TRANSPORT PLANNING

& TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

Prof. Primitivo C. Cal, PhD, CE, TE, EnP, Atty. at Law
29 May 2019

SCURP 2019
A Basic Course in Urban and Regional Planning
Training and Extension Services Division
3/F Cariño Hall, School of Urban and Regional Planning
University of the Philippines - Diliman, Quezon City
27-31 May 2019
Outline of Presentation

• Introduction
• Transport Planning Process
• Plan Formulation
• Traffic Management
Significance of Transportation

• Promotes economic development

• Facilitates tourism development
• Facilitates social development
• Enhances national integration
 Urban Transportation Manifested and Root Problems
TRAFFIC
CONGESTION

Manifested
Problems

ETC.

Inadequate
Increased Poor Traffic
Higher Cost Recovery
income & Mgt. & Inadequate Measures
Population
vehicle Enforcement transport
Growth
ownership Facilities Inadequately
Root Increase Incompatible Poor Infra
Trained Staff

Increase urban Traffic Mix

Problems vehicle use Expansion
Maintenance
Mgt. Etc.

Incompatible Inefficiently
Inadequate
Longer Average Urban Form Density Operated
Land Use
Trip-Making Configuration Public Transport
Control
services
The Philippine Planning System
MTPDP/NFPP NEDA MTPDIP DBM Multi - yr
Annual
expend budget
plan
National
MTPDP/NFPP MTPIP •Disbursement
Expenditure
control system
Program

UBOM
RDP/RPFP
RDP/RPFP RDIP
RDIP budget
Issuances
DOF
PLPEM PDIP/AIP
• •Annual budget
Provincial
PDPFP
PDPFP Additional
•PDIP/AIP •Disbursement
Guides sources of Expenditure
control system
revenues Program
DILG Manuals
Treas, SRE, etc
City/
CDP C/MDP
Municipal City/ Municipal •Annual budget
City/Municipal
LDIP
DIP •Disbursement
Manual Development Expenditure
control system
CLUPs
Plan
Program
 Data Collection and
Analysis
Sectoral Forecasting
Formulation of Vision, Goals,
Preparation of Short-Term
and Objectives
CDP

Figure 4. CITY/MUNICIPALITY Short-Term CDP (3 years)

CLUP AND CDP PROCESS Formulation of Alternative • Sectoral Goals and

Spatial Strategies Objectives
• Strategies
• Policies,
Testing and Evaluation Programs, and
Projects

Preferred Spatial
Source: UP-SURP Strategy

CLUP Preparation and Conduct of Sectoral

Detailing Studies

CLUP (15 years) Long-Term CDP (15 years)

Operational Interpolation
Zoning Plan and between Short- and Long-
Other Tools Term CDPs
Ordinance

Medium-Term CDP (6
years)
ELA (3
Other Thrusts and YEARS)
Priorities
Applications of Transport Planning

• Formulation of spatial strategies as part of the

CLUP process
• As a sector/component in CLUP, CDP and ELA
TRANSPORT PLANNING PROCESS
 SIMPLIFIED URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS

Data Collection & Analysis

Forecasting

Goal Formulation Plan Formulation

Plan Testing

Plan Evaluation and Selection

Preparation of Implementation Program

EASTS ‘01 Oct. 24-27, 2001, Hanoi Daewoo Hotel

Features of the Process

• Dependence upon simulation

• Inclusiveness
• Formality of Process
• Objectivity
Purposes of Data Collection

• To find out what exists in the way of travel, land use and
transportation facilities
• To provide the basis for making projections of future growth
and changes in travel demand as transportation facilities must
meet future needs as well as present crises
• To demonstrate to officials and the public that a careful job has
been done
Subject matters to be forecast
• Factors affecting travel
• Transportation model parameters
• Funds available for transportation (TEA)
Formulation of Vision, Goals & Objectives

