SAN JOSE LITEX SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

A Qualitative Research about Exploring the live of Homeless People in

Barangay San Jose Rodriguez, Rizal

LEADER:

Pagtalunan, Khristine Cyvel R.

Submitted to:

Dr. Josephine F. Morilla

Practical Research 1 Teacher

MARCH 27, 2023

Table of Contents

Approval sheet........................................................................................................1

Acknowledgement..................................................................................................2

Dedication................................................................................................................3

Chapter 1.............................................................................................................4-12

The problem and it's settings

Introduction

Background of the study

Statement of the problem

Significance of the study

Scope and limitations

Definition of terms

Research paradigm

Conceptual framework

Chapter 2.............................................................................................................13-20

Review of related literature and studies

Foreign literature

Local literature

Foreign studies

Local studies

Chapter 3..…………………………………………………………………………….21-24

Research methodology

Research method and design

Research locale

Sampling procedure

Research instrument

Data gathering procedure

 APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Humanities and Social Sciences

(HUMSS), this research paper entitled EXPLORING THE LIVES OF HOMELESS IN

BARANGAY SAN JOSE, RODRIGUEZ, RIZAL, has been submitted by KHRISTINE

CYVEL R. PAGTALUNAN

DR. JOSEPHINE F. MORILLA CARMEN N. BLANCO

SUBJECT TEACHER ADVISER

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This research gratefully the following persons who helped the researchers all

the way through the completion of this endeavor.

Dr. Josephine F. Morilla, Subject Teacher, for giving her trust, instructions, Guidance

and Concerns to the researchers.

Prof. Carmen Blanco, Adviser, for her instructions, guidance and lovable advice.

To the Respondents, who are willingly share their experiences that will help the

researchers to support this study.

To their families who gave unconditional love and all their efforts to support their

studies. To their friends who were to support and give encouragements; to their
classmates who share their ideas for the fulfillment of this study, and to others who

inspired them to this.

-The Researchers

DEDICATION

This humble piece of work is healthy dedicated to our beloved parents,

brothers, sisters for their undying support physically, emotionally and financially, for

guiding throughout our lives. To all our classmates “XI-GEOGRAPHY” for sharing

their laughter and tears. Above all, we dedicate this work to ALMIGHTY GOD, for

giving us knowledge and strength to face all trials that we have encountered and

achieving our goals.

TO GOD BE THE GLORY!

 K.C.R.P

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND IT’S SETTING

This study presents the Introduction, Background of the study, Scope and limitations,

Statement of the problem, Definition of terms, Research paradigm and Conceptual

framework that will support the study of the researchers.

INTRODUCTION

There are countless people in this world who live without a permanent shelter

over their heads or enough money to purchase their needs. These people,

regardless of circumstance, are called homeless. Over 4 million Filipino families are

living in unsustainable conditions with a lack of safety and access to clean water and

safe sanitation. In a report of Swick (2005) Homeless families is not feeling as safe

and secure in their environment as compared to housed families.

This research will rely on the situation of our own community Barangay San Jose

that is known for a larger number of individuals. Understanding about their situations,
issues, and health that affects their lives. Thus, this study will review and believe that

we can change our community with a little effort rather than no efforts.

Barangay San Jose in Rodriguez, Rizal is home to a significant number of

homeless people who struggle to find shelter and basic necessities. These

individuals live in makeshift tents or under bridges, often without access to clean

water or sanitation facilities. Many of them are unemployed and rely on begging or

scavenging for food to survive. Living conditions for the homeless population in San

Jose are challenging, especially during extreme weather conditions. During heavy

rains or typhoons, their makeshift homes are vulnerable to flooding, putting them at

risk of illness and injury. The lack of proper sanitation facilities also poses health

hazards for both the homeless and the surrounding community.

Homelessness is a complex issue that requires a multifaceted approach to

address. In San Jose, local government and non-governmental organizations have

initiated programs aimed at providing shelter, food, and medical assistance to the

homeless population. However, more needs to be done to address the root causes

of homelessness, such as poverty, unemployment, and lack of affordable housing.

The lives of homeless people in Barangay San Jose Rodriguez, Rizal, are a

stark reminder of the challenges faced by the less privileged members of our society.

