Lesson 1: Midpoint Formula Example # 2:

Distance The midpoint of CS has coordinates (2, –1). If the

The Distance Formula is derived from the Pythagorean coordinates of C are (11, 2), what are the
Theorem coordinates of S?
Distance Between two points (𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ) and (𝑦1 , 𝑦2 ) Solving for x:
√(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 11 + 𝑥
𝑥= =2
Example: 2
11 + 𝑥
=2∗ =2∗2
2
= 11 + 𝑥 = 4
𝑥 = −7
Solving for y:
2+𝑦
𝑦= = −1
2
2+𝑦
=2∗ = −1 ∗ 2
2
= 2 + 𝑦 = −2
𝑦 = −4
𝑺 = (−𝟕, −𝟒)
Lesson 2: Equation of a Circle
Perfect Square Trinomial
Perfect square trinomial is an algebraic expression that
What is the Distance between P (1, 3) and Q (7, 11) is of the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 = 𝑐, which has three terms. It is
𝑃𝑄 = √(7 − 1)2 + (11 − 3)2 obtained by the multiplication of a binomial with itself
= √(6)2 + (8)2
= √36 + 64 Example: 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9 is a perfect square polynomial
= √100 obtained by multiplying the binomial (𝑥 + 3)by itself.
𝑃𝑄 = 10 1. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 = (𝑥 + 2)2
Midpoint 2. 𝑡 2 + 10𝑡 + 25 = (𝑡 + 5)2
If 𝐿(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) and 𝑁(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) are the endpoint of the 3. 𝑟 2 − 14𝑟 + 49 = (𝑥 − 7)2
segment and 𝑀 is the midpoint, then the coordinates of 4. 𝑤 2 + 9𝑥 + 20.25 = (𝑤 + 4.5)2
(𝑥1 ,𝑦1 ) (𝑥2 ,𝑦2 ) 5. 3𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 + 9 = (3𝑥 + 3)2
𝑀 is[ + ]. This is also referred as the
2 2
Midpoint Formula.

Definition
Circle: The set of all points that are the same distance
from a center points
Radius: a segment whose endpoints are the center and
a point on the circle
Example #1:
The coordinates of the endpoints of LG are (-3, -2) and
(8, 9) respectively. What are the coordinates of its
midpoint M?
−3 + 8 −2 + 9 5 7
𝑀=[ + ] 𝑀= ,
2 2 2 2

Transcript: ENTERESO, Steffi Tricia B 1

Diameter: A segment that goes through the center and If you actually perform the multiplication you’ll find that
end points are points on the circle 5! = 120

A rather special case is 0! This is defined as equal to 1

Equation of a Circle
(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
Center: (h, k)
Radius: r
Standard Form of the Equation of a Circle
The standard equation of a circle with a center at (h, k)
and a radius of r units is (x − h)2 + (y − k)2 = r 2 . The
values of h and k indicate that the circle is translated h
units horizontally and k units vertically from the origin

If the center of the circle is at the origin, the equation of

the circle is 𝑥 2 + y 2 = r 2

Permutation
Permutation is an arrangement of ‘n’ different objects
with consideration given to the order of the objects,
Notice, ORDER MATTERS
The number of permutation of n objects take n at a time
is:
𝑛! 𝑛! 𝑛!
𝑛𝑃𝑛 = = = = 𝑛!
(𝑛 − 𝑛)! 0! 1
General form of the Equation of Circle 𝑛! = 𝑛 × (n − 1) × (n − 2) … 1
The general form of the equation of a circle is Example:
𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑦 2 + 𝐶𝑦 + 𝐷𝑦 + 𝐸 = 0 1. 5P5
Example #1 2. 7P7
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 6𝑦 − 23 = 0
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 1 = 0 The number of permutation n objects taken r at a time
is defines as,
Example #2: 𝑛!
𝑛𝑃𝑟 =
Center: (2, 7) (𝑛 − 𝑟)!
Radius: 6 Where 𝑛 ≥ 𝑟
(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 7)2 = 62 Example:
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 + 𝑦 2 − 14𝑦 + 49 = 36 1. 5P3
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 − 14𝑦 + 17 = 0
2. 10P3
Lesson 3: Permutation
Factorial 3. 11P5
The factorial function says to multiply all whole
numbers from our chosen number down to 1 with the
symbol ‘!’ Distinguishable Permutation
The equation 5×4×3×2×1 The number of distinguishable permutations, P, of n
is written as 5!, objects where p objects are alike, q objects are like r
Which is read as five factorial objects are alike and so on. It is defined as,
𝑛!
𝑝! 𝑞! 𝑟! …

