Kernin Industries (Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore
Distributor: Litogo Co., Inc.

Composition: Synergistic blend of ethoxyquin, butylated hydoxytoluene, and

butylated hydroxyanisole which exerts powerful antioxidant activity
in oils or fats.
Description: Fat or oil soluble, dark brown liquid preservative with less than 100
cps viscosity at 2SC.
Indications: For prevention of rancidity and loss of quality in fats and oils. For
prolonged shelf life of feeds.
Dosage: Use at 250g to SOOg per ton of fats /oils or protein meals. Contact a
Kemin representative for specific application advice.
Storage: The product should be stored in cool, dry place away from direct
sWllight. Preferred storage temperature is 4C to 30C. Keep packaging
closed when not in use.
Packaging: 25kg drum, l!\.[T plastic tank

CAPSOQUIN LIQUID BAI No. FA - 252

Company: Philcherna, Inc.

Manufacturer: Industrial Tecnica Pecuaria S.A. , Spain
Distributor: Philcherna, Inc.

Composition: 99.9% Technical Ethoxyquin

Description: Liquid antioxidant to be applied directly on feeds or raw materials
(i.e. oils, fishmeal, forages) to prevent rancidity and susceptible
materials from oxidizing.
Indication: Offers the best protection to feed and raw materials agdinst oxidation
processes. Reduce demand of vitamin E and selenium, and protecting
the animal from its deficiency symptoms. Physical formulation allows
maximum dispersion of the product in the material to be treated.
Dosage: Complete feeds and premixes: 125-150 g/l\.[T. Fats and animal by-
produtcs: 500-750 g/MT. Oils : 500-1000 g/l\[T. Fishmeal: 400-750
g/MT. Dehydrated forages: 150 g/MT. Dog food : 75-100 g/MT.
Stonge: Keep in dry, cool place.
Packaging: 50 kg or 200 kg steel drum

300
DeJcription if Some Nutritional ProdlhtJ ANTIOXIDANT

CAPSOQUIN N BAI No. FA - 251

Company: Philchema, Inc.

Manufacturer: Industrial Tecnica Pecuaria S.A. , Spain
Distributor: Philchema, Inc.

Composition: 66.6% Technical Ethoxyquin with carrier

Description: Powder antioxidant to be applied directly on feedstuffs or raw
materials (i.e. cereals, plant and animal by-products) susceptible
materials to become oxidized.
Indication: Offers the best protection to feed, raw materials, vitamins and vItamin
premixes, pigments, fats and oils against oxidation processes. Prevents
rancidity and loss of palatability.
Dosage: Complete feeds and premixes: 125-225 g/l\IT. Fats, fishmeal and
animal by-products: 600-1000 g/Mf. Dehydrated forage crops: 125-
225 g/Mr. Dog food: 112-150 g/MT. Dosage must not exceed
225 g/Mf in mIxed feeds and 150 g/Mf in dogfood.
Storage: Keep in dry, cool place.
Packaging: Aluminum bag 25 kg

ENDOX 5X CONCENTRATE DRY BAI No. FA-024

Company: Kemin Philippines

Manufacturer: Kemin Industries (Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore
Distributor: Litogo Co., Inc.

Composition: Concentrated, synergistic blend of ethoxyquin, butylated

hydroxyanisole, citric acid, surfactant, phosphoric acid, and silica,
which gives greater antioxidant power than individual antioxidants.
Description: Light brown [me powder with characteristic antioxidant odor. J\·[ore
than 95% of its particles pass through #20 mesh thus giving large
surface area of antioxidant activity.
Indications: Used in feeds to control oxidation, preserve feed quality, and prolong
shelf life. ">\\so used in vitamin premixes to protect fat soluble
nutrients (i.e. vitamins, xanthophylls) from oxidation.
Dosage: Use at 25g to 50g per ton of feed or vitamin premix. Dosage
ckpends on fisk factors assoCIated with oxidation.
Storage: The product should be stored in cool, dry place away from direct
sunlight. Keep packaging closed when not in use.
Packaging: 25kg bag

301
Chapter XI ANTIOXIDANT

ENDOX DRY BAI No. FA-130

Company: Kemin Philippines

Manufacturer: Kemin Industries (Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore
Distributor: Litogo Co., Inc.

Composition: Synergistic blend of ethoxyquin, butylated hydroxyanisole, calcium

citrate, surfactant, phosphoric acid, and calcium carbonate which
gives greater antioxidant power than individual antioxidants.
Description: Light brown free flowing powder with characteristic antioxidant
odor. l\·[ore than 95% of its particles pass through #20 mesh thus
giving large surface area of antioxidant activity.
Indications: Used in feeds to control oxidation, preserve feed quality, and prolong
shelf life. Also used in vitamin premixes to protect fat soluble
nutrients (i.e. vitamins, xanthophylls) from oxidation.
Dosage: Use at 125g to 250g per ton of feed or vitamin premix. Dosage
depends on risk factors associated with oxidation.
Storage: The product should be stored in cool, dry place away from direct
sunlight. Keep packaging closed when not in use.
Packaging: 25kg bag

EUROTIOX 32 PREMIX BAI No. VRI 96-421

Company: Eurotee Nutrition Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Eurotee Nutrition France

Composition: Ethoxyquin, Propyl Gallate, Citric Acid

Description: Light to dark brown, free-flowing powder with a slight resin-like
odor
Indication: For protection of feeds, feed premixes and supplements from the
harmful effects of oxidation of vitamins, fats, oils and other
oxidizable nutrients.
Dosage: For feed protection via the premix: j\dd to the premix enough to
reach an inclusion level in the final feed of 15 to 45 grams per ton.
For supplement protection only: 25-50 grams per ton of supplement.
Storage: Shelf life is 12 months if stored in a cool and dry (i-35°C, 40-95%
humidity) place away from direct sunlight. .'\lways keep package
well closed.
Packaging: 25 kg bags with inner aluminum lining.

302
DeJcription ?f Some Nutntionai ProductJ ANTIOXIDANT

EUROTIOX L12 BAI No. FA-119

Company: Eurotec Nutrition Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Global Nutrition International, France

Composition: Ethoxyquin, Propyl Gallate, Citric Acid

Description: Dark brown oily liquid
Indication: For stabilization of fats, oils and animal meals to prevent oxidation
that can damage nutrients and cause rancidity. It has unique stability
and proven ethoxyquin-propyl gallate antioxidant synergy.
Dosage: Fats and oils: 250-500g per ton
Animal meals: 500-1000g per ton
Storage: Store in a cool and dry place away from direct sunlight. J\lways keep
package well closed. The product can be stored for 12 months
without changes in appearance and composition at the recommended
storage conditions:20°C - 35°C, at 40-90% humidity.
Packaging: 25 kg PE drum

FEEDOX DRY BAI No. FA-242

Company: Nuevo Milenio, Inc.

Manufacturer: Impextraco NY, Belgium
Distributor: Nuevo Milenio, Inc

Composition: BHA, ethoxyquin, citric acid and ortho-phosphoric ac id s and

emulsifiers
Description: Feedox dry is a light brown fille powder, composed of a very fine-
sized carrier, with all particles coated by a unique coating sys tem
Indication: Protects compound feeds and premixes against oxidation
Dosage: 100-250 g/ton of feed or premix
Storage: Sto re in a dry, cool place in the original sealed packaging
Packaging: 25 kg in kra ft paper bag

303
Chapter XI ANTIOXIDANT

GLOBATIOX 32 LIQUID BAI No. VRI 06-2686

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: Global Nutrition International, France

Composition: Ethoxyquin, Propyl Gallate, Citric Acid

Description: Dark brown antioxidant liquid with a slight resin-like odor
Indication: Globatiox 32 Liquid is a specific antioxidant complex for the
protectIon of feeds, feed premixes and supplements from the harmful
effects of oxidation of vitamins, fats, oils and other oxidizable
nutrients.
Dosage: Dosage is related to a number of parameters such as type/origin of
fat, period of protection, the stage of supplementation (on fresh
material, during rendering, in the fat, during food production, etc.).
Its usual inclusion level varies from 150-400 g/ton of material .
Storage: Store in a dry place away from direct sunlight and always keep
package well closed. The product can be stored for 12 months
without changes in appearance and composition at the recommended
storage conditions: 20°C to 35°C, at 40-90% humidity
Packlging: 25 kg and 200 kg plastic dmms

GLOBATIOX 32 PREMIX BAI No. VRI 06-2687

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: Global Nutrition International, France

Composition: Ethoxyquin, Propyl Gallate, Citric Acid

Description: Fine, free-flowing powder with a slight resin-like odor
Indication: Globatiox 32 Premix is a specific antioxidant complex for the
protection of feeds, feed premixes and supplements from the harmful
effects of oxidation of vitamins, fats, oils and other oxidizable
nutrients.
Dosage: For feed protection via the premix: Add to the premix enough to
reach an inclusion level in the final feed of 15 to 45 grams per ton.
For supplement protection only: 25-50 grams per ton of supplement.
Storage: Store in a dry place away from direct sunlight and always keep
package well closed. The product can be stored for 12 months
without changes in appearance and composition at the recommended
storage conditions: 20°C to 35°C, at 40-90% humidity
Packlging: 25 kg bags with inner aluminum lining.

304
Description of Some Nutritional Products ANTIOXIDANT

GLOBATIOX 04 LIQUID BAI No. VRI 06-2685

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: Global Nutrition International, France

Composition: Ethoxyquin, Propyl Gallate, Citric "-\cid

Description: Dark brown antioxidant liquid with a slight resin-like odor
Indication: Globatiox D4 Liquid is a specific antioxidant complex for the
protection of fat, oil and animal meat used in animal feed production
from the harmful effects of oxidation.
Dosage: 250-500 grams per ton of fat or oil
500-1,000 grams per ton of animal meal
Storage: Store in a dry place away from direct sunlight and always keep
package well closed. The product can be stored for 12 months
without changes in appearance and composition at the recommended
storage conditions: 20°C to 35°C, at 40-90% humidity.
Packaging: 25 kg, 50 kg and 200 kg plas tic drums

GLOBATIOX 04 POWDER BAI No. VRI 06-2684

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: Global Nutrition International, France

Compositiou. Ethoxyquin, Propyl Gallate, Citric c-\cid

Description: Light to dark brown fine, free-flowing powder with a slight resin-
like odor
Indication: Globatiox D4 Powder is a specific antioxidant complex for the
protection of fat, oil and animal meat used in animal feed production
from the harmful effects of oxidation.
Dosage: For feed protection via the premix: Add to the premix enough to
reach an inel usion level in the fmal feed of 60 to 180 grams per ton.
For supplement protection only: 100-200 grams per ton of
supplement.
Storage: Store in a dry place away from direct sunlight and always keep
package well closed . The product can be stored for 12 months
without changes in appearance and composition at the recommended
storage conditions: 20°C to 35°C, at 40-90% humidity.
Packaging: 25 kg bags with inner aluminum lining.

305
Chapter XI ANTIOXIDANT

OXICAP E2 BAI No. FA - 248

Company. Philchema, Inc.

Manufacturer. Industrial Tecnica Pecuaria S.A. , Spain
Distributor. Philchema, Inc.

Composition. Ethoxyquin, BHT, and synergistic chelating agents

Description: Wide spectrum formulated antioxidant with synergistic compounds
to be applied directly to the feed mixtures, premixes and raw materials
susceptible to rancidity and nutrient oxidation.
Indication: fill effective and long-lasting protection of feed and raw materials
against oxidation processes. Avoid palatability of feed and raw
materials, as well as nutrient losses.
Dosage: Feeds and premixes: 125 to 250 g/t-IT. Fats and animal by-products:
400 to 1000 g/I\IT.
Storage: Keep in dry, cool place.
Packaging. 25 kg aluminum bag

OXICAP LIQUID BAI No. FA - 249

Company. Philchema, Inc.

Manufacturer. Industrial Tecnica Pecuaria S.A. , Spain
Distributor. Philchema, Inc.

Composition: Ethoxyquin, BHT, chelating agents and emulsifiers

Description: An antioxidant mixture with synergistic compow1ds, in liquid form,
to use in animal feeds, premixes, raw materials and complete feeds.
Indication: An effective and long-lasting protection of feed and raw materials
against oxidation processes. A.void palatability of feed and raw
materials, as well as nutrient losses.
Dosage: Feeds: 125 to 350 g/i\IT. :illimal by-products: 200 to 500 g/I\IT
Fats and Oils : 200 to 750 g/i\IT.
Storage: Keep in a cool and dark place.
Packaging 185 kg polyethylene drum

306
Desmption of Some Nutritional Products ANTIOXIDANT

OXIGARD BAI No. FA-454

Company: Equalivet Incorporated

Manufacturer: Optivite International Ltd., United Kingdom

Composition: Butylated hydroxy toluene, Butylated hydroxyanisole, Ethoxyquin and

Citric j\cid .
Description: Oxigard is a unique blend of three highl y effective, approved
antioxidants together with the added benefit of a chelator.
Indication: Specifically formulated to achieve the best synergistic effect for cost
effective pro tection against oxidation in feed s and feed ingredients.
Dosage: •-\dd 1.25-250 g per ton for normal feeds and 250-500 g per ton for
feed premixes
Storage: OXIGARD is practically stable at room temperature but may be
affected by ex treme temperature and humidity. The product may
be s tored for 12 month s from the d ate of manufacture at a
temperatu re below 25 °C. Storage tempera ture of above 40 °C
may affect the efficiency of the product.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

RIDOX BAI No. VRM 00-578

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Composition: E thoxyquin; BHT, Citric acid

Description: Ridox is a synergistic combination of antioxidants blended with
citric acid to provide the best possible protection against oxidation
of fats and oils in animal feeds.
Indication: Reduces the rate of oxidation of fats and oils in animal feeds;
maintains feed freshness and controls rancid odors from fat oxidation;
increases feed she! f life.
Dosage: 1-\pply 125-500 g/ton of feed
Storage: Store in a cool dry area and tightly seal when not in use.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

307
Chapter XI ANTIOXIDANT

TROUW NUTRITION ETHOXYQUIN BAI No. FA-157

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: Trouw Nutrition, Illinois, USA

Composition: Ethoxyquin
Indication: Retardation of oxidative destruction of carotenes, xanthophylls &
vits A & E in the feed .
Dosage: Poultry/ Swine: Use 188 g/ ton of poultry or animal feed to supply
the recommended level of 0.0125 % active ethoxyquin. Total amt
of ethoxyquin added plus any furnished by other feed ingredients
treated w/ the additive must not exceed 0.015% of final mix.
Storage: Store in dry location away from extreme heat. Keep bags tighdy
closed when not in use.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

ANTI-SALMONELLA

SAL CURB DRY BAI No. FA-027

Company: Kemin Philippines

Manufacturer: Kemin Industries (Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore
Distributor: Litogo Co., Inc.

Composition: A strong mixture of propionic acids and its salt, formic acid, benzoic
acid, phosphoric acid and silica.
Description: \X!hite to off-white powder with acidic odor, with pH of 4.7-5.7 in
10% solution.
Indications: Dry feed preservative with strong antimicrobial action for improved
feed hygiene and bio-security. Ideal for non-heat treated feed and
for preventing Salmonella re-contamination in heat treated feed.
Suitable to use with dry fogging equipment.
Dosage: Typically used at 4kg per ton of feed. Strategically used for feed
mills, rendering plants and vehicles. Contact a Kemin representative
for specific application advice.
Storage: The product should be stored in cool, dry place away from direct
sunlight. Keep packaging closed when not in use .
Packaging: 25kg bag

308
Desmption oj Some NI1tritionai Prodllrts ANTI-SALMONELLA

SAL CURS LIQUID SAl No. FA-131

Company: Kemin Philippines

Manufacturer: Kemin Industries (Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore
Distributor: Litogo Co., Inc.

Composition: A strong m.ixture of propionic acids and its salt, formic acid, benzoic
acid, phosphoric acid and silica.
Description: Yellow acidic smelling water soluble liquid with pH 3-4 and specific
gravity of 1.0-1.2 at 25C.
Indications: Liquid feed preservative with strong antimicrobial action for
improved feed hygiene and bio-security. Effective for treatment of
Salmonella contaminated feed ingredients. A.lso ideal for non-heat
treated feed ,U1d for preventing Salmonella re-contamination in heat
treated feed. Highly suitable to automated application.
Dosage: For finished feed, typical application is 2 to 3kg per ton of feed. Use
at 4 kg per ton of feed for higher microbial challenge. For feed
ingredients, typical application is 3 to 5kg per ton of feed ingredients
or use more than 5 kg for higher microbial challenge. >-\ccurate
addition and even distribution is critical for product efficacy. Contact
a Kemin representative for specifiC application advice.
Storage: The product should be stored in cool, dry place away from direct
sunlight. Preferred storage temperature is 4°C to 30°C. Keep
packaging closed when not in use.
Packaging: 200L and HIT plastic tank

SALCAP NT SAl No. VRI 07 -3126

Company. Philchema, Inc.

Manufacturer. Industrial Tecnica Pecuaria S.A. , Spain
Distributor. Philchema, Inc.

Composition: Formic acid, :\mmonium formate, and Propionic acid

Description: Organic acid preparation designed to protect feeds and raw materials
against fungal and bacterial contamination.
Indication: Provides effective protection on feeds and raw materials reducing
fungal and bacterial contamination. Ideal organic acidifier for swine
and poultry for improved digestion and absorption.
Dosage: As antimicrobial: Prevention - 4 kg/T\ [T in raw materials and feed.
Decontamination - 6 kg/}.[T. As acidifier: 10 kg/l\[T. .
Storage: Keep in dry, cool place.
Packaging. 25 kg bag

309
Chapter XI ANTI-SALMONELLA

SALGARO BAI No. FA-453

Company: Equalivet Incorporated

Manufacturer: Optivite International Ltd., United Kingdom

Composition: Formic acid, ammonium formate, propionic acid, ammonium

propionate and aluminosilicates.
Description: A synergistic blend of carboxylic acids and their salts designed and
processed for optimal antimicrobial activity.
Indication: For treating feed and feed ingredients to selectively kill Salmonella,
Ecoli, Campylobacter and other harmful gram-negative bacteria. It
also helps inhibit mold growth and protect against recontamination.
Dosage: Add 2 kg per ton of feed
Storage: SALGARD is practically stable at room temperature but may be
affected by extreme temperature and humidity. The product may
be stored for 12 months from the date of manufacture at a
temperature below 25°C. Storage temperature of above 30 °C
may affect the efficiency of the product.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

SALSTOP SO BAI No. FA-243

Company: Nuevo Milenio, Inc.

Manufacturer. Impextraco NV, Belgium
Distributor. Nuevo Milenio, Inc

Composition. Salts and free acids of propionic, acetic, formic, sorbic, lactic and
phosphoric acid, emulsifiers, natural extracts and free fatty acid on a
silica carrier
Description: Salstop SD is a white fme powder, characterized with a pungent,
acidic smell.
Indication. To control salmonella in fmished feeds and raw materials
Dosage: 1- 5 kg/ton
Storage: Store in a dry, cool place in the original sealed packaging, keep away
from moisture
Packaging. 25 kg in kraft paper bag.

310
Desmption of Some Nuttziionaf Products BASE MIX

AVIMIN FORTE FOR POULTRY & BAI No. Fil 092, 093, 094, 095,
SWINE BASE MIXES 096, 097, 098, 098,
099,071,072,073
Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.
Manufacturer: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Composition: Essential micronutrients such as amino acids, vitamins and minerals

Description: Avimin Forte is an economical base mix which supplements a corn-
soybean meal diet for poultry and swine for its optimum growth,
production and reproduction.
Indication: Eliminates the complexities assocJated with the sourcing, quality
control , uniformity and inventory management of numerous feed
ingredients in compounding feed.
Dosage: To make a complete, nutritionally balanced feeds, Avimin Forte is
simply mixed with soybean meal, corn and/or other farm by-
products such as copra and rice bran. Follow these recommended
rates:
PO [lLTRY
Av1i\il RepPullet 5: 5% of the ration for replacement pullets
AVli\ilN Layer 2.5: 2.5% of the ration for layers
Av1i\.ITN Layer 5: 5% of the ration for layers _
AVIi\. fIN Breeder 2.5: 2.5% of the ration for broiler breeders
_\VIMIN Breeder 5: 5% of the ration for broiler breeder
AVL\UN Broiler 5 : 5% of the ration for broilers
.\VIi\fIN Broiler 4: 4% of the ration for broilers
.\vTtdIN Broiler 3.5: 3.5% of the ration for broilers
SWINE·
AVIMIN SGF: 1.5% of the ration for starter, grower
and finisher
1.5% of the ration for gestating and
lacta ting
AVIi\IIN BLO: 1.5% of the ration for lactating
Packaging: 25 kg, 50 kg bag

311
Chapter XI BASE MIX

GRO RITE SAl No. FS L -144

Company: Equalivet Incorporated

Manufacturer: EQI Manufacturing

Composition: Per kg analysIs: Crude protein 16.5%, Crude fat 0.5%, Crude fiber
1.5%, Calcium 14%, Avail. Phosphorus 7.5%, Lysine 5%, j\[ethionine
+ Cystine 1.25%, Threonine 1%, Tryptophan 0.15%, j\[E 950 kcal/
kg.
Description: GRO RITE IS a unique blend of carefully selected macro & micro
ingredients specially designed to provide the essential nutrients needed
by pigs. h provides the vitamins, minerals, amino acids as well as the
calcium & phosphorous requirement of pigs at different stages or
growth, thereby assuring optimum livestock performance. It IS alS()
practical & economical to use.
Indication: Basemlx designed for grower and finisher rations.
Dosage: Add 5% or 50 kg per ton of feed
Storage: GRO RITE is practically stable at room temperature but may be
affected by extreme temperature and humidity. The product may
be stored for 12 months from the date of manufacture at a
temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

MEGA GRO 2.5% SAl No. FIL -147

Company: Equalivet Incorporated

Manufacturer: EQI Manufacturing

Composition: Per kg analYSIS: Crude protein 9.48%, Calcium 20.15%, "-\\'al1

Phosphorus 3.36%, Lysine 3.2%, j\.[E 265 kcal/kg.
Description: A concentrated blend of macro & micro minerals plus vitamins an
some essential amino acids, j\,[EGA GRO was specially formula tK
to provide the essential micro nutrient requirements of growmg pigs
It eliminates the tedious process of procuring the individual vltamil '
and minerals and assures the user of improved overall farm efficient:
Indication: Basemlx deSigned for grower and tmisher rations.
Dosage: Add 2.5% or 25 kg per ton of feed
Storage: j\[EG,-\ GRO is practically stable at room temperature but ma\'
affected by extreme temperature and humidity. The product fTl.l
be stored for 12 months from the date of manufacture at
temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

312
Description of Some Nutritional Products BASE MIX

MEGA LAY BAI No. FIL - 145

Company: Equalivet Incorporated

Manufacturer: EQI Manufacturing

Composition: Per kg analysis: Crude protein 3.48%, Calcium 14%, Avail.

Phosphorus 12.6%, I\lethionine + Cystine 5.91 %, IvIE 258 kcal/kg.
Description: j\1EGA LAY is a concentrated feed premix specially formulated to
provide the vitamins & micro minerals requirement of layers & to
provide part of the calciwn & phosphorous which are very necessary
for sustained egg production & maintain the egg shell quality, resulting
to optimwn performance & better economic efficiency.
Indication: Basemix designed for layer rations.
Dosage: Add 2.5% or 25 kg per ton of feed
Storage: I\IEGA LAY is practically stable at room temperature but may be
affected by extreme temperature and hwnidity. The product may
be stored for 12 months from the date of manufacture at a
temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

MEGAPRO 2.5% BAI No. FIL - 138

Company: Equalivet Incorporated

Manufacturer: EQI Manufacturing

Composition: Per kg analysis: Crude protein 38.5%, Crude fat 1%, Crude fiber
3%, Calciwn 2.8%, Avail. Phosphorus 2.0%, Lysine 12%, lvlethionine
+ Cystine 6%, Threonine 3%, Tryptophan 1.4%, I\·IE 2,500 kcal/
kg.
Description: I\fEGAPRO is formulated to supplement sows' milk and provide
nutrients that can be readily digested by the piglets. It is a blend of
high quality ingredients designed to meet the requirements of proteins,
amino acids, vitamins and minerals for optimwn growth performance
of the animals.
Indication: Feed concentrate designed for booster, prestarter and starter rations.
Dosage: Add 2.5% or 25 kg per ton of feed
Storage: I\'ffiGAPRO is practically stable at room temperature but may be
affected by extreme temperature and humidity. The product may
be stored for 12 months from the date of manufacture at a
temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

313
Chapter XI BASE MIX

PIGROLAC LEAN MICROPAC 50 MASH BAI No. FIL - 030

Company: UNAHCO FEEDS, INC.

Manufacturer: UNAHCO FEEDS, INC.

Composition: High protein soybean meal, fish meal, meat meal, amino acids, IGP
5/50, plant extracts, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, salt,
vitamin premix, mineral premix
Description: A well-balanced, nutrient dense base mix for pigs from starter to
fmisher
Indication: For use in supporting the growth of heavy, meaty market pigs with
excellent feed effICiency
Dosage: 5% inclusion rate
Storage: Store in a cool, dry place
Packaging: 25 KG

PROTICON GES BAI No. FIL - 142

Company: Equativet Incorporated

Manufacturer: EQI Manufacturing

Composition: Per kg analysis: Crude protein 11.5%, Crude fat 0.2%, Crude fiber
1%, Calcium 18%, [\vail. Phosphorus 6.5%, Lysine 0.8%, I\(ethionine
+ Cystine 0.4%, Threonine 0.5%, Tryptophan 0.2%, l\fE 750 kcal /
kg.
Description: As lactation performance is highly dependent on what was provided
during the gestation period, PROTICON GES was especially
formulated to provide the necessary requirement for calcium &
phosphorous, the optimum requirement for vitamins & micro
minerals and part of the requirement for amino acid and other
nu trients giVing the sow optimum farrowing ang lactati o n
performances It is easy to mix and eliminates the errors normally
associated with in farm premixing.
Indication: Basemix designed for gestating ration.
Dosage: .'\dd 5% or 50 kg per ton of feed
Storage: PROTICON GES is practically stable at room temperature but
may be affected by extreme temperature and humidity. The product
may be stored for 12 months from the date of manufacture at a
temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

314
DeJmption of Some Nutritional ProductJ BASE MIX

PROTICON L BAI No. FIL -141

Company: Equalivet Incorporated

Manufacturer: EQI Manufacturing

Composition: Per kg analysis: Crude protein 13%, Crude fat 0.2%, Crude fiber
3%, Calciwn 18.3%, Avail. Phosphorus 6%, Lysine 3.2%, I\.fethionine
+ Cystine 0.4%, Threonine 0.5%, Tryptophan 0.2%, I\.JE 850 kcal/
kg.
Description: PROTICON L was specially formulated to provide the partial
requirement for proteins & amino acid & fully provide the vitamins,
micro & macro mineral requirements of the lactating sows for
optimum lactation performance such as sustained milk production
and body condition maintenance.
Indication: Basemix designed for lactating ration.
Dosage: ~-\dd 5% or 50 kg per ton of feed
Storage: PROTICON L is practically stable at room temperature but may be
affected by extreme temperature and humidity. The product may
be stored for 12 months from the date of manufacture at a
temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

QUALIMIX BAI No. FI L-139

Company: Equalivet Incorporated

Manufacturer: EQI Manufacturing

Composition: Per kg analysis: Crude protein 35.2%, Crude fat 1.6%, Crude fiber
4.5%, Calcium 4.2%, Total Phosphorus 2.4%, Lysine 2.81%,
j\fethionine + Cystine 1.2%, Threonine 1.5%, Tryptophan 0.5%,
I\.JE 2,280 kcal/kg.
Description: QU.'lLU..UX is specially formulated feed premix designed to provide
essential amino acids and the vitamins & minerals requirement of
pigs at different stages of growth It will provide the optimum
levels of the required nutrients thereby assuring better weight gains
and feed conversion ratio.
Indication: Feed concentrate designed for grower and fmisher rations.
Dosage: Add 5% or 50 kg per ton of feed
Storage: QUAUI\.fIX is practically stable at room temperature but may be
affected by extreme temperature and humidity. The product may
be stored for 12 months from the date of manufacture at a
temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

315
Chapter XI BASE MIX

QUALIPRO BAI No. FS L-37

Company: Equalivet Incorporated

Manufacturer: EQI Manufacturing

Composition: Per kg analysis: Crude protein 38.5%, Crude fat 1%, Crude fiber
5%, Calcium 1.4%, Total Phosphorus 1.2%, Lysine 5.6%, ~[ethionine
+ Cystine 1.4%, Threonine 1.6%, Tryptophan 0.6%, ME 2,565 kcal/
kg.
Description: QUALIPRO is designed to supplement sows' milk and provide
nutrients in the form that can be readily digested by the young piglets
and thus, encourages dry feed intake at an early age.
Indication: Feed concentrate designed for booster, prestarter and starter rations.
Dosage: Add 5% or 50 kg per ton of feed
Storage: QUALIPRO is practically stable at room temperature but may be
affected by extreme temperature and humidity. The product may
be stored for 12 months from the date of manufacture at a
temperature below 25°C.
Packlging: 25 kg bag

RITESTART BAI No. FS L -143

Company: Equalivet Incorporated

Manufacturer: EQI Manufacturing

Composition: Per kg analysis: Crude protein 14.5%, Crude fat 0.5%, Crude fiber
1%, Calcium 16%, Avail. Phosphorus 8.5%, Lysine 6%, Methionine
+ Cystine 3.2%, Threonine 0.5%, Tryptophan 0.24%, ME 700 kcal/
kg.
Description: RITESTART is a unique blend of selected macro & micro
ingredients. It was designed to provide the essential nutrients needed
by piglets. It provides the vitamins, minerals, amino acids as well as
the calcium & phosphorous requirement of piglets at different stages
of growth, thereby assuring better growth rate and feed conversion
efficiency. It is also practical & economical to use.
Indication: Basemix designed for booster, pres tarter and starter rations.
Dosage: Add 5% or 50 kg per ton of feed
Storage: RITESTART is practically stable at room temperature but may be
affected by extreme temperature and humidity. The product may
be stored for 12 months from the date of manufacture at a
temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

316
DeJtription 0/ Some Nutntionai Products BASE MIX

UNITED FEEDS SWINE BASE MIXES BAI No. FIL 084,085,086,087,

088,089,090,091
Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.
Manufacturer: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Composition: Essential micronutrients such as amino acids, vitamins and minerals

Description: These are economical base mixes to supplement a corn-soybean
meal diet for the optimum growth, production and reproduction
of pigs.
Indication: Eliminates the complexities associated with the sourcing, quality
control, uniformity and inventory management of numerous feed
ingredients in compounding feed.
Dosage: Follow the recommended rates :
Super Start 17.5 : 17.5% of the ration for pigs
Weaner 10: 10% of the ration for pigs
Grower 5: 5% of the ration for pigs
Mighty ~lix 2.5 2.5% of the ration for pigs
Finisher 2.5: 2.5% of the ration for pigs
Sow 5: 5% of the ration for pigs
Lactation 5: 5% of the ration for pigs
Packaging: 25 kg, 50 kg bag

VITAPRO BAI No. FM - 51

Company: Bayer Animal Health

1"1anufacturer: Bayer Animal Health

Distributor: Available nationwide at any authorized Bayer distributor

Composition: ;\nimal and vegetable proteins, vitamins, minerals, amino acids and
choline chloride
Description: ;\ highly digestible protein concentrate fortified with vitamins,
minerals, amino acids and choline chloride
Indication: Jdeal for the delicate digestive sys tem of piglets to prevent scouring
and growth lag during weaning.
Dosage: Piglets and weaners: 50 kg per ton of feed
Packaging: 25 kilos in laminated kraft bag

317
Chapter XI BIO-SURFACTANT

LlPIDOL POWDER· UK BAI No. FS - 086

Company: Easy Bio Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer. Pathway Intermediates Ltd., United Kingdom
Distributor: Easy Bio Philippines, Inc.

Composidon: Enzymatically modified lecithin

Descripdon: No extra colors, preservatives and stabilizers added.
Lipidol is a peR negative enzyme modified lecithin with emulsifying
and other biological applications on an inert silicate carrier. It contains
naturally occurring and edible soybean phospholipids and
Iysophospholipids. Lipidol contains no animal products.
Indica don: Enhances absorption of nutrients from the gut; improves
bioavailability of feed additives; maximizes enzymatic digestion of
feed; helps extract maximum nutritional value from high density
rations; improves feed conversion ratio and animal performance;
improves immunity and reduces mortality
Dosage: 0.5 to lkg per ~[T of feeds
Storage: Keep sealed in the bag until needed. Store in a cool dry place.
Packaging: 25 kg mul tiwall kraft bag

LYSOFORTE DRY BAI No. FA·017

Company: Kemin Philippines

Manufacturer: Kemin Industries (Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore

Composidon: l\·Iodified lecithin highly enriched in one phospholipid called

Iysophosphatidylcholine.
Descripdon: Off white to light brown powder with fatty odor. l\.[ore than 85%
of the particles pass through the #20 mesh.
Indica dons: Use to improve nutrient absorption in the gut, aids in the emulsification
of fats by influencing the formation of more and smaller fat globules
thereby increasing surface area for action of the lipase enzyme.
Lysoforte Dry can be added on-top to increase energy intai<e of
animals for better zoo technical performance, or to improve energy
intake during periods of stress. Due to improved energy value of
feeds, Lysoforte Dry can be added to spare up to 10kg of fats/oils
in the formula for more economical feed formula .
Dosage: Use at 500g to 1000g per ton of feed.
Storage: The product should be stored in cool, dry place away from direct
sunlight Keep packaging closed when not in use.
Packaging: 25kg bag

318
DeJtnptzon if Some NutritionaL Produrts BIO-SURFACTANT

PIGGOMIX EXTRA BAI No. FI-517

Company: APF Corporation

Manufacturer: Nukamel, Belgium
Distributor: APF Corporation

Compositiorr. Glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate, oils, fats, dairy products,

products of oil seeds
Description: Emulsifies fat in the GI tract of animals, increasing surface area
presented to lipase. Digestion and absorption of fat in the diet is
enhanced . .'\bsorption of fat soluble vitamins (I\,D,E,K) is also
enhanced.
Indication: Increase digestibility and utilization of fats and oils in swine rations.
Dosage: 500 grams per ton of feeds
Storage: Avoid storing in warm conditions. Keep away from direct exposure
to sunlight
Packaging: 25 kg bag

VOLAMEL EXTRA BAI No. FI-518

Company: APF Corporation

lYfanufacturer: N ukamel, Belgium
Distributor: APF Corporation

Compositiorr. Glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate, oils, fats, dairy products,

products of oil seeds
Description: Emulsifies fat in the GI tract of ,mimals, increasing surface area
presented to lipase DIgestion and absorption of fat in the diet is
enhanced . Absorption of fat soluble vitamins (,-\,D,E,K) is also
enhanced.
Indication: Increase digestibility and utilization of fats and oils in poultry rations.
Dosage: 500 grams per ton of feeds
Storage: Avoid storing in warm conditi.ons. Keep away from direct exposure
to sunlight
Packaging: 25 kg bag

319
Chapter XI ENZYME: CARBOHYDRASE

AGRAZIME BAI No. VRI 07-3003

Company: East Asia Veterinary Products, Inc

Manufacturer: Agranco Corporation, USA
Distributor: East Asia Veterinary Products, Inc./ Eastern Veterinary
Products

Composition: Amylase, protease, cellulase, lipase, pectinase, lactase, phytase, xylanase,

LaclfJbaci/!uJ aadophi!us, Bifedobactenum themJophilum, Bifedobaden'um Iongum,
S treptol;ocms jaecium
Description: Agrazime contains eight enzymes and probiotics that catalyses the
digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, fats and protein source
in the animal feeds and reduces pathogenic bacteria in the intestine.
Indication: Improves overall animal performance by enhanced digestion and
absorption of nutrients in animal feeds
Dosage: Poultry and swine: 100 g/ton of feeds. Bovine: 4 g/head/day

ALLZYME® SSF BAI No. VRI 05-2536

Company: Alltech Biotechnology Corporation, Inc.

Manufacturer: Alltech, Inc. (USA)

Composition: Each gram contains minimum activity: Phytase 300 SPU / g, Protease
700 HUT /g, Cellulose 40 CMCU/g, ~-glucanase 200 BGU/g,
Amylase 30 FAU/g, and Pectinase 4000 AJDU/g.
Description: Allzyme®SSF is light brown colored free flowing granulate with a
slight malty odor enzyme preparation produced by solid state
fermentation of a carefully selected strain of Arpergi/!/{s niger.
Indication: Allzyme®SSF is a naturally occurring enzyme complex that works
synergistically to break down the different substrates in animal feed.
Allzyme® SSF allows for a more flexible approach to feed
formulation through the inclusion of by-products or by reducing
nu trient cons traints in the diet, particularly energy, calcium, and available
phosphorus.
Dosage: 200 g/t for all classes of pigs and broilers, 150 g/t for layers and
breeders.
Storage: Store below 25 °C in a place out of direct sunlight. Shelf life under
these conditions is 12 months.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

320
DeSC1iption oj Some NUl1itiona/ ProdJ/ds ENZYME: CARBOHYDRASE

AMCI-AVEMIX CS SAl No. VRI 05-2390

Company: Ariela Marketing Co., Inc.

Manufacturer: Aveve Group, Minderbroedersstraat, Belgium

Composition: Each gram of Amci-Avemix CS contains the guaranteed minimum

activities: B-glucanase 6150 BGU, Xylanase 10700 XU, Pectinase 230
PGLU.
Description: Amci-Avemix CS is a brownish powder enzyme-premix produced
by Aspergillus spp. and TndJoderma spp.
Indication: Supplement for swine and poultry feeds containing high levels of
corn and soybean to increase their digestibility, reduce feed costs by
providing flexibility in the formulation and upgrade low energy feed
to a higher economic margin and improved animal performance.
Dosing: Apply Amci-Avemix CS at 100-200g per ton of feed
Storage: Amci-Avemix CS is stable for 6 months from the date of
manufacture in unopened bag under cool and dry condition.
Packaging: 25 kg bag.

AMCI-AVEMIX XG SAl No. VRI 05-2389

Company: Ariela Marketing Co., Inc.

Manufacturer: Aveve Group, Minderbroedersstraat, Belgium

Composition: Each gram of Amci-Avemix XG contains the guaranteed minimum

activities: B-glucanase 6600 BGU, Xylanase 40000 Xu.
Description: j\mci-Avemix XG is a brownish powder enzyme-premix produced
by T n·choderma spp.
Indication: Supplement for swine and poultry feeds containing high levels of
corn, wheat, barley, soy ben, copra and cereal by-products lice rice
bran to increase their digestibility, reduce feed costs by providing
flexibility in the formulation and upgrade low energy feed to a higher
economic margin and improved animal performance.
Dosing: Apply Amci-Avemix XG at 50-100g per ton of feed
Storage: Amci-Avemix XG is stable for 6 months from the date of
manufacture in unopened bag under cool and dry condition.
Packaging: 25 kg bag.

321
Chaptel' XI ENZYME: CARBOHYDRASE

CAPSOZYME SB PLUS BAI No. VRI 03 - 2029

Company: Philchema, Inc.

Manufacturer: Industrial Tecnica Pecuaria S.A. , Spain
Distributor: Philchema, Inc.

CompositioII. alpha-galactosidase + xylanase .

DescriptioII. Highly concentrated synergistic enzymes designed for wheat, soybean
meal and other legumes, increasing its energy and digestible protein
values.
Indication: Improve the digestibility of legumes (i.e. soybean meal, peas, lupins,
rapeseed) in soya based diets for swine and poul try by hydrolyzing
non-digestible sugars such as raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose.
Increase nutrient utilization through improved gut fw1ctionality.
Prevents intestinal discomfort and flatulence .
Dosage: 200 to 500 g/~(T, depending on the percent soybean meal in the
diet.
Storage: Keep in dry, cool pi ace.
Packaging 25 kg bag

CTCZVME BAI No. VRI 07-2830

Company: Peakhealth Incorporated

Manufacturer: creBIo INC., Korea

Composition: Each kilogram contains minimum activity 800,000 i.u. ~-mannan ase.
Description: CTCZYME is the first developed G-mannanase in }lsia, fermented
by Bacillus subtilis WL-1. I t is a pure ~-mannanase product and is
stable in broad pH and high temperature.
Indication: An enzyme for decomposing mannans (carbohydrate found in copra
and plam kernel meal as well as in soybean meal and other legumes),
into mannanoligosaccharides or monosaccharides like mannose.
Dosage: Add 500 g per ton of swine feed, 400 g per ton o f broiler feed, and
300 g per ton of layer feed
Storage: CTCZY}'fE is practical ly stable at room temperature but may be
affected by extreme temperature and humidity. The product may
be stored for 12 month s from the date of manufac ture at a
temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

322
Description of Some Nutritional Products ENZYME: CARBOHYDRASE

ECONASE Xl SAl No. VRI 08 - 3268

Company: Promax International

Manufacturer: AB Enzymes GmbH, Germany

Composition: Xylanase main activity with ~-Glucanase, Cellulase, Protease and

Amyloglucosidase as side activity.
Description: Thermostable endo-l,4-beta-xylanase produced by Trichoderma
reesei. Its also contains other side activities such as ~-glucanase, cellulase,
protease and amyloglucosidase, which makes the preparation very
efficient in the digestion of plant material.
Indication: ECONASE XT effectively breakdown cell wall structures, both
energy and protein in the diets can be utilised more efficiently, will
result in improved weight gain and feed conversion. Dietary 1fE
will be increased by on average approximately 100 kcal/kg DM.
Dosage: Poultry use at the rate of 100 g/ton feeds for broilers.
Pigs use at the rate of 100-150 g/ton of feeds.
Precaution: /\.void the formation of aerosol and dust of the product. Repeated
inhalation of enzyme aerosol or dust may cause allergic type reactions
in sensitive individuals.

ECOZYME SAl No. VRl 09 - 730

Company: Promax International

Manufacturer: Philippine Chemical Laboratories, Philippines

Composition: Xylanase, ~-Glucanase, Cellulase, Protease and Amyloglucosidase

Description: ECONASE W P Plus is an enzyme preparation produced using a
strain of Trichoderma reesei which make the preparation very efficient
in the digestion of plant material .
Indication: ECONASE W P Plus assists the digestive system of monogastric
animals by breaking down pentosans (mainly arabino~lan) and other
fiber - fractions present in diets. Due to the effective breakdown of
cell wall structure in the diets leads to the following benefits: flexibility
in diet formulation, improved weight gain and feed efficiency,
reduced frequency of sticky droppings, reduced amount of manure.
Dosage: Poultry use at the rate of 375g Iton feeds for layers and 500g/ton
feeds for broilers; Pigs use at the rate of 500 g/ton of feeds.
Precaution: Avoid the formation of aerosol and dust of the product. Repeated
inhalation of enzyme aerosol or dust may cause allergic type reactions
in sensitive individuals.