Their living conditions are often hazardous, and their access to basic necessities is

limited. Addressing the issue of homelessness requires a collaborative effort from

both the government and the community to provide support and opportunities for

those in need. By working together, we can help uplift the lives of homeless

individuals and create a more inclusive and compassionate society.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Homelessness is a prevalent problem that affects millions of individuals

throughout the world. According to recent estimates, roughly 150 million people

worldwide are homeless or live-in substandard housing. Over 500,000 people are

homeless in the United States alone on any given night, with many more

experiencing homelessness at some point during the year.

Despite the increasing prevalence of homelessness, we still know very little

about the lives and experiences of homeless people. Many individuals believe that

homelessness is the result of personal failings or deficiencies, such as addiction,

mental illness, or laziness. According to research, homelessness is frequently the

result of greater social and economic causes such as poverty, a lack of affordable

housing, and systematic inequalities.

Exploring the lives of homeless people is so critical to understanding the

underlying causes of homelessness and establishing effective solutions to this

problem. We can work towards more equitable and just societies that value the well-

being and dignity of all people, regardless of their housing situation, by obtaining a

deeper knowledge of the issues and experiences faced by homeless people.

 This study aims to explore the lives of homeless people in Barangay San Jose

Rodriguez Rizal, examining their experiences of homelessness, the challenges they

face, and the strategies they use to survive and thrive in difficult circumstances.

Through this study, we hope to contribute to a more nuanced and compassionate

understanding of homelessness and to identify potential avenues for intervention and

support.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The researchers came up with this study to explore the Lives of Homeless

people in Barangay San Jose, Rodriguez, Rizal.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions.

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Experience

2.Why do we need to explore the lives of homeless people in San Jose Rodriguez

Rizal.

2.1 Objectives

2.2 Content

2.3 Presentation

3. What are the reasons why San Jose Rodriguez Rizal had homeless people?
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is about homeless people and trials in their lives in Rodriguez Rizal

Homeless people - This study is about the challenges of homeless people and how

they live there in public places.

Future Researchers- this will be an idea for future researchers here and a guide or

information if this becomes their topic.

Co-researchers - This will give co researchers an idea to resolve the problem or

issue of the homeless people by studying the challenges.

People - this will be given them knowledge about the quality of service the behavior

and also how the people treat them.

Government - in this study we will see helping homeless people especially senior

citizens and supporting them.

Parents - in this study will know how they guide their children and help them to face

the challenges that come to their lives.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

This study aimed to explore the lives of homeless people in Barangay San

Jose Rodriguez Rizal. The researchers used purposive sampling to select 10

homeless individuals in Barangay San Jose, Rodriguez, Rizal. The participants will

be selected based on their willingness to participate in the study and their

accessibility and will employ in-depth interview with the homeless individuals to

gather the necessary data. The interview will be audio-recorded and transcribed for

analysis.

This study is limited only to Homeless people of Barangay San Jose

Rodriguez Rizal.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Complex - consisting of many different and connected parts.

Extreme - reaching a high or the highest degree; very great.

Exploring - to search through: look into. exploring new ideas: to go into or travel over

for purposes of discovery or adventure.

Homeless - (of a person) without a home, and therefore typically living on the streets.

Homelessness - the state of having no home.

Multifaceted - having many facets (see facet sense 1) or aspects.

Nuanced - characterized by subtle shades of meaning or expression.

Poverty - the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money

or material possessions.

Prevalence - the quality or state of being prevalent.

Stark - severe or bare in appearance or outline.

RESEARCH PARADIGM

Over 4 million Filipino families are living in unsustainable conditions with a

lack of safety and access to clean water and safe sanitation. More than 6 million

housing units are needed by 2022 with the figure rising to over 12.3 million by 2030

(Habitat for Humanity, 2021). This study explores the lives of homeless people in

Barangay San Jose, Rodriguez Rizal through in-depth interviews.

The Input-Process-Output (IPO) model is a conceptual framework that

present the components used in this study. It consists of Input, which includes the

research questions; Process which is the data gathered and the analysis; Output

which refers to the outcome or findings of the data conducted.

The IPO model is used by the researchers to explore the lives of Homeless

people in Barangay San Jose, Rodriguez, Rizal. The Input-Output (IPO) Model is a

functional graph that identifies the inputs, outputs, and processing tasks needed to

convert inputs into outputs.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Respondents  Interview  Exploring the lives of
- Homeless  Gathering Data homeless people in
people residing  Analyzing Data Barangay San Jose
in Barangay Rodriguez Rizal
San jose
Rodriguez
Rizal
 Instrument
- Statement of
the problem

This study enclosed in the first box is the resources that the researchers used

such as the respondents and instrument which is the statement of the problem. On

the other hand, the second box is the process on which the researchers gather data.