Transcript: ENTERESO, Steffi Tricia B 2

Example #1:
In how many ways can the letter of the word STATISTICS Example #1
be arranged? In how many ways can a committee consisting of 4
n= 10 members be formed from 8 people?
S=3
T=3 8P4
I=2
Example #2
Example #2: Suppose now, that you are asked to form different
In how many ways can the letter of the of the words be triangles out of 4 points plotted, say, A, B, C, and D, of
arranged? which no three are collinear.
a) MATHEMATICS 4P3
n= 11
M= 2 Lesson 4: Probability
A= 2
Vocabulary
T= 2
b) CANON
 Experiment - Activities such as rolling a die,
n= 5 tossing a coin, or randomly choosing a ball
N= 5 from a box which could be repeated over
and over again and which have well-defined
Circular Permutation results.
The number of permutation of n objects around a circle  Outcome - The results of an experiment.
is defined as (𝑛 − 1)  Sample Space – The set of all outcomes in
an experiment.
Example:
 Event – A subset of the sample space.
In how many ways can 4 people be arranged to sit
 Trial – Repetition of an event. (Trial yung
around a circular table?
number of times na gagawin ung experiment.
(𝑛 − 1)! = (4 − 1)! = 3! = 6 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠
Each trial has one outcome. Example you will
toss a coin twice, 2 trial un)
Lesson 4: Combination
It is taking r things from a set of n things without
replacement and where order is not important. It’s Probability
defined as,  It is the measure of how likely something
𝑛! will occur
𝑛𝐶𝑟 =
(𝑛 − 𝑟)! 𝑟!  Probability is a number between 0 and 1
Where n is the number of things from the set and r is
the number of things taken.

What’s the Difference? Types of Event

When the order does matter it is a Permutation.
 The different arrangement of books in a shelf is
permutation. Reordering/rearranging the books
is different from each other.
When the order doesn't matter, it is a Combination.
 Fruit salad is a combination of sliced apples,
grapes and pineapples. We don't care what
order the fruits are in, they could also be
“pineapples, grapes and apples" or "grapes,
apples and pineapples", it’s the same fruit
salad.
Sample point – each outcome in a sample
space. Also called element/member of the
sample space
 Simple Event – If an event E has only one
sample point in sample space
 Compound Event – If an event has more
than one sample point. Consist of more
than 2 outcomes
Probability of Simple Event
If each of the outcome in a sample space is equally
likely to occur, then the probability of an event E, is
denoted as P(E) is given by

Transcript: ENTERESO, Steffi Tricia B 3

 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟 3. M(3, 5) and B(-3, 2)
𝑃(𝐸) =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
or
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑃(𝐸) =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 4. C(4, 3) and K(-4, -3)

Example #1
Two fair of coins are flipped
𝑆 = {𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝑇, 𝑇𝐻} 5. J(-5, -1) and E(8, 6)

B. Give the standard and general form

1. Center (2, 4) Radius 6

a) Probability of getting at least one head 2. Center (-4, 9) Radius 12

𝐴 = {𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝐻}
3
𝑃(𝐸) = = 0.75 = 75%
4
3. Center (6, 1) Radius 9
Example #2
Three coins are flipped
𝑆 = {𝐻𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻, 𝐻𝑇𝑇, 𝑇𝐻𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝑇𝑇}
4. Center (8, -7) Radius 15

5. Center (5, 5) Radius 5

a) Getting two tails
𝐴 = {𝐻𝑇𝑇, 𝑇𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝑇𝑇}
4
𝑃(𝐸) = = 0.5 = 50% C. Transform general form to standard Form
8
b) Getting exactly one tail 1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 11
𝐵 = {𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝐻}
3
𝑃(𝐸 ) = ≈ 0.375 ≈ 37.5%
8 2. 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 − 20𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 2 = 0

Exercises
A. Find the distance and the midpoint of the 3. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 8𝑦 − 84 = 0
given
1. I(0, 0) and L(6, 8)
4. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 28 = 0

2. U(5, 11) and S(9, 5) 5. 9𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 − 12𝑥 − 6𝑦 − 31 = 0

Transcript: ENTERESO, Steffi Tricia B 4

 D. Solve the problem 2. Checking out 4 library books from a list of 8
1. 5P 5 books for a research.
2. 9P 3
3. 6P 4
4. 7P 7
5. 11P8
3. How many hockey teams of 6 players can be
formed from 14 players without regard to
E. How many distinguishable permutations are
position played?
there for the word
A) BUSINESS

B) SLEEPLESS 4. Choosing the 1st, 2nd, 3rd place finishers in a race

with 10 competitors

C) CHOICE

F. Solve the Problem. 5. Electing 4 people to a municipal planning board

1. How many ways can 8 people be seated at a from a field of 7 candidates
circular table?

H. Solve the problem

2. How many different arrangements of 8 balls are 1. A six-sided die it tossed
possible in a circle? a) Probability of getting a 2

b) Probability of getting a 3 or 5

3. In how many ways can four couples be seated

at a round table if the men and women want to
sit alternately? c) Probability of getting a number that is at
most 4

G. Determine whether the problem is a

permutation and combination. Then find the d) Probability of getting a number that is
probabilities. greater than 3
1. Seating 8 students in 8 seats in the front row of
the auditorium

e) Probability of getting a number that is less

than or equal to 5

Transcript: ENTERESO, Steffi Tricia B 5