323
Chapter XI ENZYME: CARBOHYDRASE

ENDONASE SAl No. VRI 02-1534

Company: Easy Bio Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Easy Bio System, Inc., South Korea

Composition: a-galactosidase, galactomannanase, xylanase, ~-glucanase

Description: Endonase is an enzyme complex consisting of a -galactosidase,
galactomannanase, xylanase, and ~-glucanase that are capable of
degrading anti-nutritional factors present in raw materials such as
corn, soybean meal, copra meal, rice bran and wheat.
Indication: Enhances the nutritional value of feed ingredients especially soya,
copra, wheat, corn, DDGS and rice bran; inactivates anti-nutritional
factors in complex carbohydrates such as a-galactosides,
galactomannans, arabinoxylans and beta-glucans; improves feed
conversion efficiency
Dosage: Endonase: Swine: 100-200 g/ton of feed. Broilers: 200 g/ton of
feed . Layers : 100 g/ton of feed . Aqua: 300 g/ton of feed
Endonase Plus: Swine: 05-l.0 kg/ton of feed. Broilers: 1.0 kg/ton
of feed . Layers: 05 kg/ton of feed ..\qua: 15 kg/ton of feed
Storage: Keep container closed. Store in cool dry place and protect from
light.Store under normal temperature from 15° C to 35° C.
Packaging: Endonase: 5 kg aluminum foil bag; Endonase Plus: 25 kg Kraft bag
with inner plastic liner

GRAINGAIN SAl No. VRI 09-3557

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: Dyadic International (USA), Inc., Florida, USA

Composition: Xylanase, ~-glucanase, cellulase, pectinase, mannanase, xyloglucanase',

laminarase, ~- glucosidasc, ~-xvlosidasc , ~-L-arabinofuranosldase,
-.unvlase and prore'asc
Description GrainGain is a powder aCid-neutral endo-l,4-~-D-xylanase product
from ] ri,hodenna wn;,ibrmhiatutJI.
Indication: Enhances the dIgestibility of arabinoxylans present in a wide range
of feedstuffs. Its high level of ft-glucanase and cellulase allows it to
breakdown other Non-Starch Polvsaccharides (NSP). GrainGain is
the only multi-enzyme tint has a high level of cellulase.
Dosage: i\[ix into complete' diet at a minimal dose rate of 500 grams / J\IT
of compound feed of swine, poultry, aquaculture and ruminants.
Storage: Store in the original, closed packaging at a room temperature en -
25°q and out of direct sillllight.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

324
Descnption 0/ Some Nutritional Products ENZYME: CARBOHYDRASE

KEMZVMEDRY BAI No. VRI 09-3558

Company: Kemin Philippines

Manufacturer: Kemin Industries (Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore
Distributor: Litogo Co., Inc.

Composition: A stabilized source of amylases, beta-glucanase, cellulases, proteases,

pectinase, and pullulanase.
Description: Off-white slight malt smelling powder with more than 95% of its
particles passing through #20 mesh.
Indications: Use to improve overall digestibility of feeds, improve animal
performance and for better litter condition while supplementing the
animals' own endogenous enzymes.
Dosage: Use at the rate of 0.5 kg per ton of feed . Inclusion rate can be
increased to 1 kg per ton depending on the extent of use of fiber-
rich ingredients. It can be added on top, or diets can be reformulated
to account for the extra energy it can cause in feeds for cost effective
formulations .
Storage: The product should be stored in cool, dry place away from direct
stmlight. Keep packaging closed when not in use.
Packaging: 25kg bag

KEMZYME W DRY BAI No. VRI 09-3474

Company: Kemin Philippines

Man ufacturer: Kemin Industries (Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore
Distributor: Litogo Co., Inc.

Composition: A stabilized source of cellulase complex (including xylanase), beta-

glucanase, protease, alpha-amylase, and lipase.
Description: Off-white slight malt smelling powder with more than 95% of its
particles passing through #20 mesh.
Indications: Use to improve the overall digestibility of wheat containing diets,
for improved animal performance and better litter condition while
supplementing the animals' own endogenous enzymes. Kemzyme
W Dry aids in the production of mote and cleaner eggs in layers.
Dosage: Use at the rate of O.5kg per ton of feed . Inclusion rate can be increased
to 1 kg per ton depending on the extent of use of wheat in the
formula.
Storage: The product shoUld be stored in cool, dry place away from direct
stmlight. Keep packaging closed when not in use.
Packaging: 25kg bag

325
Chaptel' XI ENZYME: CARBOHYDRASE

NATUGRAIN WHEAT TS BAI No. VRI 06-2753

Company: BASF Pbilippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: BASF SE, Germany
Distributor: Carrington Trading, Inc.

Composition: At least 5,600 Thermo-stable Endo-xylanase units per gram (TXU /

gm) produced by Aspergillus niger
Description: Yellowish-brown powder with particle size of at least 90% < 800um
and bulk density of about 0.35 g/ cm}. It has excellent flow properties
and free of dust.
Indication: Natugrain Wheat TS is indicated for poultry feed containing high
levels of wheat and wheat by-products such as wheat bran to
improve nutrient digestibility. It is recommended for non-pelleted
feed and at pelleting temperatures up to 85°C.
Dosage: Up to 40% wheat in the diet - 280 TXU /kg feed
40-50% wheat in the diet - 420 TXU /kg feed
Over 50% wheat in the diet - 560 TIU /kg feed
Storage: If properly stored in a dry, cool (below 20°C) place, original package
can be kept for at least 12 months. The package should be carefully
sealed again after partial amounts have been withdrawn.
Packagillg: 20 kg corrugated cardboard box with PE inner bag

NATUGRAIN WHEAT TS L BAI No. VRI 06-2754

Company: BASF Pbilippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: BASF SE, Germany
Distributor: Carrington Trading, Inc.

Composition: At least 5,600 Thermo-stable Endo-xylanase units per gram (TXu /

gm) produced by Aspergillus n~ger
Description: Light brownish to brown liquid with a density of approx. 1.16 - 1.2
g/rnl . It has a pH value of 40-4.4
Indication: Natugrain \'(lheat TS L is indicated for poultry feed containing high
levels of wheat and wheat by-products such as wheat bran to
improve nutrient digestibility It is recommended for feeds pelleted
at temperatures above 85°C.
Dosage: Up to 40% wheat in the diet - 280 TXU /kg feed
40-50% wheat in the diet - 420 TXU /kg feed
Over 50% wheat in the diet - 560 TXU /kg feed
Storage: If properly stored in a dry, cool (below 20°C) place, original package
can be kept for at least 12 months.
Packaging: 20 kg corrugated cardboard box with PE inner bag

326
Desenj;tion of Some Nutritional Product.f ENZYME: CARBOHYDRASE

NOPCOZVMEII BAI No. VRI 00-1048

Company: Agrimate, Inc.

Manufacturer: Diasham Resources Pte. Ltd, Singapore
Distributor: Agrimate, Inc.

Description: Nopcozyme II is a blend of dried Aspergillus oryzae fermentation

extract and dried Baallus JubtiliJ fermentation product. It is stabilized
by a patented process so that enzymes are stable for at least 12
months when stored under normal conditions and also during
pelleting (90 c) up to 15 minutes. It is a multi-enzyme product
containing amylase, protease, glucanase, pectinase, xylanase and
galactanase.
Indication: ;\ids in the digestion of carbohydrates and proteins found in animal
feed rations to enhance growth, performance and efficiency in swine
and poultry.
Dosage: Mix 200 to 350 g per ton of complete feed.
Packaging: 25 kg PE lined Kraft bag

NOPCOZYME II (BX+BG) BAI No. VRI 01-1314

Company: Agrimate, Inc.

klanufacturer: Diasham Resources Pte.Ltd., Singapore
Distributor: Agrimate, Inc.

Description: Nopcozyme II (BX+BG) is a concentrated blend of the enzyme

B-xylanase and B-glucanase isolated from AJPergilluJ oryzae and
Badllu.r Jubtilis. The enzymes are stabilized by a patented process-
absorbed into a starch-dextrin matrix and stable at 90 degrees Celsius
up to 15 minutes. The enzyme hydrolyzes the soluble non-starch
polysaccharides (NSPs) pentosans (xylans and arabino-xylans) and
b-glucans that are pressed in wheat and legumes thus, increasing
the digestibility of nutrients and enhance the value of wheat-based
feeds.
Indication: For the manufacture of feeds containing wheat as part of the
ingredients
Dosage: t-...Iix 300 to 500 g per ton of feed.
Packaging: 25 kg PE lined Kraft bag

327
Chapter XI ENZYME: CARBOHYDRASE

OPTIMISE BAI No. VRI 05-2409

Comp:wy: Equalivet Incorporated

Manufacturer: Optivite International Ltd., United Kingdom

Composition: Each gram contains minimum activity: ~-glucanase 5000 BU / g,

xylanase 5000 BXU/g and phytase 500 PPU/g.
Description: Optimise is a multi enzyme preparation on a mineral carrier containing
mould derived phytases, xylanases and glucanases for use in animal
feeds.
Indication: Improves digestibility of NSP such as beta-glucans and xylans and
at the same time breaks phytate, thus, releasing phosphorus as well
as starch, protein and amino acid of the feed .
Dosage: Add 500 g to 1 kg per ton of feed for poultry and swine
Storage: OPTUviiSE is practically stable at room temperature but may be
affected by extreme temperature and humidity. The product may
be stored for 12 months from the date of manufacture at a
temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

OPTIZVMET2 BAI No. VRI 00-1046

Company: Equalivet Incorporated

Manufacturer: Optivite International Ltd., United Kingdom

Composition: Each gram contains minimum activity: ~-glucanase 4,000,000 BU/

kg, ~-glucosidase 25,000 BGU /kg, ~-xylanase 5000 4,000,000 BXU /
kg, amyloglucosidase 20,000 AGU /kg and acid protease 250,000
HUT/ kg.
Description: Optizyme T2 is a convenient and stable multi-enzyme preparation
designed for direct incorporation into animal feeds in the feedmill
or on-farm.
Indication: Supplement the animal body's natural system with enzyme activities
not normally present or found at sub-optimal levels for optimum
feed efficiency.
Dosage: Add 500 g per ton of feed for poultry and swine
Storage: OPTIZY1fE T2 is practically stable at room temperature but may
be affected by extreme temperature and humidity. The product
may be stored for 12 months from the date of manufacture at a
temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

328
Description of Some Nutritional Products ENZYME: CARBOHYDRASE

RONOZYME® AX (CTl BAI No. VRI 05-2278

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: Rovithai Limited, Chonburi, Thailand

Composition: Each gram contains minimum activity: a-amylase 160 [(NU, endo-
1,3 : 1,4-~-glucanase 280 FBG and ~-xylanase 200 FXU.
Description: Ronozyme® AX (CT) is a coated, non-dusty, light brown, granulated
enzyme preparation produced by submerged fermentation of a
Bacillus anryloliquefaciens and Aspergillus oryzae containing the gene from
Thermomyces lanuginosus.
Indication: For the improvement of digestibility of starch and non-starch
polysaccharides in cereal-based diets of poultry and swine
Dosage: Add 300 to 500 g per ton of feed for poultry and swine
Storage: Ronozyme® AX (CT) is practically stable at room temperature but
may be affected by heat and humidity. The product may be stored
for 12 months from the date of manufacture at a temperature below
25°C in the W10pened original container.
Packaging: 20 kg bag

RONOZYME®VP (CTl BAI No. VRI 98-829

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Novozymes A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark

Composition: Each gram contains a minimum fungal ~-glucanase activity of 50

FBG
Description: Ronozyme®VP (CT) is a coated, non-dusty, light-brown granulated
carbohydrase preparation with an average particle size of 500 - 600
mm. The carbohydrase is produced by submerged fermentation of
Aspergillus acu/eatus microorganism. The enzyme complex contains
endo-1,3:1,4- b-glucanse, pentosanase, hemicellulase and pectic-
substance hydrolyzing activities.
Indication: As feed additive to improve the digestibility of hemicellulose-
containing vegetable proteins in diets of poultry and swine.
Dosage: A.dd 200 to 1,200 g per ton of feed
Storage: Ronozyme®VP (CT) maintains its declared activity at for at least 24
months from the date of manufacture when stored in the w10pened
original container and at a temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 20 kg paper bag

329
Chapter XI ENZYME: CARBOHYDRASE

RONOZYME® WX (Cl) BAI No. VRI 97-676

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Novozymes A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark

Composition: Each gram has minimum fungal xylanase activity of 1,000 FXU
Description: Ronozyme® \X/X (Cf) is a coated, non-dusty, light-brown granulated
heat-stable endo-xylanase preparation with an average particle size
of 600 mm. The endo-xylanase is from Thermomyces lanaginosu.f
produced by submerged fermentation of a genetically modified
Aspergillus oryzae microorganism. The main activity is endo-1,4-~­
xylanase.
Indications: As feed additive to improve the utilization of arabinoxylan and other
non-starch polysaccharides in diets of poultry and swine.
Dosage: Add 150 to 300 g per ton of feed, mixed into the feed
Storage: Ronozyme® \XIX (Cf) maintains its declared activity at for at least 12
months from the date of manufacture when stored at a temperature
below 25 DC and for at least 24 months when stored at a temperature
below 5 DC in the unopened original container.
Packaging: 20 kg paper bag

ROVABIO EXCEL AP BAI No. VRI 00-1106

Company: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte Ltd

Manufacturer: ADISSEO France S.A.S

Composition: Endo-1,4 beta-xylanase 1400 A.-,XC units/ml (22,000 units visco/

ml); Endo- 1,3 (4) beta-glucanase 2000 A.GL units/ml and 17 other
enzyme activities.
Description: Rovabio Excel .-\P is a concef.ltrated powder whose main enzymatic
activity is xylanase and beta-glucanase obtained from a fermentation
broth of Penicillium funiculosum.
Indication: For the hydrolysis of pentosans and glucans in cereals resulting in
increase organic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy;
reduction in gut viscocity and free ammonia concentration in the
litter. Improves the nutritional value of feeds containing different
types of cereals (com, wheat, barley, triticale, rye, oats) and oil seed
meals (soya, canola, sunflower) .
Dosage: Swine (piglet, pig, breeder) and Poultry (broiler, broiler breeder, layer,
layer breeder, ducks, turkeys): 50 g/ton of feed
Storage: Keep in a well-ventilated place. Keep at temperature not exceeding
30°C
Packaging: Carton box 25 kg.

330
DeJcription if Some Nutritional Products· ENZYME: CARBOHYDRASE

ROVASIO EXCEL AP T-FLEX SAl No. VRI 08-3272

Company: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte Ltd

Manufacturer: ADISSEO France S.A.S

Composition: Endo-l,4 beta-xylanase 1400 .A.,{.<C units/mI (22,000 units visco/

mI); Endo- 1,3 (4) beta-glucanase 2000 AGL units/mI and 17 other
enzyme activities.
Description: Rovabio Excel AP T-Flex is a concentrated powder whose main
enzymatic activity is xylanase and beta-glucanase obtained from a
fermentation broth of Pem·tilliumfUlZltulosum. A special coating process
ensures an excellent heat-resistance in pelle ted feeds (up to 90°C)
Indication: For the hydrolysis o f pentosans and glucans in cereals resulting in
increase organic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy;
reduction in gut viscocity and free ammonia concentration in the
litter. Improves the nutritional value of feeds containing different
types of cereals (com, wheat, barley, triticale, rye, oats) and oil seed
meals (soya, canola, sunflower).
Dosage: Swine (piglet, pig, breeder) and Poultry (broiler, broiler breeder, layer,
layer breeder, ducks, turkeys): 50 g/ton of feed
Storage: Keep in a well-ventilated place. Keep at temperature not exceeding
30°C
Packaging: Carton box 25 kg.

ROVASIO EXCEL LC SAl No. VRI 02-1613

Company: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte Ltd
Manufacturer: ADISSEO France S.A.S

Composition: Endo-1,4 beta-xylanase 350 AXC units/mI (5,500 units visco/mI),

Endo-1,3 (4) beta-glucanase 500 .'\GL units/mI and 17 other enzyme
activities.
Description: Rovabio Excel LC is a liquid product whose main enzymatic activity
is xylanase and beta-glucanase obtained from a fermentati on broth
of Pe11icillium funimlosum.
Indication: For the hydrolysis of pentosans and glucans in cereals resulting in
increase organic matter digestiblity and metabolizable energy; reduces
gut viscocity; reduces the free ammonia concentration in the litter.

Dosage: Dose in Feed : 200 mI/ ton of feed; The liquid concentrate can be
diluted with water to any desirable quantity before spraying.
Dose in drinking water: 85 to 125m1 per 1000 liters of drinking
wa te r
Storage: Store in a well-closed container at room temperature between 15-
25°C. Protect from sunlight. Shelf-life: 12 months
Packaging: 200-L drum and 1-liter bottle

331
Chapter XI ENZYME: CARBOHYDRASE

ROVABIO MAXAP BAI No. VRI 08-3273

Company: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte Ltd

Manufacturer: ADISSEO France S.A.S

Composition: Endo-1,4 beta-xylanase 1400 AXC units/ml (22,000 units visco/g);

Endo- 1,3 (4) beta-g1ucanase 2000 AGL units/g, 6-phytase 10 000
FTU U / g and 17 other enzyme activities.
Description: Rovabio J\·lax AP is a concentrated powder whose main activities
are xylanase, a-glucanase, phytase and other enzyme activities
obtained from two fermentation broths, from Penicillium funimlosum
and Schizosac<haromyceJpombe.
Indication: For the hydrolysis of pentosans, beta-glucans and phytates in vegetable
raw materials. Increase the metabolizable energy, digestibility, and
reduce gut viscocity and free ammonia concentration in the litter as
well as nitrogen and phosphorus excretion.
Dosage: Swine (piglet, pig, breeder) and Poul try (broiler, broiler breeder, layer,
layer breeder, ducks, turkeys) : 50 g/ton of feed
Storage: Keep in a well-ventilated placeand at temperature not exceeding
30°C
Packaging: Carton box 25 kg. Plastic container 2 kg

ROVABIO MAX lC BAI No. VRI 09-3461

Company: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte Ltd

Manufacturer: ADISSEO France S.A.S

Composition: Endo-1,4 beta-xylanase 350 AXC units/ml (5,500 units visco/ml) ;

Endo-1,3 (4) beta-glucanase 500 AGL units / ml, 6-phytase 2 50
FTU U/g and 17 other enzyme activities.
Description: Rovabio l\fax LC is a concentrated solution whose main activities
are xylanase, a-glucanase, phytase and other enzyme activities obtained
from two fermentation broths, from Penicillium funimlosum and
Schizosaaharomyces pombe.
Indication: For the hydrolysis of pentosans, beta-glucans and phytates in vegetai
raw materials. Increase the metabolizable energy, digestibility, and
reduce gut viscocity and free ammonia concentration in the litter as
well as nitrogen and phosphorus excretion.
Dosage: Dose in Feed: 200 rnl / ton of feed
The liquid concentrate can be diluted with water to any desirable
quantity before spraying to the operative conditions of the ins tallation.
Storage: Store in a well-closed container at room temperature between 15-
25°C.
Protect from sunlight. Shelf-life: 12 months
Packaging: 200-L drum and 1-liter bottle

332
DeSt77ption of Some Nutritional Products ENZYME: CARBOHYDRASE

ROXAZYME®G2G BAI No. VRI 02-1585

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Sisseln, Switzerland

Composition: Each gram contains minimum activity: endo-l,4-~-glucanase 8,000

units, endo-l,3(4)-~-glucanase 18,000 units and endo-l ,4 ~-xylanase
26,000 units.
Description: Roxazyme® G2 G is a practically odorless granulate which is soluble
in water. It contains an enzyme complex derived from TndJoderma
Iongibraohiatum, stabilized and standardized with starch, wheat flour
and vegetable oil. The main activity of this complex are endo-l,4-
~-glucanase , endo-l,3(4)-~-glucanase and endo-l,4 ~-xylanase.
Indication: For the hydrolysis of non-starch polysaccharides in diets of poultry
and swine
Dosage: Add 50 to 200 g per ton of feed for poultry and swine
Storage: Roxazyme® G2 G has a shelf life of 18 months from the date of
m'anufacture when stored at a temperature below 25°C in the
unopened original container.
Packlging: 20 kg paper bag

SAFIZYM GP 60 BAI No. VRI 01-1269

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: SI Lesaffre, France

Composition: Highly concentrated preparation of cellulose, hemicellulase, xylanase,

~-glucanase and other complementary enzymatic activities produced
from submerged fermentation of specially selected strain of
Trichoderma Iongibrachiatum
Description: It is a yellow powder with a fermentation odor; soluble in water.
Indication: For inclusion in feed formulations containing raw materials rich in
cellulose; break down the main constituents of the cell walls of raw
materials with high fiber content, reduce viscosity of the digesta
caused by B-glucans in the feeds and improve nutrient accessibility
and assimilation.
Dosage: Depending on dietary fiber contents and use of alternative raw
materials 20 to 100g/ton.
Storage: Product must be stored in its original container. Shelf-life is 12 months
at the recommended s torage conditions: 4 to 20°C, 40to 80%
humidity.
Packlging: 20 kg bag with polyethylene lining

333
Chapter XI ENZYME: CARBOHYDRASE

SAFIZYM GP 800 SAl No. VRI 01-1258

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: SI Lesaffre, France

Composition: Highly concentrated preparation of cellulose, hemicellulase, xylanase,

C-gIucanase and other complementary enzymatic activities produced
from submerged fermentation of specially selected strain of
Tri,hoderma bngibrcuhiatum
Description: It is a yellow powder with a fermentation odor; soluble in water.
Indication: For inclusion in feed formulations containing raw materials rich in
cellulose; break down the main constituents of the cell walls of raw
materials with high fiber content, reduce viscosity of the digesta
caused by B-glucans in the feeds and improve nutrient accessibility
and assimilation.
Dosage: Depending on dietary fiber contents and use of alternative raw
materials 300 to 800g/ton.
Storage: Product must be stored in its original container. Shelf-life is 12 months
at the recommended storage conditions:4-20°C, 40-80% hwnidity.
Packaging: 25 kg bag with polyethylene lining

SAFIZYM XP 20 SAl No. VRI 99-937

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: SI Lesaffre, France

Composition: Highly concentrated preparation of active xylanase produced from

submerged fermentation of specially selected strain of Tri,hoderma
longibrmhiatum. It also contains large quantities of other enzymatic
activities beta-glucanase, cellulose, hemi-cellulase and debranching
lctivities.
Description: Pllwdered xylanase enzyme
Indication: r,or inclusion in wheat-based poultry rations to achieve the following
effects: Reduced viscosity and improved mixing of the intestinal
contents; freeing of the nutrients trapped within the cellulose and
hemicellulose cell walls; increased speed of which the digesta
components (nutrients, digestive enzymes) are diffused; and increase
digestion of nutrients.
Dosage: The average inclusion rate is 20g/ton of feed for a diet containing
50% wheat. The inclusion rate may be varied according to the feed
formulation and the physiological state of the animal (12-28g/ton).
Storage: The product can be stored for 36 months at 20-30°Cdand 20-90° II
humidity without changes in appearance and composition. Store away
from direct sunlight and always keep package well closed.
Packaging. 20 kg bag with polyethylene lining

334
- eJcription of Some Nutritional Products ENZYME: CARBOHYDRASE

SAFIZYM XL 200 BAI No. VRI 01-1213

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.
]~fanufacturer: SI Lesaffre, France
Composition: Highly concentrated preparation of active }{ylanase which is produced
by a submerged fermentation of a selected strain of Tri.hoderm
!ong£bra,hiatum. It also contains large quantities of other enzymatic
activities beta-glucanase, cellulose, hemi-cellulase and debra.l1ching
activities.
Description: It is a brown, aqueous solution with a fermentation odor.
Indication: For inclusion in wheat-based feed formulations in order to reduce
viscosity of the diges ta caused by arabinoxylans, to break down the
main constituents of the endosperm cell wall to improve nutrient
accessibility and assimilation.
Dosage: Inclusion rate is 200ml/ ton of feed for a diet containing 50% wheat.;
\'\Iheat, 20%: 120g/ton; \'(iheat, 30%; 140g/ton; Wheat, 40%: 160g/
ton; Wheat, 50%: 200g/ton; \'\.'heat, 60%: 240g/ton; \Xlheat, 70%:
280g/ton.
Storage: Shelf-life is 6 months at the recorrunended storage cor..ditions: 10-
20°C, 40 - 80% humidity. Product must be stored in its original
container.
Packaging: 200 L; 1000 L Reinforced PE drums

SAFIZYM XP 500 BAI No. VR198-762

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.
Manufacturer: SI Lesaffre, France
Composition: Highly concentrated preparation of active xylanase produced frem
submerged fermentation of specially selected strain of Trichoderuu
!ongibrmhiatum. It also contains large quantities of other enzvm:ltic
activities beta-glucanase, cellulose, hemi-cellulase and debranching
activities.
Description: Powdered xylanase enzyme
Indication: For inclusion in wheat-based poultry ratiolls to achieve the following
effects: Reduced viscosity and improved wixing of the intesti nal
contents; freeing of the nutrients trapped wi thin the cellulose and
hemicellul ose cell walls; increased speed of which the digesta
components are diffused; and increase digestion of nutrients.
Dosage: Ihe average inclusion rate is 500g/ton of feed for a diet cuntall1ing
50% wheat.. The inclusion rate may be varied according to the feed
formulation and the physiological state of the animal (300-7UUg/
ton).
Storage: The product can be stored for 12 mOllths al 20-30°C and 20-80o,j,
humidity without changes in appearance and composition. Store away
from direct sunlight and always keep package well dosed .
Packaging 20 kg bag witl! polyethylelle lilling
335
Chapter XI ENZYME: CARBOHYDRASE

ZYMPEX006 BAI No. VRI 03-1759

Company: Nuevo Milenio, Inc.

Manufacturer. Impextraco NV, Belgium
Distributor. Nuevo Milenio, Inc.

Composition. Endo 1,4 ~-xylanase, endo 1,3 (4) ~-glucanase and endo-cellulase,
amylase, stabilizing agents and specially selected carrier
Description: Zympex 006 is an off-white to grayish free-flowing powder
Indication. To improve the digestibility of poultry and swine diets containing
high levels of arabinoxylans and beta-glucans
Dosage: 250-500 g/ton of feed
Storage: Store in a dry, cool place in the original sealed packaging
Packaging 25 kg in kraft paper bag.

ZYMPEX008 BAI No. VRI 05-2309

Company: Nuevo Milenio, Inc.

Manufacturer. Impextraco NV, Belgium
Distributor. Nuevo Milenio, Inc

Composition. a-galactosidase, ~-mannanase, protease, amylase, ~ - glucanase,

},:ylanase and cellulase, co-factor, stabilizing agents and specially selected
carner
Description. Zympex 008 is an off-white to grayish free-flowing powder
Indication: To improve the digestibilty of poultry and swine diets containing
high raffmose, stachyose, verbascose and b-mannans and to reduce
total feed cost
Dosage: 250-500 g/ton of feed
Storage: Store in a dry, cool place in the original sealed packaging
Packaging 25 kg in aluminum bag.

336
Description of Some Nutritional Products ENZYME: PHYTASE

AVEMIX P5000 BAI No. VRI 07-3097

Company: Ariela Marketing Co., Inc.

Manufacturer: Aveve Group, Minderbroederssraat, Belgium

Composition: Phytase 5000 FfU / g

Description: Avemix P5000 is off-white to light brown powder feed additive
produced by yeast fermentation containing the gene from E.coli.
Indication: Improves the digestibility of phosphorus, calcium trace elements
and protein in feeds and feed ingredients of swine and poultry.
Dosing: Apply Avemix P5000 per ton of feed:
Layers 60g Laying Duck 80g
Broilers 100g Duck 100g
Swine 100g
Storage: Avemix P5000 is stable for 12 months from the date of manufacture
in unopened bag under cool and dry condition.
Packaging: 25 kg bag.

CAPSOZYMEP BAI No. VRI 06-2628

Company. Philchema, Inc.

fylanufacturer. Industrial Tecnica Pecuaria S.A. , Spain
Distributor. Philchema, Inc.

Composition: Phytase 5000 Units

Description: Highly stable and active phytase
Indication: Increase phytate phosphorus availability and improves digestibility
of other nutrients bound to phytic acid such as amino acids, calcium
and trace elements.
Dosage: Swine and Broilers - 150 g/I\IT, Layers - 90 g/MT
Storage: Keep in dry, cool place.
Packaging 25 kg bag

337
Chapter XI ENZYME: PHYTASE

FINASE EC SAl No. VRI 09 - 3454

Company: Prom ax International

Manufacturer: AB Enzymes GmbH, Germany

Composition: Phytase enzyme 5,000 PPU / gram minimum activity from ESlherithia
toii ( E.c. 3.13.26)
Description: FIN.-\SE® EC is an enzyme sourced from Estherichia wElts main
activity is phytase. It also contains other activities such as B glucanase,
cellulase and xylanase which make the preparation very efficient in
the digestion of plant material.
Indication: FINASE® liberates phytate-bound phosphate from raw materials
of plant originThe 6-phytase included is highly active w1der intestinal
circumstance, which is important for good efficiency at low retention
time in poultry and is highly active under intestinal circumstances
such as low pH in pigs.
Dosage: Poultry use at the rate of 60g/ton feeds for layers and 100g/ton
feeds for broilers. Pigs use at the rate of 100g/ton of feeds.
Precaution: Avoid the formation of aerosol and dust of the product. Repeated
inhalation of enzyme aerosol or dust may cause allergic type reactions
in sensitive individuals.

GENOPHOS 5000 SAl No. VRI 07-2958

Company: Easy Bio Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Easy Bio System, Inc., South Korea
Distributor: Easy Bio Philippines, Inc.

Composition: Phytase - min. 5,000 phytase units

Description: A free flowing faint yellow powder or yellow colored granule. It
contains Phytase as main enzymes. It provides a natural phosphorous
source from phytate in feed stuff. It increases the utilization of mineral
and other nutrients. It helps to reduce environmental pollution caused
by excess phosphorous excretion thereby improving animal
performance.
Indicatioll: Decreases phosphorous and nitrogen excretion; improves nutrient
utilization in the feed; improves weight gain; improves feed conversion
efficiency; improves flock uniformity
Dosage: Layers: 60 g/ton of feed Broilers: 100 g/ton of feed
Swine: 100 g/ton of feed
Storage: Keep container closed. Store in cool dry place and protect from
light. Store under normal temperature from 15° C to 35° C.
Packaging: 20 kg [(raft bag with inner plastic liner

338
Description of Some Nutritional Prodtltts ENZYME: PHYTASE

NATUPHOS 10000 G BAI No. VRI 01-1278

Company: BASF Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: BASF SE, Germany
Distributor: Carrington Trading, Inc.

Composition: Phytase activity of at least 10,000 FTU/gm

Description: Fine, white, coated, dust-free granulate with particle size of at least
90% < 0.8mm and bulk density of about 0.75 g/cm3 . It is a highly
efficient 3-phytase produced by a non-pathogenic strain of .AJpergilfus
niger; recommended for feeds pelleted at temperatures below 85°C.
Indication: Natuphos 10000G is a phytase enzyme that improves the digestibility
of phosphorus, calcium, trace elements and proteins/amino acids in
the GIT of pigs, poultry and fish; reduces phosphorus and nitrogen
excretion in the environment..
Dosage: Pigs: 500 - 1000 FTU/kg feed; Broiler: 500 - 1000 FTU/kg feed
Layer - 300 - 600 FTU /kg feed
Storage: If properly stored in a dry, cool (below 20°C) place, original package
can be kept for at least 15 months. The package should be carefully
sealed again after partial amounts have been withdrawn.
Packaging: 20 kg corrugated cardboard box with PE inner bag

NATUPHOS 10000 L BAI No. VRI 05-2391

Company: BASF Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: BASF SE, Germany
Distributor: Carrington Trading, Inc.

Composition: Phytase activity of at least 10,000 FTU/gm

Description: Yellowish-brown liquid with pH value of approx. 3.5 and density
of 1.18 - 1.23g/cm 3 (0-20°C). It is a highly efficient 3-phytase enzyme
that is produced by a non-pathogenic strain of Ajpergiffus niger. It is
infmitely miscible with water.
Indication: Natuphos 10000 L is phytase enzyme that improves the digestibility
of phosphorus, calcium, trace elements and proteins/amino acids in
the GIT of pigs, poultry and fish; reduces phosphorus and nitrogen
excretion in the environment. The use of Natuphos 10000 L is
recommended for peUeted feed and at pelleting temperatures above
85°C \'ia a suitable post-pelleting application system.
Dosage: Pigs: 500 - 1000 FTU / kg feed ; Broiler: 500 - 1000 FTU /kg feed
Layer: 300 - 600 FTU /kg feed
Storage: If properly stored in a dry, cool (below 20°C) place, original package
can be kept for at least 12 months. The package should be carefully
sealed again after partial amounts have been withdrawn.
Packaging: 500 kg me

339
Chapter XI ENZYME: PHYTASE

NATUPHOS 5000 BAI No. VRI 07-2848

Company: BASF Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: BASF SE, Germany
Distributor: Carrington Trading, Inc.

Composition: Phytase activity of at least 5,000 FTU/gm

Description: Fine, yellowish-brown, dust-free powder with particle size of at
least 95% < O.63mm and bulk density of about 0.35 g/cm3 . It is a
highly effIcient 3-phytase produced by a non-pathogenic strain of
Aspergillus niger, recommended for non-pelle ted feed and at pelieting
temperatures below 75°C.
Indication: Natuphos 5000 is a phytase enzyme that improves the digestibility
of phosphorus, calcium, trace elements and proteins/amino acids in
the GIT of pigs , poultry and fish; reduces phosphorus and nitrogen
excretion in the en vironment.
D osage: Pigs: 500 - 1000 FfU / kg feed ; Broiler: 500 - 1000 FTU / kg feed
Layer: 300 - 600 FTU / kg feed
Storage: If properiv stored in a dry, cool 0)elow 20°C) place, orig,m al package
can be kept for at least 12 months. The package should be carefully
sealed again after partial amounts have been withdrawn.
Packaging: 20 kg corrug,ned cardboard box with PE lnner bag

NATUPHOS 5000 G BAI No. VRI 96-415

Company: BASF Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: BASF SE, Germany
Distributor: Carrington Trading, Inc.

Composition: Phytase activity of at least 5,000 FTU /gm

Description: Fine, white, coated, dust-free granulate with particle size of at least
90% < 0.8mm and bulk density of about 0.7g/cm 3. It is a highl:-
efficient 3-phytase produced by a non-pathogenic s train of AJpergillw
niger in large-scale fermentation processes; recommended for feeds
pelleted at temperatures below 85°C
Indication: Natuphos 5000G is a phytase enzyme that improves the digestibility
of phosphorus, calcium, trace elements and proteins / amino acids in
the GIT of pigs, poultry and fish; reduces phosphoms and nitrogen
excretion in the environment
Dosage: Pigs : 500 - 1000 FTU/kg feed; Broiler: 500 - 1000 FTU/kg feed
Layer: 300 - 600 FTU / kg feed
Storage: If properly stored in a dry, cool (below 20°C) place, original package
can be kept for at leas t 15 months. The package should be carefully
sealed again after partial amounts have been withdrawn.
Packaging: 20 kg corrugated cardboard box with PE inner bag

340
Description if Some Nutn"tiona! Products ENZYME: PHYTASE

NATlIPHOS 5000L BAI No. VRI 00-1104

Company: BASF Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: BASF SE, Germany
Distributor: Carrington Trading, Inc.

Composition: Phytase activity of at leas t 5,000 FTU / gm

Description: Yellowish-brown liquid with pH value of approx. 3.5 and density
of 1.15 - 1.25g/c m 3 (0-20°C) . It is a highly efficient 3-phytase
produced by a non-pathogenic strain of Aspergillus niger in large-
scale fermentation processes. It is infinitely miscible with water.
Indication: Natuphos 5000L is phytase enzyme that improve the digestibility of
phosphorus, calcium, trace elements and proteins/amino acids in
the GIT of pigs, poultry and fish; reduces phosphorus and nitrogen
excretion in the environment. The use of Natuphos SOOOL is
recommended for feeds pelle ted at temperatures above 85°C via a
suitable post-pelleting application system.
Dosage: Pigs: 500 - 1000 FTU/kg feed; Broiler: 500 - 1000 FTU/kg feed
Layer: 300 - 600 FTU / kg feed
Storage: If properly stored in a dry, cool (below 20°C) place, original package
can be kept for at least 12 months. The package should be carefully
sealed again after partial amounts have been withdrawn:
Packaging: 125 kg PE drum

OPTIPHOS 2000 BAI No. VRI 06-2749

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: JBS United, Inc., Indiana, USA

Composition: Phytase activity (pichia paston's) 2,000 FTU / g

Description: OptiPhos is the next generation phytase enzyme derived from E.mu.
Indication: Used as an additive to poultry and swine feeds. Contains phytase
which increases the digestibility of phytin bound phosphorus in poultty
and swine rations.
Dosage: 75-125 g/ton of feed
Storage: Store in a dry place at temperature not exceeding 22°C
Packaging: 20 kg bag

341
Chapter XI ENZYME: PHYTASE

RONOZYME®NP (el) BAI No. VRI 08-3359

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Map ufa cturer: Novozymes A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark

Composition: Each gram contains minimum activity of 10,000 FYT.

Description: . Ronozyme® NP (CT) is a coated, non-dusty, biege,granulated enzyme
preparation from Peniophora !yeii produced by submerged
fermentation of a genetically modified A.rpergillus oryzae. The average
particle size is approximately 500 fll11. The color may vary from
batch to batch but color intensity is not an indication of product
strength.
Indication: Hydrolysis of phytate phosphorus thereby increasing the availability
of phosphorus in diets of poultry and swine.
Dosage: Add 50 to 200 g per ton of feed for poultry and swine
Storage: Ronozyme® NP (CT) maintains its declared activity for 12 months
from the date of manufacture when stored in the unopened original
container and at a temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 20 kg bag

RONOZYME®NP (M) BAI No. VRI 08-3377

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: Novozymes A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark

Composition: Each gram contains minimum activity of 50,000 Fxl.

Description: Ronozyme®NP (10 is a coated, non-dusty, biege,granulated enzyme
preparation from Peniophora !ya'j produced by submerged
fermentation of a genetically modified Ajpergi!!us oryzae. The average
particle size is approximately 240 ,u.m. The color may vary from
batch to batch but color intensity is not an indication of product
strength.
Indication: Hydrolysis of phytate phosphorus thereby increasing the availability
of phosphorus in diets of poultty and swine.
Dosage: •.l,dd 12 to 60 g per ton of mash feed for poultry and swine
Storage: Ronozyme® NP (10 maintains its declared activity for 12 months
from the date of manufacture when stored in the unopened original
. container and at a temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 20 kg bag

342
 eJl77"ption of Some Num"tionai Products ENZYME: PHYTASE

ZYMPEX P5000 BAI No. VRI 03-1760

Company: Nuevo Mitenio, Inc.

Manufacturer. Impextraco NY, Belgium
Distributor. Nuevo Milenio, Inc.

Compositiorr. Acid phytase, acid phosphatase, stabilizing agents and specially selected
carner
Descriptiorr. Zympex P5000is an off-white to grayish free-flowing powder
Indication: To release phosphorus from phytin and increase the availability of
essential nutrients from feed ingredients. For use in animal feed
Dosage: Standard: 100g/ton of feed Layer: 60g/ton of feeds
Storage: Store in a dry, cool place in the original sealed packaging
Packaging 25 kg in kraft paper bag.

ENZYME: PROTEASE

OPTIPRO BAI No. VRI1 0-3908

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: Dyadic International (USA), Inc., Florida, USA

Composition: Protease .-\ctivity: NLT 2,000 KDf\PU /g

NLT 3,000 Kl\JDU/g
Description OPTIPRO is a bacterial alkaline protease produced by the controlled
fermentation of Bacillus licheniformis.
Indication: Enhances dle digestibility of interior peptide bonds of protein molecules
present in wide range of feedstuffs; hemoglobin, casein, egg yolk, soya,
gelatin, fish and other proteins are hydrolyzed to lower molecular weight
pep tides.
Dosage: I\Iix into complete diets at a minimal dose rate of 28 grams/I\[T of
compound feed; higher dose rate up to 42 grams /l\[T may be added
safely in accordance to the protein composition of the feed.
Storage: Store in the original, closed packaging at room temperature (21-25°C)
and out direct sunlight.
Packaging: 75 kg drum

343
Chapter XI ENZYME: PROTEASE

POULTRYGROW 250 BAI No. VRI 03-1827

Company: NewGen Marketing Inc.

Manufacturer: Jefo Nutrition, Quebec, Canada
Distributor: NewGen Marketing Inc.

Composition: Protease and inactivated yeast

Description: Naturally and exceptionally stable protease enzyme complex for
poultry and aqua. Liberates the protein and amino acids in the feeds.
Resistant to anti-trypsic factors commonly found in many vegetable
protein sources. I\Iay reduce the required crude protein and amino
acids content by 3-5%.
Indication: Used in corn-soya based poultry and aqua feeds.
Dosage: 125 g/ton of feeds
Storage: Keep container well sealed after opening. Store in dry and clean area
Packaging: Bag of 25 kg.

RONOlYME®ProAct (CT) BAI No. VRI 09-3482

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: N ovozymes Latin America Ltda., Araucariao-Parana, Brazil

Composition: Each gram contains minimum activity of 75,000 PROT.

Description: Ronozyme® ProAct (i\Q is a coated, non-dusty, biege, granulated
serine protease preparation produced by submerged fermentation
of BadlluJ li{henijormis. The average particle size is approximately 500
Ilffi. The color may vary from batch to batch but color intensi ty is
not an indication of product strength.
Indication: To improve the digestibility of dietary proteins in poultry diets
Dosage: Add 200 g per ton of feed for poultry
Storage: Ronozyme® ProAct maintains its declared activity for 24 months
from the date of manufacture when stored in the unopened original
container and at a temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 20 kg bag

344
Desmption of Some Nutritional Prodtltts ESSENTIAL OILS

AMCIACTIVO BAI No. FA-010

Company: Ariela Marketing Co., Inc.

Manufacturer: Grasp Industria E Comercio Ltda., Brazil

Composition: Encapsulated essential oils from oregano, rosemary, thyme and

capStCWTI
Description: A flavoring and phytogenic additive developed from a synergistic
combination of essential oils microencapsulated in pure protein ,U1d
stable triglyceride matrix. It is a natural product, with nutraceutical
function, composed of an association of active principles of essential
oils from oregano, rosemary, thyme and chili pepper extracts. It has
been assessed and has been proven to be an excellent alternative to
antibiotic growth promotants (;\GP) .
Indication: To stimulate appetite during all phases of swine and poultry
production.
Dosing: Poultry: 100-150 g/ ton of feed
Swine: 100-300 g/ton of feed
Storage: Store in a dry place and avoid direct sunlight
Packaging: 25 kg bag

AROMEX BAI No. VRI 05-2342

Company: Agrimate, Inc.

Manufacturer: Delacon Biotechnik GmbH, Austria
Distributor: Agrimate, Inc.

Composition: Oils of wild thyme and peppermint, and vege table

oils sprayed on to mineral and organic carriers.
Description: Aromex is a feed flavor that provides long-term gustatory and
olfactory stimulation. It is a free-flowing whitish-brown powder
with intensive aroma of essential oils and herbs.
Indication: For flavoring of swine and cattle feed~.
Dosage: For swine fatteners and sows use 300 g/ton of feed. For cattle
fatteners, 350 g/ ton, and for dairy cows, use 5 g/ cow / day. Aromex
should be pre-mixed in a small amount of feeds prior to
incorporation into the bulk feeds to ensure thorough mixing.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

345
Chapter XI ESSENTIAL OILS

SIOSTRONG 510 SAl No. 05-2343

Company: Agrimate, Inc.

Manufacturer: Delacon Biotechnik GmbH, Austria
Distributor: Agrimate, Inc.

Description: Biostrong 510 is a combination of highly effective essential Oil

complex and plant base substances that optimize performance by
enhancing the retention of all essential nutrients and minerals.
Indication: To increase feed intake and nutrient digestibility to
optimize performance.
Dosage: 150 grams per ton of feeds
Packlging: 10 kilo and 25 kilo PE/j\lwninwn polycoated paper bags.

