Pili Parochial School Inc

San Antonio, Pili, Camarines Sur

The First Catholic Elementary School in Pili
piliparochialschool@gmail.com

PHILIPPINE
POLITICS
AND
GOOD
GOVERNANCE
MODULE 2

Name: ___________________________________________
Grade and Section: ________________________________
Date of Submission: ________________________________

Prepared by:
RALPH ROMEO A. ARAÑO
Teacher
 PILI PAROCHIAL SCHOOL INC
(The First Catholic Elementary School in Pili)
San Antonio, Pili, Camarines Sur

PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOOD GOVERNANCE

Main Points in Philippine Politics and Good Governance
Module 2

A. INTRODUCTION
This module will guide you to delve into the study of Politics and Governance. More
over, dwells on the ways in which politics can be understood and studied.

B. MODULE CONTENT
Module 1 has 3 lessons, to wit:
 Lesson 1 – Concepts of Politics
 Lesson 2 – Concepts of Governance

C. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
1. define Politics and Governance,
2. differentiate Politics from Politics and Governance,
3. appreciate the value of Politics in their everyday dealings; and
4. describe the current political situations in the country.

D. PRE-TEST
Instruction: Read the following instructions CAREFULLY. Avoid erasures.
1. The exercise of power, the science of government, making of collective decisions, the
allocation of scarce resources, and the practice of deception and manipulation.
A. Politics B. Political Science C. Governance D. Political Institutions

2. He was considered the Father of Politics

A. Niccolo Machiavelli B. Socrates C. Plato D. Aristotle

3. He published the book “The Prince”.

A. Niccolo Machiavelli B. Socrates C. Plato D. Aristotle

4. He was the “Father of Modern Politics”.

A. Niccolo Machiavelli B. Socrates C. Plato D. Aristotle
5. What approaches should we use to include the Art of Government?
A. Politics as an Arena B. Politics as Power C. Politics as Process D. Politics as Art

6. An approach to which it includes the “political behavior”.

A. Politics as an Arena B. Politics as Power C. Politics as Process D. Politics as Art

7. The following are included in scope of Governance, EXCEPT

A. Local Governance B. Political Governance
C. Corporate Governance D. National Governance

8. Good governance assures that corruption is ______________.

A. Maximized B. Prohibited C. Minimized D. Discarded

9. Every political leader must possess this quality to be able to serve the public.
A. Honesty B. Intelligence C. Competence D. Political Background

10. Machiavelli asserts the belief that only ______________, to whom the book is
dedicated, can restore Italy's honor and pride.
A. Niccolo Machiavelli B. Aristotle C. Lorenzo de Medici D. Plato

11. The stage where the government, its leaders and laws was considered as divine or
divinely inspired.
A. Religious stage B. Metaphysical Stage C. Modern Stage D. Post Modern Stage

12. The stage where the State is considered as a human institution, and it is, therefore,
absolute.
A. Religious stage B. Metaphysical Stage C. Modern Stage D. Post Modern Stage

13. The stage where the State was deemed capable of being improved by rulers and
subjects according to certain principles and laws.
A. Religious stage B. Metaphysical Stage C. Modern Stage D. Post Modern Stage

14. In understanding Politics, what stage does our society exists?

A. Religious stage B. Metaphysical Stage C. Modern Stage D. Post Modern Stage

15. “It is better to _________ fear than love to the people.”

A. Aspire B. Inspire C. Transpire D. Perspire

E. LESSON PROPER/DISCUSSION
Lesson 1 – Concepts of Politics and Governance

POLITICS – the exercise of power, the science of government, making of collective

decisions, the allocation of scarce resources, and the practice of deception and
manipulation. It consist of the people acting politically, by organizing political interests
groups and trying to induce governments to act in ways that will promote their interests
over the opponents.

