Chapter 1 AHTAM: Automatic Hand Sanitizing, Temperature and

Attendance Monitoring Prototype

Consistent school attendance is widely acknowledged as one of the most effective

strategies for preparing a child for future success. Access to quality education is often the

key to breaking the cycle of poverty in economically disadvantaged communities. However,

educators face significant challenges in imparting knowledge and skills to their students

when a substantial proportion of them are consistently absent (Gonzales, 2017). Such

students are more likely to engage in criminal activities or become victims of crime.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), investments in children's

health, nutrition, safety, and education are essential for a country's development (WHO,

2021). Good health is also critical for optimal learning outcomes, and it is imperative that

children are in good health to attend school regularly (Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention [CDC], 2021). However, schools often fail to promote health through education,

and both students and staff are at risk in many schools (CDC, 2021). With greater resources,

these risks could be significantly reduced or eliminated (WHO, 2021).

Schools play a pivotal role in supporting wellness, preventing illness and injury,

and mitigating risks, as highlighted by the World Health Organization (WHO) (2021a).

The WHO emphasizes that the concept of school health involves a range of interconnected

elements, including health education, health services, a healthy environment, physical

education and recreation, school and community health projects, psycho-social counseling,

staff health promotion programs, nutrition and feeding programs, and other initiatives

aimed at enhancing national health (WHO, 2021b). To avoid irrelevant, duplicative, or

1
conflicting actions and to optimize resource utilization, effective planning and coordination

of the various components of school health are necessary (WHO, 2021a).

Recognizing the necessity for a comprehensive device to monitor students'

attendance, body temperature, and promote proper hand sanitation, the researchers have

embarked on developing the Automatic Hand Sanitizing, Temperature, and Attendance

Monitoring Prototype using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. By

incorporating these innovative features, the process of temperature screening and

attendance recording becomes more efficient and convenient. The prototype is designed to

be compact and stationary, utilizing a laptop as the primary power source during testing.

However, it is important to note that any 5V power supply can be employed according to

individual preferences, including the option of using a power bank. Furthermore, it is

equipped with the capability to provide real-time information to parents or guardians

regarding their child's arrival and departure times from school. The collected data is stored

in a database, specifically on a Secure Digital memory card or SD card, in text file format.

Additionally, the prototype includes automatic hand sanitization for students. This research

aims to contribute to the advancement of proper hand sanitation and safety practices

through the utilization of innovative technology.

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of the study centers on the development and

implementation of the AHTAM (Automatic Hand Sanitizer, Temperature, and Attendance

Monitoring) prototype using Arduino boards and the Arduino IDE. It aims to address the

lack of a comprehensive device that can simultaneously monitor hand hygiene, temperature,

2
 and attendance. The framework incorporates existing technologies such as RFID for

attendance tracking, thermal sensors for temperature measurement, and hand sanitizers for

promoting hygiene.

Lack of comprehensive Existing

device for hand Technologies
Gaps Proposed solutions
sanitation, temperature, and
and attendance Information
monitoring that can send

• RFID technology Limited integration

for attendance of hand hygiene,
tracking. temperature
AHTAM
• Thermal sensors monitoring, and
Prototype
for temperature attendance tracking
measurement. in existing
• Hand sanitizers for solutions.
promoting hygiene.

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Identified gaps in current solutions include the limited integration of hand hygiene,

temperature monitoring, and attendance tracking. This highlights the need for a combined

device that can effectively perform these functions in an educational setting. The proposed

solution is the development of the AHTAM prototype, which integrates RFID technology

for attendance recording, utilizes infrared thermal sensors for temperature measurement,

and provides automatic hand sanitization functionality. The prototype also includes real-

time data relay to parents and guardians and securely stores data in a database on an SD

card. The study aims to create an efficient AHTAM prototype that enhances hand hygiene,

3
temperature monitoring, and attendance recording. By adhering to the conceptual

framework, the researchers contribute a comprehensive solution to these critical aspects.

Research Questions

This research aims to answer the following questions:

1. Is the AHTAM prototype accurate in terms of:

1.1. checking the temperature.

1.2. checking the attendance; and

1.3. sending information?

Significance of the Study

The study's findings will benefit the following:

School. Students, teachers, and parents will benefit from the study's findings, as it

will help keep them safe and always protected.

Community. The community can use the AHTAM prototype to safeguard people's

health. It can be used for monitoring and tracking purposes.

Workplaces. Workers can use the AHTAM prototype at work as an attendance

record book, as it also serves as a health and monitoring gadget.

Future Researchers. The study's findings will provide new knowledge and

inspiration to individuals who wish to research medical robots. This study will help them

improve and innovate the AHTAM prototype.