CRINA®pOULTRY SAl No. VRI 08-3432

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: DSM Nutritional Products, Gland, Switzerland

Composition: Per g of product contains minimum 220 mg of essential oil

compounds
Description: CRIN.'\''!l Poultry is a blend of flavoring compounds for animal
nutrition. It is a carefully balanced combination of essential oil
compounds of high purity in their natural/nature-identical form on
a carrier. It is a free flowing, non-dusty powder with a characteristic
odor.
Indication: To improve the digestibility of the diet, gut health and animal
Dosage: .'\dd 100 to 150 grams per ton of booster and starter poultry feed;
50 to 100 grams per ton of grower and finisher poultry feed
Storage: CRIN_-\® Poultry may be stored for 18 months from the date of
manufacture in the unopened, original container in a dry place at a
temperature below 25°C. Prolonged storage at temperatures above
30 °C should be avoided
Packlging: 25 kg aluminum bag

346
Descnptioll 0/ Some NlJtntiolloi ProdlJitJ ESSENTIAL OJ LS

BAI No. VRI 08-3434

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: DSM Nutritional Products, Gland, Switzerland

Composition: Per g of product contains minimum 140 mg of essential oil

compounds
Description: CRIN.o\ ® Piglets is a blend of flavoring compounds for animal
nutrition. It is a carefully balanced combination of essential oil
compounds of high purity in their natural/nature-identical form on
a carrier. It is a free flowing, non-dusty powder with a characteristic
odor.
Indication: To improve the digestibility of the diet, gut health and animal
Dosage: Add 100 to 200 grams per ton of piglet feed
Storage: CRINA® Piglets may be stored for 18 months from the date of
manufacture in the unopened, original container in a dry place at a
temperature below 25 °C. Prolonged storage at temperatures above
30 °C should be avoided.
Packaging: 25 kg aluminum bag

CRINA®FINISHING PIGS AND SOWS BAI No. VRI 08-3433

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: DSM Nutritional Products, Gland, Switzerland

Composition: Per g of product contains minimum 160 mg of essential oil

compounds
Description: CRINA® Finishing Pigs and Sows is a blend of flavoring compounds
for animal nutrition. It is a carefully balanced combination of essential
oil compounds of high purity in their natural/nature-identical form
on a carrier. It is a free flowing, non-dusty powder with a characteristic
odor.
Indication: To improve the digestibility of the diet, gut health and animal
Dosage: _<\dd 75 to 150 grams per ton of feed for fmishing pigs and sows
Storage: CRINA® Finishing Pigs and Sows may be stored for 18 months
t-rom the date of manufacture in the unopened, original container in
a dry place at a temperature below 25°C. Prolonged storage at
temperatures above 30 °C should be avoided.
Packaging: ~5 kg aluminum bag

347
Chapter XI ESSENTIAL OILS

DOSTO GREEN BAI No. VRI 08-3315

Company: Broadchem Corporation

Manufacturer: Dostofarm® GmbH, Germany
Distributor: Broadchem Corporation

Composition: Oregano Oil, Diatomaceous earth E551 C

Description: Dosto Green® is a grey coloured fine powder, non water soluble,
spicy and strongly aromatic.
Indication: Stimulates appetite, improves feed consumption, stabilizes digestion
and increase weight gain. For Swine, Poultry (Layers and Broilers)
Dosage: 200 g to 2 kg per ton of complete feeds
Storage: ~rinimum shelf life at correct storage (dry) in original package - 24
months after manufacture
Packaging: 25 kgs bag with aluminum barrier fUm

FRESTAF CON BAI No. VRI 05-2344

Company: Agrimate, Inc.

Manufacturer: Delacon Biotechnik GmbH, Austria
Distributor: Agrimate, Inc.

Description: Fresta F Con is a combination of highly effective essential oil

complex and plant base substances that optimize performance
by improving feed intake and nutrient retention to reduced sows
weight loss during lactation.
Indication: Enhances flavor and digestion of sows and piglets to optimize
performance.
Dosage: 300 grams per ton
Packaging: 10 kilo and 25 kilo PE/Aluminum coated paper bags

348
Desmption of Some NutniionaL Produi1J ESSENTIAL OILS

GENEX BAI No. FA-471

Company: Equalivet Incorporated

Manufacturer: Optivite International Ltd., United Kingdom

Composition: Volatile fatty acids and their salts, specific natural oils and plant extracts,
and activated verxite carrier.
Description: GENEX is a naturally derived treatment that protects the nutrient
value feed, promotes optimal digestibility and encourages maximum
expression of genetic potential.
Indication: For use in feeds to reduce contamination by pathogenic bacteria and
molds, and improve digestibility, thus, helping the animals improve
their natural genetic potential.
Dosage: A.dd 2 kg per ton of feed
Storage: GENEX is practically stable at room temperature but may be
affected by extreme temperature and humidity. The product may
be stored for 12 months from the date of manufacture at a
temperature below 25°C. Storage temperature of above 30 °C
may affect the efficiency of the product.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

ROPADIAR POWDER PLUS BAI No. FA-246

Company: Nuevo Milenio, Inc.

A1anufacturer. Ropapharm International BV, Netherlands
Distributor. Nuevo Milenio, Inc.

Compositiou. 8% Oregano oil and selected carrier

Description: Ropadiar Powder Plus is characterized as a light brown fine powder
with aromatic oregano odour, slightly piquant.
Indicatiou. A natural product to enhance palatability of feed and prevents adverse
effects of microbial diseases. Use in animal feed.
Dosage: Swine : 200-500 g/ton of feeds, Poultry: 150-500 g/ton of feeds
Storage: Store in a dry, cool place in the original sealed packaging
Packaging: 25 kg in kraft paper bag.

349
Chapter XI ESSENTIAL OILS

ROPADIAR SOLUTION BAI No. VRI 09-3494

Company: Nuevo Milenio, Inc.

Manufacturer. Ropapharm International BV, Netherlands
Distributor. Nuevo Milenio, Inc.

Composition. 8% Oregano oil and selected carrier

Description: Ropadiar Solution is a clear, light yellow liquid, with aromatic oregano
odour
Indication: A natural product to enhance palatability of feed and prevents adverse
effects of microbial diseases.
Dosage: Poultry: Im1/10L of drinking water
Storage: Store in a dry, cool place in the original sealed packaging
Packaging 1 L in plastic container.

FEED INGREDIENT

EXTRUDED FULL FAT SOYA BAI No. FI L-195

Company: Seastemas International, Inc.

Manufacturer: Seastemas International, Inc.

Composition: 1\ fade from 100% US Soybeans

Description: :\. high protein and energy feed ingredient cooked thru the use of
extrusion technology. This process denatures anti-nutritional factors
and retains soybean oil thereby making it a highly digestible and
palatable feed ingredient for poultry and livestock animals.
Indication: :\. high density feed ingredient for improving growth rate and
production performance of animals; Can be used in all rations.
Dosage: Swine and Poultry: 5-20%
Aqua: 10-30%
Storage: Store in a cool and dry place away from direct sunlight and other
sources of heat.
Packaging: Approximately 50 kg sack.

350
Desmption oj Some Nutritional Products FEED INGREDIENT

EXTRUDED CORN BAI No. FIL-196

Company: Seastemas International, Inc.

Manufacturer: Seastemas International, Inc.

Composition: .i\rade from 100% Yellow Corn

Description: A highly digestible and palatable energy feed ingredient that underwent
extrusion. The process gelatinizes the starch making it the most
bioavailable energy source for yOW1g animals.
Indication: i\.n excellent source of energy for young animals, ideal for improving
growth rate and production performance; Prevents scouring in piglets.
Dosage: Swine: 25-45%
Poultry: 30-40%
Aqua: 15-25%
Storage: Store in a cool and dry place away from direct sunlight and other
sources of heat.
Packaging: Approximately 50 kg sack.

MEAT & BONE MEAL BAI No. FI - 1558

Company: Diconex (Phils.), Inc.

Manufacturer: Baker Commodities Inc., U.S.A.
Distributor: Diconex (Phils.), Inc.

Composition: Protein: 50% min; Fat: 12% max; Moisture: 10% ma..'{;
Ash: 28% max; Fiber: 4% max; Digestibility: 88% min;
Calcium: 8% min; Phosphorus: 4% min;
Metabolizable Energy: 2800 Kcal/kg
Indication: Valuable source of highly digestible protein, calcium, phosphorus &
essential amino acids.
Dosage: 3 to 5% of feed formulation
Storage: The product may be stored for 12 months from the date of container.
Packaging: 50 kg/bag net.

351
Chapter XI FLAVORS

ANISE FEEDAROMA BAI No. FA-143

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: Oshawa Specialty Products, Ontario, Canada

Composition: Roughage products, dextrose, saccharin, natural and artificial flavor

components.
Description /\ supplement optimized for improving feed intake.
Indication: i\[ixing with adult swine rations to assure feed intake by masking
odor and bad taste of feed ingredients or medicated feeds. For use
by commercial feed millers who want to customize the flavor and
aroma of the feeds that they market.
Dosage: In liquid or dry form, equivalent to 30-120 grams of concentrate
per metric ton of complete feed.
Storage: Keep tightly sealed, in a cool area. Reseal bag after use.
Packaging: 45 Gallons

AROMASTAT BAI No. FA-142

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: Oshawa Specialty Products, Ontario, Canada

Composition: Roughage products, dextrose, natural & artificial flavor components,

propylene glycol, saccharin, emulsifiers, silica oxide & BHT.
Description: A concentrated all-purpose flavor with intense aroma.
Indication: Helps overcome feed rejection of unpala-table feed ingredients,
mineral & medicated feed supplements.
Dosage: l\lix 500 g to 1 kg/ ton of feed
Storage: Store in a dry place away from heat. Keep bag tightly closed when
not in use.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

352
DeJ(nptiofl ,? Some Nlltntionaf Products FLAVORS

EUROAROM MA 11 BAI No. FA-118

Company: Eurotec Nutrition Philippines, Inc.

.~anufacturer: Iproa, S.L., Spain

Composition: Milky butter flavor and aroma

Description: Fine white creamy fluid powder
Indication: Better homogeneity in early-weaned litters both in weight and number
of weaned piglets. The better flavor and aroma of the feed stimulates
salivation facilitatillg mastication and hydrolysis of carbohydrates
and protein, resulting in a signifICant decrease in non-infectious
diarrhea.
Dosage: Pre-starter 250-500g/ton with common feed formulas. Starter 150-
250g/ton.The use of uncommon, highly unpalatable raw materials
may require higher inclusion levels or a special feed flavor formulation.
Storage: Store in a cool and dry place away from direct sunlight and always
keep recommended storage conditIons: 18-20°C
Packaging: 25 kg pack with special flavor-proof liner

EUROAROM PF29MGS BAI No; FA-117

Company: Eurotec Nutrition Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Iproa, S.L., Spain

Composition: Strawberry, Raspberry, Apple with sweetened milk bottom notes

Description: Free flowing powder
Indication: Better homogeneity in early-weaned litters both in weight and number
of weaned piglets. The better flavor and aroma of the feed stimulates
salivation facilitating mastication and hydrolysis of carbohydrates
and protein, resulting in a significant decrease in non-infectious
diarrhea.
Dosage: Pre-starter 100-250g/ton with common feed formulas. Starter 60-
100g/ton.The use of uncommon, highly unpalatable raw materials
may require higher inclusion levels or a special feed flavor formulation.
Storage: Store in a cool and dry place away from direct sunlight and always
keep package well closed. The product can be stored for 18 months
without changes in appearance and composition at the recommended
storage condi tions: 18- 20°C
Packaging: 25 kg pack with special flavor-proof liner

353
Chapter XI FLAVORS

EUROAROM PF30S BAI No. FA-116

Company: Eurotec Nutrition Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Iproa, S.L., Spain

Composition: Red fruits (Strawberry, Raspberry, Apple) with butter and milky notes
and sweetener
Description: Free flowing powder
Indication: Better homogeneity in early-weaned litters both in weight and number
of weaned piglets. The better flavor and aroma of the feed stimulates
salivation facilitating mastication and hydrolysis of carbohydrates
and protein, resulting in a significant decrease in non-infectious
diarrhea.
Dosage: Pre-starter 250-500g/ton with common feed formulas. Starter 150-
250g/tonThe use of uncommon, highly unpalatable raw materials
may require higher inclusion levels.
Storage: Store in a cool and dry place away from direct sunlight and always
keep package well closed. The product can be stored for 18 months
without changes in appearance and composition at the recommended
storage conditions: 18-20°C
Packaging: 25 kg pack with special flavor-proof liner

EUROAROM PF31 BAI No. FA-114

Company: Eurotec Nutrition Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Iproa, S.L., Spain

Composition: .\pple flavor with milky notes and sweetener

Description: Free flowing powder
Indication: Better homogeneity in early-weaned litters both in weight ,md number
of weaned piglets The better flavor and aroma of the feed stimulates
salivation facilitating mas tication and hydrolysis of carbohydrates
and protein, resulting in a significant decrease In non-tnfectious
diarrhea.
Dosage: Pre-starter 250-500g/ton with common feed formulas. Starter 150-
250g/ton.The use of uncommon, highly unpalatable raw materials
may require higher inclusion level.
Storage: Store in a cool and dry place away from direct sunlight and always
keep package well closed. The product can be stored for 18 months
without changes in appearance and composition at the recommended
storage conditions: 18-20°C
Packaging: 25 kg pack With special flavor-proof liner

354
Description of Some Nutritional Products FLAVORS

EUROAROM PF32L BAI No. FA-43

Company: Eurotec Nutrition Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Iproa, S.L., Spain

Composition: Strawberry, Raspberry and Vanilla

Description: Free flowing powder
Indication: Better homogeneity in early-weaned litters both in weight and number
of weaned piglets. The better flavor and aroma of the feed stimulates
salivation facilitating mastication and hydrolysis of carbohydrates
and protein, resulting in a significant decrease in non-infectious
diarrhea.
Dosage: Pre-starter 100-250g/ton with common feed formulas. Starter 60-
100g/ton.The use of uncommon, highly unpalatable raw materials
may require higher inclusion levels or a special feed flavor formulation .
Storage: Store in a cool and dry place away from direct sunlight and always
keep package well closed. The product can be stored for 18 months
without changes in appearance and composition at the recommended
storage conditions: 18-20°C
Packaging: 25 kg pack with special flavor-proof liner

EUROAROM PF32S BAI No. FA-115

Company: Eurotec Nutrition Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Iproa, S.L., Spain
Distributor:
Composition: Red fruits (Strawberry, Raspberry, Apple) with milky notes and
sweetener
Description: Free flowing powder
Indication: Better homogeneity in early-weaned litters both in weight and number
of weaned piglets. The better flavor and aroma of the feed stimulates
salivation facilitating mastication and hydrolysis of carbohydrates
and protein, resul ting in a significant decrease in noo-infectious
diarrhea.
Dosage: Pre-starter 250-500g/ton with common feed formulas. Starter 150-
250g/ton.1l1e use of uncommon, highly unpalatable raw materials
may require higher inclusion levels.
Storage: Store in a cool and dry place away from direct sunlight and always
keep package well closed. The product can be stored for 18 months
without changes in appearance and composition at the recommended
storage conditions: 18-20°C
Packaging: 25 kg pack with special flavor-proof liner

355
Chapter XI FLAVORS

EUROAROM PF74 BAI No. FA-420

Company: Eurotec Nutrition Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Iproa, S.L., Spain

Composition: Strawberry and Raspberry flavors

Description: Free flowing powder
Indication: Better homogeneity in early-weaned litters both in weight iUld numb
of weaned piglets. The better flavor and aroma of the feed stimulate
salivation facilitating mastication and hydrolysis of carbohydrates
and protein, resulting in a significant decrease in non-infectiou.
diarrhea.
Dosage: 250-500g/ton. The use of uncommon, highly unpalatable ray"
materials may require higher inclusion levels or a special feed flavor
formulation.
Storage: Store in a cool and dry place away from direct sunlight and alway~
keep package wei1 closed. The product can be stored for 18 month:>
without changes in appearance and composition at the recommended
storage conditions : 18-20°C
Packaging: 25 kg pack with special flavor-proof liner

IPROAROM LACTOAROMA 125G BAI No. FA-108

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: Iproa, S.L., Spain

Composition: Natural and nature identical flavouring substiU1ces of milk, butter.

vanilla and cacao (12%) Sweetener (10%) Anticaking agent: SilicK
acid dried and precipitated . Carrier: Calcium carbonate
Description: Yellowish white fUle fluid powder
Indication: Better homogeneity in early-weaned litters both in weight and number
of weaned piglets. The better flavor and aroma of the feed stimulat
saltvation facilitating mastication and hydrolysis of carbohydrate<
and protein, resulting in a significant decrease in non - infectiou ~
diarrhea.
Dosage: 200 to lOOOg/ton. The use of uncommon, highl y unpalatable ra\\
materials may require higher inclUSion levels or a special feed f1 ;,,-or
formulation.
Storage: Store in a cool and dry place away from direct sunlight and alway.
keep package well closed. The product can be stored for 18 month '
without changes in appearance and composition at the recommended
storage conditions: 18-20°C
Packaging: 25 kg carton hox

356
Dercriptioll of Some NutritionaL Products FLAVORS

IPROAROM LACTOAROMA 2345 SAl No. FA-109

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: Iproa S.L., Spain

Composition: Natural and nature identical flavouring substances of milk, butter

and vanilla (35%). Sweetener (15%).Anticakingagent: Silicic acid dried
and precipitated. Carrier: Calcium carbonate
Description: Yellowish white fine fluid powder
Indication: Better homogeneity in early-weaned litters both in weight and number
of weaned piglets. The better flavor and aroma of the feed stimulates
salivation facilitating mastication and hydrolysis of carbohydrates
and protein, resulting in a significant decrease in non-infectious
diarrhea.
Dosage: 200 to 1000g/ton. The use of uncommon, highly unpalatable raw
materials may require higher inclusion levels.
Storage: Store in a cool and dry place away from direct sunlight and always
keep package well closed. The product can be stored for 18 months
without changes in appearance and composition at the recommended
storage conditions: 18-20°C
Packaging: 25 kg carton box

IPROAROM LACTOVANILLA PREMIUM SAl No. FA-106

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: Iproa S.L., Spain

Composition: Natural and nature identical flavouring substances of milk, butter

and vanilla (20%). Sweetener (10%).Anticakingagent: Silicic acid dried
and precipitated. Carrier: Calcium carbonate
Description: ~licrogranulated fluid powder
Indication: Better homogeneity in early-weaned litters both in weight and number
of weaned piglets. The better flavor and aroma of the feed stimulates
salivation facilitating mastication and hydrolysis of carbohydrates
and protein, resulting in a significant decrease in non-infectious
diarrhea.
Dosage: 200 to 1000g/ton. The use of uncommon, highly unpalatable raw
materials may require higher inclusion levels. 0
Storage: Store in a cool and dry place away from direct sunlight and always
keep package well closed. The product can be stored for 18 months
without changes in appearance and composition at the recommended
storage conditions: 18-20°C
Packaging: 25 kg carton box

357
Chapter XI FLAVORS

IPROAROM PF73S SAl No. FA-111

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: Iproa S.L., Spain

Composition: Natural and nature identical flavouring substances. Sweetener (10%) .

Anticaking agent: Silicic acid dried and precipitated. Carrier Calcium
carbonate
Description: White fme fluid powder
Indication: Better homogeneity in early-weaned litters both in weight and number
of weaned piglets. The better flavor and aroma of the feed stimulates
salivation facilitating mastication and hydrolysis of carbohydrates
and protein, resulting in a significant decrease in non-infectious
diarrhea.
Dosage: 250 to 750g/ton. The use of uncorrunon, highly unpalatable raw
materials may require higher inclusion levels.
Storage: Store in a cool and dty place away from direct sunlight and always
keep package well closed. The product can be stored for 18 month~
without changes in appearance and composition at the recorrunended
storage conditions: 18-20°C
Packaging: 25 kg carton box

IPROAROM RED FRUITS PREMIUM SAl No. FA-107

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: Iproa S.L., Spain

Composition: Natural and nature identical flavouring substances of strawberry,

raspberry, blackberry and vanilla (20%). Sweetener (10%). Antical{ing
agent: Silicic acid dried and precipitated. Carrier: Calcium carbonate
Description: tlicrogranulated fluid powder
Indication: Better homogeneity in early-weaned litters both in weight and number
of weaned piglets. The better flavor and aroma of the feed stimulates
salivation facilitating mastication and hydrolysis of carbohydrates
and protein, resulting in a significant decrease in non-infectious
diarrhea.
Dosage: 200 to 1000g/ton. The use of uncommon, highly unpalatable raw
materials may require higher inclusion levels.
Storage: Store in a cool (18-20°C) and dry place away from direct sunlight
and always keep package well closed. Tbe product can be stored for
18 months without changes in appearance and composition.
Packaging: 25 kg carton box

358
DesCliption of Some Nutritional ProdUdS FLAVORS

IPROAROM RED FRUITS SP SAl No. FA-110

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: Iproa S.L., Spain

Composition: Natural ;tnd nature identical flavouring subst;tnces. Sweetener

(10%) .Anticaking agent: Silicic acid dried and precipitated. CaLrier:
Calcium carbonate
Description: \'\lhite fine fluid powder
Indication: Better homogeneity in eaLly-weaned litters both in weight and number
of weaned piglets. The better flavor and aroma of the feed stimulates
salivation facilitating mastication and hydrolysis of carbohydrates
and protein, resulting in a significant decrease in non-infectious
di;trrhea.
Dosage: 250 to 7S0g/ton. The use of uncommon, highly unpalatable raw
materials may require higher inclusion levels.
Storage: Store in a cool and dry place away from direct sunlight and always
keep package well closed. The product can be stored for 18 months
without changes in appearance and composition at the recommended
storage conditions: 18-20°C
Packaging: 25 kg carton box

HERBS AND HERB EXTRACTS

BRONCHIMAX SAl No. FA-516

Company: Ultra Bio Corporation

Manufacturer: Herbavita B.V., Belgium

Composition: J\[ixture of plant herb extracts powder.

Description: Bronchimax is a complete lung tonic consisting of herbs that support
bronchial airways. Its ingredients stimul;tte general resistance to disease,
protect the mucus membrane against irritation and have strong
purifying effect on the blood.
Indication: Used as a feed additive in the production of pigs, poultry and calves
for the protection of the airways, promotion of appetite,
improvement of feed efficiency, stimulation of natural immunity,
and the support of liver and kidney function of the animal.
Dosage: During the first week of the feeding, mix at least 2 kg per metric
tone of feed. Thereafter, mix only 100 g per metric ton of feed.
Storage: Store in a dry place protected from direct sunlight, properly close
the cardboa.rd canister after opening.
Packaging: 5.0 kilogram cardboard canister with inner polyethylene lining.

359
Chapter XI HERBS AND HERB EXTRACTS

PHYTOCEE BAI No. VRI1 0- 3900

Company: East Asia Veterinary Products, Inc.

Manufacturer: Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., India
Distributor: East Asia Veterinary Prods., Inc

Compostion: Emblti:a ojJidnaliJ, Ocimum sanctum and Withania somnifera

Description: Phytocee is a combination of selectively chosen herbs in synergism
replacing the bio-activity of Ascorbic acid
Indication: Phytocee is formulated to increase body resistance, increase egg
production,improve fertility and increase hatchability
Dosage: lOO-200g per ton of feed or as per advice of the nutritionist
Packaging: 1 and 5 kg bag
Storage: Store at temperature not exceeding 30°C

PHYTONIN EXCEL BAI No. VRI1 0-3795

Company: East Asia Veterinary Products, Inc.

Manufacturer: Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., India
Distributor: East Asia Veterinary Prods., Inc.

Composition: Betaine Hydroch/;;/"ide, Folic A ad, Muamapruriens. T;1gonellafoenum-graedum.

Boerhamia dijfuJa, Allium .ralimm, /trparaguJ rat-emasa, Solanum nigrtlli!
and Piper m~~rtlm
Description: Phytonin Excel i::: a poly herbal formulaaon containing selective chosen
herbs in synergistic comhination to replace the synthetic methlcmint.
It replaces synthetic methionine by mimicktng the activity ot
methionine in the body. Phytonin does Dot contain any
methionine in it, neither in the synthetic form nor in the natud
form
Indication: Phytonin Excel optimizes fertility, hatchability and chick quality, H
helps optimize egg production and egg quality and helps in bette
feather quality, assist in synthesis of protein, optimizes weight gall •
FeR and meat quality and helps optimize immunity and livC'tlbility.
Dosage: It is recommended to rephLce the synthetic methionme lip to lkg Ui
case of commercial broilers while 1()(lO 0 in case of cOllUTIt'n-l;tllflh'r·
breeders Oayer~ & broi\er~) ,uld swine
Storage: Store at temperature not exceeding 3()"C
Packaging: 25kg bag

360
Descnption rj S ome Nutritional Products HERBS AND HERB EXTRACTS

ZIGSIR SAl No. VRI1 0-3948

Company: East Asia Veterinary Products, Inc.

Manufacturer: Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., India
Distributor: East Asia Veterinary Prods., Inc.

Composition: Adrogaphis panicula, Pf?yllantuJ amarus, Boerhaz,ia diffusa, Solanum nigrum

Description: Zigbir is a combination of selectively chosen herbs with well
documented research. It tones up the liver and optimizes hepatic
functions.
Indication: Zigbir guards the liver from feed contaminants, chemical, mycotoxins
and drug therapy, it hastens the process of regeneration and stimulates
sluggish liver and restores hepatic functions. It improves metabolism
and feed utilization.
Dosage: 250-400g per ton of feed . I\[ixing rate may be altered as per advice
of the nutntionist.
Storage: Store at temperature not exceeding 30°C
Packaging: 10 kg bag, 1 Liter and 5 Liter plastic bottle

SAl No. VRI1 0 - 3949

Company: East Asia Veterinary Products, Inc.

Manllfacturer: Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., India
Distributor: East Asia Veterinary Products, Inc.

Composition: Odmum sanctum, Embli(a officina/is, Withania somnifera, j\1angifera indica

Description: Zigbir is a combination of selectively chosen herbs recommended
to enhance performance and prevent stress in animals.
Indication: Increases resistance of animals agajnst stress during disease condition,
vaccination, extreme weather conditions, debeaking and
transportation.
Dosage: 50-100ml per 1000 birds
Storage: Store at temperature not exceeding 30°C
Packaging: 1 and 5 Lirer plastic bottle

361
Chapter XI HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR

AVIAMAXTM BAI No. VRI 04-2237

Company: Walcom Group/ Walcom Bio-Chemicals Phils., Inc
Manufacturer: Shanghai Walcom Bio-chemicals Industrial Ltd., China

Composition: Each kilogram contains: 270 grams Cysteamine Hydrochloride

Description. j\VIAI\f.A,'X™ is a feed additive for layer formulated on the emerging
concept of "Animal Physiological Regulation" . It contains GH},RF
- Growth Hormone Additive Releasing Factor (B-CD-CSH HCL).
It significantly depletes Growth Inhibitory Factor (GHIF) thereby
increasing the available endogenous (natural) growth hormone.
Indication: Promotes growth and increases daily weight gain. Enhances the
metabolism of glucose, fats and proteins. Promotes nutrient
absorption and repartition and improves feed conversion rate.
Accelerates muscle development, reduces fat deposition, increases
growth rate improves quality and taste of broiler's meat. Act as a
defense against disease by enhancing the immlme system.
Dosage: Broiler: 300 - 400 grams per ton of feeds
Storage: Best stored in a cool & dry place. 18 I\lonths in original sealed
pack.
Packaging: 1 kg Aluminum Pack; 20 Packs per Box

EGGROMAXTM BAI No. VRI 04-2236

Company: Walcom Group/ Walcom Bio-Chemicals Phils., Inc

Manufacturer: Shanghai Walcom Bio-chemicals Industrial Ltd., China
Composition: Each kilogram contains: 270 grams Cysteamine Hydrochloride
Description: EGGRO11AX™ is a feed additive for layer formulated on the
emerging concept of c~'\nimal Physiological Regulation". It contains
GHARF - Growth Hormone Additive Releasing Factor (B-CD-
CSH HCL) . It significantly depletes Growth Inhibitory Factor (GHIF)
thereby increasing the available endogenous (natural) growth
hormone.
Indication: Promotes growth and development. Enhances the metabolism of
glucose, fats and proteins. Improves Feed Conversion Rate. Increases
the intake and utilization of both calcium and phosphorous, thereby
improving eggshell quality and bone mass. Reduces broken and
abnormal eggs. Strengthens capillary vessel penetrability and kidney
function. Has antioxidant properties thus removing free radicals and
protecting cells from free radical change. Enhances the immune
system, thus improving the layer's defense against diseases thereby
increasing survival rate.
Dosage: Layer (22 \\1ks Old-Culling): 300 - 400 grams per ton of feeds .
Storage: Best stored in a cool & dry place . 18 Months in original sealed pack.
Packaging: 1 kg Aluminum Pack; 20 Packs per Box

362
Description of Some Nutntiollai Prodtllts HORMONE-RELEASING FACtOR

PORCIMAXTM SAl No. VRI 04-2238

Company: Walcom Group/ Walcom Bio-Chemicals Phils., Inc

Manufacturer: Shanghai Walcom Bio-chemicals Industrial Ltd., China

Composition: Each kilogram contains: 270 grams Cysteamine Hydrochloride

Description: PORCI~[AXTM is a feed additive for swine formulated on the
emerging concept of "i\nimal Physiological Regulation". It contains
GHARF - Growth Hormone Additive Releasing Factor (B-CD-
CSH HCL). It significandy depletes Growth Inhibitory Factor (GHIF)
thereby increasing the available endogenous (natural) growth
hormone.
Indication: Promotes growth and increases daily weight gain. Enhances the
metabolism of glucose, fats and proteins. Promotes nutrient
absorption and repartition and improves Feed Conversion Rate.
Reduces fat deposition and increase lean meat percentage and
improves the quality of meat. Enhance the immune system.
Dosage: Pre-starter to Starter: 500 grams per ton of animal feed
Grower-Finisher: 500 grams per ton of animal feed
Gestating (Last 30 days to farrow)-Lactating Sow (30 days after
farrowing): 500 grams per ton of animal feed.
Storage: Best stored in a cool & dry place. 18 l\Ionths in original sealed pack.
Packaging: 1 kg .Aluminum Pack; 20 Packs per Box

IMMUNO-ENHANCER

ACTIGEN™ BAI Nos. VRI 09-3573 (USA); VR110-3792 (Brazil)

Company: Alltech Biotechnology Corporation, Inc.
Manufacturer: Alltech, Inc. (USA)
Composition: Brewer's Dried Yeast and dried Saaharol7!Jt'IJs t'IJrmj-iae fermentation
Solubles
Description: Actigen™ is a light tan free flowing powder containing Brewer's
Dried Yeast. Brewer's Dried Yeast is the dried, non-fermentative,
non-extracted yeast of the botanical classification Saccharo!J9t'IJHesulting
as a by-product from the brewing of beer and ale.
Indication: ActigenTM is a feed supplement/performance enhancer for livestock,
poultry and pets. It supports the first lines of an animal's defense,
maintaining intestmal function and allowing the full absorption of
nutrients.
Dosage: Use Actigen™ at a rate of 0.4 to 2kg/ton of feed for livestock,
poultry and pets.
Storage: Store in a cool, dry place. Open containers should be resealed. Shelf
life under these conditions is 36 months.
Packagil1g: 25 kg bag

363
Chapter XI IMMUNO-ENHANCER

BIO-MOS® BAI Nos. VRI 07-2827 (USA) or VRI 08-3380

(Brazil) or VRI 09-3477 (Aqua)
Company: Alltech Biotechnology Corporation, Inc.
Manufacturer: Alltech, Inc. (USA)

Composition: Brewer's Dried Yeast and Saccharomyces c-ermSiae Fermentation Solubles

Description: Bio-Mos@is a light tan to dark brown free flowing powder derived
from a selected strain of yeast developed by f\lltech for use in
livestock, poultry, aqua and pet feeds.
Indication: Bio-Mos® is a source of complex carbohydrates which aids in
maintaining digestive efficiency and intestinal epithelial integrity by
preventing the attachment of pathogenic bacteria or opportunistic
bacteria.
Dosage: Livestock and poultry: 0.5 to 2kg/ton
Shrimp and fish : 0.5 to 5kg/ ton
Storage: Store in a cool, dry place. Open containers should be resealed . Storage
under these conditions is 36 months.
Packaging: 25 kg bag; 1 kg pack

CENMOS PLUS BAI No. VRI 01-1130

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: Cenzone Tech, California, USA

Composition: Saccharomyces ceret'isiae, Aspergillus ory:::.ae, Aspergillus niger, yeas t

fermentation solubles.
Description: Cenmos Plus is a special blend of all natural advanced bio-
technology feed additive.
Indication: Immuno enhancer; for the control of gut-active bacterial pathogens;
for enhancement of growth and improving feed efficiency.
Dosage: Administer at 0.5 to 2 kg/ton of feed
Storage: Store at temperature below 30°C. Keep away from sunlight and
store in dry place .
Packaging: 25 kg bag

364
Description of Some Nutn'tional Products IMMUNO-ENHANCER

FERMKITO (Chitin. Chitosan Oligosaccharide) BAI No. VRI 02-1538

Company: Easy Bio Philippines, Inc.

ft>fanufacturer: Easy Bio System, Inc., South Korea
Distributor: Easy Bio Philippines, Inc.

Composition: Chitin, chitosan, chitosan oligosaccharide, astaxanthin, carotenoid,

fermentation metabolites
Description: A natural ferm~nted product that contains chitin, chitosan and
chitosan oligosaccharide. It is processed by microbial fermentation
with Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Badlills subtias. SmdJaromyces
armsiae and Lactobcwillls addophi/ills. It has natural antimicrobial
properties, immw1e enhancing and toxin binding effects.
Indication: Increases egg production; improves egg qualities; toxin-binding effect;
reduces cholesterol; prevents fatty liver syndrome; enhances in1mW1ity
Dosage: For poultry, swine, fishes and ruminants : 3-5 kg/t\lT of feed
Storage: I(eep container closed. Store in cool dry place and protect from
light. Store under normal temperature from 15° C to 35° C
Packaging: 25 kg K.raft bag with inner plastic liner

GLOBAMAX B700 BAI No. FA-105

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manllfacturer: Global Nutrition International France

Composition: Calcium Butyrate encapsulated in a matrix of vegetable oils

Description: \V'hite to off-white fme granular powder free from butyric smell
and stable in mixe s with free acids
Indication: Selective antibacterial properties, stimulates differentiation and growth
of intestinal cell wall, energy source of intestinal villi cells; regenerates
and improve s intestinal cell wall integrity, positive effect on
zoo technological and health performances, organic calcium source
Dosage: Pigs: 500-2000 g/MT; Calves: 750-1000 g/T'-U; Broilers : 150-200
g/T\[T
Storage: The product can be stored for 36 months under appropriate storage
conditions in dry and unopened bags: 20°C ~ 35°C, at 50-90%
humidity.
Packaging: Packed in 25 kg bags with polyethylene lining.

365
Chapter XI IMMUNO-ENHANCER

GLOBIGEN KICK START BAI No. FSL - 136

Company: Bayer Animal Health

Manufacturer: EW Nutrition (Germany)
Distributor: Available nationwide at any authorized Bayer distributor

Composition: Spray-dried egg powder and yeast

Description: A premix powder which contains specific egg inununoglobulins
and a highly digestible yeast
Indication: To protect the piglets agai'nst enteric diseases caused by TGE virus,
E.t'oli, Salmonella, Circovirus, Rotavirus, PRRS virus, etc. and also to
clean the gastrointestinal tract of the sows and prevent pathogen
shedding on the piglets.
Dosage: Creep Feed: 2kg/ton; Pre-starter Feed : lkg/ton;
Gestation Feed: 200g/ton; Lactation Feed: 500g/ton
Packaging: 25 kilos in laminated kraft bag and 2 kilos in plastic pail

IMMUNOWALL BAI No. FA-507

Company: JA FARMS ASIA PACIFIC, INC.

Manufacturer: ICC Industrial Comercio Exportacao E Importacao, Ltda.
Jardin Paulistino SP, Brazil

Composition: Each kilogram contains minimum activity: B Glucan (1-3,1-6) : 30+-

3%; t-.Iannanoligossacharides : 18+-3%; Ethereal Extract: 2.0%; Crude
Fiber: 3.0%; Carbohydrate: 42%.
Description: IMt-.IUNOWALL is a symbiotic prebiotic additive rich in a Beta
glucans and mannanoligossacharides (MOS), derived from
Sat't'haromya!s t'erensae mT. single strain of Carlsberg - SCCW yeast cell
wall.
Indication: For the prevention of colonization of the intestinal tract by pathogens,
stimulation of the immune activity of the phagocytic cells,
enhancement of the action of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus
and Bifidobaderia, making an inununological wall against diseases. It
improves feed efficiency, increases growth rate and reduce mortality
in swine, poultry, aqua, cattle, dogs and cats.
Dosage: Add 1.00 kg per ton for broiler and layer diets. Add 2.00 kg per ton
for piglets, 1.00 kg per ton for starter, grower, finisher, breeder,
gestating and lactating diets. Add 1.00 kg per ton for fish and shrimp
diets.;i\dd 0.5 g per ton for dog and cat diets.
Storage: IMMUNOWALL is stored in a cool and dry place, free from
insects. The product may be stored for 18 months from the date of
manufacture at room temperature in unopened original packaging.
Packaging: 25 kg multiwalled paper bag with polyethylene liner.

366
Desmption of Some Nutritional Prom/cts IMMUNO-ENHANCER

LEIBER BIOLEX MB 40 BAI No. VRI 08-3271

Company: Broadchem Corporation

Manufacturer: Leiber® GmbH, Germany
Distributor: Broadchem Corporation

Composition: Contains 25% ~(OS (mannanoligosaccharides) and 30% b-glucans

Description: BIOLEX I\ffi 40® is fine powder, light brown, extract from 100%
Brewers Yeast Saaharomyres cerettsiae.
Indication: MOS adsorbs infective agents and mycotoxins and transport them
to the gut system. It creates a biofilm in the lumen that inhibits
absorption of mycotoxins and attachment of pathogenic organisms
in the villi. b-glucans acts as a non specific antigen which is absorb by
the macrophages and activating a non specific immune system, which
acts as a protection against infection.
Dosage: Add 1 kg per ton of feed
Storage: Store in a dry place
Packaging: 2S kgs bag

LIGNO-CELLULOSE

FIBRECELL BAI No. FI-083

Company: Agromed, Austria

Manufacturer: Agromed, Austria
Distributor: APF Corporation

Composition: Non-fermentable lignocellulose from fresh wood

Description: Natural product made from fresh wood, processed to ultra fine
meal as dietary fiber source in animal nutrition.
Indication: Increases the crude fiber content of swine and poultry diets to maintain
good digestion, improve gut health, reduce incid ence of diarrhea in
piglets, wet litter in broilers and layers and constipation in sows.
Dosage: Bn;)ilers - 05% to 1.5%, Layers - 1.5%, Piglets - 1.0% to 2.0%
Fatteners - 05% to 1.5%, Sows - 2-3% (restricted feeding)
Storage: ;\void storing in warm conditions. Keep away from direct exposure
to sunlight
Packaging: 25 kg bag

367
Chapter XI LIGNO-CELLULOSE

OPTICEL BAI No. FI-084

Company: Agromed, Austria

Manufacturer: Agromed, Austria
Distributor: APF Corporation

Composition: Non-fermentable and fermentable lignocellulose from fresh wood

Description: Natural product made from fresh wood, processed to ultra fine
meal as dietary fiber source in animal nutrition.
Indication: Increases the crude fiber content of swine and poultry diets to maintain
good digestion, improve gut health, reduce incidence of diarrhea in
piglets, wet litter in broilers and layers and constipation in sows. It
also has the additional prebiotic and pathogen and aflatoxin binding
effect
Dosage: Broilers - 0.5% to 1.5%, Layers - 1.5%, Piglets - 1.0% to 2.0%
Fatteners - 0.5% to 1.5%, Sows - 2-3% (restricted feeding)
Storage: Avoid storing in warm conditions. Keep away from direct exposure
to sunlight
Packaging: 25 kg bag

MINERAL

AGRAZINC 100 BAI No. VRI 07-2984

Company: East Asia Veterinary Products, Inc

Manufacturer: Agranco Corporation, USA
Distributor: East Asia Veterinary Products, Inc./ Eastern Veterinary
Products

Composition: Zinc Oxide

Description: i\Iicroencapsulated zinc oxide for an assured Zn bioavailabilir,·.
protected from gastric dissolution and for a sustained release of Zn
right on the site of zinc absorption. Promotes the morphology of
intestinal villi, prevents E.coli attachments to intestinal wall and boos
the local intestinal immune system.
Indication: Treats post weaning diarrhoea in piglets and prevents zinc deficienc.·.
Dosage: Swine, layers, broiler: 100 g/ton of feeds. Dairy/beef cattle: 100g;
125 heads/day. Horses: 800 mg/head/ day. Sheep 100g/125head
day
Packagillg: 20 kg

368
DeJmption of Some Nlltritional ProdudJ MINERAL

BOll FOR MCP MONOCALCIUM PHOSPHATE BAI No. FI-1249

Company. Philchema, Inc.

Manufacturer. Yara Phosphates Oy, Sweden
Distributor: Philchema, Inc.

Composition. Phosphorus, minimum - 22.7%

Calcium, maximum - 16.0%
Description: i\[onocalcium Phosphate (MCP) Granular
Indication: :\. mineral supplement with a key role in animals' metabolism, fulfilling
many physiological functions. A sufficient level of phosphorus is
essential in maintaining the optimum health and productivity of
livestock. More bioavailable than i\[OCP and DCP.
Dosage: Use as formulated.
Storage: Keep in dry, cool place.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

CHROME-PICO BAI No. VRI 09-3728

Company: Peakhealth Incorporated

Manufacturer: crCBIO INC., Korea

Composition: Each kilogram contains 400 ppm as chromium.

Description: CHROi\,(E-PICO is a chromium picolinate product, which is organic
and a highly absorbable form of chromium.
Indication: Improves lean meat grade of pigs and reproductive performance
of sows.
Dosage: i-\dd 500 g per ton of feed
Storage: CHROi\[E-PICO is practically stable at room temperature but may
be affected by extreme temperature and humidity. The product
may be stored for 12 months from the date of manufacture at a
temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

369
Chapter XI MINERAL

EASY CHROME ISIO CHROME BAI Reg No. VRI-02-153

VRT 08-708
Company: Easy Bio System, Inc.
Manufacturer: Easy Bio Systems, Inc. , South Korea/ Progressive
Laboratories, Inc., Philippines
Distributor: Easy Bio Philippines, Inc.

Composition: Chromium - min. 0.33%, Chromium Picolinate - min. 400 ppm

Description: A chelated organic chromium tripicolinate developed by Easy Bio
to enhance meat quality of fatteners and improve reproductive
performance of sows. Being organic, it is safe, environment friendly
and highly bioavailable.
Indication: Increases lean gain and reduces back fat thickness,
Improves growth perfo rmance
Improves feed efficiency
Enhances energy utilization
Increases number of pigs per sow per year (pSY)
Enhances inununity
Decreases stress
Dosage: A.dd 500 g per ton of grower, fini sher and sow feed
Storage: Keep container closed. Store in cool dry place and protect from
ligh t. Store under normal temperatu re from 15° C to 35° C.
Packaging: Easy Chrome: 20 kg Kraft bag with inner plastic liner
Bio Chrome: 25 kg Kraft bag with inner plastic liner

PIF CHROME SAl No. VR199·849

Company: Agrimate, Inc.

Manufacturer: Samjo Co., Ltd., South Korea
Distributor: Agrimate, Inc.

Composition: Con tain s Chromium tripicolinate 0.04% or +00 tIlg/kg premix.

