BAB VII.

PERHITUNGAN LAS

Elektroda las E 60 tau = 2200 kg/cm2

Mutu baja Bj 37 / Fe tau = 1600 kg/cm2
te = 1 ( asumsi )

GAYA GESER
f3 = 8230.04 kg
f1 = #REF! kg
M = gaya x jarak
= #REF! x 4 = #REF! kgm

#REF! dari tabel baja didapat

b = #REF!cm d = #REF!cm
A = (2b + 2d) x tebal plat
= 2(17,5+24,4) x 1,4
= #REF! cm2

δ = b . d + d2/3
= #REF! cm2

TEGANGAN GAYA FERTIKAL

f'y = F3 / A
= 8230.04 / #REF!
= #REF! kg/cm2

TEGANGAN GAYA HORISONTAL

f'x = F1 / δ
= #REF! / #REF!
= #REF! kg/cm2

TEGANGAN GESER RESULTAN

fr = √ (f'y)2 + (f'x)2
= √ (146,442)² + (6,829)²
= #REF! kg/cm2
= #REF! kg/cm2 < 1600 kg/cm2

UKURAN LAS
te = fr /σ < t min ( 0.3 )
= #REF! / 1600 < t min ( 0.3 )
= #REF! < t min ( 0.3 )

a = te . √ 2
= 0,0916 x √2
= 0.3446095 ~ 0,4 cm
3.6. PERENCANAAN STRUKTUR RENCANA ATAP

3.6.1 PROFIL GORDING

1.33
4

1.33
1.33

Direncanakan profil baja Channels (150 x 65 x 20 x 3,2 )

dengan data Ix = 283 cm4
Iy = 26.30 cm4
q= 6.76 kg/m
A= 5.91 cm2
B= 50 mm 5 cm
H= 150 mm 15 cm
Wx = 37.40 cm3
Wy = 6.19 cm3
C= 20.0 mm 2 cm
t= 3.2 mm 0.32 cm
iy = 1.61 cm 16.1 mm
BJ 34 fy = 2100 kg/cm2 σijin(kg/cm2)= 1400
fu = 3400 kg/cm2
lebar bangunan = 30 m
panjang bangunan = 38 m
tinggi bangunan = 4.04 m = cm
404.10865
sudut kemiringan = 15 °

15.53 m 4.04 m

15

15 m

mencari jarak gording

sin 15 = 0.26
cos 15 = 0.97
tan 15 = 0.27
x= 15
r= x / cos α = 15.53 m
y = x * tan α = 4.041 m

direncanakan jumlah gording = 13 buah

Page 2 of 15
jarak kuda-kuda 4m 400 cm
jarak antar gording 1.29 1.29 m 129 cm

Page 3 of 15
PENUTUP ATAP
penutup atap dari lysaght trimdek 10 kg/m2
berat plafon + penggantung 0 kg/m2
kemiringan 15 o

3.6.2. PERHITUNGAN PEMBEBANAN GORDING

A. Akibat beban mati
berat sendiri gording = 6.760 kg/m
berat atap = 10.00 1.29 = 12.946 kg/m
berat plafont+gantung = 0 x 1.29 = 0.000 kg/m
= 19.71 kg/m
berat baut+ikatan (10%) = 1.97 kg/m
qm 21.68 kg/m = 0.217 kN/m

4.00

Mdx = 1/8 qm x cos α° x L² = = 41.86 kgm

Mdy = 1/8 qm x sin α° x (L/3)² = = 1.25 kgm

B. Akibat beban hidup

Beban hidup terbagi rata
Sesuai dengan PPIUC 1983 2s.3.2.2.2 hal 13 = 40-0.8α<20 kg/m2
Beban pekerja + Peralatan (P) 100 kg
Ha = 40 - 0.8 ( α° ) (qh) 28 < 20
dipakai 20
qha = 1.295 x 20 = 26 kg/m
Momen yang terjadi
* Mhx = 1/8*ql*cosα* L² = x 1/8 26 x cos 17 x 4 ² = 50.00 kgm
* Mhy = 1/8*(ql*sinα)* (L/3)² = x 1/8 26 x sin 17 x ( 4²) 3 / = 1.50 kgm

Beban hidup terpusat

*Mxl = 1/4*P*cosα * L = x 1/4 100 x cos 25 4 = 96.56 kg/m
*Myl = 1/4*Psinα*L/3 = x 1/4 100 x (x
sin 25 1.33333333 = 8.671 kg/m

