Course-2 Telecom SCADA Digital PLCC System DAY-4!25!08-2022

COURSE : TELECOM / SCADA
September - 2021
1
Concept of Telecom /
SCADA System in
UTILITIES T&D Network
(DAY-4)
Digital PLCC System
September - 2021
PUBLIC INTERNAL RESTRICTED CONFIDENTIAL
Course : Telecom / SCADA
DAY-4 Concept of Digital Power Line Carrier Communication System in UTILITIES T&D
A. INTRODUCTION of Digital PLCC System

1. Digital PLCC Basic
2. Digital PLCC Hardware Architecture
B. Digital PLCC Architecture and System Details

1. Digital PLCC Principle of Outdoor Coupling Equipment
2. Digital PLCC Services Multiplexing Principle
3. Digital PLCC Interface Details
4. Digital PLCC Tele-protection Application
5. Digital PLCC Integrated with SDH / PDH System
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C. Digital PLCC Network Manger System
3
Digital PLCC BASIC
Why do we need Digital PLCC?
 Economic justification
 Uses existing power lines
 Transmission medium as reliable as the power line itself
 Shortest link for Tele-protection
 Back-up of critical services
 Very long distances w/o repeaters
 Fully under control of the Electric Utility
 For the operation and protection of the Electric Power Grid
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SEPTEMBER-2021 TE COURSE : TELECOM / SCADA 4
Digital PLCC BASIC
Transport of electrical energy
Substation A Substation B
LT HV-line LT
CC/CVT CC/CVT
Coupling Coupling
Digital PLCC device device Digital PLCC
Terminal Terminal
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Transmission of data, speech and protection signal
Digital PLCC BASIC
Digital PLC Terminals Coupling Filters Line Traps
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Tele-protection Solutions

Digital PLCC BASIC
 Need for higher data speeds

 Need for more channels
 Frequency congestion
 Integration into Digital Networks
However:
 Compatibility with legacy
environment is always an issue
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Digital PLCC BASIC
Application
Analogue
PLC
Application
Universal
Digital
Application
PLCC
Application Digital
PLC
Which technology? Universal Digital PLCC
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Future-proof investment? All in one and one for all
Compatibility issues?
Digital PLCC BASIC
 Universal Digital PLCC Platform

 Software configurable DPLC and/or APLC operation
 Full compliance with legacy and new environment
 Builds on proven Digital PLCC System
Benefits
"Choose and change the
 Simplified logistics application of your Digital PLCC
 Zero risk with a few mouse clicks"
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 Future-proof

Digital PLCC BASIC
Integrates Digital PLCC and

Analog PLCC in the same Platform
Analog
 Digital emulation of Analog PLC
 Up to 3 "speech plus" channels
 Integrated single-side-band modulation (SSB)
 Integrated FDM multiplexing
 Integrated Teleprotection
 Digital
Patents pending
 Flexible bandwidth selection
 Scalable  Integrated digital modulation (MCM)
 Flexible
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 Dynamic speed adaptation (DSA)
 Future-proof
 Integrated TDM multiplexing
 Integrated Teleprotection
Digital PLCC Hardware Architecture
40 Watts
4-w E&M
HMI
or FXO, FXS
Voice
Direct Digital Synthesis

4-w VF
teleoperation 40 Watts
Digital Modulation
Digital Coding
Multiplexing
Teleprot
Carrier
Teleprotection Frequency
Commands
V.11/X.21
Data
RS-232 Power Supply
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Ethernet
SEPTEMBER-2021 TE COURSE : TELECOM / SCADA
Power Shelf
11
Alarms
Interface Modules Digital Signal Processing
Digital PLCC Principle of Outdoor Coupling Equipment
Substation HV-line
Line
trap
Coupling Cabinet
capacitor
Digital PLCC Equipment
Tx
Outdoor
Coupling or Rx
Device
Equipment
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 Elements of Coupling Device
Surge arrester for transients protection at the primary terminals of coupling device.
Drain coil for draining of power frequency currents to earth.
Earthing switch for direct and efficient earthing of primary terminals.
Transformer for matching and galvanic isolation between primary and secondary terminals of
coupling device.
High-pass or band-pass filter elements for optimum matching.