Description: PIF Chrome strengthens function of insulin for the metabolism
of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, while also reducing fat
and increasing lean body mass.
Indication: AJfects the inunune system, improves productivity in animals and
improves feed conversion efficiency. It
Dosage: Apply 500 grams per ton of feeds equivalent to 200 ppb active
chromium.
Packaging: 25 kg pail

370
Desmption of Some N utritiotlal Products MINERAL

ZYMOSELEN BAI No. VRI1 0-3780

Company: Peakhealth Incorporated

Manufacturer: CTCBIO INC., Korea

Composition: Each kilogram contains 1000 mg selenium.

Description: A pure selenium enriched yeast product. ZYMOSELEN is a
bioavailable protein chelated form of selenium. It also has an added
benefit of vitamin B-group and amino acids.
Indication: l\ids and improves all animal physiological functions that are selenium
and Vitamin-E related.
Dosage: Add 100-400 g per ton of feed
Storage: ZY}'·[ OSELEN is practically stable at room temperature but may
be affected by extreme temperature and humidity. The product
may be stored for 12 months from the date of manufacture at a
temperature below 25 °C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

MOLD INHIBITOR

DMX-7 BAI No. VRI 00-992

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: Deist, Inc., California, USA

Composition: Propionic acid, ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide,

magnesium chloride, glycerin, monosodium glutamate, calcium
chloride, carrier.
Description DMX-7 is a grain and feed conditioning mold inhibitor in a liquid
form.
Indication: For the control of molds in fmished feeds and grains. It controls
spontaneous heating and inhibits moisture migration Palatable for
all species of farm because it contains I\[SG.
Dosage: 1.0-2.0 Llton of fmished feeds, grains.
Storage: Store m a cool dry place at temperature 2°C - 40°C.
Packaging: 1,134 kg drum

371
Chapter XI MOLD INHIBITOR

DRY TOXICHEK BAI No. VRM 00-605

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Composition: Propionic acid, acetic acid, propylene glycol, sodium propionate.

Description: A broad spectrum fungistat, composed of organic acids and other
mold-inhibiting ingredien ts.
Indication: Inhibition of the proliferation of a broad-spectrum range of molds
in feed and feed ingredients particularly effective against mycotoxin-
producing mold species such as Aspergi!!tlJ and Fusarium.
Dosage: j\[ix 500 g to 1 kg/ton of feed or feed ingredients.
Storage: Store in a dry place away from heat. Keep bag tightly closed when
not in use.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

EUROMOLD 52 PLUS BAI No. VRI 96-424

Company: Eurotec Nutrition Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Eurotec Nutrition France

Composition: Ammonium Propionate, Propionic Acid and Calcium Propionate

Description: \'(/hite free flowing powder
Indication: Prevention and treatment of fungal contamination of raw materials
in animal feeds
Dosage: Feed with normal contamination (max.14% moisture):250-500g/
ton
Feed with high contamination (14-16%moisture) : 500-900g/ton
Feed with very high contamination (>16% moisture): 1-2 kg/ton
Storage: Store unopened bags in a fresh, dry place, away from direct sunlight.
The product can be stored for 36 months without changes in
appearance and composition at the recommended storage conditions:
10-35 °C up to 95% humidity.
Packaging: Packed in 25 kg bags with polyethylene lining

372
Desmption of Some Nutritiollal Produas MOLD INHIBITOR

EUROMOLD L75 SAl No. VRI 99-900

Company: Eurotec Nutrition Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Eurotec Nutrition France

Composition: Ammonium Propionate, j\mmonium Formate and Propionic j\cid

Description: Clear liguid
Indication: Prevention and treatment of fungal contamination of raw materials
in animal feeds
Dosage: Dosage is relative to several parameters such as water content, moisture
level, pH of the substrate and period of protection. Inclusion level
varies from 500 to 2000 g/ton of feed or raw materials.
Storage: Keep in a fresh, dry place, away from direct sunlight. The product
can be stored for 36 months without changes in appearance and
composition at the recommended storage conditions: lOoC - 35°C.
Packaging: 200 kg Plastic drum

EUROMOLD P PLUS SAl No. VRI 99-901

Company: Eurotec Nutrition Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Eurotec Nutrition France

Composition: Sodium Propionate, Sodium Acetate, Phosphoric Acid, Tartaric .;kid,

Propionic i\cid, Potassium Sorbate, Calcium Propionate
Description: \Xihite, free-flowing, micropearled powder
Indication: Highly concentrated powder preservative for antifungal and anti-
yeast protection, it prevents the development of mold during large
variations in temperature, moisture and humidity. Controls the growth
of yeasts. It is very stable during pelleting and is compatible with all
feed ingredients and supplements.
Dosage: Dosage is relative to several parameters such as water content, moisture
level, pH of the substrate and period of protection. Inclusion level
varies from 250 to 1000 g/ ton of feed or raw materials.
Storage: Store unopened bags in a fresh, dry place, away from direct swl.light.
The product can be stored for 36 months without changes in
appearance and composition at the recommended storage conditions:
lOoC to 35°C between 20 to 90% humidity.
Packaging: 25 kg bags with polyethylene lining.

373
Chapter XI MOLD INHIBITOR

FEED CURB DRY BAI No. FA-129

Company: Kemin Philippines

Manufacturer: Kemin Industries (Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore
Distributor: Litogo Co., Inc.

Composition: Propionic acid, formic acid, silica, sodium chloride, preservative and
flavor.
Description: White, acidic smelling powder feed preservative which is highly
effective in inhibiting mold growth. Its pH in 10% solution is 1.7-
2.7. ?\·[ore than 95°/.) of its particles pass through mesh #20.
Indications: Used in feeds to prevent mold growth and to ensure prolonged
shelf life of feeds.
Dosage: Typically used at 0.5kg to 1kg per ton of feed. Dosage depends on
risk factors associated with mold growth. Contact a Kemin
representative for specific application advice.
Storage: The product should be stored in cool, dry place away from direct
sunlight. Keep packaging closed when not in use.
Packaging: 20kg bag

FUNGICAP N BAI No. FA - 257

Company: Philchema, Inc.

Manufacturer: Industrial Tecnica Pecuaria S.A. , Spain
Distributor: Philchema, Inc.

Composition: Propionic acid, Ammonium propionate, and silica carrier.

Description: Powder mold inhibitor aimed to protect all kind of grains, raw
materials and feeds.
Indication: Offers an effective and long-lasting protection to raw materials and
feed against fungi and their mycotoxins. Used to preserve the freshness
and nutritional quality of animal feeds. Does not present corrosion
problems for the plant equipment.
Dosage: 0.500 to 3 kg/?\[T, depending on the raw material and fungi
contamination level.
Storage: Keep in dry, cool place.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

374
Description of Some Nutritional Products MOLD INHIBITOR

FUNGICAP 50 LIQUID BAI No. FA - 256

Company: Philchema, Inc.

Manufacturer: Industrial Tecnica Pecuaria S.A., Spain
Distributor: Philchema, Inc.

Composition: Propionic acid and Ammonium propionate

Description: Non-corrosive and slow release mold inhibitor for grains, raw
materials and finished feeds.
Indication: Offers an effective and long-lasting protection to raw materials and
feed against fungi and their mycotoxins. Used to preserve the freshness
and nutritional quality of animal feeds. Does not present corrosion
problems for the plant equipment. Offers a highest dispersion of
the product into materials to be treated. \'{lhen applied through the
HYDR01,u\...l'C Manufacturing Enhancement Program the benefit
will be energy savings, effective, non-corrosive mold control and
recovery lost of moisture during the manufacturing process, resulting
to substantial cost savings.
Dosage: Raw materials: 350 to 1500 g/MT, Compound feed: 500 to 1500
g/MT. As a bactericide: 5 kg/1.[T.
Storage: Keep in dry, cool place.
Packaging: 200 kg plastic drum

GLOBAMOLD 52 PLUS BAI No. VRI 06-2640

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: Global Nutrition International, France

Composition: Ammoniwn Propionate, Sodium Propionate and Propionic Acid

Description: Off-white free flowing powder
Indication: To prevent the development and growth of moulds and yeast during
storage of feed ingredients, feed supplements and finished feeds.
Dosage: Feed with normal contamination (max. 14% moisture): 250 to 500g/
ton; Feed with high contamination (14-16%moisture): 500 to 900g/
ton; Feed with very high contamination (>16% moisture): 1 to 2 kg/
ton
Storage: Store unopened bags in a fresh, dry place, away from direct sunlight.
The product can be stored for 36 months without changes in
appearance and composition at the recommended storage conditions:
lOoC to 35°C between 20 to 90% humidity.
Packaging: Packed in 25 kg bags with polyethylene lining

375
Chapter XI MOLD INHIBITOR

GlOSAMOlD l PLUS SAl No. VRI 06-2638

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: Global Nutrition International, France

Composition: Propionic Acid, Acetic Acid, Potassium Sorbate

Description: Non viscous liquid preservative premix with slightly acid and pungent
smell.
Indication: To prevent the development and growth of moulds and yeast during
storage of feed mgredients, feed supplements and finished feeds.
Dosage: Dose is relative to several parameters such as water content, moisture
level, pH of the substrate and period of protection. Inclusion level
varies from 500 to 2000 g/ ton of feed or raw materials.
Storage: Store sealed drums in a fresh, dry place, away from direct sunlight.
The product can be stored for 36 months without changes in
appearance and composition at the recommended storage conditions:
lOoC - 35°C between 20-90% humidity.
Packaging: Packed in 50 kg and 200 kg plastic drums (net weight).

GlOSAMOlD MASH SAl No. VRI 06-2706

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: Global Nutrition International, France

Composition: Ammonium Propionate

Description: Cream free-flowing powder
Indication: To prevent the development and growth of moulds and yeast during
storage of feed ingredients, feed supplements and finished feeds.
Dosage: Feed with normal contamination (max.14% moisture) : 500 to 1000g/
ton
Feed with high contamination (14-16%moisture): 1000 to 2000g/
ton
Feed with very high contamination (>16% moisture): 2-3 kg/ton
Storage: Store unopened bags in a fresh , dry place, away from direct sunlight.
The product can be stored for 36 months without changes in
appearance and composition at the recommended storage conditiom:
lOoC to 35°C between 20 to 90% humidity.
Packaging: Packed in 25 kg bags with polyethylene lining

376
Description of Some Nutritional Products MOLD INHIBITOR

GLOBAMOLD P PLUS BAI No. VRI 06-2639

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: Global Nutrition International, France

Composition: Sodium Propionate, Sodium Acetate, Phosphoric j\Cid, Acetic Acid,

Tartaric Acid, Propionic Acid, Potassium Sorbate
Description: Cream free-flowing powder
Indication: To prevent the development and growth of moulds and yeast during
storage of feed ingredients, feed supplements and finished feeds.
Dosage: Dose is relative to several parameters such as water content, moisture
level, pH of the substrate and period of protection. Inclusion level
varies from 250 to 1000 g/ton of feed or raw materials.
Storage: Store unopened bags in a fresh, dry place, away from direct sunlight.
The product can be stored for 36 months without changes in
appearance and composition at the recommended storage conditions:
lOoe - 35°C between 20-90% humidity.
Packaging: 25 kg bags with polyethylene lining.

KEM CURB DRY BAI No. FA-018

Company: Kemin Philippines

Manufacturer: Kemin Industries (Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore
Distributor: Litogo Co., Inc.

Composition: Propionic acid, formic acid, silica and sodium chloride

Description: \V'hite, acidic smelling powder feed preservative which is highly
effective in inhibiting mold growth.
Indications: Used in feeds to prevent mold growth and to ensure prolonged
shelf life of feeds.
Dosage: Use at O.5kg to lkg per ton of feed. Dosage depends on risk
factors associated with mold grO\\tth. Contact a Kemin representative
for specific application advice.
Storage: The product should be stored in cool, dry place away from direct
sunlight. Keep packaging closed when not in use.
Packaging: 20kg bag

377
Chapter XI MOLD INHIBITOR

LUPRO-GRAIN BAI No. FA-165

Company: BASF Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: BASF SE, Germany
Distributor: Carrington Trading, Inc.

Composition: Contains at least 73% propionic acid, 21 % ammonium propionate,

4% 1,2-Propandiol
Description: Lupro-Grain is a liquid product that is effective in preserving all
types of compound feeds and raw materials like corn grains. Clear
to slightly yellowish liquid with faintly pungent odor. It has a density
of 1,031 kg/m3 (20 o q and a pH-value of 4.1 - 4.4 (not diluted). It
is entirely soluble in water.
Indication: Lupro-Grain has a pronounced antimicrobial action particularly on
fungi, yeast and bacteria thus preventing mycotoxin formation and
feed and nutrient spoilage. It improves palatability of feed, feed
intake and feed conversion ratio, flowability of treated feed and less
stress for animals as a result of reduced microbial contamination
and prevention of diarrhea ..
Dosage: 0.5 to 4.0 kg/ton of feeds depending on the moisture content of
feeds or grains and the desired storage time.
Storage: Shelf life is 36 months if properly stored in a dry, cool and well
ventilated place in original package ..
Packaging: 1,000 kg Combi !BC

KEMIRA MOULD CONTROL LP3 NC BAI No. FA-189

Company: Cargill Phils, Inc.

Manufacturer: Kemira Chemsolutions B.V.

Composition: Liquid blend of propionic acid and its ammonium salt (minimum
propionic acid 70%), benzoic acid and bioactive surfactant
Description: Kemira Mould Control LP3 NC is a non-corrosive, yellowish liquid
included as a preservative for mould control
Indication: For a strong and cost-effective anti-mould effect in compound feeds
and raw materials and for prevention of recontamination of mould
after production of the feed
Dosage: Compound feeds (moisture up to 16%) 0.5 - 4.5 kg/t depending
on the moisture content, storage conditions and initial microbial
contamination Other feedstuffs (cereals, maize etc.) (moisture up to
24%) 0.5 - 8 kg/t depending on the moisture content and storage
time
Storage: Stable for 2 years from date of production
Packaging: 25 kg cans, 200 kg drum, 1000 kg !BC's, Bulk

378
Description of Some Nutritional Products MOLD INHIBITOR

KEMIRA MOULD CONTROL SP1 BAI No. FA - 456

Company: Cargill Phils, Inc.
Manufacturer: Kemira Chemsolutions B.V.
Compositiou. Calcium Propionate (agglomerates) (minimum propionic acid
content 77% on Dl\I basis)
Description: Kemira Mould Control SP1 is a white, almost odourless, non-dusty
granules included as a dry preservative for mould control
Indication: For preventing growth of moulds and other harmful microbes in
different types of feedstuffs. It also prevents recontamination after
production of the compound feed . Product is also a valuable source
of calcium to the animals
Dosage: Compound feeds (moisture content up to 16%) 0.5 - 5 kg / 1,000
kg depending on the moisture content, storage conditions, and initial
microbial contamination
Storage: Stable for 3 years from date of production. Physical stability may
change before end of shelf-life if not stored under cool, dry and
well ventilated conditions
Packaging: 25 kg bags / 1,000 kg big bags

LUPROSIL ADSORBATE BAI No. FA-168

Company: BASF Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: BASF Company Ltd, China
Distributor: Carrington Trading, Inc.

Compositiou. Contains at least 50% propionic acid in vermiculite carrier, ca. 3%

ammonia (buffering agent).
Description: Luprosil Adsorbate is a free flowing granular product that is effective
in preserving all types of mash or pelle ted feeds .. Silver to brownish
granules with particle size of approx 90% < 2mm and bulk density
of approx. 550 kg/m3 . The pH value is approx 4.8 (10% solution
in HzO).
Indication: Luprosil Adsorbate has a pronounced antimicrobial action particularly
on fungi, yeast and bacteria thus preventing mycotoxin formation
and feed and nutrient spoilage. It improves palatability of feed, feed
intake and feed conversion ratio, flowability of treated feed and less
stress for animals as a result of reduced microbial contamination
and prevention of diarrhea.
Dosage: 0.5 to 2.0 kg/ton of feeds depending on the moisture content of
feeds and desired storage time.
Storage: Shelf life is at least 18 months if properly stored in a dry, cool and
well ventilated place, original package.
Packaging: 20 kg reinforced paper bag

379
Chapter XI MOLD INHIBITOR

MOLAGEN PLUS BAI No. VRM 07-1247

Company: East Asia Laboratories, Inc.

Manufacturer: East Asia Laboratories, Inc
Distributor: East Asia Veterinary Products, Inc.
Eastern Veterinary Products

Composition: 99.3% Calcium propionate equivalent to 79.6% Propionic acid

Description: Proven to satisfactory inhibit the growth and proliferation of a wide
range of fungi and prevents elaboration of mycotoxins that causes
serious disorders to animals
Indication: l\Iolagen Plus is used for fast and effective control of mold growth
by inhibiting the proliferation of a wide variety of mycotoxin-
producing fungi in raw materials or compounded feeds such as
Aspergillus, Candida and Fusarium spp.
Dosage: Apply at 0.125 gram to 0.25 gram of l\(olagen Plus per kilogram of
grains, incorporate with mixed feeds and feed ingredients.
Packaging: 25kg Kraft bag

LUPROSIL NC BAI No. FA-167

Company: BASF Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: BASF SE, Germany
Distributor: Carrington Trading, Inc.

Composition: Contains 53.5% propionic acid, 9.5% ammonia, 11.5% 1,2 -

Propandiol
Description: Luprosil NC is a liquid product that is effective in preserving all
types of compound feeds and raw materials like corn grains. Clear
to pale yellow liquid with fatntly aromatic ammoniacal odor. It has a
density of 1,070 kg/m3 and a pH-value of 6.7 - 6.8 (not diluted). It
is entirely soluble in water.
Indication: Luprosil' NC has a pronounced antimicrobial action particularly on
fungi, yeast and bacteria thus preventing mycotoxin formation and
feed and nutrient spoilage . It lmproves palatability of fe.ed, feed
intake and feed conversion ratio, flowability of treated feed and less
stress for animals as a result of reduced microbial contamination
and prevention of diarrhea.
Dosage: 0.5 to 8.0 kg/ton of feeds or grains depending on the moisture
content of feeds or grains and the desired storage time.
Storage: If properly stored in a dry, cool and well ventilated place, original
package can be kept for at least 36 months ..
Packaging: 210 kg PE drum or 1000 kg IBC

380
Description 0/ Some Nutritional Products MOLD INHIBITOR

MOLOSTOP SO BAI No. FA-244

Company: Nuevo Milenio, Inc.

Manufacturer. Impextraco NY, Belgium
Distributor. Nuevo Milenio, Inc

CompositiolI. Propionic acid, ammonium propionate, natural extracts,

emulsifiers in a silica carrier
DescriptiolI. ~{oldstop Sd plus is characterized as a white fme powder with
acidic odour.
IndicatiolI. Use to control yeasts and fungi in fmished feeds and raw materials
Dosage: 250-500 g/ton of feed
Storage: Store in a dry, cool place in the original sealed packaging
Packaging 25 kg in kraft paper bag.

LUPROSIL SALT BAI No. FA- 160

Company: BASF Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: BASF Company Ltd, China
Distributor: Carrington Trading, Inc.

Composition. Contains 98% calcium propionate equivalent to approx. 77%

propionic acid and 21 % calcium.
Description: Luprosil Salt is effective in preserving all types of mash or pelleted
feeds. Fine, almost white, virtually odorless powder with particle
size of approx 90% < 3um and bulk density of approx. 500 kg/
m 3 . The pH value is approx 8 - 10 (10% solution in H20). It is not
corrosive on normal boiler plate.
Indication: Luprosil salt has a pronounced antimicrobial action particularly on
fungi , yeast and bacteria thus preventing mycotoxin formation and
feed and nutrient spoilage. It improves palatability of feed, feed
intake and feed conversion ratio, flowability of treated feed and less
stress for animals as a result of reduced microbial contamin;:.tion
and prevention of diarrhea
Dosage: 0.5 to 2.0 kg/ton of feeds depending on the moisture content of
feeds and desired storage time.
Storage: If properly stored in a dry, cool place, original package can be kept
for at least 36 months. The package should be carefully sealed again
after partial amounts have been withdrawn.
Packaging: 25 kg reinforced paper bag

381
Chapter XI MOLD INHIBITOR

MYCO CURB AW LIQUID BAI No. FA-052

Company: Kemin Philippines

Manufacturer: Kemin Industries (Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore
Distributor: Litogo Co., Inc.

Composition: Propionic acid and its salt, phosphoric acid, sorbic acid, antioxidants
and surfactants.
Description: Purple to reddish brown, water soluble liquid feed preservative with
pH 5.7-6.5 and specific gravity of 1.04 to 1.08 at 25C and with
acidic odor.
Indications: Use for feed or grain treatment to inhibit mold growth and prevent
moisture losses during processing. To bring back the feed moisture
lost during feed processing, 1kg of !-.Iyco CURB aw liquid can be
mixed in 5kg or lOkg water. The solution is sprayed into the feeds
while in the mixer. Add lOkg of the solution to add 1% moisture in
feeds. Application is done using the Kemin Liquid Applicator System.
Storage: The product should be stored in cool, dry place away from direct
sunlight. Preferred storage temperature is 4C to 30e.
Paclalging: 200L drum and n"IT plastic tank

MYCO CURB EXTEND LIQUID BAI No. FA-031

Company: Kemin Philippines

Manufacturer: Kemin Industries (Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore
Distributor: Litogo Co., Inc.

Composition: Propionic acid and its salt, acetic acid, benzoic acid, surfictants, natural
flavor and water.
Description: Honey colored, non-corrosive, non-aggressive, easy and safe to use
liquid preservative with pH 5.8-6.3 and specific gravity of 1.09 to
1.2 at 25C and with blend of acidic and aromatic odor. Does not
evaporate easily and has pleasant smell.
Indications: Use for feed or grain preservation in steel silos. Application is done
using the Kemin Liquid Applicator System.
Dosage: Typically used at 1kg per ton of feed or feed ingredients.
Storage: The product should be stored in cool, dry place away from direct
sunlight. Keep packaging closed when not in use.
Paclalging: 200L drum and lI\.IT plastic tank

382
Description of Some Nutritional ProdJIcts MOLD INHIBITOR

NOVACHEK BAI No. 99-473

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Composition: Propionic acid, hydrated sodiwn calciwn aluminosilicate, sodiwn

bentonite
Description: A broad spectrwn combination of smectite and bentonite.
Indication: Inhibits the growth of a broad-spectrwn range of molds including
major mycotoxin-producing species (AspergilluJ' and FtlSanum) and
selective sequestration and immobilization of aflatoxin in the
gastrointestinal tract of livestock and poultry.
Dosage: Administer at 1.25 to 2.5 kg/ton of feed .
Storage: Store in a dry place away from heat. Avoid excessive moisture.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

TOXICHEK PLUS BAI No. FA-145

Comptlny: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: Osbawa Specialty Products, Ontario, Canada

Composition: Propionic acid

Description: A broad spectrwn fungistat, composed of 50% propionic acid.
Indication: Efficacious as inhibitor of mold in grains and feeds; helps to improve
feed efficiency and average daily gain and in the control of Salmonella
and E. coli infections.
Dosage: As mold/pathogen control, apply 0.5 1) 2 kg per metric ton of
grain or complete feed .
Storage: Store in a dry place away from heat. Ke-. p bag sealed when not in
use.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

383
Chapter XI NON-PROTEIN NITROGEN

OPTIGEN"'ll SAl No. VRI 07-2999

Company: AJltech Biotechnology Corporation, Inc.
Manufacturer: AJltech, Inc., USA
Composition: Urea, Vegetable Oil, Beta Carotene, BHT and Citric j\,cid
Description: Optigen'" II is a free flowing gold granule non-protein nitrogen
supplement for cattle,
Indication: Optigen'" II is a non-protein nitrogen supplement to maintain rumen
function in cattle,
Dosage: Optigen'" II should be incorporated in cattle rations at levels to
provide between 90 - 240 grams per animal per day,
Storage: Store in a cool, dry place, Open containers should be resealed, Shelf
life under these conditions is 12 months,
Packaging: 2S kg bags

NUCLEOTIDE

HILYSES SAl No. FA-50G

Company: JA FARMS ASIA PACIFIC, INC.

Manufacturer: ICC Industrial Comercio Exportacao E Importacao, Ltda.
Jardin Paulistino SP, Brazil
Composition: Each kilogram contains mmimum activIty: ~ Glucan (1-3,1-6) : 30+-
3%; J\fannanoligossacharides : 18+-3%; Ethereal Extract: 2,0%; Crude
Fiber: 3,0%; Carbohydrate: 42%
Description: HILYSES is a feed additive from a specific strain of SafiharomyceJ
.'eret'isae t'ar single .rtrain Carlsberg-SCCW that contains high RN ,-\ ,
Hydrolvzed by chosen endogenous and exogenous enzymes leading
to a specific set of reactions releasing nucleotides, nucleosides and
nucleic acids,
Indication: [.'or the support of cellular functionality and the development of
o rgans or cell based defense mechanisms. It prevents the retardation
of cellular multiplicatIon, slows protein synthesis, dece'cration of
enzymatic processes, and retardation of immune response HILYSE.·
is used for greater immunity, higher i.ntestina! integrity ,md better
palatability.
Dosage: .\dd 2.50 to 10 kg per ton for poultry diets; 5 to 20 kg per ton for
piglets, 2.50 kg per ton for starter, grower, fmisher, and S to 10 kg p<:-r
ton of breeder, gestating and lactating diets.; 5 to 10 kg per ton for fish
and shnmp diets; S to 10 kg per ton of pet food diets.
Storage: The product may be stored for 18 months from the date of
manufacture at room temperature 10 unopened original packagmg.
Packaging: 25 kg mulriwalled paper bag with polvethylene 1ll1er.

384
Description of Some Nt/tntlonal ProdllctJ NUCLEOTIDES

NUCLEOFORCE (Nucleotides) BAI No. FA-076

Company: Ultra Bio Corporation

Manufacturer: Bioiberica S.A., Spain
Distributor: Ultra Bio Corporation

Composition: Concentrated yeast extracts powder.

Description: Nucleoforce is a balance concentrate of free nucleotides and active
precursors obtained from dried yeasts. Nucleoforce is manufactured
to specific composition of nucleotides for its intended animal and
was designed to compensate for the metabolic deficiencies of
nucleotides of the specific animal. Please mnJult our technical team for the
t'omplete nutn'ent profile of the product.
Indication: Used as a feed additive in the production of pig, poultry and
aquaculture animals to augment the need for nucleotides of the
animals. Each animal species mil require specific Nucleofon-e produi·t to latisfy
its nucleotide requirements.
Dosage: General dosage guide - 500 grams to 2.0 kilograms per metric ton
of feed. l'\ ctual dosage will depend on need of the animals and type
of nucleoforce to be used. Please con.rult our technical teamjor a better
understandin..f!, on the be.rt IJJaY to use Nudeojorce in the animal dietJ.
Storage: Store in a dry place protected from direct sunlight, properly close
the drum or canister after opening (product is hygroscopic).
Packaging: 1.0 kilogram canister and '1.0 kilogram fiber drum with mner
polyethylene lining.

385
Chapter XI NUTRITIONAL METABOLITE

DIAMOND V XPCTM BAI No. VRI 07 - 2943

Company: Philchema, Inc.

Manuf3cturer: Diamond V MiUs, Inc., USA
Distributor: Philchema, Inc.

Composition: Nutritional metabolites

Description: A more concentrated version of Diamond V X"P. Diamond Vs
proprietary DIM·L;\TRlX technology makes it possible to further
concentrate the nutritional metabolites into a lower inclusion rate
product.
Indication: Improves immune . response. Improve intestinal integrity. Balance
digestive gut microflora. ~vIin.imizes stress on animals. Higher survival
rate. Improve feed digestibility and add palatability to feed rations.
Reduce the effects of mycotoxins.
Dosage: 1Iix or top dress with fmished feeds of swine, poultry, dairy cattle,
beef cattle, horses and companion animals.
Swine - 1 to 2 kg/Mr, Poultry - 0.250 to 1.25 kg/MT, Beef/
Dairy/Horses - 3.5 to 14 grams/head/day
Storage: Store in dry, cool place.
Packaging: 25 kg/bag

DVAQUAnt BAI No. VRI 07 - 2942

Company: Philchema, Inc.

Manuf3cturer: Diamond V MiUs, Inc., USA
Distributor: Philchema, Inc.

Composition: Nutritional metabolites

Description: DV Aqua is a rich source of nutritional metabolites specifically
developed for aquaculture diets including fish and shrimp. DV AQUA
has excellent sensory characteristics and the particle size is
manufactured exclusively for fish and shrimp diets.
Indication: Improve immune response. Improve intestinal integrity. Balance
digestive gut micro flora. :Minimizes stress on animals. Increase growth
and survival rate. Improve feed digestibility and add palatability to
feed rations. Reduce the negative effects of mycotoxins.
Dosage: Fish and Sbrimps - Juveniles/Grow out 1.25 to 2.5 kg/1vIT
Storage: Store in dry, cool place.
Packaging: 25 kg/bag

386
Description of Some Nlllritionai Products NUTRITIONAL METABOLITE

DIAMOND V XpTM BAI No. VRI 04 - 2191

Company: Philchema, Inc.

Manufacturer: Diamond V Mills, Inc., USA
Distributor: Philchema, Inc.

Composition: Nutritional metabolites

Description: Nutrient-packed metabolites as a multifunctional performance
enhancer. Fermentation fortified ingredient with beta-glucans,
mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) and nutritional metabolites
(nucleotides, peptides, oligosaccharides, amino acids, vitamins, organic
acids, esters, and alcohols.
Indication: Improves immune response. Improve intestinal integrity. Balance
digestive gut microflora. l\·linimi.zes stress on animals. Increase growth
and survival rate. Improve feed digestibility and add palatability to
feed rations. Reduce the negative effects of mycotoxins.
Dosage: l\.[ix or top dress with finished feeds of swine, poultry, dairy cattle,
beef came, goats, horses and companion animals.
Swine - Creep/booster: 5 kg/Hr, Starter: 2-2.5 kg/Mr, Grower/
Finisher: 1-1.5 kg/Mr, Gestating: 5-10 kg/Mr, Lactating: 5-7.5 kg/
MT
Fish (all species): 5 kg/Mr
Poultry - Layer chicks: 3-5 kg/Mr, Breeder: 2.5 kg/Mr, Layer (8-
25 wks) 2-3 kg/MT, Layer (26 wks to fmish) 1 kg/Mr, Broiler
booster: 3 kg/Mr, Broiler starter/grower: 2 kg/Mr, broiler fmisher:
1 kg/Hr.
Storage: Store in dry, cool place.
Packaging: 25 kg/bag

387
Chapter XI NUTRITIONAL METABOLITE
----
NU-PRQTM BAI Nos. VRI 07·3007 (USA) or VRI 08·3008
(Brazil) orVRI 08·3413 (Aqua)
Company: AJltech Biotechnology Corporation, Inc.
Manufacturer: Alltech, Inc., USA

Composition: Satxharomya:J ceretlJiae Yeast Extract

M M
Description: NuPro' is a medium brown to dark brown yeast extract. NuPro'
is a functional protein from a specific strain of yeast which contains
highly concentrated levels of essential nutrients which are important
in diets of young animals.
M
Indication: NuPro' contains: nudeotides to benefit health status of newborns;
inositol for proper functioning of the nerves, brain and mudes;
pep tides which provide a highly digestible, adsorbable, consistent
protein source; and, glutamate for enhanced palatability.
Dosage: For livestock and poultry: Use at 1-3% or as specified by the
formulation; for fish: add 5-20kg/ton of feed; for shrimp: add 5-
20kg/ ton of feed
Storage: Store in a cool, dry place. Open containers should be resealed. Shelf
life under these conditions is 18 months.
Packaging: 25 kg bag; 1 kg packs

ODOR/AMMONIA CONTROL

BIOPOWDER BAI No. FA-044

Company: Agrimate, Inc.

Manufacturer: Baja Agro International S.A. DE C.V. (Agroindustrias
Elalamo), Mexico
Distributor: Agrimate, Inc.

Description: Biopowder is a natural feed additive for livestock and poultry used
to control odors, ammonia and other gas emissions which can
be detrimental to livestock performance.
Indication: To bind and lower ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gases,
reducing the offensive odors and manages animal waste.
Dosage: Poultry 100 - 120 grams per ton
Swine 100 - 120 grams per ton
Pets 250 - 500 grams per ton
Packaging: 25 kg carton boxes .

388
Description rf Some Ntltritional Products ODOR/AMMONIA CONTROL

CLEO (Bacillus licheniformis. Bacillus subtilis) BAI No. VRI 05-2544

Company: Easy Bio Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Easy Bio System, Inc., South Korea
Distributor: Easy Bio Philippines, Inc.

Composition: Each gram contains: 1: 1 ratio of Bacillus litheniformis and Bacillus st/btilis
spores: 1.0 x 108 viable spore / g. Dehydrated fermentation product
of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces cermsiae
Description: /\ free flowing light brown powder, fermented product contalOing
Bad/Ius li&heniformis and Bacillus subtilis. A new class of DFl\"1 (Direct-
Fed Microbial) for better animal performance and odor control. It
is manufactured based on a very specialized & advanced fermentation
process using 100% natural fcuits and vegetables as its main culture
media.
Indication: Reduces offensive odor of animal manure; improves weight gain
and feed conversion efficiency; enhances immunity;
Dosage: For swine, poultry and ruminants: 1 kg/ton of feed (O.l%)
Storage: Keep container closed. Store in cool dry place and protect from
light. Store under normal temperature from 15° C to 35° C.
Packaging: 20 kg Kraft bag with inner plastic liner / 5 kg PVC pouch bag

MICR050URCE "5" BAI No. VRI 01-1234

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: Agtecb Products, Inc., Wisconsin, USA

Composition: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefitiens

Description: Microsource "S" is a heat-stable microbial feed additive that contains
organisms selected for their ability to improve the decomposition
of stored swine manure.
Indication: Improvement of feed conversion efficiency and contains amylase
to breakdown starch. Prevents the formation of volatile fatty acid
and reduces ammonia level on the feces of swine.
Dosage: Add 500 g/ton to all types of swine feed.
Storage: Store at temperature below 30°C. Keep away from sunlight and
store in dry place .
Packaging: 25 kg bag

389
Chapter XI ODOR/AMMONIA CONTROL

DE-ODORASE® SAl No. VRI 06-2682

Company: Alltech Biotechnology Corporation, Inc.

Manufacturer: Alltech, Inc., USA

Composition: Yucca s~hidigera Plant Extract

Description: De-Odorase® is a light or medium brown free-flowing powder
with a sweet aroma. De-Odorase® is made from Yucca slhidigera
plant extract which has been known to reduce ammonia (NHJ from
animal waste.
Indication: De-Odorase® forms part of a nutritional strategy to reduce the
impact of ammonia on the health and productivity of confined
livestock, waste treatment and environmental quality.
Dosage: Feed Rates: Add De-Odorase® to diets of poultry, pig, dairy/beef
cattle, equine and aquaculture at 120g/ton. ?vfanure pits: for initial
application, dilute 40g De-Odorase® to 6 li water and add to 4500
Ii of slurry. Repeat every third day for fifteen days. From then on,
dilute 20g De-Odorase® to 6 Ii water and add to 4500 Ii of slurry
once a week.
Storage: Should be stored in a cool, dry place. Open containers sho,uld be
resealed. Shelf life under these conditions is 18 months.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

OMEGA-3 FATTY ACID

GROMEGA ULTRA 365 SAl No. FS-099

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: JBS United, Inc., Indiana, USA

Composition: Fish oil, vitamin premix, alfalfa meal, dry molasses, wheat flour.
Description Gromega Ultra 365 is a long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in a stable,
dry feed additive.
Indication: Plays an important role in the structural integrity of the cell which is
an important consideration for baby pig survival and carcass
composition of market hogs.
Dosage: Mix at the rate of 5 kg (0.5%) per ton of complete feed, continuously
thru lactation, gestation and breeding phases.
Storage: Store in a dry, cool area.
Packaging: 20 kg bag

390
Descriptirm oj Some NutritionaL Products OMEGA-3 FATTY ACID

OPTOMEGA-50 BAI No. VRI 05-2408

Company: Equalivet Incorporated

Manufacturer: Optivite International Ltd., United Kingdom

Composition: Concentrated omega-3 fatty acids from Scottish salmon oil.

Description: OPTOI\IEGA-50 is a concentrated premix of essential omega-3
fatty acid supplement and a rich source of EPA and DHA.
Indication: For use in feeds to supplement essential fatty acid not being synthesized
by mammals. These EFAs are essential to animals to perform vital
functions on their health, fertility and performance.
Dosage: Add 5-20 kg per ton of feed
Storage: OPTOtvfEGA-50 is practically stable at room temperature but may
be affected by extreme temperature and humidity. The product
may be stored for 12 months from the date of manufacture at a
temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

PROMEGA-3 BAI No. VRI 03-1826

Company: NewGen Marketing Inc.

Manufacturer: Jefo Nutrition, Quebec, Canada
Distributor: NewGen Marketing Inc.

Compositiou. Linseed oil, fish oil, vitamin E, silica gel, hydrogenated vegetable oil
Description: To enhance the breeder performance by stimulating the production
of hormones and improving the egg and sperm cell quality.
Indication: Enhances the fertility of sows and boars by improving the efficacy
of reproductive hormone cell receptors (Pg, steroids) and increase
in the production of prostaglandins of the omega-3 family. Improves
the embryo survival ra.ted in sows and the quantity of omega-3
PUFA in sow milk. Improves the quality of boar semen (motility,
sperm cell flagella, flexibility).
Dosage: Sows: 50 g/sow/day for 10 days before the end of lactation; 3-5
kg/ ton of lactating feeds . The sow should receive e"500 g promega-
3 during the lactation period. Boa.rs: 45 g/boar/ day for 7 days a
month; 5-9 kg/ton of breeder ration, fed continuously.
Storage: Keep container well sealed after opening. Store in dry and clean area
Packaging: Bag of 25 kg

391
Chapter XI ORGANIC MINERAL

GLOBAMAX 1000 BAI No. VRI 06-2683

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: Global Nutrition International, France

Composition: Calcium Butyrate, Calcium Lactate

Description: Fine whitish-gray powder or granulate
Indication: Additional source of organic calcium in poultry to improve egg
shell quality. Supplemental energy source for gastrointestinal cells to
improve their integrity and function.
Dosage: 0.5 - 2.0 kg/ton of feed
Storage: Store in a dry place away from direct sunlight and always keep
package well closed. The product can be stored for 12 months
without changes in appearance and composition at the
recommended storage conditions: 2°C - 30°C, at 20-90% humidity.
Packaging: Packed in 25 kg bags with polyethylene liner.

ORGANIC TRACE MINERAL

KemTRACE Chromium Dry 0.04% BAI No. VRI1 0-3960

Company. Kemin Philippines

Manufacturer. Kemin Industries (Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore
Distributor. Litogo Co., Inc.

Composition: Chromium propionate and sodium chloride with mInImum

guaranteed chromium content of 400ppm.
Description: A Chromium supplement in greenish, free-flowing powder with
slight acidic odor. It has a packing density of 1.2-1.3g per cm3 .
Indications: Use to increase litter size of breeder swine, increase the loin muscle
area and reduce backfat thickness in grower-finisher pigs. AIsc-,
improves immune status of animals.
Dosage: Use at the rate of O.5kg per ton of feed to provide 200 ppb 0:
Chromium from Chromium propionate.
Storage: The product should be stored in cool, dry place away from direc
sunlight. Keep packaging closed when not in use. Do not inhale
pre-mix dust. Do not cross contaminate unsupplemented feed s.
Restrict use to responsible individuals.
Packaging: 25kg bag

392
Description oj Some Nutnlionai Products ORGANIC TRACE MINERAL

SELENOSOURCETM AF 2000 SAl No. VRI 04-2148

Company: Philchema, Inc.

Manufacturer: Diamond V Mills, Inc., USA
Distributor: Philchema, Inc

Composition: Selenium yeast and dned yeast

Description: A premium source of organic selenium (SelenomethlonlOe) backed
by more than 65 years of integrity in manufacturing of high quality
fermentation products
Indication: Prevention and treatment of selenium deficiency and improving
animal performance W1der stressful conditions. Improves immune
fW1ction, health and productivity. Greater selenium transfer in sow
milk and colostrums . Maximum immuno-competency, ability to
overcome oxidative stress, resulting to FeR and weight gains. Lower
drip loss, PSE pork and increased shelf life. Optimal sperm quality.
Resistance to mastitis, metritis, agalactia, delayed conception, infrequent
milk let down and neonatal weakness. Normal piglet weight at birth,
health, post-weaning survival and resistance to iron toxicity.
Dosage: Depends on the desired level of selenium in the diet. Please contact
Philchema, Inc representative for dosage recommendation.
Storage: Store in dry, cool place.
Packaging: 25 kg/ bag

SEL-PLEX BAI Nos. VRI 07-3015 (USA) or VRI 08-3425 (BraziQ

Company: Alltech Biotechnology Corporation, Inc.

Manufacturer: Alltech, Inc., USA

Composition: lOOOppm Selenium as Selenium Yeast and Brewer's Dried Yeast

Description: Sel-Plex ®is a tan to brown free flowing powder with typical yeast-
like aroma.
Indication: Sel-Plex ® is an organic fo rm of Selenium for use in all (1oimal
species. Sel-Plex ® provides Selenium to fight against reproductiw,
growth, health and immune challenges.
Dosage: Use Sel-Plex ® to supply dietary selenium requirement.
Storage: Store in a cool, dry place. Open containers should be resealed . Shelf
life under these conditions is 36 months.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

393
Chapter XI ORGANIC TRACE MINERAL

ECONOMASE™ BAI No. VRI 10-3774

Company: AJltech Biotechnology Corporation, Inc.

Manufacturer: AJltech, Inc. (USA)

Composition: 1500ppm Selenium as Selenium Yeast, Dried Fermentation Solubles,

Dried Seaweed !\[eal and Ascorbic Acid
Description: Economase ® is a light medium to brown free flowing powder.
Indication: Economase ® is an animal feed premix containing selenium yeast
and dried seaweed meal formulated to maximize antioxidant status
of livestock and poultry,
Dosage: 200g/ton of complete feeds.
Storage: Should be stored in a cool, dry place, Open containers should be
resealed, Shelf life under these conditions is 12 months,
Packaging: 25 kg bag

ORGANIC TRACE MINERAL PREMIX

BIOPLEX®C BAI No. VRI 09-3600

Company: AJltech Biotechnology Corporation, Inc.

Manufacturer: AJltech, Inc. (USA)

Composition: BIOPLEX@C is a micro mineral premix composed of Zinc

proteinate, Iron proteinate, Manganes proteinate, Selenium yeast,
Copper proteinate, Chromium yeast and Ethylenediamine
dihydroiodide (EDDI)
Description: BIOPLEX@ C is a dark brown powder with a slight odor.
Indication: BIOPLEX@C is a micro mineral premix for pig diets meant to
partially or totally replace inorganic mineral premixes,
Dosage: 1,2 kg/ton of feeds for breeders and piglets and 1kg/ ton for growers
and fmishers,
Storage: Should be stored in a closed container. Storage under these conditions
is 36 months.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

394
Desmption of Some Nutritional Products ORGANIC TRACE MINERAL PREMIX

BIOPLEX®pOULTRY PAK BAI No. VRI1 0-3773

Company: Alltech Biotechnology Corporation, Inc.

Manufacturer: Alltech, Inc. (USA)

Composition: BIOPLEX@ Poultry Pak is a micro mineral premix composed

of Zinc proteinate, ~[anganese proteinate, Selenium yeast, Iron
proteinate, Copper proteinate, Chromium yeast and Ethylenediamine
dihydroiodide (EDDI) and Brewer's Dried Yeast
Description: BIOPLEX@ Poultry Pak is a light tan free flowing powder.
Indication: BIOPLEX@ Poultry Pak is a micro mineral premix for poultry
meant to partially or totally replace inorganic mineral premixes.
Dosage: 1 kg/ton of feeds for breeders and layers and 750 g/ton for broilers.
Storage: Should be stored in a closed container. Storage under these
conditions is 36 months.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

PELLET BINDER

DURABIND BAI No. FAl -008

Company: East Asia Laboratories, Inc.