• Vision – a future desired state or scenario

• Goal – a generalized statement of direction to attain the
vision
• Objective – a specific statement that is the out-growth of
a goal. It is stated so that it is possible to measure the
extent to which it has been attained
Defining a transport vision

• Stakeholders participation
• Brainstorming sessions
• FGDs
Criteria in the formulation of Goals and Objectives

• Efficiency and economy

• Level of service
• Consumer choice and democracy
• Social equity and justice
• Environmental concerns
• Safety & Security
Safety Threat?
Example of goal and objective
• Mobility
• Goal: Improve highway level of service
• Objective: Maintain level of service “B” on all arterial
roads within 6 years
Plan Formulation

• Alternative land use and transportation plans are

formulated to meet urban growth & future travel
demand consistent with the goals and objectives
UP SURP Position Paper for
the Improvement of the
Local Planning Process
Plan Testing

•The performance of each alternative plan is

determined using a transportation planning
model. Its output is used in the plan
evaluation stage.
 TRANSPORTATION MODEL

Land Use

TRIP GENERATION

Transportation TRIP DISTRIBUTION

Networks

MODAL SPLIT

TRIP ASSIGNMENT

EASTS ‘01 Oct. 24-27, 2001, Hanoi Daewoo Hotel

Plan Evaluation

• To provide the basis for adjusting a plan or review

of goals and objectives
• To provide the needed information for the
selection of preferred plan
OPERATIONAL EVALUATION PARAMETERS, 2000 TESTS
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF 2000 TESTS
Methods of Plan Selection
• Goals Achievement Matrix
• Planning Balance Sheet
• Cost Benefit Analysis
• Others
Planning Balance Sheet Method of plan Evaluation
 Preparation of ST, MT and LT Transport Plans
Formulation of
short-term Plan

Short-term Plan Testing Operational

Plan Evaluation

Operational Formulation of
Evaluation Long-term Plans

Comprehensive Plan Plan Testing Alternative

Evaluation & Long-term Plans
Selection
Preferred
Long-term Plan

Interpolation between
Short-term & Long-term
Plans Plan Refinement

Medium-term Plan Testing &

Plan Operational Evaluation
 PLAN
FORMULATION
Instruments of Change

• Investments
• Regulation
• Pricing/Taxation
Investments
• Road building, widening, improvement
• Public Transport Improvements
• Mass Transit Systems
• Traffic Management
Regulations
• Traffic Rules
• Franchising & Rate Setting
• Service Standards
• Environmental Quality
• Safety & Security
• Development controls
Pricing/Taxation
• Fares
• Vehicle Registration Fees
• Taxes and Duties
• Parking Fees
• Real Property Taxes
ROAD NETWOKS
Simple Cross Section of an urban street

Roadway

Median sidewalk
Curb & gutter

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Typical 2-lane National Highway

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Road Capacity

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Forms & Hierarchy
1. Forms
• - Circumferential-radial system
• - Grid system
• - Warped grid system
2. Road hierarchy
• - Arterial
• - Collector
• - Local
Road Hierarchy

Primary Arterial
Secondary Arterial
Local Roads
Environmental Area Boundaries
Schematic Hierarchy of Roads
PRINCIPLES OF ARTERIAL ROAD DEVELOPMENT

• Should have a quality of continuity

• Spacing should reflect the density of trip generation
• Intersections of two arterials should be at right angles
• There should be no five or six-way intersections
ROADS TO NOWHERE
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Various Forms of PT in Philippines
Application Area of Transport Systems
PROCESS OF PLAN FORMULATION

1. Compile data:
• Planned land use map
• Regional transportation influence map, within 150 km radius
• Map showing town’s transp facilities
• List of “committed” projects
• List of proposed projects
PROCESS (2)

2. Prepare base plan, constraints and opportunities, and

Transportation Expenditure Assumption.
3. Run transportation model on base plan.
4. Note deficiencies and revise base plan to overcome
deficiencies, producing an Alternative Plan.
5. Run model on Alternative Plan.
PROCESS (3)

6.Note any deficiencies and apply corrections.