C. Akibat Beban Angin

Tekanan angin ( w ) = 25 kg/m2 ( PPI pasal 4.2 ayat 2 )
=c1 0.1
PPI Pasal 4.3 ayat 1
= c 2 -0.4
w1 = c1. w. L = 0.1 x 25 kg/m2 x 1.29 = m 5.18 kg/m
w2 = c2. w. L = -0.4 x 25 kg/m2 x 1.29 = m -20.71 kg/m
Momen yang terjadi :
Mx = 1/8 x w1 x L² = 1/8 x 5.18 x 4 ² = 10.36 kgm
Mx = 1/8 x w2 x L² = 1/8 x -20.71 x 4 ² = -41.43 kgm

D. Kombinasi Pembebanan
Beban tetap (M+H)
= x= ( =+ +=) ++ ( =x x
Mx= 41.86 + 96.56 = 138.42 kg-m
My= 1.25 + 8.671 = 9.924 kg-m
Beban sementara (M+H+A)
Mx= 138.42 + 10.36 = 148.77 kg-m
My= 9.924 + 0= 9.924 K-m

Page 4 of 15
E. Kontrol Tegangan
Beban tetap (M+H)
σ = (Mx / Wx)+(2My / Wy) ≤ 1400 kg/cm2
= ( 13841.734 / 37 ) + ( 1984.81 (/ 3.095 ) ≤ σijin,tetap
= 370.100 +( 641.297
1011.4 kg/cm2 ≤σijin(kg/cm2) 1400 OK

Beban sementara (M+H+A)

σ = (Mx / Wx)+(2My / Wy) ≤ 1400 kg/cm2

= ( 14877.388 / 37 ) + ( 1984.81 (/ 3.095 ) ≤ 1,3*σijin,tetap
= 397.791 +( 641.297
1039.1 kg/cm2 ≤σijin(kg/cm2) 1820 OK

2.6.3. Kontrol==Lendutan Profil== 0,9 == ≤ kgm

f = L/360 = 400 / cm*
360 = 1.111 cm

fx = 5 x qD.Cosα.L⁴ + P.Cosα.L3
384 EI 48EIy
3
fx = 5 x 0,475 x cos17 x 650⁴ + 100 x cos25 x 650
384 2100000 x 332 48 x 2100000 x 332
fx = 0.01302 x 5358080835.6+ 6.18E+09
594300000 2.85E+10
fx = 0.1174 + 0.217 = 0.3340 cm
3
fy = 5 x qd.sinα.(L/3)⁴ + P.sinα.(L/3)
384 EI 48EIx
3
fy = 5 x 0,475 x sin17 x (650/3)⁴ + 100 x sin17 x (650/3)
384 2100000 x 53,80 48 x 2100000 x 53,80
fy = 0.01302 x 17820961.439+ 61660687
55230000 2.65E+09
fy = 0.0042 + 0.023 = 0.0275 cm

fxy = √(fx² + fy²) ≤ f

fxy = √(0,8127² + 0,0354²) ≤ f
fxy = 0.3351 cm ≤ 1.1111 cm …OK….!!!!!!

Page 5 of 15
3.7.. PERENCANAAN DIMENSI PENGGANTUNG GORDING

Penggantung gording
Kuda - kuda

Gording

129.5 cm

Jarak Penggantung gording = 1.33

400 cm

A. Pembebanan
- Beban mati :
Berat sendiri gording = berat gording x jarak penggantunggo
= 9.013 kg
Penutup atap) = 10kg/m² x jraak gording x jarak penggantun
= 17.261 kg
= 26.274 kg
Berat alat pengikat (10%) = 2.627 kg
qd = 28.902 kg
Rd = qd sinα = 33,067 x sin α = 7.52 kg

- Beban hidup
Beban terbagi rata
ql = 20 kg/m2
Rl = ql x sinα x (L/3)
= 20 x 0.260 x 1.33 = 6.94 kg

Beban terpusat
P = 100 kg
Rl = P sinα = 100 kg x 0.2601 = 26.013102 kg (menentukan)

- Beban angin
Angin tekan (q)= 0,8 x 40 kg/m² = 4.00 kg/m²
Rw = jarak gording x L/3 x q = 6.904 kg

Ra = 1,2Rd + 1,6Rl + 0,8 Rw = ( 1.2 x 7.518 ) + ( 1.6 x 26.013) + ( 0.8 x

= 9.022+41.620964 + 5.523 = 56.166 kg
Ratot = Σgording x Ra = 13 x 56.166 kg
= 730.162 kg
tan‐¹β = Panjang miring gording
Jarak penggantung gording
129.46 cm Arc tan
= = 0.971
133.33 cm
β = 32.29 ° sin 32.29 ° = 0.53
Rb sinβ = Ra
730.162
Rb = = 1377.66 kg
sin 17,969°

