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CPT Violation
CPT Violation
CPT Violation
Anirban Kundu
University of Calcutta
February 20, 2013
PCPV 2013, Mahabaleshwar
P: ψ̄γ µ (1 − γ5 )ψ =⇒ ψ̄γ µ (1 + γ5 )ψ
H.c. involves g ∗ , but gauge couplings are real. Introduce quark mixing.
Large CP violation for B systems, but too small to explain nb /nγ
That gives you an idea of what terms can potentially violate CPT.
Proof.
Consider real scalar field −→ C is conserved
PT is x µ → −x µ , proper LT, continuously connected to identity
In Euclidean space, just like a 4-d rotation — must be conserved
PT is always a good symmetry for real scalar field
Proof.
Consider real scalar field −→ C is conserved
PT is x µ → −x µ , proper LT, continuously connected to identity
In Euclidean space, just like a 4-d rotation — must be conserved
PT is always a good symmetry for real scalar field
I Particle and antiparticle must have equal and opposite mag. moment
I Hydrogen and antihydrogen must have identical spectra ....
I Particle and antiparticle must have equal and opposite mag. moment
I Hydrogen and antihydrogen must have identical spectra ....
I T violation necessarily means CP violation, like EDM
I Particle and antiparticle must have equal and opposite mag. moment
I Hydrogen and antihydrogen must have identical spectra ....
I T violation necessarily means CP violation, like EDM
Motivation 4: CPT might not be valid near extreme gravity regions, like
near the black holes
Motivation 4: CPT might not be valid near extreme gravity regions, like
near the black holes
e+ + e− → γ + γ
I Is ω+ = ω− ?
I Is there a sidereal variation?
I Is ω+ = ω− ?
I Is there a sidereal variation?
Both the answers are consistent with zero — one of the most precise
measurements. [Muon g − 2 Collab., PRL 2008]
However, this does not say anything, for example, about the CPT
violating parameters in the τ sector — CPT violation can be a flavour
dependent thing.
I Is ω+ = ω− ?
I Is there a sidereal variation?
Both the answers are consistent with zero — one of the most precise
measurements. [Muon g − 2 Collab., PRL 2008]
However, this does not say anything, for example, about the CPT
violating parameters in the τ sector — CPT violation can be a flavour
dependent thing.
b W s
b c s s
b
c
u,c,t u,c,t c
s W b s c b
s
b
b W s
b c s s
b
c
u,c,t u,c,t c
s W b s c b
s
b
A(KS → 2π)I =2 1
ω = |∆I | =
6
A(KS → 2π)I =0 2
A(KL → 2π)I =0
= CP
/
A(KS → 2π)I =0
A(KL → 2π)I =2 A(KS → 2π)I =0 − A(KL → 2π)I =0 A(KS → 2π)I =2
0 = √
2[A(KS → 2π)I =0 ]2
Related parameters:
A(KL → π + π − ) 0
η+− = = + √ ≈ + 0
A(KS → π + π − ) 1 + ω/ 2
A(KL → π 0 π 0 ) 20
η00 = 0 0
=− √ ≈ − 20
A(KS → π π ) 1 − 2ω
A(KS → 2π)I =2 1
ω = |∆I | =
6
A(KS → 2π)I =0 2
A(KL → 2π)I =0
= CP
/
A(KS → 2π)I =0
A(KL → 2π)I =2 A(KS → 2π)I =0 − A(KL → 2π)I =0 A(KS → 2π)I =2
0 = √
2[A(KS → 2π)I =0 ]2
Related parameters:
A(KL → π + π − ) 0
η+− = = + √ ≈ + 0
A(KS → π + π − ) 1 + ω/ 2
A(KL → π 0 π 0 ) 20
η00 = 0 0
=− √ ≈ − 20
A(KS → π π ) 1 − 2ω
|BH i = p1 |B 0 i + q1 |B 0 i ,
|BL i = p2 |B 0 i − q2 |B 0 i .
Normalisation
|p1 |2 + |q1 |2 = |p2 |2 + |q2 |2 = 1 .
Define
q1 δ q2 δ η1
η1 = = y+ α; η2 = = y− α; ω= .
p1 2 p2 2 η2
1 β µ ∆aµ
δ=−
2 ∆M − i∆Γ/2
In the SM, both are equal and ξf1 = ξf2 = ξf . For single-channel
processes, |ξf | = 1.
1 ∞
Z
Br [f ] = dt Γ[f , t] .
2 0
In the SM, both are equal and ξf1 = ξf2 = ξf . For single-channel
processes, |ξf | = 1.
1 ∞
Z
Br [f ] = dt Γ[f , t] .
2 0
"
2 −Γq t ∆Γq t ∆Γq t
ΓU [f , t] = |Af | e (...) cosh + (...) sinh
2 2
#
+(...) cos (∆Mq t) + (...) sin (∆Mq t)
Simplification:
For Bd system, ∆Γd 1, cosh → 1, sinh → 0, easier fit to decay profile
For |δ| 1, keep only the linear terms. For Bs , keep Γs too
"
|Af |2 1
Br [f ] = {2 − Im(δ)Im(ξf )}
2 Γs
#
Γs ∆Γs
+ Im(δ)Im(ξf ) + Re(ξf ) .
(∆m)2 + (Γs )2 (Γs )2
"
2 −Γq t ∆Γq t ∆Γq t
ΓU [f , t] = |Af | e (...) cosh + (...) sinh
2 2
#
+(...) cos (∆Mq t) + (...) sin (∆Mq t)
Simplification:
For Bd system, ∆Γd 1, cosh → 1, sinh → 0, easier fit to decay profile
For |δ| 1, keep only the linear terms. For Bs , keep Γs too
"
|Af |2 1
Br [f ] = {2 − Im(δ)Im(ξf )}
2 Γs
#
Γs ∆Γs
+ Im(δ)Im(ξf ) + Re(ξf ) .
(∆m)2 + (Γs )2 (Γs )2
0.37 0.37
0.04
0.36 0.36
ACPT
0.34 0.34
ACPT
ACPT
0.00
0.33 0.33
!0.02
0.32 0.32
!0.10 !0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 !0.10 !0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 !0.10 !0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10
Re!∆" Re!∆" Im!∆"
Hadronic uncertainties and BSM effects in mixing cancel out in the ratio!
One can refine the analysis. LHCb with 200 fb−1 can reach up to
Re(δ) ∼ 0.1
[AK, Nandi, Patra, Soni, PRD 2013]
A(Bs → Ds+ K − ) = T1 e iγ (1 − yf )
A(Bs → Ds− K + ) = T2 (1 + yf∗ )
A(Bs → Ds+ K − ) = T2 (1 − yf )
A(Bs → Ds− K + ) = T1 e −iγ (1 + yf∗ )
A(Bs → Ds+ K − ) = T1 e iγ (1 − yf )
A(Bs → Ds− K + ) = T2 (1 + yf∗ )
A(Bs → Ds+ K − ) = T2 (1 − yf )
A(Bs → Ds− K + ) = T1 e −iγ (1 + yf∗ )
I Consider B → V1 V2