4
Scope and Limitations

The objective of this research was to develop an innovative prototype that

integrated hand-sanitizing, temperature monitoring, and attendance recording

functionalities into a single device. For the testing phase, the researchers utilized two (2)

RFIDs, one (1) card, and one (1) tag. The Arduino IDE was employed as the programming

tool, and certain limitations were encountered during its use.

A notable limitation of the study was the requirement to directly program each

RFID into the Arduino boards or microcontrollers. Due to time restrictions and the

researchers' limited experience, this criterion was necessary. The prototype is only meant

to be used for small-scale testing. As a result, individual RFID cards for each student were

not provided. Instead, the respondents were instructed to use the programmed RFID card

(1) and tag (1) provided.

Initially, the study aimed to incorporate a feature that would send customized

messages to parents or guardians in the event of a student's temperature exceeding 37.5°C

or to notify them of the student's arrival or departure from the school. However, due to the

limited memory and processing power of the Arduino boards, coupled with the complexity

of the coding required, this feature could not be implemented. Nevertheless, the SMS

notification function remained operational, albeit limited to sending a single programmed

message. Additionally, during the testing phase, respondents were given the freedom to

select the phone number they wished to use for receiving notifications. The prototype was

powered by a laptop during the data collection phase due to its convenience and portability.

5
 During data collection, the researchers stored the gathered information in a text file

within a Secure Digital (SD) card database. The primary source of data was obtained

through messages, which served as the basis for data collection. An infrared thermal sensor

was used in the AHTAM prototype to measure participants' temperatures. Furthermore,

strict adherence to government regulations was ensured to maintain ethical and secure

practices throughout the study.

The development of the AHTAM prototype took place in a designated location

approved by the research advisers. Specifically, the testing phase occurred in the Grade 12-

Davy classroom at Gusa Regional Science High School—X, situated on the first floor of

the SHS building, room no. 1. All necessary permissions were obtained for this purpose.

The research advisers closely supervised the prototype during the testing phase to ensure

its effectiveness and safety. The entire development process was completed within a period

of two (2) months.

Definition of Terms

AHTAM. The term “AHTAM” means Automatic Hand Sanitizing, Temperature,

and Attendance Monitoring. It is a prototype capable of communicating Health and

Attendance information.

Ethanol. Also known as ethyl alcohol, is a type of alcohol that is commonly used

as a disinfectant.

Infrared Thermal Sensor. A sensor that is used to measure temperature by

detecting and converting thermal energy into an electrical signal.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). a form of wireless communication that

6
incorporates the use of electromagnetic or electrostatic coupling in the radio frequency

portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to uniquely identify an object, animal or person.

Secure Digital (SD) card. a tiny flash memory card designed for high-capacity

memory and various portable devices.

Arduino IDE. a software platform used for programming Arduino boards and

microcontrollers.

7
 Chapter 2
Literature Review

This chapter explores the vital role of a comprehensive health and monitoring

system in educational institutions. It highlights the importance of temperature monitoring,

hand sanitization, automatic attendance tracking, real-time monitoring systems, and SMS

notifications. By integrating RFID technology, contactless attendance systems, and non-

contact automated hand sanitizers, schools can enhance student safety and streamline

administrative procedures. Additionally, the chapter emphasizes the significance of

temperature monitoring systems and effective communication channels between parents

and teachers. These advancements contribute to student well-being and improved

communication within the school community.

Importance of Health and Monitoring System

Ensuring the protection and safety of students in schools is of utmost importance to

parents, children, and school management (Cruz & Hernandez, 2022). According to Zhao

et al. (2021), temperature monitoring and hand washing are critical measures for reducing

the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Monitoring has proven to be a valuable tool for

healthcare professionals and public health experts, enabling the collection of data on

pandemics and facilitating effective clinical input (Watson et al., 2020). The use of

monitoring systems to assess the health of students is essential for addressing concerns

about their overall well-being.

Fingerprinting is one of the most commonly used monitoring systems worldwide,

as noted by Chandramohan et al. (2017). Although it is highly effective and safe, it requires

8
contact with hands, which increases the risk of infection, particularly in the context of the

COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, contactless monitoring systems, such as radio

identification frequency (RFID), have gained popularity due to their superior speed and

efficiency (Khanam et al., 2014).

Automatic Attendance Monitoring and Real-Time Monitoring System

Attendance monitoring is an essential aspect of education, as it correlates positively

with student performance (Rahni et al., 2015). To address attendance-related issues,

various automatic attendance monitoring systems have been developed, including

fingerprint authentication, barcode, QR code, and radio frequency identification (RFID)

(Santuso & Sari, 2019). However, the use of fingerprint authentication has limitations, such

as potential line-up issues and compliance with health protocols, especially during the

COVID-19 pandemic (Ula et al., 2021; Cruz & Hernandez, 2022). Therefore, other

technologies such as RFID have been explored for attendance monitoring in schools.