The last box entails the research itself.

 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter delineate the discussion of the Foreign and Local literature and studies

that will relate to the researcher’s study.

FOREIGN LITERATURE

Homelessness has been increasingly recognized as a major social issue in

the developed world (Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2010; Trypuc

& Robinson, 2009; Wilson, 2013). Despite a growing body of research, defining

homelessness is a contentious undertaking (Gaubatz, 2001; Haber & Toro, 2004;

Lee, Tyler & Wright, 2010). Within the literature on homelessness, varied terms have

been used to describe differing housing and shelter situations. The Canadian

Homelessness Research Network (CHRN, 2012) developed a comprehensive

typology of homelessness that includes four major categories: homeless persons

may be (i) unsheltered, (ii) emergency sheltered, (iii) provisionally accommodated,

and (iv) at risk of homelessness. The first two categories refer to circumstances of

those who are absolutely without housing. The third and fourth categories describe

the varied circumstances of persons whose shelter arrangements lack permanence

and of those who are at risk of becoming homeless. Terms used to refer to persons

in the latter two categories include technically homeless, near homeless,

precariously housed, provisionally or temporarily accommodated, inadequately

housed, at-risk or at imminent risk. Those at risk of being homeless are also

described as relatively homeless (Peressini, McDonald and Hulchanski, 2010).

Hence, it can be said that homelessness involves varied living circumstances

that range from sleeping rough on the streets or outdoors (e.g., forest, parks),

sleeping in places considered unfit for human habitation (e.g., cars, cardboard

shacks, subways tunnels, and dilapidated abandoned buildings), renting hotel or

motel rooms by the night or week, doubling up with family or friends, seeking

accommodation in shelters or hostels, living in overcrowded or unsafe apartments or

houses, facing impending eviction, and paying a disproportionate share of one’s

income the rent leaving insufficient money to meet other basic necessities such as

food, clothing and transportation (Lee, 2012; Rossi, 1994; Zlotnick, Tam, & Bradley,

2010).

The relationship between poverty and housing hardship is strong. A lack of

funds to obtain access to adequate housing is often the primary reason why people

experience episodes of homelessness (Lee et al., 2010). In contrast, those who can

afford available housing, or who have social support networks with the capacity to

provide access to housing, are in a position to become rehoused quickly when they

face situations that have resulted in the loss of a home. Thus, a lack of access to

conventional forms of housing is central to the definition of homelessness.

Nevertheless, the definition of homelessness remains controversial due to the

varied forms of precarious, marginal and substandard housing—such as shelters,

cheap motels, trailers, recreational vehicles or transitional housing arrangements—

utilized by people who lack secure, customary dwellings (Lee et al., 2010).
LOCAL LITERATURE

“To us Filipinos, a house is not just a building, it is a home where we

recuperate and spend time with our loved ones after a hard day’s work. It is a place

that shelters, protects and nurtures us to become productive citizens of the country.

Therefore, it is imperative to nation-building that each and every Filipino has a place

they call home” (Go, 2019).

Most are victims of circumstances. Poverty and unemployment are their main

reasons for moving to the cities. Around 21.6% of the population live below the

national poverty line in the Philippines, according to the Asian Development Bank

Report 2018. They are displaced due to natural disasters as well, or are for

infrastructure projects. Having no title on their huts, (though their families have lived

there for generations), they cannot produce a residential certificate (Jena 2020).

According to Meribole (2020), there are four different categories of homeless

families according to the Modified Conditional Cash Transfer for Homeless Families

(MCCT-HSF) program: Families on the street. These are the families who earn their

living in the street but eventually return to their original community. They are

represented for about 75% of the homeless population. Families of the street. These

are the families who are living in the street for a very long time already that they were

able to form a community within themselves. It is where they do their daily life

activities like cooking, bathing, or playing around where they live. These are the type

of homeless where you can see them using their “kariton” containing their personal

belongings which they bring wherever they go around Manila.