The development of Political Sciences as a discipline could be traced from the

time of Aristotle when he wrote the first systematic work focused on political affairs
Aristotle - Considered the Father of Politics

Niccolo Machiavelli
- the Father of Modern Political Science
- he wrote "The Prince" to gain an advisory post in the Medici government
THE PRINCE
- A handbook written for 1513 for rulers in the Art of Government. In his time, he sees
Italy
-Machiavelli asserts the belief that only Lorenzo de Medici, to whom the book is
dedicated, can restore Italy's honor and pride
- leaderless, lawless, crushed, despoiled, torn, overrun.
- cites the actions of the successful and unsuccessful.
- "Results of actions are what matters"

CONTENTS OF THE PRINCE

Chapters 1-2: Autocratic Regimes and Principalities

Chapter 3: Powers, Warcraft, and Popular Goodwill

Chapter 4: Qualities of the Prince himself

Failure of the Past Italian Rulers and concludes with an impassioned plea to the
future rulers of the nations.

Machiavelli asserts the belief that only Lorenzo de Medici, to whom the book is
dedicated, can restore Italy's honor and pride.

POLITICAL SCIENCE - systematic study of political and governmental institutions

and processes. It is a discipline that seeks to understand the relationship between
individual and political institutions.

Characteristics of Political Science

1. Politics always involves the making of collective decisions for group of people; and
2. Those decisions are made by members of the group exercising power over the other
members of the group.

Political Institutions
-It determines appropriate actions regarding relations between roles and situations
involving the determination of what the situation is, what role is being fulfilled, and
what obligation of that part in that situation is. (Peters, 2012)

Science of Politics
1. Basic knowledge and understanding of the State and the principles and ideals which
underlie its organization and activities.
2. Primarily concerned with the association of human beings into 'body politic' or in a
political community.
3. It deals with those relations among men and groups which are subject to control by
the state with the relations of men and groups to the state itself and the relations of other
state to another state.

F. ACTIVITY 1.1 – Meaning of Politics

In your own words without looking at your notes, define the following concepts
on the next page:
 Concepts Definition

1. Politics

2. Political Science

3. Political Institutions

STAGES OF THE STUDY IN POLITICAL SCIENCE

The government, its leaders and laws was considered as

1. Religious Stage
divine or divinely inspired.

The State as considered as a human institution, and it is,

2. Metaphysical Stage
therefore, absolute (cannot be changed)

The State was deemed capable of being improved by rulers

3. Modern Stage
and subjects according to certain principles and laws.

APPROACHES TO DEFINE POLITICS

-The behavior becomes "political" because of where it

Politics as an Arena or took place
Location -it includes the Art of Government and Public Affairs

-The "political behavior" is behavior that exhibits

Politics as a Process or distinctive characteristics or qualities
Mechanism -can take place in any social contexts
-it includes compromise and consensus, and power and
distribution of resources.

F. ACTIVITY 1.2 – POLITICAL SITUATIONS IN THE COUNTRY

Answer the following questions provided below.

1. What do you think is the current political situation(s) of the country?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

2. What political problems or issues do you encounter in your barangay,

city/municipality, and country? If there are, how can you help to solve the glitches in the
society as an individual?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

3. If you are given the chance to talk to the President of your country to address your
concerns and issues from your answer(s) in number 2, what would it be and why?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

4. Why is Politics important in our daily lives? What do you think will happen if we do
not apply Politics in the society?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Lesson 2 – Concepts of Governance

GOVERNANCE - As old as human civilization, it is the process of decision-making

and the process by which decisions are implemented or not implemented that needs to be
responsive to the present and future needs of the society. It is also defined as focusing on
legitimacy (government should have the consent of the governed). It assures that
corruption is minimized, the views of the minorities are taken into account, and that the
voices of the most vulnerable in society are heard in decision-making.

Governance can be viewed in the following context:

A. Corporate Governance – private and non-government institutions

B. International Governance – international governments and organizations
C. National Governance – national and federal governments
D. Local Governance – barangays, cities/municipalities, provincial governments

It also entails:

1. Sound Public Sector Management

- Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Economy)

2. Accountability
- Ensuring Transparency, being answerable for actions and media freedom)

3. Competence
- Effective policy-making, implementation and service delivery)

4. Respect for Law and Human Rights

F. ACTIVITY 1.3 – POLITICS VS. GOVERNANCE

 Compare and contrast the following two (2) concepts given on the next page

POLITICS GOVERNANCE

CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE

1. Transparency - the decisions were taken and their enforcement are done in
compliance with the rules and regulations.
- visible and clear
 - information is freely available and directly accessible to all
affected by such decisions and enforcement.

