FORESTRY

The course combines ecology, biology, economics and social science to educate

students how to manage forest ecosystems and apply knowledge of forestry

science to help solve natural resource, environmental and energy problems. The

study of biotic and abiotic conditions that affect a forest ecosystem's health,

especially fungal pathogens and the insects that carry them, is known as forest

pathology. It is a branch of plant pathology and forestry. This is a component of

the overall strategy for protecting forests. Forest pathologists frequently serve as

coroners and forest doctors. Investigating the cause of a tree's illness or demise

has all the excitement of a detective investigation as you hunt for hints, compile

evidence, and come up with original ideas. Research on forest health is essential

to both short- and long-term strategies and can produce novel solutions. Future

forest health will greatly benefit from research on predicting the results of host-
pathogen-pest interactions in a changing environment. Research on forest health

can result in creative

CHEMISTRY

The branch of science that deals with the identification of the substances of which

matter composed; the investigation of their properties and the ways in which they

interact, combine, and change; and the use of these processes to form new

substances.There are many pesticides on the market that have been created to

control plant diseases by either stopping the pathogens' growth or by killing

them. The soil, seeds, leaves, flowers, fruit, and nematodes can all be treated with

bactericides,fungicides, and nematode-killing nematicides. We need to produce

more food as the world's population rises. The discovery of various specific-action
fungicides has been especially important in avoiding losses caused by plant

diseases.

PHYSICS

Physics is the branch of science that deals with the structure of matter and how

the fundamental constituents of the universe interact. It studies objects ranging

from the very small using quantum mechanics to the entire universe using general

relativity.The hypothesis that plants use quantum mechanics to more effectively

capture light has gained support. Photons are tiny units of light that are gathered

by plants and shuttled extremely efficiently into their cells for energy conversion.

Photosynthesis is one of these processes; it starts with water and carbon dioxide

and ends up with glucose, oxygen, and water. With the help of solar energy, it
accomplishes this. We can learn from physics how light behaves and how it

interacts with chlorophyll to cause this response.

METEOROLOGY

Meteorology is the study of the atmosphere, atmospheric phenomena, and

atmospheric effects on our weather. The atmosphere is the gaseous layer of the

physical environment that surrounds a planet. Earth's atmosphere is roughly 100

to 125 kilometers (65-75 miles) thick.There have been numerous plant disease

outbreaks brought on by properly warm temperatures during leaf wetness times.

Plant pathologists have developed weather-timed spray schemes that frequently

reduce the number of sprays necessary to control plant diseases, lowering costs

and benefiting the environment. These schemes are made possible by

measurements or estimates of the duration of leaf wetness provided by agro

meteorologists. Tools like numerical weather models with close grid spacing and
enhanced weather radar are anticipated to lessen the requirement for dense

networks of surface observations in the near future. The forecast warnings of

potential forthcoming disease outbreaks provided by the weather models will

further increase the role of agro meteorology to plant disease management.

ENTOMOLOGY

Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the

environment, and other organisms. The fields of molecular science, criminology,

forensics, chemistry, biology, human and animal health, and agriculture all benefit

greatly from the work of entomologists. There is a lot we can learn about human

diseases from studying insect pathology. To put it succinctly: insect pathology is

crucial for controlling pest species, safeguarding beneficial species, and serving as

a model system.
 WEED SCIENCE

Weed science is the study of vegetation management in agricultural production

systems, natural areas, and managed properties in residential and urban areas.

The European Weed Research Society defines weeds as "any plant or vegetation,

interfering with the objective or requirements of people," while the Weed Science

Society of Asia defines a weed as "A weed is a plant that causes economic losses

or ecological damage, created health problems for humans or animals, or is

undesirable where it is growing." Weed science has significantly increased crop

production over the course of several decades. Herbicides have been the main

method of control. The use of non-herbicidal weed control must be proven by

farmers to not raise crop failure risk or decrease profit.