Manufacturer: East Asia Laboratories, Inc
Distributor: East Asia Veterinary Products, Inc.
Eastern Veterinary Products

Composition: Calcium Lignosulfonate and Sodium Bentonite

Indication: For effective pelleting of feed for livestock, poultry, aqua and pet
foods.
Description: Durabind Pellet Binder is a free flowing active powder used as
pelleting aid to make superior pelleted feed products. Assi.sts protein
and starch ingredients to adhere together and form an outer protective
coating that functions as a moisture barrier.
Dosage: 2-4kg/ton: dependi.ng on the level of moisture, fat, urea or fiber
content of the feeds to be pelleted.
Packaging: 25kg laminated bag

395
Chapter XI PELLET BINDER

EUROPELIN BAI No. FA-421

Company: Eurotec Nutrition Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Global Nutrition International, France

Composition: Gelatin extract derivative

Description: White to light beige microgranulated free-flowing powder
Indication: Europelin is used as pellet binder and improves pellet durability
Dosage: Mix thoroughly into animal feed at the rate of 300-1,000 grams per
ton according to the type of pellet quality desired.
Storage: Product must be stored in its original container. Shelf-life
is 36 months at the recommended storage conditions : 20-30°C, at
20-90% humidity.
Packlging: 25 kg bag

GLOBIND AQUA BAI No. FA-104

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: Global Nutrition International, France

Composition: Amino resins of polymethylcarbamide

Description: \V'hite free-flowing powder
Indication: Highly concentrated reactive binder recommended for forming hard
durable pellets with exceptional water stability and resistance.
Improves pellet durability and water stability. Reduces fine and waste,
increases hardness and consistency. Encapsulates micro ingredients.
Improves nutrient intake and feed conversion rate. Prevents oil leakage
from pellets. Reduces friction and energy consumption leading to
higher process flexibility. Compatible with other ingredients with no
effect on palatability. Low incluSion rate.
Dosage: 0.5 to 2kg/MT. The exact amount is dependent on the feed
Packlging: 25 kg bag with polyethylene lining

396
Description 0/ S()me N utritirmai Prodllds PEPTIDES

MAGNAPRO NUTRITIONAL PEPTIDE BAI No. FI - 333

Company. Philchema, Inc.

Manufacturer: Vitech Bio-Chem Corporation, USA
Distributor: Philchema, Inc.

Composition: Porcine mucosa and small intestine pep tides

Description: i\'fagnapro is made from enzymatic protein hydrolysate that contains
large amount of nutritional peptides that are beneficial and essential
for animals' growth.
Indication: It adds palatability to the feed and enhance feed intake. It helps in the
maturation of intestinal mucosa of young animals. Improve overall
health and growth performance.
Dosage: Use as formulated, inclusion ranges from 1% to 6%, for swine,
poultry and aquaculture diets.
Storage: Keep in dry, cool place.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

PALBIO 50RD BAI No. FI-184

Company: Ultra Bio Corporation

Manufacturer: Bioiberica S.A., Spain
Distributor: Ultra Bio Corporation

Composition: Hydrolized porcine protein (peptide) powder.

Description: Palbio is the vacuum-dried protein peptides (co-product of heparin
production from porcine intestinal mucosa) which possesses exception
characteristics and high digestibility that aids in enhancing feed
consumption and the fast development of the micro-villi of animals.
The ultimate benefit from it is a general improvement of the
production parameters and health of the animals.
Indication: Used as a feed ingredient in the production of pig, poultry and
aquaculture animals.
Dosage: General dosage guide: piglets 2.5 to 10%, growing pigs 0.5 to 1.0%,
breeder pigs 0.5 to 1.5%, broiler birds 1 to 2%, layer birds 0.5 to
2%, and aquaculture feeds 1 to 5%. Actual dosage will depend on
need of the animals.
Storage: Store in a dry place, properly close the bags after opening (pruduct
is hygroscopic) . Do not stock more than 20 bags high as it will
compact the contents of the bags on the lower portion of the st;lck
Packaging: 25 kilogram print<:u haft/paper bag with inner polyethylene
lining.

397
Chapter XI PEPTIDES

PEPSOYGEN BAI No. FI-140

Company: Easy Bio Philippines) Inc.

Manllfactllrer. Geneoiotech Co.,Ltd.
Distriblltor: Easy Bio Philippines, Inc.

Composition: Low I\[olecular Weight Pep tides, Fermentation Metabolites; Crude

Protein 54.25%, Crude Fat 0.85%, Crude Ash 6.62%, Ca 0.37%,
P 0.78%, DCP 51.53%, Metabolizable Energy 3,345 kcal/kg,
I\foisture 8.10%. Amino Acid profile: Lysine 3.54%, Methionine
0.80%, Cystine 086%, Threonine 2.23%, Tryptophan 0.74%,
Isoleucine 2.63%, Arginine 4.23%, Phenylalanine 2.91 %, Histidine
1.54%, Leucine 4.4%, Tyrosine 2.11 %, Valine 2.74%, Alanine 2.51 %,
Aspartate 6.52%, Glutamine 10.34%, Glycine 2.46%, Proline 2.91 %,
Serine 2.97%
Description: "The safest and most economic peptide source» PepSoyGen is
a high quality peptide source produced by the SI\.fPT (Small and
I\[edium Peptide Technology) process. The fermentation process
removes the anti-nutritional factors like trypsin inhibitor and
oligossacharides such as stachyose and raffinose.
Indication: Safe and highly digestible peptide/protein source
Dosage: 3-8% of feed depending on formulation
Storage: Keep container closed . Store in cool dry place and protect from
light. Store under normal temperature from 15° C to 35° C
Packaging: 25 kg Kraft bag with inner plastic liner

398
Description of Some Nutritional Products PEPTIDES

PEPTIVA AQUACULTURE BAI No. FI - 739

Company: Philcherna, Inc.
Manufacturer: Vitech Bio-Chern Corporation, California, USA
Distributor: Philcherna, Inc.
Composition: Growth factor peptides, immunomodulatory peptides, antimicrobial
peptides, feed attractant peptides, hormone-like releasing peptides,
GUT-enhancing pep tides, egg-s timulating peptide, caseino
phosphopeptide-like substance.
Description: A breakthrough product in peptide nutrition affecting the major
body systems - namely, the cardiovascular, digestive, immune and
nervous systems. It is made up of bioactive pep tides that have a
positive impact on body functions and may ultimately influence health.
Indication: Aquaculture (Fish, Prawns, Eel): Reduce mortality of larva fish and
prawns; improve growth, feed intake and health status; improve
fertility; better growth uniformity, less ammonia excretion.
Dosage: Aquaculture (Fish, Prawns, Eel): Feed attractant - 5 kg/l\fT,
Growth promoter - 10 to 50 kg/1 fT
Storage: Store in dry, cool place.
Packaging: 25 kg/bag

PEPTIVA P/L BAI No. FI - 736

Company: Philcherna, Inc.
Manufacturer: Vitech Bio-Chern Corporation, California, USA
Distributor: Philcherna, Inc.
Composition: Growth factor peptides, immunomodulatory peptides, antimicrobial
pep tides, feed attractant peptides, hormone-like releasing peptide,.
GUT-enhancing peptides, egg-stimulating peptide, Clscino
phosphopeptide-like substancf .
Description: A breakthrough product in peptide nutrition affecting the major
body systems - namely, the cardiovascular, digestive, immune and
nervous systems. It is made up of bioactive peptides that have a
positive impact on body functions and may ultimately influence health.
Indication: Poultry: Extend egg production Qongevity and peak); increase egg
weight and egg shell quality; alleviate symptoms of stress; improve
feed intake, health status, fertility and hatchability; improve mineral
absorption efficiency; better growth uniformity, less ammonia
excretion.
Dosage: Broiler starter - 5 to 8 kg/1IT, Broiler grower-finisher/Chick
grower - 3 to 8 kg/I\IT, Layer/Breeder - 1.5 to 5 kg/.i\IT
Storage: Store in dry, cool place.
Packaging: 25 kg/bag

399
Chapter XI PEPTIDES

PEPTIVA POULTRY STARTER BAI No. FI-737

Company: Philcherna, Inc.

Company: Vitech Bio-Chern Corporation, California, USA
Distributor: Philcherna, Inc.

Composition: Growth factor peptides, immunomodulatory pep tides, antimicrobial

peptides, feed attractant peptides, hormone-like releasing peptides,
GUT-enhancing peptides, caseinophosphopeptide-like substance.
Description: A breakthrough product in peptide nutrition affecting the major
body systems - namely, the cardiovascular, digestive, immune and
nervous systems. It is made up of bioactive pep tides that have a
positive impact on body functions and may ultimately influence health.
Indication: Poultry: Alleviate symptoms of stress; improve health status, feed
intake and mineral absorption efficiency. Reduce mortality: Better
growth uniformity. Less ammonia excretion.
Dosage: Chick booster/starter - 5 to 8 kg/l\.IT
Storage: Store in dry, cool place.
Pack!ging: 25 kg/bag

PEPTIVA SEW BAI No.FI-735

Company: Philcherna, Inc.

Manufacturer: Vitech Bio-Chern Corporation, California, USA
Distributor: Philcherna, Inc.

Composition: Growth factor pep tides, immunomodulatory peptides, antimicrobial

peptides, feed attractant peptides, hormone-like releasing pep tides,
GUT-enhancing peptides, caseinophosphopeptide-like substance.
Description: A breakthrough product in peptide nutrition affecting the major
body systems - namely, the cardiovascular, digestive, immune and
nervous systems. It is made up of bioactive pep tides that have a
positive impact on body functions and may ultimately influence health.
Indication: Piglets: Alleviate symptoms of stress and improve health status and
feed intake. Reduce incidence of diarrhea due to better nutrient
digestibility. Reduce mortality. Better growth uniformity. Improve
mineral absorption efficiency. Less ammonia excretion.
Dosage: Booster and Pre-Starter - 5 to15 kg/MT
Storilge: Store in dry, cool place.
Pilckaging: 25 kg/bag

400
Description 0/ Some Nutritional Products PEPTIDES

PEPTIVA SWINE BAI No. FI - 738

Company: Philchema, Inc.

Manufacturer: Vitech Bio-Chem Corporation, California, USA
Distributor: Philchema, Inc.

Composition: Growth factor peptides, immunomodulatory peptides, antimicrobial

pep tides, feed attractant peptides, hormone-like releasing peptides,
GUT-enhancing pep tides, caseinophosphopeptide-llke subs tance.
Description: /\. breakthrough product in peptide nutrition affecting the major
body sys tems - namely, the cardiovascular, digestive, immune and
nervous systems. It is made up of bioactive peptides that have a
positive impact on body functions and may ultimately influence health.
Indica tion: Pigs: Alleviate symptoms of stress and improve health status and
feed intake. Reduce incidence of diarrhea due to better nutrient
digestibility. Reduce mortality.. Better growth uniformity. Improve
mineral absorption efficiency. Less ammonia excretion.
Dosage: Starter/Grower/Finisher - 3 to 5 kg/MT, Breeders - 2 to 3 kg ~{T
Storage: Store in dry, cool place.
Packaging: 25 kg/bag

401
Chapter XI PIGMENTER

CAPSANTAL EBS 30 BAI No. FA - 254

Company. Philchema, Inc.

Manufacturer. Industrial Tecnica Pecuaria S.A., Spain
Distributor: Philchema, Inc.

Composition: }'farigold meal extract, ethoxyquin and inert carriers

Description: Safe, stable and highly available source of natural yellow xanthophylls
in free form, obtained from marigold flower meal . Homogenized,
saponified and isomerized for inclusion in poultry and aquaculture .
Indication: To obtain natural pigmentation for broiler skin and egg yolk. Can
be use as the only source of pigmentation.
Dosage: Dependent on target color and ingredients used in feed formulation .
Please contact Philchema, Inc. representative for dosage
recommendations.
Storage: Keep in dry, cool and dark place. Avoid direct sunlight exposure.
Packaging: Alwninwn bag 25 kg

CAPSANTAL FS 20 BAI No. FA - 497

Company: Philchema, Inc.

Manufacturer: Industrial Tecnica Pecuaria S.A., Spain
Distributor: Philchema, Inc.

Composition: Paprika meal extract, ethoxyquin, and inert carriers

Description: Safe, stable and highly available source of natural red xanthophylls in
free form, obtained from paprika meal. Homogenized, saponified
and isomerized for inclusion in poultry and aquaculture .
Indication: Natural red pigmenter for egg yolk and fish meat. \V'hen used with
Capsantal EBS 30 can easily obtain color of 10 or higher in Roche
scale.
Dosage: Dependent on target color and ingredients used in feed formulation.
Pl ease contact Philchema, Inc representative for dosage
recommendations.
Stonge: Keep in dry, cool and dark place. Avoid direct sunlight exposure.
Ptlckaging: Aluminum bag 25 kg

402
Description of Some N utritional Products PIGMENTER

CAROPHYLL® RED 10% BAI No. VRI 07-2835

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: DSM Nutritional Products France SAS, Village-Nuef, France

Composition: Contains a minimum of 10% canthaxanthin

Description: CarophyU® Red 10% consists of violet-red to red-violet, free-flowing
particles (beadlets). They contain canthaxanthin in a cornstarch-coated
matrix of lignosulfonate. Ethoxyguin is added as antioxidant.
Indication: As feed additive for the pigmentation of egg yolks, table poultry,
salmonids and crustaceans
Dosage: Add 5 to 75 g per ton of feed; amount depends of desired degree
of pigmentation
Storage: Carophyll® Red 10% is sensitive to air, heat, light and humidity. The
product may be stored for 18 months from the date of manufacture
in the unopened, o riginal container and at a temperature below 15
0c.
Packaging: 5 kg bag

CAROPHYLL® STAY-PINK 10%-CWS BAI No. VRI 09-3576

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: DSM Nutritional Products France SAS, Vil1age-Nuef, France

Composition: Contains a minimum of 10% astaxathin

Description: Carophyll® Stay-Pink 10%-CWS 10% consists of free - flowing
particles (beadlets). The individual particles contain astaxanthin
dimethyldisuccinate in a cornstarch-coated matrix oflignosulfonate,
carbohydrates and beeswax. EIDoxyguin is added as an antioxidant.
Indication: Feed additive for the pigmentation of aguatic animals (shrimp, trout,
salmon)
Dosage: Add 500 to 1,000 g per ton of feed. Another option is to add 500
to 1,000 grams to 10 to 15 times its weight in cold or warm water.
The resulting solution can be sprayed in one ton of feed .
Storage: CarophyU® Stay-Pink 10%-CWS is sensitive to air, heat, light and
humidity. The product may be stored for 36 months from the date
of manufacture in the unopened, original container and at a
temperature below 15 °C.
Packaging: 20 kg aluminum bag

403
Chapter XI PIGMENTER

CAROPHYLL®YELLOW 10% BAI No. VRI 07-2834

Company: DSM Nuttitional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: DSM Nuttitional Products France SAS, Village-Nuef, Fran~e

Composition: Contains a minimum of 10% apocarotenoic ester

Description: Carophyll® Yellow 10% consists of % brown-red to red-brown,
free-flowing particles (beadlets). The individual particles contain
apocarotenoic ester in a cornstarch-coated matrix oflignosulfonate.
Ethoxyquin is added as antioxidants.
Indication: As feed additive for the pigmentation of egg yolks and broiler skin
Dosage: A.dd 5 to 70 g per ton of feed; amount depends of desired degree
of pigmentation
Storage: Carophyll® Yellow 10% is sensitive to air, heat, light and humidity.
The product may be stored for 18 months from the date of
manufacture in the unopened, original container and at a temperature
below 15 DC
Packaging: 5 kg bag

KEM GLO DRY BAI No: FA-021

Company: Kemin Philippines

Manufacturer: Kemin Industries (Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore
Distributor: Litogo Co., Inc.

Composition: Saponified paprika extract, ethoxyquin, processed grain-by product.

Description: Stabilized, free flowing red powder with distinct odor of paprika.
Has packing density of 0.45-0.60g per cmo. Serves as natural source
of red carotenoids.
Indications: Use as a sole source of pigmentation or in conjunction with other
pigments. Also use for optimal pigmentation in poultry and fish or
shrimp.
Dosage: Calculation of customer preferred dosage depends on total
carotenoid content in feeds and the required color intensity in poultry
and fish or shrimp.
Storage: The product should be stored in cool, dry place away from direct
sunlight. Keep packaging closed when not in use.
Packaging: 20kg bag

404
Desmption of Some Ntltritional Prod/uts PIGMENTER

lUCANTIN PINK BAI No. FA-161

Company: BASF Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: BASF SE, Germany
Distributor: Carrington Trading, Inc.

Compositiorr. i\t least 10% Astaxanthin dry powder

Description: Free-flowing, dark violet to aubergine powder with particle size of
at least 95% < 0.63mm and bulk density of about 0.48 g/cm3 . It is
a spray formulation based on gelatin, mono and polysaccharides.
Indication: It is used to impart orange to red pigmentation to the flesh of various
fish species and crustaceans. In living shrimp and lobster, it appears
as a grey to blue color with the crustacean's exoskeleton. After boiling,
astlL"'{anthin is released from the bound form to reveal the typical
pink color.
Dosage: 50 - 200 mg/kg of feed
Storage: If properly stored in a dry, cool (below 20 0 q place, original package
can be kept for at least 18 months. The package should be carefully
sealed again after partial amounts have been withdrawn.
Packaging: 25 kg bag in box

lUCANTIN RED BAI No. FA-163

Company: BASF Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: BASF SE, Germany
Distributor: Carrington Trading, Inc.

Composition: _-\t least 10% Canthaxanthin dry powder

Description: Free-flowing, dark red to reddish violet powder with particle size
of at least 95% < O.63mm and bulk density of about 0.6 g/cm 3 . It
is a spray formulation based on gelatin, mono and polysaccharides.
Indication: It is used in poultry nutrition to impart a red color to egg yolks and
broiler skin. It is used in conjunction with yellow pigments to increase
yolk color intensity to meet market demands for golden-orange yolks.
For pigmentation of salmonid fish and crustaceans, Lucantin Red is
supplied in the feed to impart a desirable coloration of the flesh.
Dosage: Dosage may vary depending on the xanthophylls content of the
ration and the desired color scale level
Storage: If properly stored in a dry, cool (below 20 q place, original package
0

can be kept for at least 18 months. The package should be carefully

sealed again after partial amounts have been withdrawn.
Packaging: 'i kg bag in box

405
Chapter XI PIGMENTER

LUCANTIN YELLOW SAl No. FA-162

Company: BASF Philippines, Inc.
Manufacturer: BASF SE, Germany
Distributor: Carrington Trading, Inc.
Composition: At least 10% C-30 ester dry powder (B-apo-8'carotenoic acid ethyl
ester)
Description: Free-flowing powder consisting of yellow-orange particles with
particle size of at least 95%< 0.63mm and bulk density of about 0.6
g/cm J It is a spray formulation based on gelatin, mono and
pol ys accharides.
Indication: It is used in poultry nutrition to impart a golden-yellow color to egg
yolks and skin. In comparison to xanthophylls from plants, Lucantin
Yellow provides three times more coloring potential in yolks and
1.5 times better coloration when applied in poultry skin pigmentation
application.
Dosage: Dosage may vary depending on the xanthophylls content of the
ration and the desired color scale level
Storage: If properly stored in a dry, cool (below 20°C) place, original package
can be kept for at least 18 months. The package should be carefully
sealed again after partial amounts have been withdrawn.
Packaging: 5 kg bag in box

LUCAROTIN 10% FEED SAl No. FA-169

Company: BASF Philippines, Inc.
Manufacturer: BASF SE, Germany
Distributor: Carrington Trading, Inc.
Composition: B-Carotene dry powder 10%
Description: Free flowing red to red-brown powder with a bulk density of about
0.6 gm/cm3. It dissolves slowly in cold water, more rapidly in warm
water (400C) and finally disintegrates with the formation of a
dispersion. The spray formulation is based on gelatin, mono and
polysaccarides It is stabilized with ethoxyquin
Indication: It is indicated to improve the fertility of swine, cattle and horses. It
also has a positive effect in Impw\,ing the resistance of young animals
against infectious rcaring dl:;t·ilses . •-\ deficiency of B-Carotene would
result to silent estrus, retarded mrulation, lack of fertility, embryonic
death and increased susceptibility to diseases
Dosage: Up to 500 mg/animal/day to enhance animal fertility
Storage: If properly stored in a dry, cool (beluw 20°C) place, ongill<ll package
can be kept for at least 18 months. The package should be L:·lrefull l; ·
sealed again after partial amounts have been withdra\.\;n
Packaging: 25 kg llag in box
406
Description of Some Nutn"tionai Products PIGMENTER

OROGLODRY BAI No. FA-020

Company: Kemin Philippines

Manufacturer. Kemin Industries (Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore
Distributor: Litogo Co., Inc.

Composition: Saponified marigold extract, ethoxyquin, processed grain by-products.

Description: Stabilized, free flowing deep yellow carotenoid powder with flower
smell and has packing density of 0.60-0.70g per cmJ Serves as natural
source of yellow xanthophylls.
Indications: Use as a sole source of pigmentation or in conjunction with other
pigments. j\lso use for optimal pigmentation in poultry.
Dosage: Calculation of cus tomer preferred dosage depends on total
carotenoid content in feeds and the required color intensity in poultry.
Storage: The product should be stored in cool, dry place away from direct
sunlight. Keep packaging closed when not in use.
Packaging: 20kg bag

PROBIOTIC

BIO PLUS2B (Bacillus licheniformis. Bacillus subtilis) BAI No. VRI 07-2959

Company: Easy Bio Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Chr Hansen, Denmark
Distributor: Easy Bio Philippines, Inc.

Composition: Bacillus licheniformis - 1.6x1 09 / gram, Bacillus subtilis - 1.6x109 / gram

Description: BioPlus 2B is a non-electrostatic, slightly hygrOSCOpic and free-flowing
yellowish powder. It is a microbial feed additive in which the active
ingredient is an equal O1lxture of spray-dried spore forming bacteria
Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis.
Indication: Increases weight gain; improves feed conversion efficiency; reduces
pre-weaning mortality; reduces offensive odor of animal manure
Dosage: For swine, poultry and ruminants: 0.4-1 kg/ ton of feed
Storage: t-.fust be kept in a dry room at temperatures below 25°C to maintain
optimal activity
Packaging. 20 kg Kraft bag with inner plastic liner

407
Chapte! Xl PROBIOTIC

BONVITAL BAI No. VRI 08 - 3156

Company: NewGen Marketing Inc.

Manufacturer: Schaumann Agri International GmbH - Germany
Distributor; NewGen Marketing Inc.

Composition: bnteromctus faeaum DSJ\ [ 7134

Description: This IS a feed additive with lactic acid bacteria which IS designed
specifically for use In feed for pigs and broilers It stabilizes the
intestinal flora and enhances animal performances.
Indication: Probiotic micro-encapsulated feed additive with lactic acid bacteria
strain Enteromcms faedum (DSl\.I 7134) for a stabilised flora of the
digestive tract and enhanced performances of sows, piglets, fattening
pigs and broiler (improves ADG and FCR, promotes better immW1e
response).
Dosage: Adminis ter to piglets at 50 to 400 g/ton, to sows at 50 to 100 g/
ton, to fattening pigs at 20 to 100 g/ton and to broiler at 20 to 200
g/ton.
Storage: Keep cool and dry place.
Packaging: 25 kg PE-ALU-bag.

-CHALLENGE BAI No. VRI 00 - 998

Company: Accord International, Inc.

Manufacturer: Challenge Bioproducts Co, Ltd., Taiwan
Distributor: Peakhealth Incorporated

Composition: Contains multiple strains of Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria and
pep tides.
Description: CHALLENGE is a direct-fed microbial product for poultry and
swine, designed to improve the health of the animals internally a~
probiotic, and externally by improving the environment they live U1 .
Indication: CHALLENGE promotes the growth of lactic acid bacteria for
better digestion and absorption of nutrients.
Dosage: Add 500 g per ton of feed
Storage: CHALLENGE is practically stable at room temperature but may
be affected by extreme temperature \illd humidity The producr
may be stored for 12 months from the date of manufacture at ,1
temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

408
Desmption of Some Nutritional Products PROBIOTIC

CLOSTAT 11 DRY BAI No. VR110-3931

Company: Kemin Philippines
Manufacturer: Kemin Industries (Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore
Distributor: Refamed Research Laboratory
Composition: Live Bacillu)' subtillls PB6 strain with colony forming units of 2x 1011
cfu per kg, calcium carbonate, silica and calcium propionate.
Description: White to off-white odorless powder of live bacterial cells.
Indication: For use against Clostridium peifn·ngen.r, effective against E.coll, Salmonelfa
spp. and other disease causing organisms in the gut; as an al ternative
to antibiotic growth promotants (AGPs) or as protection to necrotic
enteritis for breeders and layers which cannot be given antibiotics;
used during periods of antibiotic withdrawal for continued protection
against enteritis; promotes drier and well formed manure, better
feed conversion and weight gain.
Dosage: Used at 0.5 kg per ton of feed. Inclusion rate can be increased to 1
kg per ton depending on the severity of clostridial infection.
Storage: The product should be stored in cool, dry place away from direct
sunlight. Keep packaging closed when not in use.
Packaging: 25kg bag

CYLACTIN®LBC ME10 BAI No. VR107-2992

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: Cerbios-Pharma S. Bioferment Div. Barbengo, Switzerland
Composition: Per g of product contains 20 mg of LBC Qactic acid bacteria
concentrate) SF68. The concentration of Enteroo'Ol'l'US faecium is
minimum 10 x 10 9 colony forming units (CFU) per gram.
Description: Cylactin® LBC l\.[E1O, a white to yellow flowable granulate, ia a
micro-encapsulated microbial feed additive containing a dehydrated
culture of the lactic acid-producing strain of Enteromo'us Jaelium
NCIMB 10415 on a carrier of cellulose derivative and sucrose.
Indication: For the stabilization of the intestinal micro flora and improvement in
health and overall performance of poultry, pigs and calves
Dosage: Add 35 to 280 g per ton of feed for broilers/layers; 70 to 125 g per
ton of feed for piglets and sows; 35 to 100 g per ton of feed for
grower/finisher pigs; 100 to 160 g per ton of feed for calves (6
months old).
Storage: Cylactin® LBC I\·fElO may be stored for 24 months from the date
of manufacture in the unopened, original container in a dry place at
a temperature between 2 to 8°C. \'</hen stored at a higher temperature,
the product should be used within 5 months.
Packaging: 10 kg pail
409
Chapter Xl PROTEIN CONCENTRATE

BIOCP BAI No. FI-1365

Company: Equalivet Incorporated

Manufacturer: Profish, Chile

Composition: Per kg Analysis: Crude protein 67%, Lipids 24%, Calcium 0.27%,
Total Phosphorus 0.79%, Lysine 5.8%, l\lethionine + Cystine 3.3%,
Threonine 2.7%, Tryptophan 1.3%, j\lE 5,000 kcal/kg.
Description: BIO CP is a product resulting from a highly enzymatic action on a
very fresh 100% whole fish. The procedure permits the nutritional
characteristics of the fish to be preserved and give its excellent
properties of flavor and atrraction
Indication: For use in piglets, chicks and aquaculture, which needs highly digestible
material and for animals that faced a period of stress.
Dosage: Add up to 6 kg per ton of feed
Storage: BIO CP is practically stable at room temperature but may be affected
by extreme temperature and humidity. The product may be stored
for 12 months from the date of manufacture at a temperature below
25 DC.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

VPC 70% BAI No. FI-1177

Company: Philchema, Inc.

Manufacturer: Eurofeed Technologies, Italy
Distributor: Philchema, Inc.

Composition. Protein concentrate from microbiological origin

Description: VPC 70 is a fme, free flowing product with pleasing taste and odour.
Indication: VPC 70 contains Unidentified Growth Factors (UGFs) that improw
the performance of livestock and poultry. It does not have anti-
nutritional factors (ANFs). The proteins and other nutritional
constituents in VPC 70 are assimilated with least energy consumption
and high biological availability
Dosage: ;\ll animal species - 5 to 50 kgs/mt
Storage: Keep in a cool, dry place.
Packaging: 50 kgs per bag

410
Description 0/ Some Nlltritional ProdmtJ SKIMMILK REPLACER

CRYSTALLAC BAI No. FI - 1988

Company: Diconex (phils.), Inc.

Manufacturer: Nutrifeed, The Netherlands
Distributor: Diconex (Phils.), Inc.

Composition: Crude Protein 38.2%,Crude Fat 2.2%, ~· (oisture 6%, Crude

Fibre 2%, Minerals 7.8%, Carbohydrates 44.9%, Calcium 0.6%,
Phosphorus 0.6%, Sodium 0.2%, Potassium 2%, Lysine 2.6%,
~(ethionine 0.6%, ~Iethionine + Cystine 1.2%, Threonine 1.56%,
Tryptophan 0.52%, Net energy 2420 Kcal/kg, Digestible
Energy (swine) 3478 Kcal/kg, Metabolic energy (swine)
3354 Kcal/kg, ~Wkproducts 70-74%, Vegetable Protein 26-30%,
Lactose 21-24%
Indication: Skimmed milk powder replacer
Dosage: Pigs: 5-25%, Calves: 10-20%, Poultry: 3-6%, Ducks 7-10%,
Goats 10-20%, Turkeys 3-8%, Shrimps 2-6%
Storage: The product may be stored for 12 months from the date of
manufacture at room temperature in the unopened original container.
Packaging: ~(ulti-Iayer paper bags with polythene inner bag; Sealed; contents
25 kg/bag net.

QUALIMILK BAI No. FS L - 140

Company: Equalivet Incorporated

M3Dufacturer: EQI Manufacturing

Composition: Per kg analysis: Crude protein 36%, Crude fat 0.7%, Crude fiber
4.1%, Calcium 0.78%, Total Phosphorus 0.7%, Lysine 2.7 %,
Methionine + Cystine 1.28%, ME 3,048 kcal/kg, Lactose 12%.
Description: QUIUJMILK is a perfect supplement for young pigs. It is highly
digestible and palatable, encouraging feed intake and fills the milk
sugar and lactose needs of the piglets.
Indication: ~Wk replacer designed for piglets.
Dosage: Add 5-25 kg per ton of feed
Storage: QUALIMILK is practically stable at room temperature but may be
affected by extreme temperature and humidity. The product may
be stored for 12 months from the date of manufacture at a
temperature below 25 0c.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

411
Chapter XI SPECIALTY FEED INGREDIENT

FERM-O-TIDE SAl No. FI-1010

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: Midwest Ag Enterprises, Minnesota, USA

Composition: Porcine protein concentrate

Description: Ferm-O-Tide is derived from the co-product after extraction of
heparin from porcine intestines for the human pharmaceutical
industry.
Indication: It is highly soluble and digestibk protein source, and is ideally suitable
to replace or compliment spray dried porcine plasma for early
weaning pigs or high quality fish meal for growing-fmishing pigs,
lactation sow, turkey, broiler and aquaculture diet.
Dosage: To make complete feed:
Weaning pigs (10 kg B\'V): 3.0-10.0%
Growing-Finishing pigs - 1.0-2.0%
Lactation sow: 1.5-3.0%
Chicken and young turkey: 3.0-6.0%
Aqua: 2.0-5.0%
Storage: Store in a dry, cool area.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

PRIMATEX SAl No. FI - 1599

Company: Philchema, Inc.

Manufacturer: Sotexpro, France
Distributor: Philchema, Inc.

Composition: Vegetable protein and energy source

Description: Highly digestible protein and energy source with high Lysine content.
Free flowing with sweet taste free from anti-nutritional factors and
microorganisms. High oil binding capacity (200%).
Indication: Can replace milk and lactose in piglet formulations. Can replace oil
as more digestible energy source for young animals. Can spare
fishmeal and soybean meal as highly digestible protein source for
young animals. Strong binding agent for pellets.
Dosage: Piglets - 50 to 150 kgs/mt, Lactating sows - 15 to 30 kgs/mt,
Poultry - 20 to 25 kgs/mt and Aquaculture - 25 to 50 kgs/mt
Storage: Keep in a cool, dry place.
Packaging: 25 kgs per bag

412
Desmption of Some Nutntional Products SPECIALTY FEED INGREDIENT

PROTIMAX BAI No. FI-385

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: Trouw Nutrition, Illinois, USA

Composition: Pasteurized spray dried whole egg

Description: Protimax is a specialized egg globulin feed supplement for calves
and pigs, based on one of the wonders of nature: the egg
Indication: For baby pigs, results in greater nutritional performance, improved
health from better nutrition & a better bottom line.
Dosage: 1 kg/ton of feed .
Storage: Store in well-closed container in a cool, dry area
Packaging: 1 kg foil

UGFAC BAI No. VRI 99-869

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: Stuhr Enterprises, California, USA

Composition: Dried fIsh solubles, dried extracted streptomyces fermentation

solubles and fermentation meal, corn distillers, dried grains with
solubles and fish meal .
Description: UGFAC is a dietary source of essential vitamins, minerals, amino
acids and other nutritional factor:; required by animals.
Indication: Improves performance of livestock and poultry. Can also be used
as a substitute for fish meal and as a source of animal protein and
other growth factors.
Dosage: 1-5 kg/ton of feed.
Storage: Store in a cool and dry place .
Packaging: 25 kg bag

413
Chapter XI SURFACTANT

KEM WET WS Liguid BAI No. FA-022

Company: Kemin Philippines
Manufacturer: Kemin Industries (Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore
Distributor: Litogo Co., Inc.

Composition: ~Iixture of propylene glycol, propyl alcohol, surfactant, and deionized

water.
Description: i\mber colored water soluble liquid with musky odor.
Indications: Use to maintain a consistent and flowable molasses. To allow for
maximum use of molasses in finished feeds without molasses balling
problems and for prevention of molasses residues in molasses tanks
after total molasses discharge . It also aids in preventing the
accumulation of molasses residues in mixer ribbon and paddles for
better feed hygiene.
Dosage: For first time users, use at 500g per ton of molasses for the first 90
days.After this period, use at 100g per ton. %en using, premix KEi\[
\'</ET WS liquid in 1 liter of water and then add to molasses during
molasses loading in storage tanks.
Storage: The product should be stored in cool, dry place away from direct
sunlight. Keep packaging closed when not in use.
Packaging: 200L and 1MT plastic tank

SPREADMOLASS BAI No. FA-144

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.
Manufacturer: Oshawa Specialty Products, Ontario, Canada

Composition: Butyl butyryl lactate and other ester, monoglycerides and other
glycerides, sorbitan mono-oleate
Description Spreadmolass is an emulsifying agent intended for molasses to
decrease viscosity.
Indication: Allows the use of higher percentages of molasses in the feed, saves
on the cost of energy and labor in the production of molasses feed
products; helps prevents clogging of pumps and pipe, and reduces
sedimentation in beet, citrus and starch types and in liquid hemicellulose
extracts by reducing the surface tension and viscosity of liquid fraction
in molasses, and increasing the penetration of molasses in feed by
approximately 50% and reducing molasses viscosity by approximately
10%.
Dosage: Use 62.5 to 125 g/ton of molasses. To obtain optimwn dispersion,
dilute in approximately 500 ml of water and add to truck or rail car
before loading.
Storage: Store in a dry place away from heat. K.eep lid tightly closed when
not in use.
Packaging: 1 L, 55 Gallon
414
DeJcription if Some Nutritiollal Products SWEETENER

HOGNECTAR BAI No. FA-139

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: Oshawa Specialty Products, Ontario, Canada

Composition: Roughage products, dextrose, natural and artificial flavor components,

saccharin, emulsifiers, silica dioxide, propylene glycol, BHT.
Description: Hognectar is a concentrated, all-purpose, light brown, free flowing
powder with intense freshly ground grain flavor.
Indication: Improves feed palatability and acceptance; helps overcome feed
rejection of less palatable feed ingredients, (e.g. animal by-products
and medicated feed additives); improves consumption of sow
lactation and boar rations; help reduce the effect on animal feed
consumption of warm ambient temperature during the summer
months.
Dosage: l\ux 500 g to 1 kg/ton of feed
Storage: Store in a dry place away from heat. Keep bag tightly closed when
not in use.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

IPROSUGAR HC BAI No. FA-113

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: Iproa S.L. Spain

Composition: Sodium saccharine, neohesperidine dihydrochalcone (NHDC) plus

anticaking agents and carrier.
Description: \'l/hite [me fluid powder
Indication: Iprosugar stimulates early feed intake while masking use of less
palatable feed ingredients. It provides the optimum combination of
saccharine and NHDC to achieve intensity and persistence of
sweetness.
Dosage: 200g/ton of feed .
Storage: Store in a cool and dry place away from direct sunlight and always
keep package well closed. The product can be stored for 12 months
without changes in appearance and composition at the recommended
storage conditions: 18-20°C
Packaging: 25 kg carton box

415
Chapter XI SWEETENER

IPR05UGAR 55 SAl No. FA-112

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.

Manufacturer: Iproa S.L., Spain

Composition: Sodium saccharine, neohesperidine dihydrochalcone (NHDC) plus

anticaking agents and carrier.
Description: \XIhite fine fluid powder
Indication: Iprosugar stimulates early feed intake while masking use of less
palatable feed ingredients. It provides the optimum combination of
saccharine and NHDC to achieve intensity and persistence of
sweetness.
Dosage: 1kg/ton of feed or depending on edulcoration level desired.
Storage: Store in a cool and dry place away from direct sunlight and always
keep package well closed. The product can be stored for 12 months
without changes in appearance and composition at the recommended
storage conditions: 18-20°C
Packaging: 25 kg carton box

PIGNECTAR SAl No. FA-138

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: Oshawa Specialty Products, Ontario, Canada

Composition: Natural and artiflcial flavor components, emulsifiers, propylene

glycol, silica dioxide, natural sweeteners and BHT on suitable grain
carner.
Description Pignectar is a sow milk supplement.
Indication: Fresh sow's milk flavor for mixing w / pre-starter and starter rations
to assure early feed intake and to help overcome stress and post-
weaning lag.
Dosage: Mix 500g to 1 kg/ton of feed.
Storage: Store in a dry place away from heat. Keep bag tightly closed when
not in use.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

416
Description of Some N Hlntional Products SWEETENER

SUGARMATE BAI No. FA-140

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: Oshawa Specialty Products, Ontario, Canada

Composition: Roughage products, dextrose, saccharin, natural and artificial flavor

components, propylene glycol, emulsifiers, BHT.
Description: Sugarmate is an all-purpose sweet taste supplement intended to be
a complete substitute for sucrose or cane sugar whenever sweetening
is reguired in feeds.
Indication: For use as sugar substitute and for sweetening feeds to encourage
feed intake.
Dosage: As a sweetener, use 500 g to 1 kg/ton of feed. To replace sugar, USE
500 g of Sugarmate to replace 50 kg of sugar (1:100)
Storage: Store in a dry place away from heat. Keep bag tightly closed when
not in use.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

ULTRA SWEET PIGNECTAR BAI No. FA-141

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: Oshawa Specialty Products, Ontario, Canada

Composition: Roughage products, dextrose, natural and artificial flavor components,

saccharin, emulsifiers, silica dioxide, propylene glycol, BHT.
Description: Ultra Sweet Pignectar is a concentrated, light brown, free flowing
powder with intense sweetened sow's milk flavor.
Indication: For mixing with pre-starter and starter rations to assure early feed
intake and to help overcome stress and post weaning lag.
Dosage: Mix 500 g to 1 kg/ton of feed
Storage: Store in a dry place away from heat. Keep bag tir;htly closed when
not in use.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

417
Chapter XI TOXIN BINDER

ATOX BAI No. FA-258

Company: Philchema, Inc.

Manufacturer: Industrial Tecnica Pecuaria S.A. , Spain
Distributor: Philchema, Inc.

Composition: Magnesiwn smectite

Description: Natural magnesium smectite specially selected due to its optimal
mycotoxin binding properties, presenting no interference with
nutrients.
Indication: Protects animals from the negative effects of mycotoxins including
reduced feed intake; lower feed efficiency; yield losses: meat, eggs
and milk; inununodepression; reduced reproductive performance.
Dosage: 2 kg/]\. [T 0 f feed
Storage: Store in dry, cool place.
Packaging: 20 kg/bag

CO-BIND BAI No. FA-039

Company: Agrimate, Inc.

Manufacturer: Special Nutrients, U.S.A.
Distributor: Agrimate, Inc.

Description: Co-bind is a combination of 2 di-polar, non expandable hydrated

sodium calcium aluminosilicate (chlorite and illite) that binds
aflatoxins and other mycototoxins and does not absorb nutrients.
Indication: For the prevention and treatment of mycotoxicosis in animals.
Dosage: 2.5 kilo per ton of feeds.
Packaging: 25 kg bag.

418
Descriptiofl of Some Nutritional Prodtlcts TOXIN BINDER

CO-BINDAZ BAI No. FA-040

Company: Agrimate, Inc.

Manufacturer: Special Nutrients, U.S.A.
Distributor: Agrimate, Inc.

Description: Co-bind A-Z is a new generation mycotoxin binder, is a

purified phylosilicate that captures aflatoxin and all Fusarium
toxins, especially zearalenone, at a very low inclusion level. It
has a high net absorption capacity and does not absorb nutrients.
It is specially designed for swine, cattle and poultry.
Indication: For the prevention and treatment of myco toxicosis in feeds
Dosage: Administer at 1,000 grams per ton of feed.
Packaging: 25 kg bag.

DETOX BAI No. FA-121

Company: Eurotec Nutrition Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Global Nutrition International, France

Composition: H ydrated sodium calcium alumino-silicate

Description: Off-white [me free flowing powder
Indication: Binds with broad range of mycotoxins including aflatoxins,
ochratoxins, vomitoxins, zearalenone and tricothecenes ([2).
Dosage: 1 to 2 kg/ton of feeds .
Storage: Sto re in a dry place away from direct sunlight and always keep
package well closed. The product can be stored for 36 months
without changes in appearance and composition at the recommended
storage conditions:20-30°C, at 20-90% humidity.
Packaging: 25 kg bag with polyethylene lining

419
Chapter XI TOXIN BINDER

ELiTOX BAI No. FA-241

Company: Nuevo Milenio, Inc.

Manufacturer. Impextraco NV, Belgium
Distributor. Nuevo Milenio, Inc

Composition. Natural biopolymer, enzymes, natural extracts, vitamin C and specially

selected minerals
Description: Elitox is a light brown, free-flowing powder with fresh smelling
odour that eliminates mycotoxins in the gut of the animal.
Indication: Use as a feed additive that eliminates mycotoxins in animals.
Dosage: 0.5 - 2.5 kg/ton of feed, depending on the level of mycotoxin
contamination and situation of the animals
Storage: Store in a dry, cool place in the original sealed packaging
Packaging. 25 kg in aluminum bag.

IMPROVED MILBOND TX- Hydrated Sodium Calcium BAI No. FA - 502

Company: Pfizer Inc. - Chino Roces Avenue, Makati City

Manufacturer: Milwhite, Inc. 5487 So. Padre Island Hwy, Brownsville, Texas

Composition: Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate: 100%

Description: Improved Milbond-TX is an activated hydrated calcium
aluminosilicate specially formulated in the US to completely protect
against the deleterious effects of Aflatoxins.
Indication: Binder for mycotoxins in contaminated animal feed.
Dosage: 2.5 kg/ton of feeds
Packaging: 25kgs/bag

420
Description of Some N ",tnjionaf Products TOXIN BINDER

MTB-100® BAI Nos. VRI 07·2826 (USA) or VRI 08·339 (Brazil)

Company: Alltech Biotechnology Corporation, Inc.