- "crucial for good governance"

2. Accountability - all institution involved in good governance have full
responsibility to the public for the sake of improving the
quality of the society

- consistent application of the law and its supporting policies,

rules, and regulations.
3. Predictability
- sudden changes in features (rates, benefit entitlements) may
seriously undermine the credibility of the programme.
- active education, engagement and effective involvement of
stakeholders to ensure the protection of their interests.
4. Participation - meaningful participation of stakeholder depends on their
access to information about the institution and their capacity
to understand an act on such information.
- means to say that good governance manifested through the
impartiality of fair legal framework such as the promotion of a
5. Rule of Law
full protection of human rights and dignity especially those
members of minorities.
- requires mediation of the different interests in society to
reach a broad consensus.
6. Consensus-oriented -bases on the best interest of the whole community.
-requires a broad and long term perspective on what is needed
for sustainable human development.

-institutions and processes try to serve all stakeholders within

7. Responsiveness
a reasonable time frame.

F. ACTIVITY 1.3 – Political Cartooning

Draw a political cartoon of what good governance would look like and explain.

_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Questions:

Identify one government institution and answer the following questions:

1.Is there a governance structure in the place?

2. If so, what is it? Does it work (regarding what we’ve been discussing?) How does it
work? How can it be improved? If not, what do you think might be needed?
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

G. POST TEST/ASSESSMENT

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. The exercise of power, the science of government, making of collective decisions, the
allocation of scarce resources, and the practice of deception and manipulation.
A. Politics B. Political Science C. Governance D. Political Institutions

2. He was considered the Father of Politics

A. Niccolo Machiavelli B. Socrates C. Plato D. Aristotle

3. He published the book “The Prince”.

A. Niccolo Machiavelli B. Socrates C. Plato D. Aristotle

4. He was the “Father of Modern Politics”.

A. Niccolo Machiavelli B. Socrates C. Plato D. Aristotle

5. In the book, “The Prince”, what chapter tackles the Qualities of Prince himself?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

6. “It is better to _________ fear than love to the people.”

A. Aspire B. Inspire C. Transpire D. Perspire

7. These are the collection of relevant rules and routines

A. Politics B. Political Science C. Governance D. Political Institutions

8. Derived from a Latin word “Politikos” which means, “city-states”.

A. Politics B. Political Science C. Governance D. Political Institutions

9. In the book, “The Prince”, what chapter tackles Autocratic Regimes & Principalities?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

10. In the book, “The Prince”, what chapter tackles Powers, Warcraft, and Goodwill?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

11. The stage where the government, its leaders and laws was considered as divine or
divinely inspired.
A. Religious stage B. Metaphysical Stage C. Modern Stage D. Post Modern Stage

12. The stage where the State is considered as a human institution, and it is, therefore,
absolute.
A. Religious stage B. Metaphysical Stage C. Modern Stage D. Post Modern Stage

13. The stage where the State was deemed capable of being improved by rulers and
subjects according to certain principles and laws.
A. Religious stage B. Metaphysical Stage C. Modern Stage D. Post Modern Stage

14. In understanding Politics, what stage does our society exists?

A. Religious stage B. Metaphysical Stage C. Modern Stage D. Post Modern Stage

15. What approaches should we use to include the Art of Government?

A. Politics as an Arena B. Politics as Power C. Politics as Process D. Politics as Art

16. An approach to which it includes the “political behavior”.

A. Politics as an Arena B. Politics as Power C. Politics as Process D. Politics as Art

17. The following are included in scope of Governance, EXCEPT

A. Local Governance B. Political Governance
C. Corporate Governance D. National Governance

18. Good governance assures that corruption is ______________.

A. Maximized B. Prohibited C. Minimized D. Discarded

19. Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Economy are evident in the government when
A. Public officials go hand-in-hand on their responsibilities
B. There is participation of the people to the activities in the community
C. The President decides accordingly to the will of the people
D. Problems are being resolved before it affect another

20. An act of Accountability in the government can be seen if

A. Rules and Policies are implemented properly
B. Problems in the society are controlled and directed once it arises
C. Information is disseminated to the public accordingly
D. There is obedience and respect for laws and human dignity

