Instrument Transformer:

 These are special transformers designed for the instrumentation and

protection purposes in high voltage AC system.
 These are designed with very highly accurate transformation ratio.
 These instruments transformers are of two types - (i) Current
Transformers (CT) and (ii) Potential Transformers (PT).
1. Current Transformer (CT)
 These are used to measure high/ large AC current with low ampere rating
ammeter.
 These transformers step down the current to be measured, so that it can
be measured with a normal range ammeter.
 Primary winding is made of thick wire with one or few turns and is
connected in series with the load circuit.
 Secondary winding is made of thin wires with many turns and connected
across a low range ammeter.
 Generally, current transformers are expressed in their primary to
secondary current ratio i.e. Ip/Is =k., which is known by manufacturer. And
called CT Ratio
 Typical CT Connection:

 The secondary current rating is generally 5 amperes or 1 ampere.

 Eg. A 100:5 CT would mean the secondary current
of 5 amperes when primary current is 100 amperes.
• Example: if 5000:5A CT reads 1.5 A in secondary, what will be
the actual line current in power circuit ?
Note: Secondary winding of CT shall not be left open, why?
 It should be short circuited by a switch.
 If open circuited, there will be no current through secondary and hence no
opposing flux [ which is required for canceling the additional flux produced by
primary winding.]
 Hence high voltage will induce in the winding due to high value of flux density
in the core and may cause insulation failure.
 Also iron loss will be high and consequently over heating of core which will
again damage the core.
 That is why secondary of CT is never left open circuited while in operation.
Potential Transformers (PT) or voltage transformers:
 These are used to measure high voltage AC with low range voltmeter
generally 110 V or 120 V
 This is actually a normal step down transformer with known turn ratio
known as PT ration and given by k= Vp/Vs.
 These transformers have large number of primary turns and smaller
number of secondary turns.

For example, a 11000:110 PT

would mean the voltage across
secondary is 110 volts when
primary voltage is 11000 volts.
Star and Delta Review:

1/28/2022 Asst. Prof. Pradip Sah/IOE, Thapathali Campus 67