RFID technology can identify objects automatically using various techniques,

including smart cards and finger-pointing techniques (Singh, 2017). The use of RFID-

based attendance systems in schools has been found to be effective in improving attendance

procedures and reducing time-consuming manual tasks (Akbar et al., 2018). Additionally,

the integration of a real-time monitoring system using a Real Time Clock Module (RTC)

has been proposed to address the issue of inaccurate school bells operated manually

(Mahmood, 2022).

Furthermore, the combination of RFID and RTC technologies can enhance the

efficiency and accuracy of attendance monitoring in schools. The RTC ensures that

9
attendance is recorded in real-time, while RFID technology facilitates automatic

identification of students (Lim et al., 2009). This system can help schools maintain accurate

attendance records and reduce the time-consuming process of manual attendance taking

(Akbar et al., 2018).

In conclusion, automatic attendance monitoring systems that use RFID technology

and real-time monitoring systems based on RTC can improve attendance procedures and

reduce manual tasks in schools. Future research can explore the integration of these

technologies to develop more efficient and accurate attendance monitoring systems in

educational institutions.

Automatic Hand Sanitizer System

Since the coronavirus first emerged and spread throughout the world, the need for

sanitizers has increased (Lee et al., 2020). To apply hand sanitizer, one typically presses

the pump with their hand. As a result, there is a greater chance that a virus may spread

because so many people will come into contact with the pump handle (Bloomfield, 2007).

On the other hand, utilizing a non-contact automated hand sanitizer dispenser might be

significant for reducing contagious diseases (Das et al., 2021). The researchers employed

a light-dependent resistor (LDR) to detect the presence of human hands, which caused the

laser light to be covered and caused a dramatic reduction in the LDR sensor value. Once

the LDR sensor value rises above the lower threshold, the microcontroller activates the

pump, which then releases the alcohol through the nozzle.

10
SMS Notification

Cellular communication networks employ a standard called the Global System for

Mobile Communication (GSM). GSM is one of the most widely used cell technologies

currently. This module sends text messages automatically (DPS Telecom 2018).

Communication plays a vital role in our world today. The most utilized mobile

communication network today is the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication)

network (Yuchun et al., 2011). In the study of Nkalo et al. (2019), the RFID card is scanned,

and a microcontroller sends a signal to the GSM module which then sends a short message

notification to the designated phone. Everything begins with the RFID reader processing

whether the card number is valid, after which access is authorized to send SMS

notifications. Thus, it automatically sends any information without having to manually text

it. Mansor et al., (2019) constructed a security system based on RFID and GSM

Technology for school buses. Contacting and notifying parents about the security of the

students plays a vital role to give peace of mind to the parents/ guardians of the students.

The development of this technology helps the overall welfare of both students and parents.

Temperature Monitoring System

Temperature monitoring is a crucial aspect in combating the COVID-19 pandemic,

as emphasized in various studies. Mondal (2020) developed a wireless sensor network

connected to a microprocessor for continuous body temperature monitoring, which is

supplied to a database for remote monitoring. This user-portable device can aid in tracking

the well-being of individuals, thus contributing to their overall welfare.

11
 To prevent the spread of infection, the World Health Organization (WHO) released

guidelines on how to protect oneself, which include regular body temperature checks (Rojo

et al., 2020). Mercury-based thermometers are considered outdated due to their contact-

based nature, whereas non-contact thermal assessment tools such as thermal imaging

devices have gained popularity in recent times. According to scientific research, these

devices can accurately measure surface skin temperature when used correctly (Rojo et al.,

2020). Goh et al. (2021) also noted that infrared thermometers can measure surface

temperature without direct contact by detecting the amount of thermal radiation emitted by

an object. Infrared thermometers are commonly used in hospitals and public areas for self-

monitoring and screening.

Cruz and Hernandez (2022) conducted a two-part investigation, wherein the initial

part involved identification cards and barcodes for attendance tracking, while the second

part focused on designing a temperature monitoring system using an Arduino setup. The

study aims to enhance student safety amidst the pandemic and proposes school information

systems to address school-related threats. Moreover, effective communication between

parents and teachers is essential in monitoring student attendance and achievement (Ozmen

et al., 2022). Therefore, research combining high-tech monitoring of attendance and health

with parent-teacher communication would be beneficial in academic institutions.

12
 Chapter 3
Methodology
Design

The present study adopted a pre-experimental research design, specifically

employing a one-shot case study design. The one-shot case study design entailed

introducing an intervention to a single group and subsequently measuring the outcomes,

which in our study were evaluated through a survey by the respondents. It is important to

note that this design did not incorporate a pre-intervention measurement or a comparison

group, although it provided valuable insights into the effects of the intervention.

Setting

Figure 2. Satellite Image of Gusa Regional Science High School-X (Google Earth, n.d.)