 Displaced Homeless Families. These are the families who have lost their

home due to natural disasters. This class may likewise incorporate families and

children who might be getting away from maltreatments at home or leaving their

community to work in the city. Community-based Street Families. These are the

families leaving their rural community to move in urban areas for a better lifestyle but

ending up returning back to their rural community.

FOREIGN STUDIES

Stereotypes of the homeless population have traditionally conveyed the view

that it primarily comprises single men, people with alcohol and substance abuse

issues, formerly institutionalized mental health patients, labourers engaged in low-

paying temporary jobs, people receiving minimal social assistance, and those living

in the impoverished neighborhoods (e.g., skid row) in urban cities (Averitt, 2003;

Gulati, 1992; Rossi, 1994). This perception is not accurate as adults and families

with dependent children are a rapidly growing segment of the overall homeless

population in urban, small-town and rural areas (Bassuk & Buckner, 1994; Butler,

1997; Cummins, First, & Toomey, 1998; Department of Housing and Urban

Development, 2010; First, Rife & Toomey, 1994; Gould & Williams, 2010; Weitzman,

1989). Numerous studies have shown that women, children and families constitute a

larger proportion of the homeless population than they did in previous eras (Lee et

al., 2010). This shift in the composition of the homeless population was noticed in the

early 1980s when families with young children, mainly single-parent families headed

by young mothers in their 20s, began to appear among those seeking shelters

serving homeless individuals (Rossi, 1994). According to Berman, Gorlick, Csiernik,

Ray, Forchuk, Jensen & Al-Zoubi (2011), a study conducted in southern Ontario

indicated that service providers have been unable to respond adequately to the

extensive changes in the nature of homelessness, such as the increasing number of

families among the homeless.

The reported prevalence of homelessness among families varies considerably

between published studies conducted in different locations. According to the US

Department of Housing and Urban Development (2010), families constitute

approximately 38 percent of the homeless population. In Canada, 40 percent of

residents in the shelters have been found to be mothers with children (Krane &

Davies, 2007). About 27 percent of all homeless family members may remain

unsheltered on a given night. A vast majority of homeless families, approximately 84

percent, are headed by women (National Center on Family Homelessness, 2008).

Further complicating matters, people who are classified as single homeless adults

are often part of families, although they may not be accompanied by or living with

minor children at the time of a prevalence count (National Centre for Family

Homelessness, 2011).

Homelessness has been reported to have devastating impacts on families in

terms of the loss of housing, loss of relationships, and disruption in family life

(Averitt, 2003; Lindsey, 1998; Paquette & Bassuk, 2009). On a personal level,

homelessness yields adverse outcomes in multiple domains (e.g., mental well-being,

physical health, parenting, employment opportunities) as parents seek to preserve

their families through re-housing and reintegration within the larger society.

Furthermore, homelessness may be particularly difficult for children who

demonstrate signs of mental and emotional trauma, fragile health, behavioural

difficulties, and educational problems due to frequent changes in residences and

communal living at shelter facilities (Coker, Elliot, Kanouse, Grunbaum, Gilllland et

al., 2009; Julianelle & Foscarinis, 2003; Kirkman, Keys, Bodzak, Turner, 2010).

Homeless families may require a continuum of services and public assistance to

meet their multiple, complex and dynamic needs (Cummins et al., 1998; Mulroy &

Lauber, 2004). Given the personal, familial and systemic consequences of

homelessness, it is imperative to advance our understanding and knowledge of

family homelessness.

In 2011, research undertaken by the Poverty, Homelessness and Migration

team indicated that families constituted two-thirds of those who were absolutely

homeless in Timmins, a city situated in northeastern Ontario. Due to the high

proportion of families among homeless persons, a six-phase, mixed-methods study

was designed to generate and disseminate knowledge about various aspects of

family homelessness in Timmins. The six phases of the current study will encompass

(i) a review of the scholarly literature in the area of family homelessness with a

specific focus on rural, Indigenous and Francophone families; (ii) an analysis of a

period prevalence count of homeless families in Timmins; (iii) a survey of service

providers; (iv) individual interviews with homeless families; (v) focus groups with

homeless families; and (vi) focus groups with service providers. The current report

conducted for the first phase of the project contains the findings Homelessness has

been reported to have devastating impacts on families in terms of the loss of

housing, loss of relationships, and disruption in family life. 2 Literature Review:

Homelessness among Families of a review of the scholarly literature on family

homelessness. In addition, the gaps in knowledge are identified in this report and

directions for further research are incorporated. In the following sections, the

methodology for the literature search and the findings are presented.
LOCAL STUDIES

The government, NGOs and religious institutions are working help the

homeless. Government programs include the Modified Conditional Cash Transfer for

Homeless Street Families program (MCCT-HSF). This program provides financial

support, such as housing grants and funding for health and education, to homeless

families in Metro Manila.

