According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, REASONING is an act
of giving statements for justification and explanation.
As a reader who uses reasoning in analyzing the merits of the
proposition you must ask yourself questions:
1. How well developed are the arguments?
2. Are there potential biases in the argument?
3. Is the conclusion based on presented details?
An evaluative statement is a way of giving a better explanation
to show the strength and the weaknesses of something through
writing.
An Assertion is a statement that supports the main claim.
Counterclaim is the opposition you make about the claim of a
writer. A claim that negates or disagrees with the thesis. It also
It encourages critical thinking and a deeper understanding of
the topic.
EXAMPLE: CLAIM AND COUNTER CLAIM
Claim: "Eating a vegetarian diet is the healthiest way to live.”
Counterclaim: "Vegetarian diets lack protein and can lead to
muscle weakness."
The main purpose of evaluating assertions and counterclaims is
to identify any errors or inconsistencies in the arguments.
Evidence is defined as the details given by the author to support
his/her claim. The evidence provided by the writer substantiates
the text.
What are the things that we can consider as evidence?
• facts and statistics (objectively validated information
on your subject)
• opinion from experts (leading authorities on a topic,
such as researchers or academics); and
• personal anecdotes (generalizable, relevant, and
objectively considered
RESUME is a document that contains a brief account of a
person’s education, skills, work experience, and other
qualifications. Also known as “personal marketing brochure”.
TYPES OF RESUMES
1. Chronological Resume. It lists each job you held in order,
starting with the most recent.
Disadvantage: Employment gaps may be too obvious.
Advantage: Highlights stable employment record.
2. Functional Resume. Best when you have little or too much
experience. Focuses on skills and strengths significant to
employers.
Disadvantage: Work has no detailed history.
Advantage: Lets you highlight strengths and transferable
skills.
3. Combination Resume. Balances the flexibility and strength
of the chronological and functional resumes.
Disadvantage: Usually utilizes two sheets or pages where the
work history is often on the employer may not read that far.
Advantage: Indicates strong employment record with
increasing mobility.
4. Targeted Resume. Highly focused resume intended for a
specific job; a “capsule” of work experience.
Disadvantage: May focus too firmly on one specific job or
work. Content may appear limited.
Advantage: Concise, direct, and easy to read.
APPLICATION LETTER
It is a letter that accompanies your resume and
highlights the strengths that you have listed.
PARTS OF AN APPLICATION/COVER LETTER
1. Introduction – Is a part of an application letter is used to
address the recipient.
2. Body- is a part of an application letter highlights your
relevant skills and experiences. It includes specific examples
of achievements and qualifications.
3. Conclusion – Is a part of an application letter is used to
express gratitude and restate your interest in the position.
MEMORANDUM
Memo is an abbreviation for memorandum. A memo is a
brief, written communication, especially in a business setting.
The purpose is to share information as clear and effective as
possible.
PARTS OF MEMO
1. Heading - It gives the date, recipients, sender, and the
subject or topic of the memo.
Subject: provides a summary of the content of the memo.
2. Body – Beginning, Middle, Ending
FEATURES OF TEXT ACROSS DISCIPLINE
1. Book Review/Article Review: A book/article review looks
at the quality, meaning, and significance of a work of
literature.
2. Literature Review: literature review is a critical analysis and
summary of published research and scholarly articles, books,
and other sources related to a specific research topic or
question.
3. Research Report: It presents interpretations and analyses
of a phenomenon based on experiments and previous
information so that readers can better understand it.
4. Project Proposal: Is a document that is written for problem
solving, service provision, event planning, or equipment
selling.
5. Position Paper: Is a written document that presents an
individual or organization's stance or perspective on a
particular issue or topic.
-Break a leg-