Coaxial cable to PLC equipment in cabinet.
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1) Single Phase Coupling
Substation HV-line
Cabinet
Line
trap Coupling
capacitors Digital PLCC
Equipment
Tx
Coupling
Device
Rx
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HV-line
Cabinet
Line
Traps CVT (or) Coupling
Digital PLCC
Capacitors
Equipment
2)Phase to Phase Coupling Tx
Elements Rx
Coupling
Devices
• 2 single phase coupling devices
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• Hybrid transformer for decoupling of signals
and generation of push-pull signals

 Modules of Coupling Equipment
 High-pass coupling filter

 High-pass coupling filter with hybrid transformer
 Band-pass coupling filter
 Band-pass coupling filter with hybrid transformer
 Attenuator
 Impedance Transformer
 Separating Filter
 Shunt tuning filter
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 Features of Modular Coupling Equipment

Modularity Compact unit with various modules
to satisfy all coupling needs
Programmable High-pass version permits field matching
within a wide range of coupling capacitor values and different line impedances
High transmission Power handling Up to 1000 W PEP
Economical Optimum utilization of coupling capacitance, versatile programming facilitates stocking

of spares
Climate proof Absolutely corrosion and weather proof owing to sealed poyglass housing
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Maximum personnel Insulated enclosure as well as design measures
protection minimize electrical hazards

Z
T LE C Z 2 75 3 T
CK A G K C1 L H 125
B
C M C2 N 2
Z1 Z2
Q1 D C3 P
F1 O L2
E
L1 F Q C4 R T1
1
LE C
Ck 1500 2200 2700 3300 3900 4700 5600 6800 7500
Z1 pF to to to to to to to to and
 2199 2699 3299 3899 4699 5599 6799 7499 up
240 232 158 132 115 96 80 70 60 52
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320 180 128 Lower
102 frequency
90 78 f [kHz]
limit 76 70 58 52
1
Ck = coupling capacitance Upper frequency limit f2 = 500 [kHz]
Z1 = impedance of overhead line Z2 = equipment side impedance
25
High-Pass Coupling Filter [dB]
20
Composite 15
loss Ac Ar
and return
loss Ar
10
Ac
0
0 1 00 200 300 400 [kHz] 600
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Coupling capacitor Cc 4.7 nF Nominal line impedance Z1 240 
Lower cut-off frequency F1 80 kHz Nominal return loss Ar 12 dB
Upper cut-off frequency F2 500 kHz Nominal composite loss Ac 2 dB
 High-Pass Coupling Filter - Programmable
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 DIGITAL PLCC Link

Substation A Al Substation B
At At
Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1
Z2 Z2 Z2 Z2
Ac Ac
At = Tapping loss of line trap

Ac = Composite loss of phase-phase coupling
PLC PLC
Al = Composite loss of HV line
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A = Overall attenuation of PLC link

 Straight through connection without local carrier equipment
At
At
Substation
Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1
Z2 Z2 Z2 Z2
Ac Ac
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At = Tapping loss of line trap A = 4...8 dB
A = Overall attenuation of by-passed signal

 By-pass circuit with local carrier in one direction using Separating Filter
At
At
Z1 Z1
Substation Z1 Z1
Z2 Z2 Z2 Z2
Ac Ac
A = 5...9 dB
Asf At = Tapping loss of line trap
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PLC
Asf = Composite loss of separating filter
 By-pass circuit with local carrier in both directions using separating filter
At
At
Z1 Z1 Substation Z1 Z1
Z2 Z2 Z2 Z2
Ac Ac
At = Tapping loss of line trap
Ah = Composite loss of hybrid
Asf Asf
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Digital
Digital PLCC
PLCC
A = 6...10 dB

Digital PLCC Services Multiplexing Principle
4-wire E&M, or
2-wire FXO / FXS Speech
S1a
VF
3 x Teleop. S1b Teleoperation
NB Modem
NB Modem
NB Modem
Narrowband
Modulation
S2a: Narrowband data
100 to 9'600 bps
6 x RS-232
Multiplexing
Modulation
Broadband
Adaptive
Adaptive
S2b: Broadband data
9.6 to 256 kbps
X.21
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Teleprotection
Teleprotection
S3:
Interface
Adaptive
Teleprotection
4 …. 8 x 4…8 commands
Teleprotection

Digital PLCC Interface Details
Interface Speech plus Teleoperation

 Universal Voice Frequency interface module
for "transparent" transmission of
o Speech signals
• Programmable interface circuits for
— 4-wire E&M
— 2-wire FXO or FXS
— Hotline or Service Phone
o Teleoperation signals
• 3 VF teleoperation I/Os, 300 to 3720 Hz
• 3 programmable digital transit filters
— configurable to I/P or O/P ports
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 Up to 3 interface modules pluggable

Usable AF bandwidth of PL C terminal (1 cha nnel)
Spe ech 2000 Hz D ata Pilot

Pilot
ot
Pil

Pilot
Spe ech 3400 H z Pilot
4 kHz
300 1000 2000 3000 4000 Hz
 Speech
o 4-w E&M, 2-w FXO, 2-w FXS with ringing
 Teleprotection
o 4 independent and simultaneous commands in speech band
 Narrowband Data
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o 4 integrated Narrowband Modems, Programmable 100 to 9'600 bps, Very low delay, very short resync. Time
o 4 x 2400, 2 x 4800 or 1 x 9600 bps in 4 kHz bandwidth, 2 x 2400 bps above speech