21. Every political leader must possess this quality to be able to serve the public.
A. Honesty B. Intelligence C. Competence D. Political Background

22. Machiavelli asserts the belief that only ______________, to whom the book is
dedicated, can restore Italy's honor and pride.
A. Niccolo Machiavelli B. Aristotle C. Lorenzo de Medici D. Plato

23. A citizen went to the City Hall to inquire for information on how to file a case
against someone. The Public Officials on post were able to deliver the information
smoothly without hesitation. What characteristics of Good Governance was applied?
A. Participation
B. Accountability
C. Responsiveness
D. Efficiency and Effectiveness

24. In eyes of Law, “everyone is equal” and that everyone is subjected to obey.
A. Accountability B. Predictability C. Rule of Law D. Consensus-oriented

25. Every month, the Local Government Units (LGUs) announces all the activities that
will be held in the community. They invite everyone to join in the activities to promote
harmony and relationships in every barangay communities. This is a good example of
____________.
A. Predictability B. Participation C. Consensus-oriented D. Transparency

26. Former Vice President of the Philippnes, Leni Robredo, was awarded for having a
clean and good track of records of her expenses in the government. She exercised and
applied the art of ________________.

A. Accountability B. Predictability C. Rule of Law D. Consensus-oriented

27. Some of the of LGUs in the Philippines kept on planning activities repetitively that
are not in-line to the wants and needs of the community. The LGUs, therefore, failed to
exercise this characteristic of Good Governance.

A. Transparency
B. Accountability
C. Effectiveness and Efficiency
D. Rule of Law

28. The Government units from local up to the international level must be always be
open and accessible for the benefit of all, especially when it comes to decision making
processes.

A. Transparency
B. Accountability
C. Effectiveness and Efficiency
D. Rule of Law

29. Which among the following exercises Predictability?

A. Access of information to every documents, records, and papers of the government
B. Planning, deciding, and projecting future activities in the barangay
C. Promotion of protection of Human Rights and dignity to all people
D. Complying on time and all the policies in the government

30. The following are examples of Consensus-oriented, EXCEPT

A. Citizens joining in activities laid by the government
B. Students planning for the theme of their Christmas Party
C. Establishing rules and policies to punish those who disobey the law
D. Citizens casting their votes for the upcoming elections

II. ESSAY. Answer the following questions. (30pts)

1. As a student, how can you apply Politics in your daily life? What do you think will
happen if we do not apply Politics in our life?
 _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

2. If given the chance to lead the Philippines, as a President, what kind of Politics do you
want to employ? Give examples on how you will promote it.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

3. Aside from the Characteristics of Governance given, suggest more characteristics that
are relevant and needed to have in order to sustain Good Governance in the country.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

RUBRICS FOR ESSAY

BELOW
EXCELLENT SUPERIOR AVERAGE POOR
CRITERIA AVERAGE
(10) (8) (6) (2)
(4)
The paper clearly An opinion is An opinion is An opinion is The opinion
states an opinion, given. Ideas are given. Reasons given. The and support is
gives 3 or more in detail. are simple but reasons given buried,
Ideas and clear & detailed Reasons and still lacks tend to be weak confused, and
Content reasons, and examples are examples. or inaccurate. or unclear.
plenty of evident. May get-off
examples to topic.
support it.
 The paper has a The paper has a The paper has a The paper has There is no real
beginning with an beginning, beginning and an attempt at a beginning or
interesting lead, middle, and ending. Ideas beginning &/or ending. The
middle, and an end. The order are in order. ending. Some ideas seem
ending. It is in an makes sense. There are only a idea may seem loosely strung
Organization order that makes Paragraphs are few problems out of order. together. No
sense. Paragraphs indented and with the Some problems paragraph
are indented and some have paragraphs. with formatting.
have topic and topic and paragraphs.
closing sentences. closing
sentences.
The Spelling, The spelling, There are few The writing is The writing
punctuation, punctuation, errors that make almost seems like it
capitalization, and and caps are the writing hard impossible for has no ending
grammar are usually correct. to read and the readers to or pause. The
Conventions correct. Only Only a few understand. read because of writer does not
minor edits are problems with errors. know how to
needed. grammar. carry the
reader’s
attention.