To help street children, ASMAE-Philippines travels the streets of Manila to

teach kids on the basics of hygiene. The organization also provides children with

school support, as well as supporting other NGOs in the area. Kanlungan sa ER-MA

Ministry, Inc. is another organization that works to educate street children, though

projects that teach children about hard work while providing them with an income.

Although the government and NGOs have made efforts to help the homeless

population, much more still needs to be done. Moving forward, these initiatives need

to be increased in order to significantly reduce homelessness in the nation (Joshua

Meribole).
 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter present the procedures and methods that the researchers used to help
them with this study. This includes Research Methods and design, research locale,
sampling procedure, research instrument, Data Gathering Procedures .

Research Method and Design

This research explored the lives of homeless people in Barangay San Jose,
Rodriguez, Rizal. By understanding the homeless people's experienced this study
will elaborate their experienced, their emotions, the struggle that they've faced
throughout the years of being homeless.
This study will use a qualitative research method specifically phenomenological
study, to explore the struggles and experiences that homeless people faced and
facing as years goes by. qualitative research as According to (Creswell, 1994 pp 1-2)
“...an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem based on building
a complex, holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed views of informants,
and conducted in a natural setting”.
According to Yılmaz (2013), qualitative research is “an emergent, inductive,
interpretive and naturalistic approach to the study of people, cases, phenomena,
social situations and processes in their natural settings in order to reveal in
descriptive terms the meanings that people attach to their experiences of the world”
(Yılmaz, 2013, p. 312). Both of these definitions hit upon a similar understanding of
qualitative research as encompassing inductive, subjective, and interpretive means
of gathering and analyzing data, locating the site of qualitative data collection in the
natural settings in which the phenomena of investigation take place.
They also emphasize the social and human dimension of research, locating their
focus of interest in the ways in which individuals perceive, experience, and make
sense of the world.
Research locale

This study explores the lives of homeless people in Barangay San Jose Rodriguez,
Rizal. Barangay San Jose is a barangay in the municipality of Rodriguez, in the
province of Rizal. Its population as determined by the 2020 Census was 141,819.
This represented 31.94% of the total population of Rodriguez. The household
population of San Jose in the 2015 Census was 124,582 broken down into 27,826
households or an average of 4.48 members per household. Barangay San Jose is
one of the barangays where you can see many homeless people.
Sampling Procedure

The researchers used purposive sampling technique in choosing 10

respondents who are homeless in Barangay San Jose Rodriguez Rizal.
The respondents will be aware to the questions that the researchers will be ask
during the interview. Purposive sampling refers to a group of non-probability
sampling techniques in which units are selected because they have characteristics
that you need in your sample. In other words, units are selected “on purpose” in
purposive sampling.

Research Instrument

The researchers use in-depth interview wherein audio-recording will be used and will
be transcibe.
The researchers will used guide questions as their guide while interviewing the
respondents.

Qualitative research refers to a broad family of research methodologies, each of

which differs from traditional quantitative research, that may be described as
Qualitative research is research that involves analyzing and interpreting text and
interviews and observations in order to discover meaningful patterns descriptive of a
particular phenomenon.
Data Gathering Procedures

The researchers wants to explore the lives of the homeless people in Barangay San

Jose Rodriguez Rizal. The researchers will used in-depth interview and will be audio-

record and transcribed for analysis. Researchers will explore the whole barangay

san jose to find 10 homeless people that are willing to participate the interview.

Researchers will asked a permissions to the homeless people that they will find and

will start the interview.

Interviews and surveys are examples of methods commonly used in TNA to gather
data. Because each method has characteristics that make it more effective in some
cases than others, each TNA requires deciding which one(s) to use depending on
the situation and people involved.

Data collection is a systematic process of gathering observations or measurements.

Whether you are performing research for business, governmental or academic
purposes, data collection allows you to gain first-hand knowledge and original
insights into your research problem.

While methods and aims may differ between fields, the overall process of data
collection remains largely the same.