Page 6 of 15
B. Perencanaan Batang Tarik
Pu = 1377.66 kg
U22, fu = 3400 kg/cm²
fy = 2100 kg/cm²
Berdasarkan keruntuhan leleh ( ø = 0,9 )
Pu = ø x fy x Ag
1377.664 = 0,9 x 2100 x Ag
1377.664
Ag = = 0.729 cm²
1890
Berdasarkan keruntuhan retak ( ø = 0,75 )
Pu = ø x fu x Ae
1377.664 = 0,75 x 3400 x Ag
1377.664
Ae = = 0.540 cm²
2550
Ag = 1/4 x π x d²
0.729 = 1/4 x 3,14 x d²
0.729
d² = = 0.929
0.785
d = 0.964 cm dipakai ø = 10.0 mm
C. Kontrol kelangsingan ²
Rb = √J.penggantung G² + J.antar G² = 1.858 m = 186 cm
d > LRb /500
186
1.00 >
500.0
1.00 > 0.372 cm OK!!!! maka dipakai diameter ø= 10 mm

Page 7 of 15
3.8.PERENCANAAN DIMENSI IKATAN ANGIN

1,29m

30m

6m

A. Menghitung Gaya yang Bekerja

- Beban angin yang bekerja = 25 kg/m²
- Jarak Gording = 1.295 m
- Panjang r1 (jarak gording x 6) = 7.77 m
- Panjang r2 (jarak gording x 6) = 7.77 m
m
- y1 = sinα x r1 - x1 = cosα x r1
= sin α x 7.77 m = cos α x 7.77 m
= 2.021 m = 7.500 m
- y2 = sinα x r2 - x2 = cosα x r2
= sin α x 7.77 m = cos α x 7.77 m
= 2.021 m = 7.500 m
- A1 = 1/2 x a x t
= 0.5 x 7.500 m x 2.021 m
= 7.577 m²

- A2 = a+b x t
2

= 2.021 + 2.021 x 7.500

2
= 15.154 m²
- An1 = 0,75 x A1 - An2 = 0,75 x A2
= 0.75 x 7.577 m² = 0.75 x 15.154m²
= 5.683 m² = 11.37 m²

Page 8 of 15
 - WA1 = An1 x Pa x C
= 5.683 m² x 25 kg/m² x 0.9
= 127.863 kg
- WA2 = An2 x Pa xm²
C
= 11.366 m² 25 kg/m² 0.9
x x
= 255.725 kg

Ra = Rb = 2WA1 + 2WA2
2
2 x ( 91,579 kg + 183,158 kg )
=
2 = 383.59 kg

W1 = 1/3 x WA1
= 1/3 x 127.863kg
= 42.621 kg
A1

a W2 = 2/3 x WA2
= 2/3 x 255.725kg
W1 W2
2/3L 1/3L = 170.483 kg

Ditinjau dari tampak atas rangka atap dengan menggunakan rumus keseimbangan titik buhul didapat :
ΣV=0
Ra - W1 - S1 sinβ = 0
383.588 - 42.621 - S1 0.530 = 0
340.967
S1 = = 643.333 kg
0.530

B. Kontrol Tegangan
Direncanakan ikatan angin menggunakan baja bulat dengan diameter
=ø(d) 19 mm = 1.9 cm
= An = 0,75 (1/4.π.d²)
= 0,75 ( 1/4 x 3,14 x 1,6²)
= 2.125 cm²
σ = S1 σ ≤
An
643.333 kg
= kg/cm² 1200 ≤
2.125 cm²
= 302.690 kg/cm² kg/cm² 1200 ≤ OK!!!!!!

- Kontrol kelangsingan

L = √ r1² + J.kuda-kuda²
= √ 7.767² + 4²

= 8.737 m 873.69 cm

L/d≤ 500
873.69
≤ 500
1.9
460 ≤ 500 OK!!!!!!

Jadi, Baja bulat 19 mm dapat digunakan

4m

Page 9 of 15
ANA ATAP

Page 10 of 15
kN/m

Page 11 of 15
=

Page 12 of 15
G GORDING

x 6.904 )

Page 13 of 15
Page 14 of 15
an menggunakan rumus keseimbangan titik buhul didapat :

Page 15 of 15