Manufacturer: Alltech, Inc. (USA)

Composition: Brewer's Dried Yeast, Calcium carbonate, Brewer's Fermentation

Solubles, Hydrated Sodium Calcium i\luminosilicate
Description: MTB·IOO ® is a light tan (USA) to dark brown (Brazil) free flowing
powder. MTB-IOO ® is a modified glucomannan molecule, extracted
from the inner portion of the yeast cell wall that reduces the negative
effects of a broad range of mycotoxins.
Indication: MTB-IOO ® is a natural toxin adsorbent with a naturally high affinity
and capacity to bind mycotoxins. It helps in the prevention and control
of mycotoxicoses due to feeds.
Dosage: 0.5 to 2.0 kg/ton of feed
Storage: Store in a cool, dry place. Open containers should be resealed. Shelf
life under these conditions is 36 months.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

MYCOFIX PLUS 3.0 BAI No. VRI 01-1319

Company: Ariela Marketing Co., Inc.

Manufacturer: Biomin GTi, Austria

Composition: A synergistic blend of selected processed minerals with high adsorbent

properties, enzymes, patented live organism BBSH 797, Phytogenic
substances and phycophytic constituents.
Description: ilycofix Plus 3.0 is beige, grayish fine powder composed of
diatomaceous earth, caolinite clay, ascophyllum spp., saccharomyces
spp., marigold extract, BBSH (Binder Binder Shatzmayr Heidler)797 .
Indication: Control and prevention of mycotoxicosis.
Dosing: 1 to 2.5 kg/ton of feed
Storage: Store in a dry place and avoid direct sunlight.
Packaging: 25 kg carton

421
Chapter XI TOXIN BINDER

MYCOFIX SELECT 3.0 BAI No. VRI 01-1301

Company: Ariela Marketing Co., Inc.

Manufacturer: Biomin GTi, Austria

Composition: A synergistic blend of selected processed minerals with high adsorbent

properties, patented live organism BBSH 797, Phytogenic substances
and phycophytic constituents.
Description: Mycofix Select 3.0 is beige, grayish fme powder I t is composed
of Ascophyllum spp., marigold extract, BBSH (Binder Binder
Shatzmayr Heidler)797 and blend minerals.
Indication: Control and prevention of mycotoxicosis.
Dosing: 1 to 2 kg/ ton of feed
Storage: Store in a dry place and avoid direct sunlight.
Packaging: 25 kg carton

NILTOX BAI No. FAl -009

Company: East Asia Laboratories, Inc.

Manufacturer: East Asia Laboratories, Inc
Distributor: East Asia Veterinary Products, Inc.
Eastern Veterinary Products

Composition: Hydrated sodium calcium aluminium silicates

Description: Niltox is composed of specially blended and potentiated
phyllosilicates and naturally occurring hydrated sodium calcium
alumino silicates with a strong and highly selective capability to adsorb
and bind mycotoxins and other toxin metabolites in mixed feeds
and feed ingredients. It is powdered, free-flowing, odourless and
tasteless creamy white modified alumino silicate
Indication: Binds mycotoxins naturally present in mixed feeds and feed ingredients
and inactivates these harmful compounds, preventing stunted growth.
decreased egg production, decreased overall performance and in
severe cases, death of swine and other susceptible livestock due to
damages in the vital organs.
Dosage: Below 13% moisture, use lkg/ton; above 13% moisture, use 2kg/
ton.
Packaging: 25 kg Kraft paper bag with polyethylene lining

422
Description of Some Nlltntionaf Promlcts TOXIN BINDER

NILTOX FORTE BAI No. VRM 03-911

Company: East Asia Laboratories, Inc.

Manufacturer: East Asia Laboratories, Inc
Distributor: East Asia Veterinary Products, Inc
Eastern Veterinary Products

Composition Alumino silicate, Calcium propionate, Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone and

Ammonium carbonate
Description: NiJtox Forte is a formulation composed of special feed additives
designed to eliminate hazardous toxins through a selective binding
process. Its efficacy in toxin binding and mold inhibition has been
proven by series of tests conducted to determine its efficacy. Its
catalytic properties also help in significantly reducing or eliminating
foul odour in animal excreta.
Indication: Inhibits the growth of molds in mixed feeds and in feed ingredients;
binds and inactivates mycotoxins present in feed; maintains the
palatability of feed and preserves the nutritive value of ingredients;
Increases the shelf life of finished feed; lessen antibiotic use due to
enhanced gastrointestinal condition; and promotes growth and
improves feed conversion efficiency.
Dosage: For prevention, use 500g/ton of feed. For treatment, use lkg to
3kg/ton of feeds.
Packaging: 25 kg Kraft paper bag with polyethylene lining.

NOVASIL PLUS BAI No. FA-158

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: Trouw Nutrition, Illinois, USA

Composition: Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate

Description: Novasil plus is an HSCAS toxin binder containing high levels of
smectites to selectively and effectively bind aflatoxins.
Indication: Prevents aflatoxicosls and tissue aflatoxin residues in chicken, turkeys,
pigs, lambs; reduces of aflatoxin }.[1 in residues of milk from dairy
cows and goats.
Dosage: Administer at 1 to 5 kg/ton of feed
Storage: Store in a cool, dry place.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

423
Chapter XI TOXIN BINDER

TIXOLEX 28 SAl No. FA-239

Company: APF Corporation

Manufacturer: Rhodia Silica Korea Co., South Korea
Distributor: APF Corporation

Composition: Amorphous sodilUn aluminosilicate

Description: Purified Na alunllnosilicate having a composition of Si0 2, "AJ 20/
Na 20
Indication: Prevents mycotoxicosis in poultry and swine; anti-caking agent
Dosage: 500 grams to 1 kilogram per ton of feeds
Storage: Avoid storing in warm conditions. Keep away from direct exposure
to sunlight
Packaging: 25 kg bag

TOXIFIN JJ.!y SAl No. FA-023

Company: Kemin Philippines

Manufacturer: Kemin Industries (Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore
Distributor: Refamed Research Laboratory

Composition: Physically and chemically activated bentonite, sepiolite, and calcium

propionate using the Kemin patented method of activation. Also
has sodium chloride, silica and butylated hydroxyanisole.
Description: A broad spectrum toxin binder made of light brown odorless
powder with more than 95% of its particles passing though the #20
mesh . C

Indications: For protection of animals from harmful effects of wide range of

mycotoxins, for better immune response and growth performance.
Dosage: Use at the rate of 1-3kg per ton depending on the level of mycotoxin
contamination. Contact a Kemin representative for specific application
advice and for comparative evaluation of toxin binders using the bi-
phasal method of evaluation.
Storage: The product should be stored in cool, dry place away from direct
sunlight. Keep packaging closed when not in use.
Packaging: 25kg bag

424
Description of Some Nlltn"tional Products TOXIN BINDER ·

TOXISORB CLASSIC BAI No. FA - 494

Company: Bayer Animal Health

Manufacturer: Sud - Chemie, Germany
Distributor: Available nationwide at any authorized Bayer distributor

Composition: l\lontmorillonite clay

Description: Alkaline activated, dioxin and heavy metal free montmorillonite clay
with high binding characteristic for aflatoxin found in feed ingredients.
Indiciltion: To be added in compound feeds of poultry, agua and livestock to
prevent mycotoxicosis mainly due to aflatoxins.
Dosage: Low content of mycotoxins / preventive: 1 to 2 kg per ton of feed
Increased content of mycotoxins: 3 kg per ton of feed
Acute symptoms in animals: 4 kg per ton of feed
25 kg kraft bag

TOXISORB PREMIUM BAI No. FA - 493

Compilny: Bayer Animal Health

Manufacturer: Sud - Chemie, Germany
Distributor: Available nationwide at any authorized Bayer distributor

Composition: Organically modified montmorillonite clay

Description: Organically modified montmorillonite clay which effectively binds
all kinds of mycotoxins (aflatoxin, zearalenone, T2 toxin ,
deoxynivalenol, fumonisin , ochratoxin) found in feed ingredients. It
is also alkaline and acid activated, dioxin and heavy metal free toxin
binder.
Indication: To be added in compound feeds of poultry, agua and livestock to
prevent mycotoxicosis due to multiple toxins.
Dosage: Low content of mycotoxins / preventive: 1 to 2 kg per ton of feed
Increased content of mycotoxins : 3 kg per ton of feed
Acute symptoms in animals: 4 kg per ton of feed
Pacialging: 25 kilos in laminated kraft bag

425
Chapter XI TOXIN BINDER

ZETOX BAI No. FA-455

Company: Equalivet Incorporated

Manufacturer: Optivite International Ltd., United Kingdom

Composition: Hydrated magnesium aluminosilicate, propionic acid, ammonium

propionate, acetic acid and sorbic acid.
Description: ZETOX is a unique triple-action product namely anti-bacterial, anti-
mold and anti-toxin.
Indication: For prevention and control of the microbial issues in feeds specifically
bacteria, molds and mycotoxins.
Dosage: A.dd 2 kg per ton of feed
Storage: ZETOX is practically stable at room temperature but may be affected
by extreme temperature and humidity. The product may be stored
for 12 months from the date of manufacture at a temperature below
25°C. Storage temperature of above 30 °C may affect the efftciency
of the product.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

TRACE MINERAL PREMIX

AMCICHELMIN C BAI No. VRI 09-1421

Company: Ariela Marketing Co., Inc.

Manufacturer: Ariela Marketing Co., Inc., Philippines

Composition: Chromium, copper, zinc, selenium, iron, cobalt and manganese.

Description: A blend of highly absorbable and pH-stable chelated minerals. It is
designed primarily to prevent mineral deficiencies. It is further fortifted
with chelated Chromium to improve the overall production and
reproduction parameters in animals.
Indication: For promotion of healthy and uniform piglets. For faster growth
and more improved feed conversion. For decreased GI distress.
For increasing the overall reproductive performance.
Dosing: 0.5 to 1 kg/ton of feed
Storage: Store in a dry place and avoid direct sunlight
Packaging: 25 kg bag

426
Description if Some Nutritional Products TRACE MINERAL PREMIX

AMCICHELMIN PLUS I SAl No. VRI 09-1422

Company: Ariela Marketing Co., Inc.

Manufacturer: Ariela Marketing Co., Inc., Philippines

Composition: Copper, zinc, seleniwn, iron, cobalt and manganese.

Description: A highly absorbable blend of minerals designed to prevent and
correct deficiencies. A mineral premix with a high level of iron and
suitable for piglets, gestating and lactating sows.
Indication: For promotion of healthy and uniform piglets. For faster growth
and more improved feed conversion. For decreased GI distress.
Prevention of mineral deficiency diseases and its harmful effects in
young stocks.
Dosing: 0.5 to 1 kg/ton of feed
Storage: Store in a dry place and avoid direct sunlight
Packaging: 25 kg bag

SAYMIN SAl No. VRM 10-1469

Company: Bayer Animal Health

Manufacturer: Bayer Animal Health
Distributor: Available nationwide at any authorized Bayer distributor

Composition: ~v£inerals(Iron, Copper, Zinc, ~langanese, Cobalt, Selenium, Iodine)

Description: Complete and well-balanced mineral premix formulated for today's
modern poultry and swine breeds
Indication: For the prevention of mineral deficiency and to optimize genetic
potential of poultry and livestock.
Dosage: Depending on the formulation but normally added at 1- 1.5 kilos
per ton of feed
Storage: Store between 20 or 30°C away from direct sunlight
Packaging: 25 kilos in laminated kraft bag

427
Chapter XI TRACE MINERAL PREMIX

ROStGOLD® MINERAL - P BAI No. VRI 04-2055

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Rovithai Limited, Chonburi, Thailand

Composition: Per kg of Rosigold® J\fineral- P contains: Iron 100,000 mg, Copper

10,000 mg, Manganese 100,000 mg, Zinc 75,000 mg, Cobalt 1,000
mg, Iodine 1,000 mg and Selenium 120 mg. BMP- iodine, BMP-
cobalt and BMP-selenium are used in the mineral premix.
Description: Rosigold® Mineral - P is dark gray, fme free flowing powder that
can be added to feed of poultry. The product is safe for the intended
use.
Indicatio1l: For prevention and treatment of iron, copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt,
iodine and selenium deficiencies in poultry.
Dosage: Add 1,000 g per ton of feed for pre-lay, layer and breeder; 800 g
per ton of feed for chick/broiler.
Storage: Rosigold® 11ineral - P may be stored for at least 12 months from
the date of manufacture in the unopened original container and at a
temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

ROSIGOLD® MINERAL - 5 BAI No. VRI 04-2054

Company: DSM N utr-itional Products Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Rovithai Limited, Chonburi, Thailand

Composition: Per kg of Rosigold® 1Gneral - S contains: Iron 125,000 mg, Copper

7,500 mg, Manganese 25,000 mg, Zinc 125,000 mg, Cobalt 500 mg,
Iodine 175 mg and Selenium 300 mg. BMP- iodine, BMP-cobalt
and B1fP-selenium are used in the mineral premix.
Description: Rosigold® Mineral - S is dark gray, fine free flowing powder that
can be added to feed of swine. The product is safe for the intended
use
Indication: For prevention and treatment of iron, copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt,
iodine and selenium deficiencies in swine.
Dosage: Add 800 g per ton of feed for pig booster, pre-starter and breeder;
600 g per ton of feed for pig starter and grower; 400 g per ton of
feed for hog fmisher.
Storage: Rosigold® I\[ineral - S may be stored for at least 12 months from
the date of manufacture in the lmopened original container and at a
temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

428
Descriptio'l of Some Nutritio'lal Products TRACE MINERAL PREMIX

USPA NEW MINERAL PREMIX BAI No. VRM 00-602

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer. AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Composition: l\finerals, choline chloride.

Description: I'Ilineral supplement for swine.
Indication: Provides optimum levels of minerals to improve growth &
production performance. Prevention or treatment of mineral &
choline chloride deficiencies in swine.
Dosage: Growers: 1.2 kg/ton of feed .
Fatteners: 0.9 kg/ton of feed.
Storage: Store at temperature below 30° C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

USPA SPECIAL MINERAL PREMIX BAI No. VRM 00-604

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer. AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Composition: Minerals, choline chloride.

Description: Mineral supplement for swine.
Indication: Provides optimum levels of minerals to improve growth &
production performance. Prevention or treatment of mineral &
choline chloride deficiencies in swine.
Dosage: Growers : 1.2 kg/ton of feed .
Fatteners : 0.9 kg/ton of feed .
Breeders : 1.5 kg/ton of feed.
Pre-Starter/Starter : 1.8 kg/ton of feed
Storage: Store at temperature belGw 30° C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

429
Chapter XI VITAMIN A

LUTAVIT A 1000 PLUS BAI No. VRI 05-2353

Company: BASF Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: BASF SE, Germany
Distributor: Carrington Trading, Inc.

Composition: At least 1,000,000 IU of Vitamin . :\ per gram (HPLC)

Description: Brownish, free flowing powder with particle size of at least 97% <
0.63 mm and bulk density of about 0.55 gm/cm 3 . Insoluble in hot
or cold water. Lutavit A 1000 Plus is a stabilized (coated) product.
The following factors guarantee a good stability: (a) esterification of
retinol with acetic acid to give the more stable retinyl acetate (b)
addition of a combination of antioxidants and other stabilizing agents
(c) incorporation of the Vitamin A droplets in micro-dispersed form
in a gelatin-carbohydrate matrix by means of a special spray and
formulation technique and (d) a special after treatment makes the
product insoluble in hot water. This gives additional protection for
Vitamin A against vapor content, pressure and temperature in feeds.
As a result of this additional treatment, the particle shape is retained
and good stability is guaranteed. For good flowability and to avoid
lump formation, the dry powder particles are additionally treated
with an anti-caking agent.
Indication: Lutavit A 1000 Plus is a. feed vitamin supplement to prevent Vitamin
A deficiency. It is suitable for all types of vitamin blends, premixes,
mineral and mixed feed .
Storage: If properly stored in a dry, cool place with temperature not more
than 25° C, original package can be kept for at least 12 months . The
package should be carefully sealed again after partIal amounts have
been withdrawn.
Packaging: 20 kg plastic bag

430
Demiptioll if Some Nutritional Products VITAMIN A

LUTAVIT A 500 PLUS BAI No. VRI 05-2308

Company: BASF Philippines) Inc.

Manufacturer: BASF Vitamins Co. Ltd) China
Distributor: Carrington Trading) Inc.

Composition: At least 500,000 IU of Vitamin A per gram (HPLC)

Description: Brownish to dark brown, free flowing powder with particle size of
at least 97% < 0.63 mm and bulk density of about 0.6 gm/cm3 .
Insoluble in hot or cold water. Lutavit .\ 500 plus is a stabilized
(coated) product. The following factors guarantee a good stability:
(a) esterification of retinol with acetic acid to give the more stable
retinyl acetate (b) addition of a combination of antioxidants and
other stabilizing agents (c) incorporation of the Vitamin A droplets
in micro-dispersed form in a gelatin-carbohydrate matrix by means
of a special spray and formulation technique and (d) a special after
treatment makes the product insoluble in hot water. As a result of
this additional treatment, the particle shape is retained and good
stability is guaranteed . For good flowability and to avoid lump
formation, the dry powder particles are additionally treated with an
anti-caking agent.
Indication: Lutavit A 500 Plus is a feed vitamin supplement to prevent Vitamin
A deficiency. It is suitable for all types of vitamin blends, premixes,
mineral and mixed feed . The flowability and mixing behaviour is
excellent and guarantees homogeneous mixing in all types of feed .
Storage: If properly stored in a dry, cool place with temperature not more
than 25° C, original package can be kept for at least 15 months . The
package should be carefully sealed again after partial amounts have
been withdrawn.
Packaging: 25 kg plastic bag

431
Chapter XI VITAMIN A

LUTAVIT A 500 S BAI No. VRI 00-1073

Company: BASF Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: BASF SE, Germany
Distributor: Carrington Trading, Inc.

Composition: At least 500,000 IU of Vitamin A per gram (HPLC)

Description: Pale yellow, fme, free flowing powder with particle size of at least
97% < 0.6 mm and bulk density of about 0.5 gm/cm 3 Very easily
dispersible in cold water. Lutavit A 500 S is a stabilized (coated)
product. Vitarrlin A is i,ncorporated in finely dispersed form in a
matrix of milk constituents and gelatin and stabilized with antioxidants.
Indication: Lutavit A 500 S is a vitamin supplement to prevent Vitamin ,-\
deficiency. It is highly suitable for water-dispersible multivitamin
mixtures which are administered directly by means of the drinking
water and milk replacers for piglets, calves and other animals.
Storage: If properly stored in a dry, cool place with temperature not more
than 25° C, original package can be kept for at least 15 months.
Packaging: 25 kg bag in a box

MICROVIT A PROSOL 500 BAI No. VRI 95-293

Company: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd.

Manufacturer: ADISSEO France S.A.S
Distributor: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd.

Composition: Vitamin A (retinyl acetate 500,000 IU/gm)

Description: I"[icrovit A Prosol 500 is a water dispersible source of vitamin A
acetate. The product is spray-dried with an antioxidant to provide a
stabilized vitarrlin A powder that is protected by a water dispersible
coating. Microvit ,-\ Prosol 500 is a yellow orange, free-flowing
granular powder ideally suited for liquid feeding applications.J\·[icrovit
A Prosol 500 is exclusively used in the manufacture of animal feed
products.
Indication: Source of vitamin A for all types of animal liquid feed (milk replacer,
soluble powder for drinking preparation, etc.).
Dosage: J\·ficrovit A Prosol 500 should be premixed first before use to ensure
optimum mixability. Please refer to PHILSAN recommends for the
right level of supplementation of Vitamin A for each stage of growth .
Storage: Store at 20-220C. Shelf-life: 15 months
Packaging: 20-Kg bag

432
Description of Some Nutritional Products VITAMIN A

MICROVIT A SUPRA 1000 BAI No. VRI 02-1589

Company: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Manufacturer: ADISSEO France S.A.S
Distributor: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd.

Composition: Vitamin A (retinyl acetate 1,000,000 IU/gm)

Description: t,licrovit A Supra 1000 is a stabilized source of vitamin A acetate.
1ucrodroplets of vitamin A are evenly distributed in a gelatin matrix
with an antioxidant. Microvit A Supra 1000 is an orange/brown,
free-flowing powder of spherical beadlets. The unique coat-ing
process provides' a product that has improved vitamin stability, is
well suited for use in aggressive premixes and feed manufacturing
processes, and promotes good mixability in feeds. t,·llcrovit A Supra
1000 is exclusively used in the manufacture of animal feed products.
Indication: Prevention of vitamin A deficiency in animals.
Dosage: t,·ucrovit A Supra 1000 should be premixed first before use to ensure
optimum mixability. Please refer to PHILSAN recommends for the
right level of supplementation of Vitamin A for each stage of growth.
Storage: Store in a cool dry place at temperature bet-ween 20-250C, in a
well-closed container. Protect from light. Shelf-life: 15 months.
Packaging: 25-Kg bag

433
Chapter XI VITAMIN A

ROVIMIX® A 1000 BAI No. VRI 04-2075

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Sisseln, Switzerland

Composition: Each gram contains a minimum of 1,000,000 I.U Vitamin A

Description: Rovimix® A 1000 consists of beige, light brown, grey to bluish grey
free-flowing particles (beadlets). The beadlets contain vitamin A
acetate fmely dispersed in a cross-linked matrix of gelatin, glycerine
and carbohydrates, and are coated with calcium silicate and stabilized
with ethoxyquin. Product color can vary to a certain extent because
naturally derived ingredients are used.
Indications: Important for the development of skin and mucosa, in the synthesis
of the visual purple, in the reproduction process, in the immune
response mechanism & in growth of body.
Storage: Rovimix® ..t... 1000 is sensitive to air, heat, light and humidity. The
product may be stored for 15 months from the date of manufacture
in the unopened original container and at a temperature below 15
0c.
Packaging: 20 kg bag

ROVIMIX® A 500 WS BAI No. VRI 02-1642

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: DSM Nutritional Products France SAS, Village-Neuf,
France

Composition: Each gram contains a minimum of 500,000 IU Vitamin A

Description: Rovimix® A 500 WS is a brownish spray-dried powder of vitamin
A acetate finely dispersed in a matrix of starch and dextrin. The
Vitamin A is stabilized with ethoxyquin. It is dispersible in water.
Indica tions: Important for the development of skin and mucosa, in the synthesis
of the visual purple, in the reproduction process, in the immune
response mechanism & in growth of body. For animal nutrition in
milk replacers and liquid diets
Storage: Rovimix® A 500 W is sensitive to air, heat, light and humidity. The
product may be stored for 15 months from the date of manufacture
in the unopened original container and at a temperature below 15
0c.
Packaging: 20 kg bag

434
Description of Some NutritionaL Products VITAMIN AD)

LUTAVIT AD 3·1 000/200 PLUS BAI No. VRI 05-2392

Company: BASF Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: BASF SE, Germany
Distributor: Carrington Trading, Inc.

Composition: ,\t least 1,000,000 IU of \'itamm A per gram (HPLC) and 200,000
IU of Vitamin D3 per gram (HPLC)
Description: Brownish to dark brown, free flowing powder with particle size of
at least 97% < 0.63 mm and bulk density of about 0.55 gm/cm3 •
Insoluble in hot or cold water. Lutavit AD3 1000/200 plus is a
stabilized (coated) product. The following factors guarantee a good
stability: (a) esterification of retinol with acetic acid to give the more
stable retinyl acetate (b) addition of a combination of antioxidants
and other stabilizing agents (c) incorporation of the Vitamin I\, and
D 3 droplets in micro-dispersed form in a gelatin-carbohydrate matrix
by means of a special spray and formulation technique and (d) a
special after treatment makes the product insoluble in hot water. As
a result of thIS additional treatment, the particle shape is retained and
good stability IS guaranteed. For good flowability and to avoid
lump formation, the dry powder particles are additionally treated
WIth an anti-cakmg agent.
Indication: Lutavit ,ill3 1000/200 Plus IS a feed vitamin supplement to prevent
Vitamm "\ and D3 defiCIency. It IS SUItable for all types of vitamm
blends, premixes, mineral and mIxed feed.
Storage: If properly stored in a dry, cool place with temperature not more
than 25° C, ongtnal package can be kept for at least 11 months The
package should be carefully sealed again after partial amounts have
been WIthdrawn.
Packaging: 20 kg plastic bag

435
Chapter XI VITAMIN AD3

MICROVIT ADa SUPRA 1000-200 BAI No. VRI 03-1768

Company: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd
Manufacturer: ADISSEO France S.A.S
Distributor: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Composition: Per g Vitamins A (acetate) 1,000,000 IU, D3 ' 200,000 IU

Description: t-licrovit AD3 Supra 1000-200 is a stabilized source of vitamin A
acetate and vitamin D3' 1ficrodroplets of vitamin A and D 3 oil are
evenly distributed in a gelatin matrix with an antioxidant. 1licrovit
AD3 Supra 1000-200 is an orange/brown, free-flowing powder of
spherical beadlets. t-ficrovit AD3 Supra 1000-200 is exclusively used
in the manufacture of animal feed products.
Indication: For the prevention of vitamins A and D deficiencies in animals.
Dosage: Microvit AD3 Supra should be premixed first before use to ensure
optimum mixability.
Storage: Store in a cool dry place at temperature between 15-25°C, in a well-
closed container. Protect from light.
Packaging: 25-Kg bag

ROVIMIX® ADa 1000/200 BAI No. VRI 04-2074

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Sisseln, Switzerland

Composition: Each gram contains a minimum of 1,000,000 I.U Vitamin A and

200,000 IU Vitamin D3
Description: Rovimix® AD} 1000/200 consists of beige, light brown, grey to
bluish grey free-flowing particles (beadlets) . The beadlets contain
vitamin A acetate and Vitamin D3 fmel y dispersed in a cross-linked
matrix of gelatin, glycerine and carbohydrates and are coated with
calcium silicate and stabilized \Vith ethoxyguin. Product color can
vary to a certain extent because naturally derived ingredients are used.
Indications: Important for the development of skin and mucosa, in the synthesis
of the visual purple, in the reproduction process, in the immune
response mechanism & in growth of body. For Vitamin D 3, necessary
for proper calcium and phosphorus metabolism. For animal nutrition
(premixes and compound feeds).
Storage: Rovimix® AD3 1000/200 is sensitive to air, heat, light and humidity.
The product may be stored for 15 months from the date of
manufacture in the unopened original container and at a temperature
belo\:!': 15 "c.
Packaging: 20 kg bag
436
DeSCIiption of Some Nutritional Products VITAMIN AD3E

HYDROVIT AD3E 100-10-40 BAI No. VRI 02-1614

Company: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd
Manufacturer: ADISSEO France S.A.S
Distributor: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Composition. Per mL: Vitamins A (retinyl palmitate) 100,000 IU (min), D3

(cholecalciferol) 10,000 IU (min), E (dl-a-tocopheryl acetate) 40 IU
(min).
Description: Hydrovit i\D3E 100-10-40 is a hydrosol of vitamins A, D 3, and E
designed mainly as a vitamin supplement dissolved in the drinking
water of farm animals. The product is a yellow, slightly opalescent,
free-flowing liquid. This is a liquid preparation for today's modern
farm watering system where problem of solubility and nozzle
clogging are things of the past.
Indication: Prevention of vitamins A, D and E deficiencies in animals.
Dosage: Per 100 L of drinking water and for 3-5 days: Calves, Lambs, young
goats: 10 mL. Pigs, Rabbits, Poultry: 20 mL. Per animal per day for
3-5 days : Dairy Cows: 7.5 mL and Fattening Cattle: 1.5-2.5 mL.
Storage: Store in a cool dry place at temperature between 20-25°C, in a well-
closed container. Protect from light.
Packaging: 25-Kg drum

HYDROVIT AD3E 100-20-20 BAI No. VRI 02-1637

Company: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Manufacturer: ADISSEO France S.A.S
Distributor: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd
Composition: Per mL: Vitamins A (retinyl palmitate) 100,000 IU (min), D,
(cholecalciferol) 20,000 IU (min), E (dl-a-tocopheryl acetate) 20 IU
(min). It also contains antioxidants and emulsifying agents.
Description: Hydrovit AD,E 100-20-20 is a hydrosol of vitamins A, D" and E
designed mainly as a vitamin supplement dissolved in the drinking
water of farm animals. The product is a yellow, slightly opalescent,
free-flowing liquid .. This is a liquid preparation for today's modern
farm watering system where problem of solubility and nozzle
clogging are things of tl1e past.
Indication: Prevention of vitamins A, D and E deficiencies in animals.
Dosage: Per 100 L of drinking water and for 3-5 days : Calves, Lambs, young
goats: 10 mL. Pigs, Rabbits, Poultry: 20 mL. Per animal per day for
3-5 days: Dairy Cows: 7.5 mL and Fattening Cattle: 1.5-2.5 mL.
Packlging: 25-Kg drum

437
Chaptel" XI

FORMULAHP BAI No. VR110-3813

Company: NewGen Marketing Inc.
Manufacturer: Jefo Nutrition, Quebec, Canada
Distributor: NewGen Marketing Inc.

Composition: Vitamin A, D 3, E, sorbitol and Betaine

Description: The sorbitol and betaine are lipotropic factor that can increase the
metabolism of fatty acids and production of bile salts/acids in the
liver.
Indication: It is specially formulated to stimulate feed intake and liver functions
for stressed broiler and breeding sows. Administer to layers for the
prevention and treatment of fatty liver syndrome.
Dosage: In drinking water, Broiler: lml/lliter 2 to 3 days during the last
week of grow-out (28 to 35 days of age); Layers: for prevention of
fatty liver syndrome lml/lliter for 3 days/month, for treatment, 2
ml/l liter in four days; For sows: 15 to 20 ml/ sow / day on feed, 2
to 3 days prior to farrowing and during the first 3 to 4 days of
lactation.
Storage: Store in dry, cool place. Keep container well sealed after opening
Packaging: 1 liter container

VITAMIN D}

MICROVIT D3 PROMIX 500 BAI No. VRI 95-294

Company: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd
Manufacturer: ADISSEO France S.A.S
Distributor: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd.

Composition: Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) 500,000 IU/gm

Description: j\.Iicrovit D3 Promix 500 is a source of concentrated vitamin D;
which is spray-dried and protected by a coating and antioxidant. It is
a cream colored, free-flowing and mineral stable powder. J\[icrovit
D3 Promix 500 is exclusively used in the manufacture of animal feed
products.
Indication: Source of vitamin D for all types of animal feeds and premixes.
Dosage: j\[icrovit D3 Promix 500 should be premixed first before use to
ensure optimum mixability. Please refer to PHILSAN recommends
for the right level of supplementation of Vitamin D3 for each stage
of growth.
Storage: Store at 20-220C. Shelf-life: 24 months
Packaging: 25- Kg carton
438
DeJcnptiofi oj Some Nutritional ProductJ VITAMIN D J

SAl No. VRI 92-23

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: DSM Nutritional Products France SAS, Village-Neuf,
France

Composition: Each gram contains a minimum of 500,000 IU Vitamin D,

Description: Rovimix® D 3-500 is a brownish, fine, spray-dried powder of Vitamin
D3 finely dispersed in a matrix of plant protein and dextrin. The
Vitamin D J is stabilized with ethoxyquin. It is dispersible in water.
Indications: For prevention of Vitamin D deficiency; necessary for proper calcium
and phosphorus metabolism. For animal nutrition in premixes,
compound feeds, milk replacers and liquid diets
Storage: Rovimix® D 3-500 is sensitive to air, heat, light and humidity. The
product may be stored for 24 months from the date of manufacture
in the unopened original container and at a temperature below 15
0c.
Packaging: 20 kg bag

SAl No. VR103-1770

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: DSM Nutritional Products Inc., New Jersey, U.S.A.

Composition: Each gram has minimum 12.5 mg of 25-hydroxy vitamin Dy

Description: Rovimix® Hy D ® 1.25% is a brownish, fine, spray-dried powder of
25-hydroxy vitamin D3 finely dispersed in a matrix of modified
starch & dextrin. It is stabilized with ethoxyquin and sodium ascorbate.
Indications: For prevention of Vitamin D deficiency; necessary for proper calcium
and phosphorus metabolism. In broilers, to improve bone strength.
Fo r layers, to improve egg shell strength and increase egg shell
thickness. For broiler and layer breeder, to improve hatchability
For boars, to improve semen quality. For sows, to improve litter size
at birth and weaning.
Dosage: Add 5.52 g per ton of feed for broilers, layers & breeders. Add 4 g
per ton of feed for swine
Storage: Rovimix® Hy D® 1.25% is sensitive to air, heat, light and humidity.
The product may be stored for 12 months from the date of
manufacture in the unopened original container and at a temperature
below 15°C.
Packaging: 1 kg aluminum bag; 25 kg fiber drum

439
Chapter XI VITAMIN E

LUTAVIT E 50 BAI No. VR193-110

Company: BASF Philippines, Inc.
Manufacturer: BASF SE, Germany
Distributor: Carrington Trading, Inc.

Composition: At least 50% Vitamin E acetate adsorbed on colloidal silica

Description: Fine, white to yellowish, readily pourable powder with particle size
of at least 96% < 0.35mm and bulk density of about 0.45-0.60 g/
cm3 . It is insoluble in water
Indication: Lutavit E 50 is a feed vitamin supplement to prevent Vitamin E
deficiency. It is highly suitable for vitamin blends, premixes, mineral
and mixed feed.
Stor:;rge: If properly stored in a dry, cool place with temperature not more
than 25° C, original package can be kept for at least 24 months. The
package should be carefully sealed again after partial amounts have
been withdrawn. .
Packaging: 25 kg plastic bag

LUTAVIT E 50 S BAI No. VRI 00-1087

Company: BASF Philippines, Inc.
Manufacturer: BASF SE, Germany
Distributor: Carrington Trading, Inc.

Composition: At least 50% Vitamin E acetate finely dispersed in a matrix of milk

constituents and gelatine
Description: Fine, white to slightly yellow, free-flowing powder with particle size
of at least 97% < 0.6mm and bulk density of about 0.35 g/cm3 . It
is dispersible in cold water. The vitamin stability of this coated product
is better under stress conditions than the adsorbate .
Indication: Lutavit E 50 S is a feed vitamin supplement to prevent Vitamin E
deficiency. It is highly suitable for (1) feed mixtures having high
contents of choline chloride, trace elements and alkaline substances;
(2) water-dispersible multivitamin mixtures which are administered
directly via the drinking water and (3) milk replacers for piglets,
calves and other animals
Storage: If properly stored in a dry, cool place with temperature not more
than 25° C, original package can be kept for at least 24 months. The
package should be carefully sealed again after partial amounts have
been withdrawn.
Packaging: 25 kg bag in a box

440
Description oj Some NutritionaL Products VITAMIN E

MICROVIT E PROMIX 50 BAI No. VRI 95-296

Company: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Manufacturer: ADISSEO France S.A.S
Distributor: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Composition: Vitamin E (dl-a-tocopheryl-acetate), 500 IU I gm

Description: :t-,Gcrovit E Promix 50 is a white cream to beige colored and fine-
flowing powder. :t-,Gcrovit E Promix 50 consists of pure vitamin E
oil (dl-alpha toco-pheryl acetate) adsorbed on to an expanded silica
carrier. This product is exclusively used in the manufacture of animal
feed products.
Indicatiop: Source of vitamin E for all types of animal feeds and premixes.
Dosage: 1ficrovit D3 Promix 500 should be premixed first before use to
ensure optimum mixability in feeds . Please refer to PHILSAN
recommends for the right level of supplementation of Vitamin E
for each stage of growth.
Storage: Store at 20-220C. Shelf-life: 24 months
Packaging: 25-Kg bag

ROVIMIX® E 50 SO BAI No. VRI 02-1586

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: DSM Nutritional Products France SAS, Village-Neuf,
France

Composition: Each gram contains a minimum of 500 mg dl-a -tocopheryl acetate

Description: Rovimix® E 50 SD is a free-flowing, brownish, spray-dried powder
consisting of dl-a -tocopheryl acetate finely dispersed in a matrix of
lignosulfonate and coated with small amounts of silicon dioxide. It
is dispersible in water.
Indications: For prevention of vitamin E deficiency; necessary to stabilize
unsaturated fatty acids by inhibiting the formation of toxic
lipoperoxides. For animal nutrition in milk replacers and liquid diets
and where stability may be critical, i.e. aggressive premixes (PH >
10) and canned pet food
Storage: Rovimix® E 50 SD is fairly stable to air but somewhat sensitive to
light and humidity. The product may be stored for at least 24 months
from the date of manufacture in the unopened original container
and at a temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 20 kg bag

441
Chapter XI VITAMIN E

ROVIMIX® E-50 ADSORBATE BAI No. VRI 92-24

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Sisseln, Switzerland

Composition: Each gram contains a minimum of 500 mg dl-a -tocopheryl acetate

Description: Rovimix® E-50 A.dsorbate is a free-flowing, white to yellowish, coarse
granular powder consisting of dl-a-tocopheryl acetate adsorbed on
silicon dioxide. It is insoluble in water.
Indications: For prevention of vitamin E deficiency; neces sary to stabilize
unsaturated fatty acids by inhibiting the formation of toxic
lipoperoxides. For animal nutrition in premixes and compound feeds
Storage: Rovimix® E-50 i\dsorbate is fairly stable to air but somewhat sensitive
to light and humidity. The product may be stored for at least 48
months from the date of manufacture in the unopened original
container and at a temperature below 25 o(
Packaging: 25 kg bag

VITAMIN I\;

K3 STAB FEED GRADE BAI No. VRI 08-2819

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: Dirox S.A., San Jose, Uruguay

Composition: Contains a minimum of 43% menadione (as is) and 30.5%

nicotinamide (as is)
Description: K, Stab Feed Grade is a white to brownish powder and sparingly
soluble in water (approx. 1.3 g/100 ml)
Indication: Maintenance of the function of the blood coagulation system.
Storage: K3 Stab Feed Grade is somewhat sensitive to heat, light and humidity.
The product may be stored for at leas t 36 months from the date of
manufacture in the unopened original container and at a temperature
below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg carton box

442
Descnption of Some Nutritional Products VITAMIN ~

MICROVIT K3 PROMIX MNB 96% BAI No. VRI 04-2260

Company: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Manufacturer: ADISSEO France S.A.S
Distributor: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Composition: Vitamin K3 (Menadione) 43.7%, vitamin B3 (Niacin) 31 %

Description: l\·ficrovit™ K3 Promix l\INB 96% is presentation of stabilized
vitamin K3. Microvit™ K3 Promix MNB 96% is a white to cream-
colored fine powder. This product provides both l\Ienadione (43.7%
min) and vitamin B3 in the form of nicotinamide (about 31%). The
MNB form is more s table than the l\ISB form (menadione sodium
bisulfite), and is particulary recommended for aggressive premixes
and peIleted feeds. It is exclusively used in the manufacture of animal
feed products.
Indication: For the prevention of Vitamin I< and niacin deficiencies in poultry
and swine.
Dosage: 1,Lcrovit 1<3 Promix l\INB 96% should be premixed first before
use to ensure optimum mixabi1ity in feeds. Please refer to PHILSAN
recommends for the right level of supplementation of Vitamin K3
for each stage of growth.
Storage: Store at 20-22°C. Shelf-life: 24 months
Packaging: 25-Kg bag

ROVIMIX® ~ MNB BAI No. VRI 08-3372

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: Brother Enterprises Holding Co. Ltd., Zheijang, China

Composition: Contains a minimum of 43% menadione (as is) and 30.5%

nicotinamide (as is)
Description: Rovimix® K3 MN B is a white to brownish powder and sparingly
soluble in water (approx. 1.3 g/100 ml)
Indication: Maintenance of the function of the blood coagulation system.
Storage: Rovimix®I<} MNB is somewhat sensitive to heat, light and humidity.
The product may be stored for at least 36 months from the date of
manufacture in the unopened original container and at a temperature
below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg carton box

443
Chapter XI VITAMIN B j

MICROVIT B1 PROMIX BAI No. VRI 95-304

Company: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Manufacturer: ADISSEO France S.A.S
Distributor: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Composition: Thiamine mononitrate (98% to 102%)

Description: Microvit B1 Promix Thiamine Mono is a free-flowing white to cream
powder. The presentation of ~[jcrovit B1 Promix Thiamine Mono
has been studied to facilitate its use in premix facilities, particular in
storage, handling and dosing operations. It is exclusively used in the
manufacture of animal feed products.
Indication: Source of vi tamin B J (thiamine) for all types of animal feed premixes
and liquid feeds (milk replacer, soluble powder for drinking water
preparation, etc.).
Dosage: ;\(icrovit Bl Promix should be premixed first before use to ensure
optimum mixability. Please refer to PHILSAN recommends for the
right level of supplementation of Vitamin BJ for each stage of growth
Storage: Store at 20-220C. Shelf-life: 48 months
Packaging: 25-Kg carton

ROVIMIX® B1 BAI No. VRI 92-27

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: DSM Nutritional Products GmbH, Grenzach-Wyhlen,
Germany

Composition: Contains 98% thiamine mononitrate (on dry material)

Description: Rovimix® B j is a white to yellowish fme granular powder of pure
thiamine mononitrate. It is sparingly soluble in water, and slightly
soluble in alcohol and methanol.
Indications: For prevention of Vitamin Bl deficiency; necessary for normal
carbohydrate metabolism. For animal nutrition in premixes and
compound feeds.
Storage: Rovimix® Bl is fairly stable to air if protected from light. The product
may be stored for at least 36 months from the date of manufacture
in the unopened original container and at a temperature below 25
dc.
Packaging: 25 kg carton box

444
Dmription oj S ome Nutritional Products VITAMIN B2

LUTAVIT B2 SG 80 BAI No. VRI 04-2257

Company: BASF Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: BASF Company Ltd, Korea
Distributor: Carrington Trading, Inc.