The study was conducted on the premises of Gusa Regional Science High School-

X. To test the efficiency of the prototype, thirty (30) respondents from the Grade 12-Davy

student body, including their class adviser, were involved. This test took place in the Grade

12 – Davy classroom and was evaluated by the respondents through a survey provided by

the researchers.

13
 The selection of the study location was carefully considered based on its

convenience and suitability for data collection. By conducting the research on school

premises, the researchers anticipated simplicity and ease in gathering data from the

participants. It was believed that this study would provide valuable insights and contribute

to the existing body of knowledge in the field.

Research Ethics

This study did not pose any potential harm to the participants, as the researcher's

instruments did not make direct contact with them, except for the RFID card and tag.

However, it is important to note that these items were thoroughly disinfected after every

test. Furthermore, the prototype utilized by the researchers had been meticulously designed

to ensure that no physical contact was necessary other than that (RFID Card and Tag), thus

providing robust safety measures that effectively reduced the risk of exposure to diseases

that could be transmitted through physical contact. These stringent measures were

implemented to prioritize the safety and well-being of the participants throughout the study.

14
Materials

The study's reference materials concentrate on the development of the prototype and the

equipment required for data collection. The following supplies were used by the researchers to

construct the prototype.

a.) b.)

c.) d.)

15
e.) f.)

g.) h.)

i.) j.)

16
k.) l.)

m.) n.)

o.) p.)

17
q.) r.)

s.) t.)

u.) v.)

18
w.) x.)

a.) Arduino Uno m.) Relay Module

b.) Arduino Nano n.) Soldering Iron and Lead
c.) GSM Module o.) USB Cable
d.) RTC Module p.) Jumper Wires
e.) LCD q.) Sim Card
f.) RFID Sensor r.) SD Card & Adapter
g.) RFID Card s.) CR2032 Battery
h.) RFID Tag t.) 5V Water Dispenser Pump
i.) Infrared Thermal Sensor u.) Alcohol Bottle
j.) SD Card Module v.) Glue Gun & Stick
k.) Large Breadboard w.) Chipboard
l.) Small Breadboard x.) Plastic Tube

Figure 3. Materials of the Study

19
 Respondents and Sampling

The participants for this study will consist of thirty (30) Grade 12 - Davy students

at Gusa Regional Science High School-X. Convenience sampling were chosen as the

most suitable sampling method for the AHTAM prototype study, considering its

advantages in terms of accessibility, time and cost efficiency, and relevance to prototype

testing. The selection of participants from the Grade 12-Davy student body at the school

was based on their ready accessibility, enabling efficient data collection and evaluation

of the prototype's performance and user experience within an authentic educational

setting.

Data Gathering Procedure

During the initial phase of data collection, a formal letter of consent was formally

addressed to the school principal of Gusa Regional Science High School-X, requesting

permission to conduct the study involving the AHTAM prototype within the premises of

the school. Following the acquisition of appropriate consent, the researchers proceeded by

following the outlined steps as presented in Figure 3.

Wiring of Programming Assembling of Testing the

Gathering of Gathering of
AHTAM of AHTAM AHTAM AHTAM
Materials data
Prototype Prototype Prototype Prototype

Figure 4. Chart of the data gathering procedure for this research study

20
 In order to evaluate the accuracy of temperature measurements obtained from the

AHTAM prototype, a comparative analysis was undertaken, utilizing a commercially

available thermometer as a reference benchmark for testing purposes. Given the absence

of a reliable basis for comparison, the evaluation primarily focused on assessing the

promptness and precision of the recorded information stored and transmitted within the

database. This encompassed student names, corresponding temperatures, and timestamps.

A comprehensive checklist was utilized to meticulously verify the accuracy of the

prototype's performance in both recording and transmitting information.

Additionally, the efficacy of SMS notifications in delivering messages to the phone

numbers provided by the respondents was assessed to determine the overall efficiency of

the system. These assessments were conducted with the utmost attention to detail, strictly

adhering to established research protocols and procedures, thereby ensuring the robustness

and validity of the resulting findings.

Figure 5. Schematic Diagram of AHTAM Prototype

21
Research Instruments and Scoring

The research instrument selected for data collection was an evaluation survey

conducted through Google Forms. This choice was made to enhance accessibility and

streamline the process of collecting responses. The evaluation survey provided participants

with the opportunity to offer feedback and assess the AHTAM prototype based on their

firsthand experience during the testing phase.

The survey employed a Likert scale, a widely recognized and utilized rating scale

in research, to quantitatively measure participants' attitudes, opinions, and experiences.

This structured format allowed participants to express their perceptions and evaluations

regarding the performance, usability, and effectiveness of the prototype. By adopting the

Likert scale, standardized measurements were ensured, enabling systematic analysis of the

collected data. It is important to note that the sample questionnaire for the survey can be

found in the appendices section of this research, providing a comprehensive view of the

questions posed to the participants.