7.Run model on revised plan
8.Repeat process until satisfactory systems are
available for comparative evaluations
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
Application of Four E’s:

• Engineering
• Enactment of traffic laws and regulations
• Education
• Enforcement
Urban Transportation System
ENGINEERING

TSM
• Intersection control
• Intersection layout
• Turn prohibition
• One-way system
• Facilities for cyclists and pedestrians
ENGINEERING (2)

TDM
• Land use controls
• Traffic restraint
• Promotion of public transport
• Control of truck movements
Warrants for Traffic Control Devices

TDM
• Land use controls
• Traffic restraint
• Promotion of public transport
• Control of truck movements
 U-turn slot

No advanced signs
(At 80 kph, advanced sign should be placed at a point
that, upon perception, drivers will have at least 85 m
to the u-turn slot)

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ASSESSMENT OF U-TURN SCHEME

• Deficient design
• Lack of consideration for pedestrians
• Applied on unsuitable locations
PROPER APPLICATION OF U-TURN

• Choose location with generous carriageway width to give

straight-through vehicles same level of service or widen u-turn
sections
• Consider the turning radius of u-turning vehicles in the design of
the u-turn slot
• Install advanced traffic signs
• Provide facilities for crossing pedestrians
• If it is more cost effective than the conventional scheme

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Research Findings on the UVVRP
• 77 % of other cars were bought as alternative cars during
coding days.
• 45% of car owners own more than 1 car.
• Those who own a single car, 76% intend to buy a new car
• On coding day, 33 % used an alternative car; others (17%)
traveled within the window hours.
Analysis of the Scheme

• If alternative car is used twice a week, UVVRP would only

reduce 1.8% of car volume.
• If alternative car is used thrice a week, UVVRP would
increase 2.4 % of car volume.
• If half of those who intend to buy a new car did buy one
and use it at least once a week, UVVRP would result in
increase car volume.
Other Forms of Traffic Restraint
• Physical Restraint
• Parking Controls
• Cordon Pricing
• Supplementary Licensing
• Electronic Road Pricing (ERP)
ERP

Has two components:

• In-vehicle Unit (IU)
• Gantry
- Short-range wireless system to
communicate with the IU
- Cameras
ERP Gantry
TRAFFIC SIGN DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

• Types of signs
• Attention value
• Legibility
• Recognition
ENACTMENT OF TRAFFIC LAWS RULES
AND REGULATIONS

• Updating of National Transportation and Traffic Code

• Traffic rules and regulations
• Vehicle design standards
• Vehicle inspection and maintenance
• Driver’s licensing system
• Passage of traffic ordinance to complement the National
Code
National Transportation & Traffic Code

Findings:
- Some obsolete provisions, e.g. speed limits
- No provisions for certain traffic facilities, e.g. rotunda,
traffic signal
- Incomplete provisions for driving rules
- Lack of provisions for pedestrian facilities and non-
motorized transport

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Existing Speed Limits

Cars & MCs Trucks & Buses

Open country roads 80 kph 50 kph
Through Streets/Blvds 40 kph 30 kph
City/mun. streets 30 kph 30 kph
Crowded/hazardous Sts. 20 kph 20 kph

NOTE: LGUs are not allowed by law to change these

speed limits

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Contents of Traffic Code
• Traffic signals
• General driving rules
• Rules pertaining to traffic schemes
• One-way streets
• Parking zones and fees
• Operation of non-motorized transport
• Rights and obligations of pedestrians
EDUCATION
• Improved driver training systems
• Improved driver testing and licensing
• system
• Road safety education in schools
• Multi-media IEC campaign
• Road safety research
ENFORCEMENT

• Upgrading of enforcement techniques and logistics

• Training of traffic law enforcement
• Strict enforcement of traffic rules and regulations
Thank you for your
attention!