Composition: At least 80% Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

Description: Orange - yellow, fine, free -flowing granules of characteristic odor
with particle size of at least 95% < 0.35mm and bulk density of
about O.5g/ cm 3. It is dispersible in cold water but does not give a
homogeneous dispersion. It is a spray granulated product that hardly
forms any dust and has outstanding flow properties.
Indication: Lutavit B2 SG 80 is a feed vitamin supplement to prevent Vitamin
B2 deficiency. It is highly suitable for vitamin blends, premixes, mineral
and mixed feed .
Storage: If properly stored in a dry, cool place with temperature not more
than 25° C, original package can be kept for at least 36 months. The
package should be carefully sealed again after partial amounts have
been withdrawn ..
Packaging: 25 kg PE bag

MICROVIT B2 SUPRA 80 BAI No. VRI 95-305

Company: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Manufacturer: ADISSEO France S.A.S
Distributor: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Composition: Vitamin B2 (riboflavin); 800,000mg/kg (80%)

Description: l\licrovit™ B2 Supra 80 is a yellow-o range powder of round,
regularly-shaped beadlets, obtained through the granu-Iation of 80%
vitamin B2 m icro-particles. t-.licrovitl'M B2 Supra 80 is easy to use in
premix plants during storage, handling and dosage operations and
helps enhance the quality of premix. It is exclusively used in the
manufacture of animal feed products.
Indication: Source o f vitamin B2 for all types of animal feed premixes and
liquid fe eds (milk replacer, soluble powder for drinking water
preparation, etc).
Dosage: Microvit B2 Supra 80 should be premixed first before use to ensure
optimum mixability.
Storage: Store at 20-22oC. Shelf-life: 24 months
Packaging: 20-Kg bag

445
Chapter XI VITAMIN B2

ROVIMIX® B2 80-SD BAI No. VRI 01-1229

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: DSM Nutritional Products GmbH, Germany

Composition: Contains a minimum of 80% riboflavin (as is)

Description: Rovimix® B2 80-SD is a free-flowing, orange-brown to yellow-brown
spray-dried powder consisting of riboflavin (vitamin BJ finely
dispersed in a matrix of dextrin. The riboflavin is produced by
fermentation using genetically modified microorganism. The
riboflavin is purifed and free of detectable DNA. The product is
slightly soluble in water.
Indications: For the prevention of riboflavin deficiency; necessary for general
metabolism of carboilydrates, fatty acids and amino acids. For animal
nutrition in premixes and compound feeds
Storage: Rovimix® B2 80-SD is fairly stable to air if protected from light.
The product may be stored for at least 36 months from the date of
manufacture in the unopened original container and at a temperature
below 25°C.
Packaging: 20 kg bag

VITAMIN B6

MICROVIT B6 PROMIX (PYRIDOXINE) BAI No. VRI-95-306

Company: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Manufacturer: ADISSEO France S.A.S (Adisseo)
Composition: Pyridoxine HCl 99% min
Description: l\ficrovit Bo Promix (pyridoxine) is a crystalline, fine, free-flowing
white to cream powder. The presentation has been studied to facilitate
its use in premix facilities, particular in storage, handling and dosing
operations. It is exclusively used in the manufacture of animal feed
products.
Indication: Source of vitamin Bo for all types of animal feed premixes and
liquid feeds (milk replacer, soluble powder for drinking water
preparation, etc.).
Dosage: 1\[icrovit Bo Promix should be premixed first before use to ensure
optimwn mixability. Please refer to PHILSAN recommends for the
right level of supplementation of Vitamin Bo for each stage of growth.
Storage: Store at 20-220C. Shelf-life: 24 months
Packaging: 25- Kg carton

446
Desmption 0/ Some Nutritional Products VITAMIN B6

ROVIMIX®B s BAI No. VRI 08-3276

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: DSM Nutritional Products GmbH, Germany

Composition: Contains minimum of 99 % pyridoxine hydrochloride (on dry

material)
Description: Rovimix® B6 is a white to yellowish fme granular powder of pure
pyridoxine hydrochloride. It is freely soluble in water.
Indications: For prevention of Vitamin B6 deficiency; necessary for the metabolism
of carbohydrates and amino acids, For animal nutrition in premixes,
compound feeds, milk replacers and liquid diets.
Storage: Rovimix® B6 is fairly stable to air and heat if protected from humidity.
The product may be stored for at least 36 months from the date of
manufacture in the unopened original container and at a temperature
below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg carton box

VITAMIN Bu

MICROVIT B12 PROM IX 10000 BAI No. VRI 95-301

Company: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Manufacturer: ADISSEO France S.A.S (Adisseo)
Distributor: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Composition: Vitamin Bl2 (cyanocobalamin) 9,000-11,000 mg/kg (1%)

Description: Ivlicrovit Bl2 Promix 10000 is a source of vitamin Bu' The product
combines vitamin Bl2 with non-soluble calcium carbonate and silica
carriers for excellent mixability and handling characteristics. It is
exclusively used in the manufacture of animal feed products.
Indication: For the prevention of Vitamin B12 deficiency in animals.
Dosage: i\ficrovit Bu Promix 10000 should be premixed first before use to
ensure optimum mixability. Please refer to PHILSAN reconunends
for the right level of supplementation of Vitamin BIZ for each stage
of growth .
Storage: Store at 20-22°C. Shelf-life: 24 months
Packaging: 25-Kg carton

447
Chapter XI VITAMIN Bl2

VITAMIN B12 1% FEED GRADE BAI No. VRI 92-38

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: DSM Nutritional Products France SAS, Village-Neuf,
France

Composition: E ach gram contains 9 - 11 mg Vitamin Bl2

Description: Vitamin BIZ 1% Feed Grade is a fine, reddish-brown powder. It
consists of a high potency Vitamin Bl2 concentrate standardize with
limestone to an activity of 10 g per kg. The vitamin Bl2 is produced
by fermentation using genetically modified microorganism.
Indications: For prevention of vitamin B12 deficiency; necess ary fo r the
biosynthesis of nucleic acids. For animal nutrition in premixes and
compound feeds
Storage: Vitamin BIZ 1% Feed Grade is fairly stable to air and humidity, but
is somewhat sensitive to light. The product may be stored for 24
months from the date of manufacture in the unopened original
container and at a temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 5 kg bag

VITAMIN: BIOTIN

MICROVIT H PROMIX 2% BAI No. VRI 95-299

Company: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd .

Manufacturer: ADISSEO France S.A.S
Distributor: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Composition: D-Biotin 2% (20,000mg/kg)

Description: l\[icrovit H Promix Biotin 2 % is a source of diluted D -biotin. It is
a white to cream white, very fine, free-flowing powder. The product
has been designed to optimize the number of active particles of
biotin while providing a free - flowing powder with excellent
mixability. It is exclusively used in the manu-facture of animal feed
products.
Indication: For the prevention of biotin deficiency in animals.
Dosage: l\[icrovit H Promix 2% should be premixed first to ensure optimum
mixability in feed s. Please refer to PHILSAN recommends for the
right level of supplementation of Vitamin H for each stage of growth.
Storage: Store at 20-22°C. Shelf-life: 12 months
Packaging: 25-Kg bag

448
DwTiptiOil of Some Nlltritional Prodtlds VITAMIN: BIOTIN

ROVIMIX® BIOTIN HP BAI No. VRI 08-3167

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: DSM Nutritional Products France SAS, Village-Neuf,
France

Composition: Contains a minimum of 10% D-biotin (as is) .

Description: Rovimix® Biotin HP is a free-flowing, off-white to slightly yellowish,
spray-dried powder consisting ofD-biotin fmely dispersed in a matrix
of dextrin. Sorbic acid is added as a preservative. It has 40 million
particles/g. It is soluble in water.
Indications: For biotin deficient animals, encrustations (dry scaly skin), atrophy
of the muscle and malformation of embryonic skeleton. For animal
nutrition in premixes, compound feeds, milk replacers and liquid
diets
Storage: Rovimix® Biotin HP is fairly stable to air but slightly sensitive to light
and high humidity. The product may be stored for at least 36 months
from the date of manufacture in the unopened original container
and at a temperature below 25°C
Packaging: 20 kg bag

VITAMIN: FOLIC ACID

MICROVIT B9 PROMIX (FOLIC ACID) BAI No. VRI 95-307

Company: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Manufacturer: ADISSEO France S.A.S
Distributor: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Composition: Folic acid (9 5%)

Description: Microvit B9 Promix Folic Acid is a pure folic acid powder that
complies \V / US pharmacopoeia (USP) requirements. It is exclusively
used in the manufacture of animal feed products.
Indication: For the prevention of folic acid deficiency in animals.
Dosage: I\Iicrovit B9 Promix (Folic Acid) should be premixed first to ensure
optimum mixability. Please refer to PHILSAN recommends for the
right level of supplementation of Vitamin B9 for each stage of
growth.
Storage: Store at 20-22°C. Shelf-life: 36 months
Packaging: 25-Kg drums

449
Chapter XI VITAMIN: FOLIC ACID

ROVIMIX® FOLIC 80 SO BAI No. VRI 92-35

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: DSM Nutritional Products France SAS, Village-Neuf,
France

Composition: Contains a minimum of 80% Folic Acid (as is)

Description: Rovimix® Folic 80 SD is a free-flowing, yellowish to brownish
spray-dried powder cons is ting of folic acid finely dispersed in a
matrix of dextrin.
Indications: For folic acid deficient animals (disordered fertility and lactation,
perosis, anemia, cervical paralysis and retarded growth). For animal
nutrition in premixes and compound feeds.
Storage: Rovimix® Folic 80 SD is fairly stable to air if protected from light
and humidity. The product may be stored for at least 36 months
from the date of manufacture in the unopened original container
and at a temperap.tre below 25°C.
Packaging: 20 kg bag

VITAMIN: NIACIN

MICROVIT B3 PROMIX (NIACIN) BAI No. VRI 95-303

Company: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Manufacturer: ADISSEO France S.A.S
Distributor: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Composition: Nicotinic acid (99.5%)

Description: 11icrovit B3 Promix is a crystal-line, free-flowing, creamy-white
powder. The presentation of }.{icrovit B3 Promix has been studied
to facilitate its use in premix facilities, particular in storage, handling
and dosing operations. It is exclusively used in the manufacture of
feed products.
Indication: For the prevention of nicotinic acid deficiency in animals.
Dosage: Microvit B3 Promix 99 should be premixed first to ensure optimum
mixability. Please refer to PHILSA.N recommends for the right level
of supplementation of Vitamin B3 for each stage of growth.
Storage: Store at 20-22°C. Shelf-life: 36 months
Packaging: 25-Kg bag

450
Demiption of Some Nutritional Products VITAMIN: NIACIN

ROVIMIX® NIACIN BAI No. VRI 92-37

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Sisseln, Switzerland

Composition: Contains a minimum of 99.5% Niacin (dried)

Description: Rovimix® Niacin is a white to slightly yellowish free-flowing fme
granular powder. It is sparingly soluble in water (approximately 1.5
g per 100 ml).
Indications: Prevention of nicotinic acid deficiency; necessary for the degradation
and synthesis of fatty acids, carbohydrates and amino acids. For
animal nutrition in premixes and compound feeds
Storage: Rovimix® Niacin is practically stable to air and heat, but may be
affected by light and humidity. The product may be stored for 36
months from the date of manufacture in the unopened original
container and at a temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

VITAMIN: PANTOTHENIC ACID

LUTAVIT CALPAN BAI No. VR193-116

Company: BASF Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: BASF SE, Germany
Distributor: Carrington Trading, Inc.

Composition. ""'t least 98% Calcium d-pantothenate

Description: Fine, white crystalline powder with particle size of at least
97%<0.5mm and bulk density of about 0.6 g/ cm] It is readily
soluble in water. It is highly stable to the effects of atmospheric
o>.."ygen and light.
Indication: Lutavit Calpan is a feed vitamin supplement to prevent pantothenic
acid deficiency. It is highly suitable for vitamin blends, premixes,
mineral and mixed feed, and water-dispersible vitamin mixtures.
Storage: If properly stored in a dry, cool place with temperature not more
than 25° C, original package can be kept for at least 36 months. The
package should be carefully sealed again after partial amounts have
been withdrawn.
Packaging: 25 kg PE bag

451
Chapter XI VITAMIN: PANTOTHENIC ACID

MICROVIT B5 PROMIX CALPAN BAI No. VRI-95-308

Company: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Manufacturer: ADISSEO France S.A.S
Distributor: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Composition: D-calcium pantothenate (98%)

Description: 11icrovit B5 Promix (D-Calpan) is d-calcium pantothenate powder
(calcium salt of dextrorotatory panto-thenic acid). It is a
microgranulated free-flowing white powder. The presentation of
l\.ficrovit B5 Promix (D-Calpan) has been studied to facilitate its use
in premix plants during storage, handling and dosage operations.
Indication: For the prevention of pantothenic acid deficiency in animals.
Dosage: Microvit B35 Promix (D-Calpan) should be premixed first to ensure
optimum mixability. Please refer to PHILSAN recommends for the
right level of supplementation of Vitamin B5 for each stage of
growth .
Storage: Store at 20-22°C. Shelf-life: 36 months
Packaging: 25- Kg carton

ROVIMIX® CALPAN BAI No. VRI 92-33

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: DSM Nutritional Products (UK) Ltd., Scotland, U.K

Composition: Contains a minimum of 98% calcium D-pantothenate (on dry

materials)
Description: Rovimix® Calpan is a white to off-white free-flowing spry-dried
powder consisting of calcium D-pantothenate. It is freely soluble in
water, slightly soluble in alcohol and practically insoluble in ether.
Indications: For prevention of pantothenic acid deficiency; important component
of coenzyme A necessary for the degradation of fats, carbohydrates
and amino acids and biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids. For
animal nutrition in premixes, compound feeds, milk replacers and
liquid diets.
Storage: Rovimix® Calp<ill is fairly stable to air and light if protected from
humidity and heat. The product may be stored for at least 36 months
from the date of manufacture in the unopened original container
and at a temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg carton box

452
DeJC1iption of Some Nutritional Products VITAMIN C

ROVIMIX® C-EC BAI No. VR192-31

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.
Manufacturer: DSM Nutritional Products (UK) Ltd., Scotland, U.K
Composition: Contains a minimum of 97.5% ascorbic acid (on dry material)
Description: Rovimix® C-EC is a white to slightly yellowish powder, consisting
of ascorbic acid coated with ethyl cellulose.
Indications: For the prevention of ascorbic acid deficiency (scurvy); necessary
for the formation and maintenance of connective tissues, bones,
cartilages; exert a stimulant action on the defensive mechanism of
the body. For animal nutrition in premixes and in mash and mildly
pelleted compound feeds for land-based animals
Storage: Rovimix® C-EC is fairly stable to air if protected from humidity,
but is somewhat sensitive to heat. The product may be stored for at
least 24 months from the date of manufacture in the unopened
original container and at a temperature below 25°C.
Packaging; 25 kg carton box

ROVIMIX® STAY-C® 35 BAI No. 98-731

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.
Manufacturer: DSM Nutritional Products France SAS, Village-Neuf,
France
Composition: Contains a minimum of 35% total phosphorylated ascorbic acid
activity.
Description: Rovimix® Stay-C® 35 is a beige, spray-dried powder consisting of a
stabilized (phosphorylated) Na/Ca salt of L-ascorbic aCid.
Esterification of ascorbic acid at position 2 protects vitamin C from
destruction by oxidation . It contains primarily the monophosphate
ester of L-ascorbic acid, with very small quantities of diphosphate
ester and traces of triphosphate ester. The product is practically
insoluble in water.
Indications: For the prevention of ascorbic acid deficiency (scurvy); necessary
for the formation and maintenance of connective tissues, bones,
cartilages; exert a stimulant action on the defensive mechanism of
the body. For animal nutrition in premixes and compound feeds
where stability may be critical, e.g. in expanded, extruded or
aggressively pelle ted feeds
Storage: Rovimix® Stay-C® 35 is fairly stable to air if protected from humidity
and heat. The product may be stored for at least 18 months from
the date of manufacture in the unopened original container and at a
temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

453
Chapter XI VITAMIN-AMINO ACID PREMIX

ROVIMIX® 328W SAl No. VRI 10-3909

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: DSM Vitamins (Shanghai) Ltd., Shanghai, China

Composition: Each kg of Rovimix® 328W contains: Vir. 11. - 30,000,000 IU; Vir.
D3 - 6,000,000 IU; Vir. E - 30,000 mg; Vir. K3 - 2,000 mg; '"Tit. B J
- 2,000 mg; Vir. Hz - 5,000 mg; Vit. B6 - 2,000 mg; Vir. BI2 -12 mg;
Niacin - 35,000 mg; Pantothenic acid -13,500 mg; Biotin - 30 mg;
Folic acid - 500 mg; Vitamin C - 100,000 mg; Lysine - 50,000 mg;
Methionine - 50,000 mg.
Description: Rovimix® 328W is a light yellow powder for application in drinking
water or mixed feed
Indications: For the prevention and treatment of vitamin and amino acid
deficiencies. It is recommended during period of stress or disease
outbreaks.
Dosage: Add 1 gram of premix per gallon of drinking water for continuous
low level supplementation. Add 2 grams per gallon of drinking
water during period of stress or disease outbreaks. In feed, add 500
to 1,000 grams per ton of feed
Storage: Rovimix® 328W may be stored for at least 12 months from the date
of manufacture in the unopened original container and at a
temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 250 g aluminum foil bag

VITAMIN-AMINO ACID-MINERAL PREMIX

VITALLIN SAl No. VRM 00-463

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Manufacturer: AgriSpecialist, Inc.
Composition: Vitamins, minerals, amino acid .
Description Vitallin is a vitamin, amino acid and mineral feed additive for poultry
and swine.
Indication: Improves animal production performance through in-feed
micronutrient supplementation.
Dosage: Swine: Pre-starter, Starter, Breeder: 45 kg/ton of feed
Grower, Fattener: 2.25 kg/ton of feed
Poultry: Chick, Broiler, Growers and Layers: 2.25 kg/ton of feed
Breeder : 45 kg/ ton of feed
Storage: Store in a cool dry place
Packaging: 18 kg bag
454
Description of Some Nlltntionai Produds VITAMIN-ANTIBIOTICS PREMIX

ARN PROTECTOR PLUS BFAD No. VR - 3054

Company: Bayer Animal Health

Manufacturer: Bayer Animal Health
Distributor: Available nationwide at any authorized Bayer distributor

Composition: 1\ [ul tivitamins plus an tibiotics

Description: A water-soluble whitish powder containing antibiotic combination
of Acetyl-isovalerate tylosin tartrate and CTC with vitamins A, C
and B12.
Indica tions: As drinking water supplement of poultry and swine to prevent
respiratory and enteric diseases
Swiru:.;, Swine Enzootic Pneumonia; Ileitis (porcine Proliferative
Enteropathy); Swine Dysentery; Colitis
E.~ Mycoplasmosis; Necrotic Enteritis; Wet Litter Syndrome;
Cholangiohepatitis
Dosage: Preventive: 1 kg/lOOO liters of drinking water
Treatment: 1 kg/SOO liters of drinking water
Withdrawal period: 2 days
Packaging: 2 kilos in plastic canister

VITAMIN-ELECTROLYTES-ORGANIC ACID PREMIX

ARN ANTISTRESS PLUS BFAD No. VR - 3053

Company: Bayer Animal Health

Manufacturer: Bayer Animal Health
Distributor: Available nationwide at any authorized Bayer distributor

Composition: J\[ultivitamins with electrolytes and organic acid

Descritpion: :\ water-soluble yellowish powder containing vitamins, electrolytes
and organic acid
Indication: As drinking water supplement of poultry and swine during stressful
conditions like weaning, farrowing, vaccination and change in weather
conditions.
Dosage: During stressful conditions: 200 g/SOO liters of drinking water
For regular use: 200 g/lOOO liters of drinking water
Packaging: 2 kilos in plastic canister

455
Chapter XI VITAMIN PREMIX

BAYMIX CONCENTRATE BAINo. VRM05-1111

Company: Bayer Animal Health

Manufacturer: Bayer Animal Health
Distributor: Available nationwide at any authorized Bayer distributor

CompfJsition: Concentrated levels of vitamins

Description: A vitamin concentrate formulated for today's modern poultry and
swine breeds. It has complete, balance and adequate levels of vitamins
needed to optimize their genetic potential.
Indication: To prevent vitamin deficiencies in poultry and swine; to improve
growth and lean deposition in growing animals; to improve
reproductive performance of sows and boars; to increase egg
production of layers; to improve feed efficiency of pigs and broilers.

Dosage: Swine: Young Pigs - 250 - 280 grams

Starting / growing pigs - 200 - 220 grams
Finishing pigs - 160 - 180 grams
Sows and boars - 250 - 300 grams
Poultry: Chicks, broiler starters, layers - 200 grams
Broiler fmishers / pullets - 160 grams
Packaging: 25 kilos in laminated kraft bag

MICROVIT BLEND BAI No. VRI 97-640

Company: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd.

Manufacturer: Better Pharma Co. Ltd. Bangkok, Thailand
Distributor: ADISSEO Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd

Composition: Per kg: ?vficrovit A Supra 1000 96,000,000 IU, Microvit 03

Promix 500 16,000,000 IU, 1.ficrovit E Promix 50 95,000 IU,
Microvit K3 Promix 1'{NB 96% 13,000 mg, Microvit B1 Promix
9,000 mg, 1ficrovit B2 Supra 80 30,000 mg, Microvit B6 Promix
25,000 mg, Microvit B12 Promix 1% 160 mg, Microvit H 2000
600 mg, Microvit B5 Promix 65,000 mg, Microvit B9 Supra 100
3,000 mg, Microvit B3 Promix 142,000 mg.
Indication: For the prevention of vitamin deficiencies in animals.
Dosage: Poultry /Swine: To be included in the feeds at all stages: 200 to 300
g/ton feed .
Storage: Store in a cool dry place at temperature between 15-25°C, in a well-
closed container. Protect from light.
Packaging: 25-Kg bag

456
Description of Some Nutritional Products VITAMIN PREMIX

NUEVO POULTRY VITAMIN CONCENTRATE BAI No. VRI 02-1395

Company: Nuevo Milenio, Inc.

Manufacturer. Lienert Australia Pty Ltd
Distributor. Nuevo Milenio, Inc.

Composition: Vitamins, anti-oxidant and selected carrier

Description: Nuevo Poultry Vitamin Concentrate is a yellow to orange free-flowing
powder
Indication: Supply daily vitamin requirements of poultry for improved
production and feed efficiency. It also aids in faster recovery from
disease and other forms of stress.
Dosage: 150 to 300 g/ton of feed
Storage: Store in a dry, cool place in the original sealed packaging
Packaging Plastic pail 20 kg.

NUEVO SWINE VITAMIN CONCENTRATE BAI No. VRI 02-1396

Company: Nuevo Milenio, Inc.

Manu13cturer. Lienert Australia Pty Ltd
Distributor. Nuevo Milenio, Inc.

Composition: Vitamins, anti-oxidant and selected carrier

Description: Nuevo Swine Vitamin Concentrate is a yellow to orange free-flowing
powder to grit
Indication: Supply daily vitamin requirements of swine for improved production
and feed efficiency. It also aids in faster recovery from disease and
other forms of stress.
Dosage: 150 to 300 g/ton of feed
Storage: Store in a dry, cool place in the original sealed packaging
Packaging Plastic pail 20 kg.

457
Chapter XI VITAMIN PREMIX

ROSIGOLD® -p BAI No. VRI 98-826

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: Rovithai Limited, Chonburi, Thailand

Composition: Each kg of Rosigold®- P contains: Vit. £\ - 55,000,000 lU; Vit. Do

-12,500,0001U; Vit. E - 150,000 mg; Vit. ](3 - 10,000 mg; Vit. Bl
- 10,000 mg; Vit. Bz - 30,000 mg; Vit. B6 - 20,000 mg; Vito BIZ -
125 mg; N iacin - 200,000 mg; Pantothenic acid - 60,000 mg; Biotin
- 750 mg; Folic acid - 5,000 mg.
Description: Rosigold® - P is a brown, fine, free-flowing vitamin concentrate for
all classes of poultry.
Indications: For animal nutrition in compound feeds; ensures the appropriate
animals species are supplemented with vitamin levels necessary for
productivity expectations .
Dosage: Recommended inclusion level per ton of feed: 200 to 250 g for
broiler/chick starter; 175 to 200 g for layer; 150 to 175 g for broiler
finisher, chick grower and pullet developer.
Storage: Shelf-life is at least 12 months from the date of manufacture in the
unopened original container and at a temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 20 kg opaque polyethylene bag in cardboard box

ROSIGOLO®-S BAI No. VR198-825

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.
Man lIfa ctllrer: Rovithai Limited, Chonburi, Thailand

Composition: Each kg of Rosigold®- S contains: Vit. L-\ - 50,000,000 1U; Vit. Do

- 9,000,000 1U; Vit. E - 200,000 mg; Vit. I~ - 9,000 mg; Vit. Bl -
9,000 mg; Vit. Bz - 22,000 mg; Vit. B6 - 14,000 mg; Vit. BIZ - 100
mg; Niacin - 150,000 mg; Pantothenic acid - 70,000 mg; Biotin-
1,000 mg; Folic acid - 10,000 mg.
Description: Rosigold® - S is a brown, fine, free-flowing vitamin concentrate for
all classes of swine.
Indications: For animal nutrition in compound feeds; ensures the appropriate
animals species are supplemented with vitamin levels necessary for
productivity expectations.
Dosage: Recommended inclusion level per ton of feed: 250 to 300 g for
breeder & pre-starter; 200 to 250 g for starter; 175 to 200 g for
grower; 125 to 175 g for finisher.
Storage: Shelf-l ife is at leas t 12 month s from the date of manufacture in the
unopened original container and at a temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 20 kg opaque polyethylene bag in cardboard box

458
Dmriptioll 0/ Some NtltritiOilaf Products VITAMIN PREMIX

ROSIGOLD® WSP BAI No. VRI 03 -1772

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.
Manufacturer: DSM Vitamins (Shanghai) Ltd., Shanghai, China
Composition: Each kg of Rosigold® WSP con tains: Vito A. - 30,000,000 IU; Vit.
D j - 6,000,000 IU; VitoE - 30,000 mg; Vit. r-..:.} - 2,000 mg; Vit. BI
- 2,000 mg; Vit. B2 - 5,000 mg; Vit. B6 - 2,000 mg; Vito B12 -12 mg;
Niacin - 35,000 mg; Pantothenic acid - 13,500 mg; Biotin - 30 mg;
Folic acid - 500 mg; Vitamin C - 100,000 mg.
Description: Rosigold® WSP is a light yellow powder for application in drinking
water.
Indications: For the prevention and treatment of vitamin and amin o ac id
deficiencies in poultry. It is recommended during period of stress
or disease outbreaks.
Dosage: _-\dd 1 gram of premix per gallon of drinking water for continuous
low level su pplementatio n. Add 2 grams per gallon of drinking
water during period of stress or disease outbreaks.
Storage: Shel f-life is at least 12 months from the date of manu f:lCttJ r p in the
un opened original container and at a temperature bel ow 25°C.
Packaging: 250 g aluminum fo il bag

ROVIMIX® 2010 BAI No. VRI 09-3734

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines, Inc.
Manufacturer: Rovithai Limited, Chonburi, Thailand
Composition: Per kg of Rovimix® 2010 contains: Vito A, 1,500,000 1.U.; \"ir. D 3,
500,000 r.u,; Vir. F, 40,000 mg; Vi t. K y 4,000 mg; Vito C,40,000
mg; Vit. B I, 2,000 mg; Vi t. B2, 6,000 mg; \ "it. B6, 3,000 mg ; \\1 B'2'
10 mg; N iacin, 12,000 mg; Pantothenic acid, 12,000 mg; [<die acid,
1,500 mg; Biotin, 200 mg; Copper, 2,000 mg; Iron, 20,0()() mg;
Manganese, 6,000 mg; Cobalt, 25 mg; Iodine, 500 mg; Zinc, 20,000
mg; Selenium, 50 mg.
Description: Rovimix® 2010 is brown, fme free flowing po\vder. It is a vitamin
and mineral premix for use in fish feeds
Indication: To provide vitamins and minerals to prevent deftciencv symptoms
and to support growth in warm-water fish cultured in fresh o r sea
water under ex tensive farming cond itions
Dosage: "-\dd 1,000 g per ton o f feed
Storage: Rm-imix·) 2010 mav be sto red for at least 12 months from the date
ot- manufacture i~ the unopened original con ta in er and at a
temperature below 25°c'
Packaging: 25 kg bag

459
Cbapter XI VITAMIN PREMIX

ROSIGOLD® -p BAI No. VRI 98-826

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: Rovithai Limited, Chonburi, Thailand

Composition: Each kg of Rosigo\d® - P contains: Vir. j\ - 55,000,000 IU; Vir. D J

-12,500,000 IU ; Vir. E -150,000 mg; Vir. 1(,- 10,000 mg; Vir. BI
- 10,000 mg; Vir. Bz - 30,000 mg; Vir. BG - 20,000 mg; Vito BI2 -
125 mg; Niacin - 200,000 mg; Pantothenic acid - 60,000 mg; Biotin
- 750 mg; Folic acid - 5,000 mg.
Description: Ros igold®- P is a brown, fme, free-flowing vitamin concentrate for
all clas ses of poultry.
Indications: For animal nurrition in compound feeds; ensures the appropriate
animals species are supplemented with vitamin levels necessary for
productivity expectations.
Dosage: Recommended inclusion level per ton of feed: 200 to 250 g for
broiler/chick starter; 175 to 200 g for layer; 150 to 175 g for broi.ler
fini sher, chick grower and pull et developer.
Storage: Shelf-life is at least 12 months from the date of manufacture in the
unopened o rigll1al container and at a temperatu re below 25°C.
Packaging: 20 kg opaque polyethylene bag in cardboard box

ROSIGOLD®-S BAI No. VR198-825

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.
Manufacturer: Rovithai Limited, Chonburi, Thailand

Composition: Each kg o f Rosigold® - S contains: Vito .\ - 50,000,000 IU; Vi r. D J

- 9,000,000 IU; Vir. E - 200,000 mg; Vito 1(, - 9,000 mg; Vir. Bl -
9,000 mg; Vir. Bz - 22,000 mg; Vir. BG - 14,000 mg; Vir. BIZ - 100
mg; Niacin - 150,000 mg; Pantothenic acid - 70,000 mg; Biotin-
1,000 mg; Folic acid - 10,000 mg.
Description: Rosigold '· ' - S is a brown, fine, free-fl owing vitamin concentrate for
all classes of swine.
Indications: For animal nutrition in compound feed s; ensures the appropriate
animals species are supplemented with vitamin levels necessary for
productivity expectations.
Dosage: Recommended inclusion level per ton of feed: 250 to 300 g for
breeder & pre-starter; 200 to 250 g for starter; 175 to 200 g for
grower; 125 to 175 g for finisher.
Storage: Shelf-life is at least 12 months from the date of manufacture in the
unopened original con tainer and a t a temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 20 kg opaque polyethylene bag in cardboard box

458
Description if Some Nutntionai PmdtlC"ts VITAMIN PREMIX

ROSIGOLD® WSP BAI No. VRI 03 -1772

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.
Manufacturer: DSM Vitamins (Shanghai) Ltd., Shanghai, China
Composition: Each kg of Rosigold® \VSP contains: Yit. :\ - 30,000,000 IU; Vit.
D.; - 6,000,000 IU; Vito E - 30,000 mg; Vit. 1(3 - 2,000 mg; Vit. B 1
- 2,000 mg; Vit. B2 - 5,000 mg; Vito Bu - 2,000 mg; Vir. B12 - 12 mg;
Niacin - 35,000 mg; Pantothenic acid - 13,500 mg; Biotin - 30 mg;
Folic acid - 500 mg; Vitamin C - 100,000 mg.
Description: Rosigold® WSP is a light ye llow powder for application in drinking
water.
Indications: For the prevention and trea tment of vitamin and amino acid
deficiencies in poultry. It is recorrunended during period of stress
or disease outbreaks.
Dosage: [\dd 1 gram of premix per gallon of drinking water for continuous
low level supplementation _\dd 2 grams per gallon of drinking
water during period of stress or di sease outbreaks.
Storage: Shelf-life is at least 12 months from the date of manllf~c h.I!"'" in the
unopened original container and at a temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 250 g aluminum foil bag

ROVIMIX® 2010 BAI No. VRI 09-3734

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines, Inc.
Manufacturer: Rovithai Limited, Chonburi, Thailand
Composition: Per kg of Rovimix® 2010 contains: Vit. A, 1,500,000 I.u.; Vito DO'
500,000 ru.; Vito E, 40,000 mg; Vit. K j , 4,000 mg; Vito C,40,000
mg; Vito B 1, 2,000 mg; Vit. B2 , 6,000 mg; Yit. Bu' 3,000 mg; Yil B 12 ,
10 mg; N iacin, 12,000 mg; Pantothenic acid, 12,000 mg; Folic acid,
1,500 mg; Biotin, 200 mg; Copper, 2,000 mg; Iron, 20,0()() mg;
l\[ang,Ulese, 6,000 mg; Cobalt, 25 mg; Iodine, SOO mg; Zinc, 2(),OOO
mg; Selenium, 50 mg.
Description: Rovimix·!J 2010 is brown, fine free flowing powder. It is a yitamin
and mineral premix for use in fish feeds
Indication: To provide vitamins and minerals to prevent deficiency symptoms
and to support growth in warm-water fish cultured in fresh o r sea
water under extensive farming conditions
Dosage: :\dd 1,( 00 g per ton of feed
Storage: RovimixlJ' 2010 mav be stored for at l e~.s t 12 months from the date
of manufacture i~ the unopened original container and at a
temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

459
Chapter XI VITAMIN PREMIX

ROVIMIX® 2020 BAI No. VRI 09-3732

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Rovithai Limited, Chonburi, Thailand

Composition: Per kg of Rovimix® 2020 contains: Vit. A, 2,500,000 I.u.; Vit. D 3,

700,000 I.U.; Vit. E, 60,000 mg; Vit. 1<.3' 5,000 mg; Vit. C, 75,000
mg; Vit. BI' 2,500 mg; Vit. Bz, 6,000 mg; Vit. B6' 5,000 mg; Vit. Blz'
15 mg; Niacin, 24,000 mg; Pantothenic acid, 18,000 mg; Folic acid,
2,200 mg; Biotin, 500 mg; Copper, 3,500 mg; Iron, 25,000 mg;
~[anganese, 10,000 mg; Cobalt, 35 mg; Iodine, 750 mg; Zinc, 30,000
mg; Selenium, 100 mg.
Description: Rovimix® 2020 is brown, fine free flowing powder It is a vitamin
and mineral premix for use in fish feeds
Indication: To provide vitamins and minerals to prevent deficiency symptoms
and to support growth in warm-water fish cultured in fresh or sea
water under semi-intensive to intensive farming conditions
Dosage: Add 1,000 g per ton of feed
Storage: Shelf-life is at least 12 months from the date of manufacture in the
unopened original container and at a temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

ROVIMIX® 2030 BAI No. VRI 09-3735

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Rovithai Limited, Chonburi, Thailand

Composition: Per kg of Rovimix® 2030 contains: Vit. A, 5,333,000 I.u.; Vit. D 3,

1,000,000 I.U.; Vit. E, 66,667 mg; Vit. 1(3,3,333 mg; Vit. C, 100,000
mg; Vit. BI' 6,667 mg; Vit. Bz' 10,000 mg; Vit. BG, 10,000 mg; Vit.
BIz' 13 mg; Niacin, 53,333 mg; Pantothenic acid, 26,667 mg; Folic
acid, 2,667 mg; Biotin, 333 mg; Copper, 3,333 mg; Iron, 20,000
mg; i\[anganese, 16,667 mg; Cobalt, 33 mg; Iodine, 667 mg; Zinc,
26,667 mg; Selenium, 167 mg
Description: Rovirnix® 2030 is brown, fine free flowing powder. It is a vitamin
and mineral premix for use in fish feeds
Indication: To provide vitamins and minerals to prevent deficiency symptoms
and to support growth in warm-water fish cultured in fresh or sea
water under intensive farming conditions
Dosage: Add 1,500 g per ton of feed
Storage: Shelf-life is at least 12 months from the date of manufacture in the
unopened original container and at a temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

460
DeJmption 0/ Some NutritionaL ProductJ VITAMIN PREMIX

ROVIMIX® 2050 BAI No. VRI 09-3733

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Rovithai Limited, Chonburi, Thailand

Composition: Per kg of Rovimix® 2050 contains: Vit. A, 3,500,000 1.0.; Vit. D 3 ,

1,500,0001.0.; Vit. E, 75,000 mg; Vit. K 3, 15,000 mg; Vit. C, 100,000
mg; Vit. B 1, 12,500 mg; Vit. Bz, 10,000 mg; Vit. B(r' 12,500 mg; Vit.
Btl' 10 mg; Niacin, 50,000 mg; Pantothenic acid, 40,000 mg; Folic
acid, 5,000 mg; Biotin, 500 mg; Copper, 12,500 mg; Iron, 15,000
mg; :\[anganese, 15,000 mg; Cobalt, 100 mg; Iodine, 500 mg; Zinc,
50,000 mg; Selenium, 175 mg.
Description: Rovimix® 2050 is brown, fine free flowing powder. It is a vitamin
and mineral premix for use in shrimp feeds
Indication: To provide vitamins and minerals to prevent deficiency symptoms
and to support growth in shrimp cultured under intensive farming
conditions
Dosage: Add 2,000 g per ton of feed
Storage: Shelf-life is at least 12 months from the date of manufacture in the
unopened original container and at a temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

ROVIMIX® 6188 BAI No. VRI 97-672

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.
Manufacturer: Rovithai Limited, Chonburi, Thailand
Composition: Each kg of Rovimix® 6188 contains: Vit. 1-\ - 35,000,000 IU; Vit.
D s - 9,000,000 IU; Vito E - 90,000 mg; Vit. K3 - 6,000 mg; Vit. Bt
- 7,000 mg; Vit. B2 - 22,000 mg; Vito B6 - 12,000 mg; Vit. Bt2 - 70
mg; N iacin - 120,000 mg; Pantothenic acid - 35,000 mg; Biotin-
300 mg; Folic acid - 3,000 mg.
Descriptio~: RO\"imixQi) 6188 is a brown, fine, free- flowing vitamin concentrate
for laying hens, laying ducks and replacement birds.
Indications: For animal nutrition in compound feeds; ensures the appropriate
animab species are supplemented with vitamin levels necessary for
productivity expectations.
Dosage: Recommended inclusion level per ton of feed: 300 to 350 g for
replacement laye rs; 350 to 400 g for laying hen; 350 to 400 for laying
duck
Storage: Shelf-life is at least 12 months from the date of manufacture in the
unopened o riginal container and at a temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 20 kg opaque polyethylene bag in cardboard box

461
Cbapter XI VITAMIN PREMIX

ROVIMIX® 6188 Plus BAI No. VRI 97-673

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.
Manufacturer: Rovithai Limited, Chonburi, Thailand
Composition: Each kg of Rovimix® 6188 Plus contains: Vit. :\. - 35,000,000 IU;
\lit. D, - 9,000,000 IU; Vit. E - 90,000 mg; Vit. [(, - 6,000 mg; Vit.
B! - 7,000 mg; Vit. B2 - 22,000 mg; Vit. B6 - 12,000 mg; Vit. Bl2 -
70 mg; Niacin - 120,000 mg; Pantothenic acid - 35,000 mg; Biotin
- 500 mg; Folic ac id - 3,000 mg; Vitamin C - 300,000 mg.
Description: Rovimix@ 6188 Plus is a brown, fine, free- flowing vi tamin concen trate
containing vitamin C for replacement birds, laying hens, laying ducks
and breeding hens.
Indications: For animal nutrition in compound feeds; ensures the appropriate
animals species are supplemented with vitamin levels neces sary for
productivity expectations.
Dosage: Recommended inclusion level per ton of feed: 300 to 350 g for
replacement layers; 350 to 400 g for laying hen; 350 to 400 for laying
duck; 420 - 470 g for breeding hen
Storage: Shelf-life is at least 12 month s from the date of manufacture in the
unopened original containe r and at a temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 20 kg opaque polyethylene bag in cardboard box

ROVIMIX® 6288 BAI No. VRI 97-674

Company: DSM Nutritional Products Philippines Inc.
Manufacturer: Rovithai Limited, Chonburi, Thailand
Composition: Each kg of Rovimixi!<l 6288 contains: Vit. A. - 50,000,000 IU; Vi t.
D, - 10,000,000 IU; Vit. E - 130,000 mg; Vit. K, - 10,000 mg; "it.
B! -10,000 mg; Vit. B2 - 25,000 mg; Vit. 13 6 -16,000 mg; Vit. B 12 -
100 mg; Niacin - 200,000 mg; Pantothenic acid - 56,000 mg; Biotin
- 500 mg; Folic acid - 8,000 mg.
Description: Rovimix' 6288 is a brown, flOe, free- fl owing vitamin concentrate
for meat ducks and broil ers
Indication: Fo r animal nutrition in compound feeds; ensures t11e appropriate
animals species are supplemented with vitamin levels necessary for
productivity expectations.
Dosage: Recommended inclusion level per to n of feed: 300 to 350 g for
duclJings; 30U to 350 g fo r broiler starter; 250 to 300 g fo r broiler
grower; 250 to 300 g for duck grower
Storage: Shelf-life is at least 12 months from the date of manufacture in the
unopened original container and at a temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 20 kg o paque polyethylene bag in cardboard box

462
Description of Some Nutntiol1ai ProductJ' VITAMIN PREMIX

ROVIMIX® 8188 BAI No. VRI 97-675

Company: DSM Nuttitional Products Philippines Inc.

Manufacturer: Rovithai Limited, Chonburi, Thailand

Composition: Each kg of Rovimix® 8188 contains: Vit. A - 50,000,000 IU; Vit.

D3 - 8,000,000 IU; Vit. E - 200,000 mg; Vit. K3 - 10,000 mg; Vito
B1 - 10,000 mg; Vit. Bz - 20,000 mg; Vit. B6 - 20,000 mg; Vit. Blz -
100 mg; Nia.cin - 130,000 mg; Pantothenic acid - 80,000 mg; Biotin
- 800 mg; Folic acid - 10,000 mg.
Description: Rovimix® 8188 is a brown, fine, free-flowing vitamin concentrate
for a.ll classes of swine.
Indications: For animal nutrition in compound feeds; ensures the appropriate
animals species are supplemented with vitamin levels necessary for
productivity expectations.
Dosage: Recommended inclusion level per ton of feed: 300 to 350 g for
pre-starter; 250 to 300 g for starter; 150 to 200 g for grower; 100 to
150 g for finisher; 300 to 350 g for breeder sow & boar
Storage: Shelf-life is at least 12 months from the date of manufa.cture in the
unopened original container and at a temperature below 25°C.
Packaging: 20 kg opaque polyethylene bag in cardboard box

USPA NEW VITAMIN PREMIX BAI No. VRM 00-601

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc

Manufacturer: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Composition: Multivitamins
Description Vitamin supplement for swine.
Indication: Provides o ptimum le ve ls of vitamin to improve growth and
production performance; prevents vitamin deficiencies in swine.
Dosage: Fatteners: 0.3 kg/ton of feed.
Growers: 0.4 kg/ton of feed .
Storage: Store at temperature below 30° C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

463
Chapter XI VITAMIN PREMIX

USPA SPECIAL VITAMIN PREMIX BAI No. VRM 00-603

Company: AgriSpecialist, Inc

Manufacturer: AgriSpecialist, Inc.

Composition: j\[ultivitamins
Description Vitamin supplement for swine.
Indication: Provides optimum levels of vitamin to improve growth and
production performance; prevents vitamin deficiencies in swine.
Dosage: A.dminister to the following as recommended:
Grower: 0.4 kg/ton of feed
Fattener: 0.3 kg/ton of feed
Starter/Breeder: 0.5 kg/ton of feed
Creep/Pre-starter: 0.6 kg/ton of feed
Storage: Store at temperature below 30° C.
Packaging: 25 kg bag

VITAMIN-MINERAL PREMIX

BAYMIX PREMIX BAI No. VRM'-92-34

Company: Bayer Animal Health

Manufacturer: Bayer Animal Health
Distributor: l\vailable nationwide at any authorized Bayer distributor

Composition: Vitamins and minerals

Description: Complete and well - balanced vitamin and mineral premix formulated
for today's modern poul try and swine breeds.
Indication: To prevent vitamin and mineral deficiencies in poultry and swine; to
improve growth and lean deposition in growing animals; to improve
reproductive performance of sows and boars; to increase egg
production of layers; to improve feed efficiency of pigs and broilers.

Dosage: Swine: Creep, pre-starte r, starter, sows ,md boars--

1.5-2.0 kilos/ton feed
Grower / Finisher - 1.0 - 1.5 kilos ton feed
Poultry: Layers and broilers - 1.0 - 2.0 kilos ton feed
Packaging: 20 kilos in laminated kraft bag

464
Description of Some Nut1itionaL Products VITAMIN-MINERAL PREMIX

BOAR POWERMAX BAI No. VRI 03-1710

Company: Easy Bio Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturer: Easy Bio System, Inc., South Korea
Distributor: Easy Bio Philippines, Inc.