Validity and Reliability of the Instruments

The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the

instruments utilized to assess the effectiveness of our device in terms of temperature

checking, attendance monitoring, and information transmission. To gather responses from

participants, a Likert scale was employed as the measurement instrument. The current

section is dedicated to examining the validity and reliability of the Likert scale

implemented in the study. Furthermore, the collected data, including SMS notifications

22
and recorded information, was manually compared by the researchers. They employed a

comprehensive checklist to assess the accuracy of the prototype in terms of information

transmission and recording. It is important to note that the checklist used can be found in

the appendices section of this research, providing a comprehensive view of the terms

considered in conducting the comparison.

Testing and Evaluation

To effectively assess the device's performance, we have selected the Grade 12-

Davy classroom as the testing environment and enlisted participants who will actively

engage in the experiment. The primary objective of this testing phase is to address the

research questions through a series of well-designed experiments utilizing the instrument

or device, followed by comprehensive questionnaire responses from the participants. The

data collected will be systematically gathered and utilized for our comprehensive analysis.

This analysis will serve as the foundation for evaluating the research paper.

Data Analysis
In this study, we employ descriptive and numerical statistics to summarize and

describe survey responses. Through frequencies, percentages, means, and standard

deviations, we provide an overview of efficiency ratings or feedback. Descriptive statistics

explore tendencies, variability, and distribution, while mean values indicate the average

rating and standard deviation reveals data dispersion. These statistics allow us to present

data comprehensively, gauge prevalence and viewpoints, and derive valuable insights. By

employing this approach, we contribute to a deeper understanding of participants'

perceptions and enhance the rigor of our study.

23
 Chapter 4
Results and Discussion
This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the results and analysis derived

from the quantitative data obtained in the study. Additionally, it encompasses the

compilation process of the questionnaire and presents an in-depth analysis of the

quantitative findings. To better contextualize the findings, they are compared with relevant

existing literature and previous research findings, whenever applicable. By examining

similarities and differences between this study and prior studies, we can gain valuable

insights into the research topic. For a detailed understanding of the research approach

employed, Chapter 3 extensively elaborates on the research methodology used in this study.

Problem 1: Is the AHTAM prototype accurate in terms of:

1.1. checking the temperature.

1.2. checking the attendance; and

1.3. sending information?

During the testing phase, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted to assess the

accuracy of temperature readings obtained from the AHTAM prototype thermometers. In

order to establish a benchmark for comparison, a commercially available infrared

thermometer was employed. A total of thirty (30) data points were gathered by measuring

temperatures concurrently using both the AHTAM prototype thermometers and the

commercial infrared thermometer.

Subsequently, a t-test of equal variances was performed, as presented in Table 1, to

investigate the degree of agreement between the temperature readings recorded by the

AHTAM prototype thermometers and those obtained from the commercial infrared

24
thermometer. The obtained results indicate that the p-value of 0.770 is greater than the

predetermined significance level of 0.05. This indicates that there is no statistically

significant difference between the temperature readings obtained from the AHTAM

prototype thermometer and the commercially available infrared thermometer. As a result,

it can be concluded that the AHTAM prototype thermometer accurately measures

temperature.

Therefore, based on the rigorous evaluation and statistical analysis conducted, we

can confidently assert that the AHTAM prototype thermometer demonstrates accuracy in

its temperature readings when compared to the established benchmark provided by the

commercial infrared thermometer.

Table 1

T-test table on AHTAM Thermometer and Commercialized Thermometer

Thermometer n M SD t-stat df p-value t Critical

AHTAM 30 36.220 0.460 -0.294 58 0.770 2.002

Commercialized
30 36.254 0.426
Thermometer
Note. M and SD are used to represent mean and standard deviation, respectively. Significant at the p<0.05
level. T-crit is one-tail.

In order to evaluate the precision of attendance recording by the AHTAM

prototype, a comparison was made between the data stored on the SD card and the SMS

notifications received by the respondents. The objective was to assess the consistency

between the collected data and the information transmitted through the prototype. A

thorough analysis was conducted using a comparison checklist provided in Appendix E,

25
which revealed that all 30 respondents received an SMS message that precisely

corresponded with the attendance data recorded by the AHTAM prototype.

The obtained findings present compelling evidence of the AHTAM prototype's

proficiency in accurately capturing attendance information and ensuring its reliable

transmission. It is noteworthy that a significant majority of the participants, specifically

80%, expressed strong agreement, as indicated in Table 2, regarding the prototype's

capability to precisely record attendance. This endorsement from the respondents further

strengthens the prototype's effectiveness in fulfilling its intended purpose. The substantial

level of agreement emphasizes the positive reception and the high degree of confidence

placed in the AHTAM prototype's performance in accurately capturing and documenting

attendance data.

The precision of the SMS notification feature was assessed by comparing the

received SMS messages with the recorded data, as evident in Table 2. The results

unambiguously demonstrate that all 30 respondents received SMS messages that perfectly

aligned with the stored data, as illustrated in Figure 6. This alignment provides indisputable

evidence of the prototype's ability to maintain synchronization between the transmitted

information and the saved records. These collective findings firmly underscore the

prototype's efficacy and reinforce its capacity to reliably facilitate communication through

SMS notifications.

26
 a.) b.)
Figure 6.
a.) SMS received by respondent A b.) Data saved on the SD card

Table 2
Frequency of the recently conducted AHTAM survey.
Strongly Strongly
Construct Agree Neutral Disagree
Agree Disagree
Prototype Thermometer Accuracy 46.70% 30% 13.30% 6.70% 3.30%

Recording Attendance Accuracy 80% 20% 0% 0% 0%

Sending SMS Notification 90% 10% 0% 0% 0%

Prototype works accurately w/out
63.3% 30% 6.7% 0% 0%
malfunction
AHTAM Prototype Rating 56.7% 36.7% 6.7% 0% 0%

Moreover, the data obtained from the conducted survey, as presented in Table 2,

further accentuates the prototype's effectiveness in sending SMS notifications promptly

and delivering accurate content. Specifically, a significant majority of respondents,

precisely 90%, expressed strong agreement in relation to the prototype's proficiency in

timely and precise SMS notifications. These findings serve as compelling evidence,

shedding light on the heightened level of satisfaction and confidence among users with

regard to the reliability and accuracy of the SMS notification functionality.

27
 Chapter 5
Summary, Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations

Summary

Chapter 1 emphasizes the paramount importance of consistent school attendance

in fostering a child's success and underscores the pivotal role of education in breaking the

cycle of poverty. Within this context, the chapter highlights the urgent need for schools to

prioritize health and safety measures through effective planning and coordination. To

address the existing gap in monitoring hand hygiene, temperature, and attendance in

schools, the Automatic Hand Sanitizing, Temperature, and Attendance Monitoring

(AHTAM) prototype is introduced. By harnessing the power of RFID technology for

attendance tracking, thermal sensors for temperature measurement, and automatic hand

sanitization functionality, the AHTAM prototype not only advances hand sanitation

practices but also reinforces safety protocols within educational settings.

Transitioning to the subsequent section, the second chapter presents a

comprehensive review of the existing literature concerning health and monitoring systems

in educational institutions. This thorough examination delves into the significance of

temperature monitoring, hand sanitization, automatic attendance tracking, real-time

monitoring systems, and SMS notifications. The chapter explores the integration of RFID

technology, contactless attendance systems, and non-contact automated hand sanitizers as

means to enhance student safety and streamline administrative procedures. Additionally, it

emphasizes the crucial role of temperature monitoring systems and highlights the necessity

of establishing effective communication channels between parents and teachers.

28
 In the third chapter, the research methodology employed in this study is explained.

Utilizing a pre-experimental research design, specifically a one-shot case study design, the

intervention of the AHTAM prototype is introduced to a single group, and the outcomes

are measured through a survey completed by the respondents. The chapter provides

detailed information regarding the participants, materials utilized, and procedures

implemented throughout the study. Furthermore, it acknowledges the inherent limitations

of the research, such as the requirement for direct programming of each RFID and the

constraints posed by the restricted memory and processing power of the Arduino boards.

Findings

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of our prototype's

capabilities in temperature checking, attendance recording, and sending SMS notifications.

The aim was to develop an innovative prototype that could perform multiple functions

within a single device.

Temperature Checking Accuracy

To assess the accuracy of the temperature-checking feature, we compared our

AHTAM prototype thermometer with a commercial thermometer. The results

demonstrated that the AHTAM thermometer was accurate in checking temperature, as

indicated by the comparison. Statistical analysis confirmed the accuracy of the AHTAM

thermometer, with the p-value being greater than the significance level. Additionally, a

survey conducted among the participants supported these findings, with 46.70% strongly

agreeing and 30% agreeing that the temperature readings were accurate.

29
Accuracy of Sending SMS Notifications:

The accuracy of the prototype in sending information, specifically SMS

notifications, was evaluated using a comparative checklist. This checklist compared the

messages sent with the data recorded in the database. The results showed that all 30

respondents accurately matched messages sent and recorded data. The survey findings

further reinforced these results, with a significant majority of 90% strongly agreeing that

the prototype was accurate in sending SMS notifications.

Accuracy of Attendance Recording:

Similarly, the accuracy of the prototype's attendance recording capability was

verified using the same comparative checklist approach. The checklist revealed that all 30

respondents had accurate attendance records that corresponded with the SMS notifications

sent. Moreover, the survey results indicated that 80% of the respondents strongly agreed

that our prototype accurately recorded attendance.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrate that the AHTAM prototype,

designed to perform temperature checking, attendance recording, and SMS notifications,

exhibits accurate and reliable performance across all three functions.