Composition: L-carnitine, chromium tripicolinate, vitamin-mineral complex,

antioxidants
Description: A potent supplementary diet in cookie form, especially designed to
improve boar productivity
Indication: Increases libido and stamina of boars
Improves sperm quality
Increases semen volume
Prolongs economic life span of boar
Alleviates stress
Dosage: 2-4 cookies (50-1 OOg) / day / boar
Storage: Keep container closed. Store in cool dry place and protect from
light. Store under normal temperature from 15° C to 35° C.
Pack3ging: 5 kg PVC pouch bag

LEAN TEAM FEEDMILL PACK BACON BAI No. VRI 05-2535

Company: Nuevo Milenio, Inc.

Manufacturer. Lienert Australia Pty Ltd
Dis tribu tor. Nuevo Milenio, Inc.

Compositiou. Vitamins, chelated minerals and amino acids

Descriptiou. Lean Team Feedmill Pack Bacon is a yellow to brown free- flowing
powder to grit premix for finishing pigs
Indicatiou. Improves production performance of growing pigs
Dosage: Grower and finisher: 4kg/ton of feed
Storage: Store in a dry, cool place in the original sealed packaging
Pack3ging Bag 20 kg, 10 foils x 2 kgs

465
Chapter XI VITAMIN-MINERAL PREMIX

LEAN TEAM FEEDMILL PACK BREEDER BAI No. VRI 05-2527

Company: Nuevo Milenio, Inc.

Manufacturer. Lienert Australia Pty Ltd
Distributor. Nuevo MiJenio, Inc.

Composition. Vitamins, chelated minerals and amino acids

Description: Lean team Feedmill Pack Breeder is a yellow to brown free-flowing
powder to grit premix for breeder gilts, sows and boars
Indication: Impro\'es reproductive performance of pig breeders
Dosage: Gestating, lactating and boar diets: Skg/ton of feed
Storage: Store in a dry, cool place in the original sealed packaging
Packaging Bag 20 kg, 8 foils x 2.5 kgs

LEAN TEAM FEEDMILL PACK WEANER BAI No. VRI 05-2534

Company: Nuevo Milenio, Inc.

Manufacturer. Lienert Australia Pty Ltd
Distributor. Nuevo Milenio, Inc.

Composition. Vitamins, chelated minerals and amino acids

Description: Lean Team Feedmill Pack Weaner is a yellow to brown free-flowing
powder to grit premix for piglets
Indication: Improves production performance of piglets
Dosage: Piglet booster, pre-starter and starter: 6kg/ton of feed
Storage: Store in a dry, cool place in the original sealed packaging
Packaging Bag 18 kg, 6 foils x 3 kgs

466
Description oj Some Nutritional Products VITAMIN-MINERAL PREMIX

PECUTRIN SAl No. VRM 00-530

Company: Bayer Animal Healtb

Manufacturer. Bayer Animal Healtb
Distributor: Available nationwide at any authorized Bayer distributor

Composition: Vitamins ADE, macro and trace minerals

Description: A well-balanced vitamin-mineral salt mixture having a high content
of macro minerals, trace elements and important vitamins.
Indication: Excellent feed supplement for animals with extra reguirements
- gestating and lactating animals
- piglets and growing pigs
- layers and moulting birds
- high-yielding dairy cows
- young animals
- all animals kept indoors and those suffering from chronic diseases
Dosage: Poultry: 1to 3 kg per ton of feeds; Swine: 1 to 2 kg per ton of feeds
Packaging: 25 kg kraft bag

WHEY POWDER

DICOWHEY SAl No. FI - 1989

Company: Diconex (Phils.), Inc.

Manufacturer: Nutrifeed, The Netherlands
Distributor: Diconex (Phils.), Inc.

Composition: rdoisture 2.5%, Protein 11 %, Fats /Oils 3.2%, i\linerals 9%,

Carbohydrates 74%, Lactose min 65%, Lysine 0.65%,
i\Icthionine+ Cystin 0.55%, Threonine 0.35%, Tryptophan 0.1 %,
Calcium 0.7%, Phosphorus 0.8%, Sodium 0.6%, i\[etabolic
Energy 3286 Kilocalorie/Kg
Indication: Feed for young animals, particularly piglet feed, such as Pre-starter,
Starter, etc.
Dosage: 3 to 5% of feed formulation
Storage: The product may be stored for 12 months from the date of
manufacture at room temperature in the unopened original
container.
Packaging: i\[ulti-Iayer paper bags with polythene inner bag; Sealed;
contents 25 kg/bag net.

467
Chapter XI YEAST AND YEAST BY-PRODUCTS

A-MAX YEAST CULTURE BAI No. VRI 03-1976

Company: Nuevo Milenio, Inc.

Manufacturer. Varied Industries Corporation, U.S.A.
Distributor. Nuevo Milenio, Inc.

Composition. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and yeast metabolites

Description. A-max yeast culture is a golden brown, free-flowing powder,
characterized by a nchly baked aroma.
Indication. Enhances reproductive and growth performance in ruminants, fishes,
pigs and poul try.
Dosage: Poultry: 1 to :2 kg/ ton Swine: 1 to 2.5 kg/ ton
Aqua: 1 to 3 kg/ ton Ruminants: 15 to 25g/ head / day
Storage: Store in a dry, cool place in the original sealed packaging
Packaging 25 kg in kraft paper bag.

BGMOS SAl No. VRI 09-3754

Company: Arida Marketing Co., Inc.

Manufacturer: Grasp Industria E Comercio Ltda., Brazil

Composition: A prebiotic composed of Grasp mannanoligosaccharides ~10S)

and Grasp beta-glucans.
Description: A prebio tic / performance enhancer for animal feed rich in
mannanoligos accharides (MOS) and ~-glucans, extracted from
Sao·charomyces cermj·ae yeas t of specially selected strain.
Indication: To stimulate appetite during all phases of swine and poultry
production.
Dosing: Poultry: 0. 5 to 1 kg/ton of feed
Swine : 0.5 to 2 kg/ton of feed
Storage: Store in a dry place and avoid direct sunlight.
Packaging: 20 kg bag

468
Descnption oj Some Nutntiofla/ Products YEAST AND YEAST BY-PRODUCTS

B-SAF SC47 HEAT RESISTANT YEAST GRANULES BAI No. VRI 02·1357
Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.
Manufacturer: SI Lesaffre, France

Composition: Saa'haromy,,:s ceretisiae Live Yeast, strain Sc47- minimum CFU 8.10 9
Description: Cream-colored granules
Indication: Piglets: Improved feed conversion resulting in increased average daily
weight gain. Sows: Reduces the sow's weight loss during lactation,
helps in the maintenance of body condition, thus aiding in fertility.
Ruminants: In calves, B-SAF Sc reduces digestive problems by
preven ting the proliferation of certain pathogenic agents. In rwninants,
B-S.AF Sc47 stabilizes rumen activIty in periods of stress, particularly
at the beginning of lactation and at the end of fattening. In fatteners,
B-SAF Sc47 gives an improved feed conversion rate and a higher
quality carcass.
Dosage: J\[onogastrics: 300g to 2kg/ton of feed
Ruminants: 3-10g/animal/day
Storage: Store in a cool and dry place. The product can be stored for 12
months without changes in appearance and composition at the
recommended storage conditions: 20-30°C, up to 80% humidity.
Packaging: Packed in 25 kg 3-ply paper bag with inner polyethylene lining.

SAFMANNAN BAI No. VRI 06-2763

Company: Sybex Animal Health & Nutrition, Inc.
Manufacturer: SI Lesaffre France

Compositiorr. SaccharomyceJ ceretisiae yeast cell wall. Highly concentrated and purified
yeast cell wall and components (glucans, mannanoligosaccharides,
chitins, minerals and phospholipids)
Description: Safmannan is a light beige flOe powder
Indication: Safmannan provides the optimal balance between yeast cell wall
components which allow inhibition of bacterial attachment and
binding of mycotoxins. It improves the intestinal morphology and
stimulates the immune system.
Dosage: J\Iix thoroughly with feeds (poultry, swine and aqua) at inclusion
rates of 100 to 1000 g/ton .
Storage: Store in a dry place away from direct sunlight and always keep
package well clo~ed. The product can be stored for 24 months
without changes 10 appearance and composition at the recommended
storage conditions :20 ,15°(" at .+()-90% humiditv.
Packaging: 25 kg sealed waterproof bags

469
Chapter XI YEAST AND YEAST BY-PRODUCTS

YEA-SACC ®1026 BAI No. VRI 06-2708

Company: Alltech Biotechnology Corporation, Inc.

Manufacturer: Alltech, Inc., USA

Composition: S ai'Charomyces i-erettsiae grown on media of groW1d yellow corn, diastatic

malt and cane molasses, dried to prevent its fermenting action
Description: Yea-Sacc ®t026 is a medium brown free flowing powder performance
enhancer. It is a concentrated viable yeast culture preparation
(Saccharomym ceretisiae strain 1026) and the media upon which it was
grown.
Indication: Yea-Sacc ®I026 is a live yeas t culture feed supplement for livestock
(pig, beef/dairy cattle, equine, pets and rabbits) and poultry. The
viable yeast in Yea-Sacc®1026 acts by stimulating fiber digesting bacteria
which act by producing weaker acids and stimulating activity of the
bacteria that convert lactic acid to propionic acid.
Dosage: 0.25 to 3kg/ton
Storage: Store in a cool, dry place . O pen co ntainers should be resealed. Shelf
life under tl1ese conditions is 18 months
Packaging: 25 kg bag

470
 PRODUCT INDEX
CATEGORY PAGE

1. ACIDIFIER
Acid Lac Dry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Acid Lac Liquid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Acid Pak 4Way 2X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Acidal NC . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . .. . 279
Diges tocap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Euroacid 68 Plus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Euroacid LF 60 Plus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Galliacid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Globacid 68 Plus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Globacid LF 60 Plus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Globacid LFPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Globacid OPCL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Latibon . . . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 284
Latibon Plus ~(E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Lupro-Mix NC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 285
Schaumacid Drink C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Schaumacid Protect Granulate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Tegacid AVL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Tetracid .. .. . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . 287
Vevo Vitall . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . 287
Zenacids 288

2. AMINO ACID
AD~f L-Lysine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Biolys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . 289
L-Lysine 1fonohydrochloride 98.5% Feed Grade . . . . . . .. . .. . 289
DL-Methionine Feed Grade . . . . . . . . 290
Rhodimet AT88 290
Rhodimet NP99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
L-Threonine 98.5% Feed Grade .. . . . . 291
AD M L-Threonine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
L-Threonine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
L- Tryptophan . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
L- Tryptophan 98% Feed Grade . . . 293
L- Valine Feed Grade . . . . . . . . . 294

471
 Produa Index

3. ANTI COCCIDIAL
Kokcisan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Robenidine HCl 6.6% (Robistat 6.6%) . 295

4. ANTIMICROBIAL
Lincomix 44 G/KG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Linco-Spectin 44 g/kg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Linco-Spectin 440 g/kg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Neomix AG 220 GM/kg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Sure Value Chlortetracycline 15% Granular . . . .. . . . . . .. . 297
Baxidil 40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . 298
Vetracin Gold (Doxycycline + Tiamulin) 299

5. ANTIOXIDANT
Barox Liquid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Capsoquin Liquid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Capsoquin N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Endox 5X Concentrate Dry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Endox Dry . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 302
Eurotiox 32 Premix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Eurotiox 112 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Feedox Dry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Globatiox 32 Liquid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Globatiox 32 Premix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Globatiox D4 Liquid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Globatiox D4 Powder .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 305
Oxicap E2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . . . . . . . 306
Oxicap Liquid . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Oxigard . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Ridox . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 307
Trouw Nutrition Ethoxyquin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 308

6.ANT~SALMONELLA
Sal CURB Dry . : . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Sal CORB Liquid .... . . . . . . . . ..... . 309
Salcap NT , . . . . . .' . . - : . . . '. . . . . . '. 309
Salgarc;l ~ . 310
Salstop SD . . . . . .. .. .. . . . .... . jl0

472
 Product Index

7. BASE MIX
Avimin Forte Poultry & Swine Base 1-(ixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 311
Gro Rite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
lI:fega Gro 2.5% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Mega Lay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Megapro 2.5% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Pigrolac Lean 1,'iicropac 50 Mash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Proticon Ges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' .' . . . 314
Proticon L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Qualimix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Qualipro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Ritestart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 316
United Feeds Swine Base Mixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Vitapro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

8. BIO-SURFACTANT
Lipidol Powder -UK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Lysoforte Dry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 318
Piggomix Extra . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Volarnel Extra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

9. ENZYME: CARBOHYDRASE
Agrazime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '. . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
Allzyme SSF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
Amci-Avemix CS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Amci-Avemix XG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Capsozyme SB Plus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
CTCZyme . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . 322
Econase XT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Ecozyme . . . . . . . . .'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Endonase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
GrainGain. . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
K.ernzyme Dry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Kemzyme W Dry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Natugrain Wheat TS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Natugrain \\lheat TS L . . . . ' .' . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Nopcozyme II . . . . . . . '.. . '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Nopcozyme II (BX+ BG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Optimise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '. '. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . 328
Optizyme T2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . ' . . . . . . . . ..... . : . .. . 328
Ronozyme A..'X (CT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . 329
Ronozyme VP (CT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Ronozyme WX (CT) . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
473
 Produot Inck'(

Rovabio Excel AP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

Rovabio Excel AP T-Flex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Rovabio Excel LC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Rovabio Max AP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Rovabio 1fax LC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Roxazyme G2G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Safizym GP 60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Safizym GP 800 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Safizym XP 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Safizym XL 200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Safizym XP 500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Zympex 006 336
Zympex 008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

10. ENZYME: PHYTASE

Avemix P5000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Capsozyme P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Finase EC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
GenoPhos 5000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Natuphos 10000 G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Natuphos 10000 L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Natuphos 5000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Natuphos 5000 G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Natuphos 5000 L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Optiphos 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Ronozyme NP (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Ronozyme NP q...1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Zympex P5000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

11. ENZYME: PROTEASE

Optipro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Poultry Grow 250. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
Ronozyme ProAct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344

12. ESSENTIAL OILS

Amci Activo . . . . . 345
Aromex . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . 345
Biostrong 510 . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . 346
CRINA Poultry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
CRINA Piglets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
CRINA Finishing Pigs & Sows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Dosto Green . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .... . 348
Fresta F Con . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
Genex . . . 349
474
 Proc/tlct Itide-\.'

Ropadiar Powder Plus . 349

Ropadiar Solution 3::;0

13. FEED INGREDIENT

Extruded Full Fat Soya , , . , . , , . . . . . .. . .. , . . . . . . 350
Extruded Com . . , . , . . . " . , ' . . . ,. , . . . . 351
l\Ieat and bone meal , , . . , . . . , . , . . . . . . . . . . . , . . 351

14. FLAVORS
Anise Feedaroma . 352
Aromas tat , . . , , . , .. , . . . . . . . . . . . ' . .... . . 352
Euroarom l\ L-\ 11 . , , . , . , . . . . . . , . . , . . . . . . . . 353
Euroarom PF29MGS . . . . . . , .. , . . . '. , . . .. ,. 353
Euroarom PF3 0S , . ' , . , . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 354
Euroarom PF31. . .. . .. .. .. , .. . . . . . .. . . . 354
Euroarom PF32L . 355
Eu roarom P F32S . , . . , . 355
Euroarom PF74 . , 356
Iproarom Lactoaroma 125G 356
Iproarom Lactoaroma 234S . . 357
Iproarom Lactovanilla Premium 357
Ip roarom PF73S ., ., . .. 358
Iproarom Red Fruits Premium . . , , 358
Iproarom Red Fruits SP . , . . . . . , 359

15. HERBS AND HERB EXTRACTS

Bronchimax , . 359
Phytocee , . . , , . . . ' , . , . . 360
Phytonin Excel. , . . . . , . . . . 360
Z igbir . , .. .. . 361
Z ist . , . , , . . , . . . . . . , .. . . . 361

16. HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR

Aviamax , 362
Eggromax 362
Porcimax , 363

17. IMMUNO-ENHANCER
-,""ctigen . , . . . .. 363
Bio-Mos , , , 364
Cenmos Plus , 364
Fermkito 365

475
 Prodtltt Jndex'

G lobamax B700 365

Globigen Kick Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
Immunowall . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
Leiber Biolex MB 40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %7

18. LIGNa-CELLULOSE
Fibrecell . . . . . 367
O pticel .. 368

19. MINERAL
Agrazinc 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
Bolifor MCP 1[onocalcium Phosphate . . . . . . . . . .... . 369
Chrome-Pico . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . .. .. . . . . 369
Easy Chrome/Biochrome . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . .... . 370
PIF Chrome. 370
Zymoselen . . . . . . 371

20. MOLD INHIBITOR

D1[X-7 .. . . . . . 371
Dry Toxichek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . 372
Euromold 52 Plus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
Euromold L75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Euromold P Plus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Feed CURB Dry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
Fungicap N . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 374
Fungicap 50 Liquid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
G lo bamold 52 Plus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
G lobamold L Plus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
G lobam old Mash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
G lobamold P Plus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Ke rn CURB Dry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Lupro-G rain .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . 378
Kemira t\·[ould Control LP3 NC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . 378
Kemira 1[ould Control SPI . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . 379
Luprosil Adsorbate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
lIolagen Plus. . . . .. . ..... . 380
Luprosil NC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
1[0ldstop Sd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Luprosil -Salt . . . .. .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 381
l\ [yco CURB aw Liquid . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
M1'co CU RB Extend Liquid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
Novache k . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
Toxichek Plu s . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
476
 ProdUGt Index

21. NON·PROTEIN NITROGEN

Optigen II . . . .. 384

22. NUCLEOTIDES
Hilyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
Nucleoforce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 385

23. NUTRITIONAL METABOLITE

Diamond V XPC . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 386
DV Aqua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... . . 386
Diamond V XP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Nu-Pro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 388

24. ODOR/AMMONIA CONTROL

Biopowder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
Cleo . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .. .. . ... . ......... . ... 389
1-. (icrosource "S". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
De-Odorase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390

25. OMEGA·3 FATTY ACID

Gromega Ultra 365 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
Optomega-50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Promega-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

26. ORGANIC MINERAL

Globamax 1000 392

27. ORGANIC TRACE MINERAL

Kern TRACE Chromium Dry 0.04% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
SelenoSource AF2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Sel-Plex .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . 393
EconomasE . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . 394

28. ORGANIC TRACE MINERAL PREMIX

Bioplex C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
Bioplex Poultry Pak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395

477
 Product ["de.,y

29. PELLET BINDER

Durabind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 395
E uropeJin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
Globind Aqua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 396

30. PEPTIDES
t-ragnaPro Nutritional Peptide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Palbio 50RD . . ., . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 397
Pepsoygen . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
Peptiva Aquaculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 399
Peptiva P /L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 399
Peptiva Poultry Starter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
Peptiva SEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
Peptiva Swine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

31. PIG MENTER

Capsantal EBS 30 . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .... 402
Capsantal FS 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
Carophyll Red 10% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Carophyll Stay Pink 10% CWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Carophyll Yellow 10% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
Kern G LO Dry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
Lucantin Pink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Lucantin Red . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Lucantin Yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
Lucarotin 10% Feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
Oro GLO Dry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

32. PROBIOTIC
Bio Plus2B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Bonvital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
Challenge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 408
CloSTAT 11 Dry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
Cylactin LBC .M E 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

33. PROTEIN CONCENTRATE

Bio CP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
VPC 70% .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410

34. SKIM MILK REPLACER

Crys tall ac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
Qualinllik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

478
 Product Index

35. SPECIALTY FEED INGREDIENT

Ferm-O-Tide . . . 412
PRI1·L,\TEX 412
Protimax 413
UGFac 413

36. SURFACTANT
Kem Wet WS Liquid . . . . . . . . . 414
Spreadmolass. . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

37. SWEETENER
Hognectar . 415
Iprosugar HC 415
Iprosugar S5 . 416
Pignectar .. . 416
Sugarmate . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. 417
Ultra Sweet Pignectar 417

38. TOXIN BINDER

Atox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 418
Co-Bind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
Co-Bind AZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Detox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Elitox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
Improved tv(ilbond TX. . . . . . . . . . 420
t-..fTB-100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Mycofix Plus 3.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Mycofix Select 3.0 . . . . . . . . . . . 422
Niltox. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
Niltox Forte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Novasil Plus . . . . . . . . . . 423
Tixolex 28. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
Toxifm Dry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
Toxisorb Oassic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Toxisorb Premium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Zetox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426

39. TRACE MIN ERAL PREMIX

Amcichelmin C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
Amcichelmin Plus I . . . . . . . . . . 427
Baymin. . . . . . ...... . . 427
479
 Prodtla Index

Rosigold l\. £ineral - P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

Rosigold l\£ineral - S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
USPA New Mineral Premix 429
USPA Speciallv£ineral Premix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

40. VITAMIN A
Lutavit A 1000 Plus . . . . . . 430
Lutavit A 500 S . . . . . . . . 431
Lutavit A 500 Plus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
l\.ficrovit A Prosol 500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
l\·ficrovit A Supra 1000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
Rovimix A 1000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434
Rovimix A 500 WS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

41. VITAMIN A0 3
Lutavit AD, 1000/200 Plus . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Microvit AD, Supra 1000 - 200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
Rovimix AD3 1000/200 .. .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. .. . 436

42. VITAMIN A0 3 E
Hydrovit AD3E 100-10-40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
Hydrovit AD,E 100-20-20 . . .. . .. . . .. . . . . 437
Formula HP . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438

43. VITAMIN 0 3
Microvit D , Promix 500 . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 438
Rovimix D3500 . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . 439
Rovimix HyD 1.25% . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 439

44. VITAMIN E
Lutavit E 50 . 440
Lutavit E 50 S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
l\.[icrovit E Promix 50. . . . . . . 441
Rovimix E 50 SD . . . . 441
Rovimix E-50 Adsorbate 442

45. VITAMIN ~
K3 Stab Feed Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
l\(icrovit K, Promix lvfNB 96% .. . . . . . . . .. .. . . . 443
Rovimix K3 MNB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

480
 Product Index

46. VITAMIN B1
j\[icrovit Bl Promix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
Rovimix BI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

47. VITAMIN B2
Lutavit Bz SG 80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
j\.[icrovit Bz Supra 80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . 445
Rovimix Bz 80-SD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 446

48. VITAMIN B6
Microvit B6 Promix (pyridoxine) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
Rovimix B6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . • 447

49. VITAMIN B12

i\Iicrovit B12 Promix 1000 . . 447
Vitamin BIZ 1% Feed Grade. 448

50. VITAMIN: BIOTIN

Microvit H Promix 2% 448
Rovimix Biotin HP 449

51. VITAMIN: FOLIC ACID

Microvit B9 Promix (Folic Acid) . · 449
Rovimix Folic 80 SD . . . . . . · 450

52. VITAMIN: NIACIN

Microvit B3 Promix (Niacin) · 450
Rovimix Niacin . . . . . . . . · 451

53. VITAMIN: PANTOTHENIC ACID

Lutavit Calpan . . . . . . . . . · 451
i\[icrovit Bs Promix Calpan . 452
Rovimix Calpan . . . . . . . . . · 452

54. VITAMIN C
Rovimix C-EC · 453
Rovimix Stay-C35 . . . . . . . . . . 453

481
 ProdlHl Jn~'_,'

55. VITAMIN-AMINO ACID PREMIX

Rovimix 328W . . . . . . . . . . . 454

56. VITAMIN-AMINO ACID-MINERAL PREMIX

Vitallin . . . . 454

57. VITAMINS-ANTIBIOTICS PREMIX

ARN Protector Plus . . . . . . . . . . . 455

58. VITAMINS-ELECTROLYTES-ORGANIC ACID PREMIX

ARN Antistress Plus ... .. 455

59. VITAMIN PREMIX

Baymix Concentrate .. . . . . . . . 456
lv[icrovit Blend . . . . . . . . . . . 456
Nuevo Poultry Vitamin Concentrate . . . _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
Nuevo Swine Vitamin Concentrate . . . 457
Rosigold - P . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 458
Rosigold - S . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 458
Rosigold WSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
Rovimix 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
Rovimix 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460
Rovimix 2030 . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . 460
Rovimix 2050 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
Rovimix 6188 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 461
Rovimix 6188 Plus . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
Rovirrux 628R . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . 462
RoviffiJX 818~ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 463
USP:\ New Vitamin Premix . . . . . . . . 463
USP"o\ Special Vitamin Premi.,,, . . . . . . . 464

60. VITAMIN-MINERAL PREMIX

Baymlx Premix . . . . . . 464
Boar Powlf~Lax . . . .... . 465
Lean Tearo Feedmill Pack Bacon . . . . . . . . 465
Lean Tean1 Feedmill Pack Breeder 466
Lean Team Feedmill Pack Weaner . . . . . . . 466
Pecutrin. ....... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

482
 Product Index

61. WHEY POWDER

Dicowhey .. . . . 467

62. YEAST AND YEAST BY-PRODUCTS

A-Max Yeast Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468
BG110S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . 468
B-SAF Sc47 Heat Resistant Yeast Granules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 469
Safmannan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 469
Yea-Sacc . . . . . .. . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. 470

483
 DIRECTORY OF ADVERTISERS

1. ADISSEO ASIA PACIFIC PTE. LTD

Philippine Representative Office
1119-1120 Civic Place Bldg
Civic Drive, Filinvest Corporate City
~~labang, Muntinlupa City
Tel. Nos. (+63 2) 771 4885 / 771 4887
Fax No. (+63 2) 772 1181
E-mail: cynthia.canlobo@adisseo.com

2. AGRIMATE INCORPORATED
Agrimate Building,
107 t-.hlanting St. Amparo Subdivision
Novaliches, Quezon City
Tel. Nos. (+63 2) 930 8444 to 46
Fa..'{ No. (+63 2) 938 5573
E-mail: agrimate@info.com.ph

3. AGRISPECIALIST INCORPORATED
~~erican Road, Greenfield Autopark
Greenfield City, Sta. Rosa, Laguna
Tel. Nos. (+63 2) 584 4202 to 04
Fax No. (+63 2) 584 4208
E-mail: agrimml@info.com.ph

4. AJINOMOTO PHILIPPINES CORPORATION

_-\jinomoto Building, 331 Sen. Gil Puyat Avenue,
Makati City, Ph-ilippines
Tel. Nos. TL: (632) 895-6081 to 89; DL: (632) 895-7712
Fax No. (632) 897-5766
Website: www.ajinomoto.com.ph

484
 Adumiser's Direaory

5. ALLTECH BIOTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION INC.

16th Floor, Tower Two, Insular Life Corporate Centre,
Insular Life Drive, Filinvest Corporate City
Alabang 1781, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
Tel. No. (+63 2) 846 0677
Fax No. (+63 2) 807 1854
E-mail: dbantoc@alltech.com
Website: www.alltech.com; www.alltech.com/Philippines;
facebook .com/ ~\lltechNaturally; @Alltechtweets

6. APF CORPORATION
Unit 1009 A.ntel Global Corporate Center
Julia Vargas I\ve. Ortigas Center, Pasig City
Tel. Nos. (+63 2) 687 9077 / 687 9079
Fax No. (+63 2) 687 9079
E-mail: 1Iarisa@apfcorp.com

7. ARIELA MARKETING COMPANY INC.

93-B Lazcano Street,Brgy. Laging Handa
Kamuning, Quezon City
Tel. Nos. (+63 2) 373 7070 to 71
Fa."{ No. (+63 2) 415 0752
E -mail: ariela.marketing@gmail.com
Website: http:!h,yww.arielainc.com

8. BASF PHILIPPINES, INCORPORATED

11/F Hanjinphil Corporation Building
1128 University Parkway, North Bonifacio Global City,
1634 Taguig, Metro Manila
Tel No. (+632) 811 8000, Fax No. (+632) 838 1025
E-mail: patrick.talavera@basf.com
Website: www.basf.com

9. BAYER PHILIPPINES INCORPORATED

Canlubang Industr~l Estate
Canlubang, Calamba City, Laguna
Tel. No. (+63 49) 549 7375
Fa."{ No. (+63 2) 450 5479
E-mail: virgie.pagaspas@bayer.com
Website: www.bayer-anpglobal.com

485
Advertzjer's DireLtory

10. BROADCHEM CORPORATION

Rm 205-.-\ 2nd Floor Sample Shop Bldg.
AFP-RSBS Industrial Park
South Super Highway, Km 12 East Service Road,
Western Bicutan, Taguig City 1630, Philippines
Phone: +632 839 2992/ 839 2955
Telefax: +632 8392956
Email: brdchemcorp@pldtdsl.net
http://www.broadchemph.com/

11. DICONEX PHILIPPINES INCORPORATED

Rm. 308 BPI Bldg, Plaza Cervantes
Binondo, Manila
Tel. Nos. (+63 2) 242 1096 / 242 0858/ 242 0958
Fax No. (+63 2) 242 1148
E-mail: diconex@pldtdsl.net

12. DSM NUTRITIONAL PRODUCTS PHILIPPINES INC.

3/F Roche Building
2252 Chino Roces Avenue
Makati City 1231
Tel. No. (+63 2) 892 4240
Fax No. (+63 2) 893 7171
E-mail: arnel.rigor@dsm.com
Website: www.dsmnutritionalproducts.com

13. EAST ASIA VETERINARY PRODUCTS INCORPORATED

Unit M02 Prince Gregory Condominium
12 Avenue, Cubao, Quezon City
Tel. Nos. (+63 2) 913 1732 / 438 0460
Fa.'C No. (+63 2) 9031733
E-mail: eastasia@pldtdsl.net

14. EASY BIO PHILIPPINES

1408 The Taipan Place
F. Ortigas Jr. Rd., Ortigas Center
Pasig City
Tel. Nos. (+63 2) 635 4692 / 6874583
Fax No. (+63 2) 631 7884
E-mail: kdm@easybiophils.com
486
 Advertiser's Directory

15. EQUALIVET INCORPORATED

18 Betty Go-Belmonte cor. Rosal Sts.
New Manila, Quezon City
Tel. Nos. (+63 2) 721 8125 / 721 0218 / 726 2411/ 725 3147/ 425 3782
Fa.'{ No. (+63 2) 722 0043
E-mail: equalivet@equalivet.org.ph/vangie.abella@gmail.com

16. EVONIK DEGUSSA GMBH

Philippines Representative Office
Unit 2309 One Corporate Center, Julia Vargas Corner r.leralco Avenue,
Ortigas Center, Pasig City
Tel. Nos. (+63 2) 477 - 2823 / 477 - 2824
Fa.'{. No. (+632) 477 - 48 - 19
Email: dante.ramos@evonik.com
Website: www.aminoacidsandmore.com

17. INNOVATIVE ANIMAL NUTRITION PHILS. INC. (BIOMIN)

1707 Tycoon Centre Building, Pearl Drive
Ortigas Center, Pasig City
Tel Nos. (+632) 706 1681
Fax No. (+632) 706 1782
Email: verden.deroma@biomin.net
Website: www.biomin.net

18. INPHILCO INC.

7th Floor Ave Maria Building
1517 Quezon ~-\.venue, Quezon City
Tel No. (+63 2) 371 1908
Fa.'{ No. (+63 2) 371 1916
E-mail: inphilco@i-manila.com.ph

19. J A FARMS ASIA PACIFIC INCOPORATED

Room 1 2nd Floor NVP Building
President Laurel Highway
Tanauan City, Batangas
Tel Nos. (+63 43) 778 6871 / (+63) 916 604 9593 / (+63) 922 577 8166
Fa.'{ No. (+63 43) 7796359
E-mail: info@jafarmsasiapacific.com

487
 Adt,ertiser's Direttory

20. JCS CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES INCORPORATED

12F Suite 1206 ~-\ntel Global Corporate Center
Julia Vargas .-\venue, Ortigas Center, Pasig City
Tel. No. (+63 2) 687 9042
Fax No. (+63 2) 687 9041
E-mail: oapjcs@yahoo.com
Website: www.jcschem.com

21. KEMIN PHILIPPINES REPRESENTATIVE OFF,CE

Unit 1908 j'v[edical Plaza, Ortigas Condominium Corp
No. 25 San ~'liguel ~-\venue, Ortigas Center, Pasig City
Telefax (+632) 470 2637 Tel No. (+632) 703 2260
Mobile No. 0917 831 8508; 0917 553 7088
E-mail: consuelo.maroon@kemin.com

22. KEMIRAASIA PACIFIC PTE. LTD.

111 North Bridge Road
#11 - 03 Peninsula Plaza
Singapore 398074
Tel. No. (+65) 6837 2070
Fa.'{ No. (+65) 6837 2075
E-mail : Maria-VisieI.Vasquez@kemira.com

23. LlPA QUALITY CONTROL CENTER

Top Floor Senora Maria Building
P. Torres St. Cor. C.;\i. Recto .Avenue
Lipa City
Tel. Nos. (+63 43) 756 6220 to 22 / 756 3315 / 312 2511
Fa.'{ No. (+63 43) 756 6220 to 22 / 756 3315
E-mail: lqcc_asl@yahoo.com.ph

24. MONSANTO PHILIPPINES INC.

7th Floor .Ayala Life-FGU Center
Corner ~-\cacia Road, Madrigal Business Park
Alabang-Zapote Road, ;\Iuntinlupa City
Tel. No. (+63 2) 809 4848
Fa.'{ No. (+63 2) 809 8071
\'(lebsite: www.monsantO. com
488
 Adtmiser.s Directury

25. NEW GEN MARKETING INCORPORATED

Rm. 501 Cedar Executive Bldg. II
Timog Ave., Quezon City
Tel. No. : (632) 448-7600
Telefax : (632) 376-5650
Website: www.newgen.com.ph

26. NUEVO MILENIO, INC

32 San Carlos Drive
Mataasnalupa, Lipa City
Tel. No. (+63 43) 756 1716
Fax No. (+63 43) 756 3071
E-mail: nuevomilenioinc@gmail.com
nuevomilenioinc@yahoo.com

27. NUTRIQUEST INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED

2nd Floor, GCH Building
Tres Borces Street
Mabolo, Cebu City
Tel. Nos. (+63 32) 231 0388 / 231 0389
Fax No. (+63 32) 231 0103
E-mail:

28. PFIZER INCORPORATED - ANIMAL HEALTH

2236 Chino Roces Avenue
Makati City
Tel. No. (+63 2) 884 6601
Fax No. (+63 2) 884 6603
E-mail: lindon.p.david@pfizer.com

29. PHILCHEMA, INC.

3/F West Wing, Culmat Bldg.
1270 - 1330 E. Rodriguez Sr. Avenue,
Quezon CitY 1102
Tel. Nos. (+63 2) 705 1181 to 83
Fax No. (+63 2) 705 1184
E-mail: sales@philchema.com.ph

489
 Adt'lJrtZ:rer's Dirutory

30. PllMICO ANIMAL NUTRITION CORPORATION

Sto. Domingo II
Capas, Tarlae
Tel. No. (+ 63 45) 925 0505
Fax No. (+63 45) 925 0506
F.-m ai l:alma. jauhari@pilmico.eom
\'\febsite: www.pj lmico.com

31. PROMAX INTERNATIONAL

#2_~ Set. De Guia St. cor. :\[0. Ignacia
Quezon City
Tel. No. (+ 63 2) 411 4100
Fa..'\: No. (+63 2) 413 6300 loc. 201
E-mail: promax@proma..(.eom.ph

32. SEASTEMAS INTERNATIONAL, INCORPORATED

Unit 158 15/ F The Columbia Tower
Ortigas .\venue, i\ landaluyong City
Tel. Nos. (+ 63 2) 722 7826 to 27
Fax No. (+ 63 2) 722 7829
E-mail: seastemas.~ales@gmai\.com

33. SYBEX ANIMAL HEALTH AND NUTRITION

107 Suite Chateau Verde
Valle Verd e I , Bgy. Ugong, Pasig City
Tel. N os. (+ 63 2) 672 3050 to 52
Fax No. (+ 63 2) 671 8074
E-mail: office@sybexahn.eom

34. ULTRA BIO CORPORATION

Suite 303 Centro :.'vla..'(imo Bldg., D.
Jakosalem St., Cebu City
UBC Building., Felix .",-ve., cor. Kalusugan St.,
Phase II- .~ , Karang-alan Village, Pas ig City
Tel. N os. eebu (+ 63 32) 253 3643 / i'.lanila (+ 63 2) 647 5599
F(L'{ No. eebu (+63 32) 254 9597 / Manila (+ 63 2) 682 5456
E -mail: ultra_b io@yahoo.eom
\'(!ebsite: www.ultrabioeo rp.eom
490
 Adl'trtiser's Direttol),

35. UNIVET NUTRITION AND ANIMAL HEALTHCARE CO. (UNAHCO)

86 :\[aytlower St.
Mandaluyong City
Tel. No. (+6.) 2) 858 1000
Fa." No. (+63 2) 747 1506
E-mail:

36. UNIVERSAL FEED MILL CORPORATION

2nd Floor _\D:\I Building
North Road, Consolacion, Cebu
Tel. Nos. (+63 32) 564 3831 to 32
Fax No. (+ 63 32) 564 3576
E-mail: tfuangel ista@unilici~
Website: www.unifeeds.ph

37. WALCOM BIO·CHEMICALS PHILIPPINES INCORPORATED

No. 307 K:atipunan .-\venuc
Loyola H eIghts, Quezon City

491
 TABLE OF EQUIVAI4ENTS

CONVERSION FACTORS:

Percent Parts per hundred

Grams per hundred grams
kilogram / 100 kilograms
pound / 100 pounds
handful / 100 handfuls

PP~f Parts per million

mcg / g (microgram / gram)
mg / kg (milligram / kilogram)
gram / ton
PPB
Parts per billion
mcg / kg (microgram / kilogram)
mg / ton (milligram/ ton)

Temperature

Centigrade (oq 5/9 (OF - 32)

Fahrenheit (oF) (9/5 x °C) + 32

Weights
1 Ton 1000 kilograms
1 kilogram (kg) 1000 grams (g)
2.2051bs
1 gram (g) 1000 milligram (mg)
0.0351b
1 milligram (mg) 1000 micrograms (mcg)
1 microgram (mcg) 1 part per million
or gamma 1.00 United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
1.667 International Unit (IU)
1 long ton 1016 kilograms
1 short ton 0.907 metric ton
1 pound Qb) 453.60 g
16 ounces
1 ounce (oz) 28.349 grams

492
 Table of Equivalents

Units of Volume / Capacity

1 liter 1000 milliliter (ml)

0.035316 cubic foot (cu. ft.)
61.025 cubic inches (cu. in.)
1.05671 quarts (qt.)
2.1134 pints (pt.)
33.8147 fluid ounces (oz. fl.)
1000.027 cubic centimeters (cc)
0.258 gallon

1 milliliter 0.001 liter Q)

0.034 fluid ounce (oz. fl.)
1.000 cubic centimeter (cc)

1 cubic cm 1.00 ml
0.001 quart
0.033 fluid ounce (oz. fl .)

1 gallon of:
water 3.785 liters
8.34Ibs.
molasses 11.70Ibs.
Fat 7.5lbs.
1vWk 8.6Ibs.

1 fluid ounce 0.062 pint (pt.)

0.029 liter
29.574 cubic cm.
29.57 milliliter (ml)
1 pint 0.47 liter
1 quart 0.95 liter

Corn/sorghum

1 metric ton 39.368 bushels U.S. #2

1 bushel U.S. #2 0.254 metric ton

Barley

1 metric ton 45.9296 bushels

1 bushel 0.2177 metric ton

493
ENERGY

1 mega calorie (1.kal) 1000 kcal

1 Therm
1 large calorie (Kcal) 1000 calories
4.184 kilojoul es
1 small caloric (cal) 4184 Joules
1 kilojoul e (KJ) 0.239 kcal
1 mega joule (1\ij) 1000 kilo joul es
1 gram TD 4.41 kcal DE
lIb roN 2000 kcal D E
1,300 Kcal / lb. 2850 Kcal / kg = 12 ~D
1,400 Kcal / lb. 3100 Kcal / kg =
13 1'10
1,500 Kcal / Ih. 3300 Kcal / kg 14 l\U =
DE (tI kal/kg) = 0.04409 x 1l) ~ (0: 0).
I\ O~ (1kal/kg) = 1.01 x DE (1\ [cal / kg) - 0 .45
NEt (1lcal / kg) = O.()245 x lDN (,Yo) - 0.12

CONVERSION FACTORS FOR VITAMIN ACTIVITY

1 1. U. Vitamin A = 0. 344 mcg 'Vitamin .\ ace tate

1 1.l.). Vitamin D} = 0.025 mcg Vitamin D }
1 g Vitamin E = 1.0 g dl-a.-Tocopheryl acetate
1 g Vitamin K} (Menadione) = 2.0 g I\[enadione sodium bisulfite (!\'fSB)
2.3 g j\ [enadione nicotinamide bisulfite (i\fNB)
1 g Vitamin B J = 1.088 g Thiamine mon onitrate
1.12 g T hiamine hydroc hl oride
1 g Vitamin Bc, = 1.215 g P yridox ine hydrochl oride
1 g D -Panto thenic acid = 1.087 g Calcium D -panto thenate
2.174 g Calcium DL-pantothenate
1 g Biotin = 1 g d-Biotin
1 g Vitamin C = 1 g L-.\ scorbic ac id
1 g Choline = 1.15 g r:ho line chloride
. ), '

I, .. ,I j

494
Philippine Society of Animal Nutritionists
EX E C U TIVE CO U NCIL
2010

JOYCE B. CRUZ
President

GLE N L. BANOGON
Via-President

SOFIA L. GONZALES
Secretary

KAREN M. CORNISTA
Jea'eta~y

GE RALDINE C. LAGUARDIA

CECILLE L. LAZARO
/ -Iuditol'

VERDEN MARK C. DE ROMA

Public RelatiollJ OiJim'

FILOMENA SO. PASCUAL

Dimtol'jor Finam'e

MA.MERCEDESC.BUYOC
Dil'edOl'jol' Internal /ljfairs

CA~LITA GERALDINE W. ABUAN

DimtorjOl' E xternal Affairs

BASILISA P. REAS
Immediate PaJt Pl'eJident

495
Philippine Society of Animal Nutritionists
EXECUTIVE COUNCIL
(VIS-MIN CHAPTER)
2010

CELSO S. HERRADURA
President

EDNA E. MAGBOJOS
Vice-President

REY F. EVANGELISTA
Secretary

ELENITA T. DE MANUEL
Treasurer

RAMON R. BIEN
Auditor

NILBE P. LOQUINTE
Public Relations Officer

NOEME R. ORELLOSA
Director for Internal Affairs

JESSIE M. JOAQUIN
Directorfor External Affairs

496
Philippine Society of Animal Nutritionists
- . - ---- -
EXECUTIVE COUNCIL
2011

VERDEN MARK C. DE ROMA

President

CARLITA GERALDINE W. ABUAN

Vit-e-President

SOFIA L. GONZALES
Jet-retary

PEACHE J. TANADA
Set/ etary

GERALDINE C. LAGUARDIA
Tl'easu1-er

FILOMENA SD. PASCUAL

A uditor-

MIRIAM A. TEMPRA
Public Relations Officer

ROCHELLE B. VECINO
Dimtorfor Finance

MA.MERCEDESC.BUYOC
Direttor /01' Internal Affain

DEXTER C. AMADA
Director for E yterna! ~-1/fairJ'

JOYCE B. CRUZ
immediate Past President

'7
Philippine Society of Animal Nutritionists
EXECUTIVE COUNCIL
(VIS-MIN CHAPTER)
2011

EDNA E. MAGBOJOS
Pm-ident

SHERYL AZETTE CAPA

Vice-President

NILBE P. LOQUINTE
Secretary

REY F. EVANGELISTA
Treasurer

NOEME R. ORELLOSA
Auditor

RAMON R. BIEN
Public Relations Ojjio-el'

ELENITA T. DE MANUEL
Director-for Internal Affairs

JESSIE M. JOAQUIN
Dim't01'for External Affai1'S

CELSO S. HERRADURA
Immediate Past President

498