Regarding temperature checking, the AHTAM thermometer showed accuracy comparable

to that of a commercial thermometer, as indicated by the statistical analysis and survey

results. The majority of participants strongly agreed that the temperature readings were

accurate, further confirming the reliability of this feature.

30
 In terms of sending SMS notifications, the prototype demonstrated a high level of

accuracy, with all respondents reporting accurate matching between the messages sent and

the recorded data. The survey findings also supported this, with a significant majority

strongly agreeing that the prototype accurately sent SMS notifications.

The attendance recording capability of the prototype also proved to be accurate,

with all respondents reporting accurate attendance records that aligned with the SMS

notifications. The majority of participants strongly agreed with the prototype's accuracy in

recording attendance.

These findings provide strong evidence supporting the overall accuracy and

effectiveness of the AHTAM prototype in performing its multifunctional capabilities. The

successful integration of temperature checking, attendance recording, and SMS

notification features into a single device makes the AHTAM prototype a promising

solution for various applications and scenarios.

Based on these results, further development and refinement of the AHTAM

prototype can be pursued, with potential applications in areas such as healthcare, education,

and workforce management, where accurate temperature checking, attendance recording,

and information dissemination are crucial.

Recommendations

Based on the study findings, the following three recommendations are proposed to

enhance the accuracy of the AHTAM prototype in temperature checking, attendance

recording, and sending information:

31
1. Conduct further validation and calibration of the temperature checking feature.

Perform regular comparisons with reliable and certified thermometers to

ensure ongoing accuracy. This will help maintain the AHTAM prototype's

performance in providing accurate temperature readings.

2. Enhance the user interface and instructions for temperature checking. Clear

and intuitive instructions will guide users on how to use the device correctly,

ensuring accurate temperature measurements. Provide visual cues or prompts

to guide users to proper positioning and usage to minimize errors and improve

accuracy.

3. Integrate advanced identification technologies (e.g., facial recognition, RFID,

or biometric systems) to enhance the accuracy of attendance recording. These

technologies can automate the process, reducing human error and ensuring

reliable attendance data. Implement stringent data verification mechanisms to

cross-reference attendance records and minimize any discrepancies.

32
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35
APPENDICES

36
Appendix A. Letter of Approval

37
Appendix B. Consent Form

38
Appendix C. Questionnaire and Checklist

39
40
41
Appendix D. Coded Data
Table 3

Data from temperature readings

n AHTAM Thermometer Infrared Thermometer

1 35.89 35.9
2 36.28 36.3
3 36.55 36.4
4 35.85 35.8
5 35.9 36.0
6 36.07 36.2
7 36.59 36.6
8 36.6 36.6
9 36.81 36.7
10 36.56 36.6
11 35.45 35.6
12 36.89 36.7
13 36.61 36.7
14 35.41 35.5
15 35.39
35.5
16 36.44 36.5
17 35.59 35.6
18 35.37 35.4
19 36.36 36.4
20 36.14 36.2
21 35.81 35.9
22 35.97 36.1
23 36.72 36.8
24 36.47 36.5
25 36.61 36.6
26 36.53 36.6
27 36.33 36.4
28 36.29 36.3
29 36.82 36.8
30 36.31 36.4

42
 Table 4
Comparison checklist on SMS sent and data recorded

The SMS received was accurate. The data recorded was accurate.
n (Name, date and time, and (Name, date and time, and
temperature) temperature)
1 / /
2 / /
3 / /
4 / /
5 / /
6 / /
7 / /
8 / /
9 / /
10 / /
11 / /
12 / /
13 / /
14 / /
15 / /
16 / /
17 / /
18 / /
19 / /
20 / /
21 / /
22 / /
23 / /
24 / /
25 / /
26 / /
27 / /
28 / /
29 / /
30 / /

43
Appendix E. Plagiarism Report

Figure 7. Plagiarism Report

44
Appendix F. Documentation

a.) b.)

c.) d.)

45
 e.) f.)

g.) h.)

Figure 8. a.) testing of LCD with Mr. Fabrigas b.) testing of AHTAM thermometer c.) consultation for the
circuit connection with Mr. Palabon d.) testing the RFID sensor e.) programming the prototype f.) testing
the SMS notification feature g.) consultation with Mr. Fabrigas h.) testing the LCD, infrared thermometer,
and RFID sensor altogether

46
Appendix G Timetable

Table 5
Timetable of expected tasks to be accomplished in the research study.

MONTH

# Task and Activities

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN

Research Design and

1
Planning

Studying research topics and

1.1
formulate research questions

Performing literature review

1.2
of existing studies

1.3 Identifying the project title

Formulating project
1.4 strategy, design, and
planning procedures

1.5 Creation of project proposal

1.6 Prepare for project proposal

Creation of Research
2
Proposal

Submit 4 copies of Research

2.1
Proposal

2.2 Research Proposal Defense

Incorporation of the
Panelists’ suggestions,
2.3
comments, seeking
permission to gather data,

47
 and consultation with
Experts/ Research Adviser

Data Collection and

3
Analysis

Gathering and Preparation

3.1
of Materials

Assembling the AHTAM

3.2
prototype

Testing the AHTAM

3.3
prototype

Data Analysis and

3.4
Interpretation

3.5 Drawing Conclusions

Finalization of Research
4
Study

4.1 Revision of research project

Submission of drafts of full

4.2
paper

4.3 Final Research Defense

4.4 Senior High School Expo

Submission of Final edited

4.5
Capstone

5 End of Research Study

Finalization and Submission

5.1
of study’s Hardbound Copy

48
Appendix I. Financial Report

Table 6
Projected budget and expenses of the research study.

# Item Quantity Budget

1 Arduino Uno 1 pc Php 250.00

2 Arduino Nano 1 pc Php 349.00

3 GSM Module 1 pc Php 190.00

4 RTC Module 1 pc Php 119.00

5 LCD 1 set Php 125.00

6 RFID Sensor, Card, and Tag 1 set Php 119.00

7 Infrared Thermal Sensor 1 pc Php 399.00

8 SD Card Module 1 pc Php 32.00

9 Large Breadboard 1 pc Php 125.00

10 Small Breadboard 1 pc Php 50.00

11 5V Relay Module 1 pc Php 75.00

12 Soldering Iron and Lead 1 set Php 90.00

13 USB Cable 1 pc (recycled) Php 0.00

14 Jumper Wires 1 set (30 pcs) Php 115.00

15 Sim Card 1 pc Php 35.00

16 SD Card and Adapter 1 pc each Php 135.00

17 CR 2032 Battery 1 pc Php 20.00

18 5V Water Dispenser Pump 1 pc Php 120.00

19 Alcohol Bottle 1 bottle Php 60.00

20 Glue Gun and Stick 1 set Php 70.00

21 Chipboard 1 roll Php 20.00

TOTAL: Php 2,518.00

49
Appendix J. Curriculum Vitae
Llean Zachary Josh J. Abang
Blk 4 Lot 12 Gold City Village,
Balulang, Cagayan De Oro City

Cell Number: 0931-759-0945

Email: abang.lleanzacharyjosh@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: May 23, 2004

Place of Birth: El Salvador City
Age: 18
Gender: Male
Nationality: Filipino
Civil Status: Single

EDUCATION

Secondary: GUSA REGIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL – X

PUROK 4A GUSA, CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

ST. MARY’S ACADEMY OF CARMEN

VILLARIN ST. CARMEN, CDO
2017-2021
Primary: ST. MARY’S ACADEMY OF CARMEN
VILLARIN ST. CARMEN, CDO
2011-2017

ACHIEVEMENTS

6TH GRADE CLASS VALEDICTORIAN

WITH HIGH HONORS (S.Y. 2017-2021)
WITH HIGH HONORS (S.Y. 2021-2022

50
Giuseppe C. Pajaron
Purok 5 Zone 10,
Upper Carmen, Cagayan De Oro City

Cell Number: 0991-771-9221

Email: corpus.pajaron119@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: October 12, 2003

Place of Birth: Cagayan de Oro City
Age: 19
Gender: Male
Nationality: Filipino
Civil Status: Single

EDUCATION

Secondary: GUSA REGIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL – X

Purok 4-A Gusa Cagayan De Oro City
NANURI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
Taguanao, Indahag, Cagayan de Oro City
2017-2021
Primary: UPPER CARMEN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Upper Carmen, Cagayan de Oro City
2011-2017

ACHIEVEMENTS

WITH HONORS (S.Y. 2017-2021)

WITH HONORS (S.Y. 2021-2022)

51
Ivan Rey Angelo B. Tagupa
Zone 5, Ilaya Carmen,
Cagayan De Oro City

Cell Number: 0997-874-1912

Email: angeloivan49@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: August 29, 2004

Place of Birth: Cagayan de Oro City
Age: 18
Gender: Male
Nationality: Filipino
Civil Status: Single

EDUCATION

Secondary: GUSA REGIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL – X

Purok 4-A Gusa Cagayan De Oro City
Primary: WEST CITY CENTRAL SCHOOL
Zone 5 Ilaya Carmen, Cagayan de Oro City
2011-2017

ACHIEVEMENTS

WITH HONORS (S.Y. 2011-2021)

WITH HONORS (S.Y. 2017-2021)

52