4-wire E&M, or
2-wire FXO / FXS
Speech 1
0
VF
I/F
3 x AF Teleop. Speech 2
Speech + Application Interface
Modem
NBModem
Modem
Narrowband
Modem
Data
(100 to 9'600 bps)
NB
NB
2 or 6 x RS-232
4
Multiplexing
Broadband
Adaptive
Adaptive
Modem
1 or 2 X.21
Teleprotection
Teleprotection
8 kHz
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Adaptive
Interface
S3:
4 or 8 x 4…8 commands
Teleprotection
commands

4-wire E&M, or
2-wire FXO / FXS
0
S1a (speech)
VF
External Modem S3
(in RTU)
Speech + External Modem + S1a

Data + Tele-protection
NB Modem
NB Modem
NB Modem
Narrowband
Modulation
S1b
RS-232
4
Modulation
Multiplexing
Broadband
Adaptive
Adaptive
S3
X.21 S1a
S2a
Teleprotection
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Teleprot.
Interface
Adaptive
4 …8
Teleprotection
8 kHz
Commands

Data Transmission • Programmable bandwidth
NB Modem
NB Modem
240 Hz to 3.4 kHz
NB Modem
Narrowband
Modulation
• Programmable speed
100 to 9600 bps
• Programmable center-frequency
• Point-multipoint
• Low delay / fast re-sync.
• Ideal for polling SCADA
RS-232
• Programmable bandwidth
Modulation
Multiplexing
Broadband
Adaptive
Adaptive
4 to 32 kHz
• High speed
9.6 to 256 kbps
V.11 / X.21
• Dynamic Speed Adaptation (DSA)
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Digital Signal Processing

P1
P2
Dynamic Speed Adaptation (DSA)
P3 Capacity
enabled
P4
 The sum of the data speeds assigned to the data
ports cannot exceed the speed of the Broadband P5
modem capacity
P6
DSA
 The speed of the broadband modem follows the
prevailing line condition (SNR) in user-defined steps P1
Reduced
enabled
speed
 Ports adapt their speed flexibly, or are P2 Capacity
disabled/enabled according to a user-defined priority P3
scheme
P4
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DSA for maximum data throughput and availability disabled
P5
P6
Digital PLCC Tele-protection Application
Speech + Tele-protection + Data

CH 1 CH 2
Speech + 4800 bps 4800 bps 4800 bps
Pilot
Pilot
4 commands
4 kHz 4 kHz
CH 1 CH 2
Speech +
4800 bps 9600 bps
Pilot
Pilot
4 commands
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4 kHz 4 kHz
Tele-protection System in 2KHZ vs 3.2 or 4KHZ
Tele-protection System in 2 kHz Tele-protection System in 3.2 or 4 kHz
Number of TPE devices 1 1 or 2, depending on No. of channels

3 independent commands,
individually configurable, 4 independent commands,
Number of commands per device
1 prioritized command individually configurable for blocking/permissive/direct
(direct operation only)
Command coding Dual Tone Dual tone
No. of trip frequencies 5 7
Transmission time Adaptive Time Adaptive Time
Adjustable by means of the boost ratio (from 6 to 18 dB -6 dBm0 or 18 dB below boosted trip signal level, whichever is
Weight of guard signal
below boosted trip signal) higher
unlimited (command suppression may be disabled per command suppression after 1 to 60 s, programmable in steps
Command duration
command) of 1 s
Timed Tx output power reduction to pre-defined value

Special Settings “Start” signal configurable
after 1 to 60 s
Carrier frequency range 40 to 500 kHz 40 to 1’000 kHz
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10, 20, 40 W, Programmable 10, 20, 40 W, Programmable
Nominal Transmit Output Power (PEP) 80 W (option) Linearly decreasing above 600 kHz
Linearly decreasing above 150 kHz 80 W (option)

Built in Tele-protection System

 Blocking, permissive- and direct tripping
 4 commands in 4kHz bandwidth
 8 commands in 8 kHz bandwidth
 Commands are independent

and simultaneous
 Adaptive signal evaluation

for shortest transmission times
 No extra bandwidth consumption:
 Alternate operation with speech
 Alternate operation with data
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Fast, dependable and secure

Full Diversity for Tele-Protection System

FOX515 FOX515
REL 1 REL 1
Differential Protection Differential Protection
L-4.2
PLC
Dig Dig
REL 2 PLCC PLCC REL 2
Ultimate Reliability for Tele-protection
Distance Protection Distance Protection
Full redundancy and diversity
with switchover-time = 0 ms. !
Two different protection Diverse Diverse technologies and

methods (differential and communication equipment for the
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distance protection) media communication channels

Digital PLCC Integrated with SDH / PDH System
Digital PLCC vs. SDH/PDH System

Digital PLCC Networks SDH/PDH Fiber Networks
+ Using an extremely reliable medium (HV + High bandwidth
powerline)
+ Immune against electromagnetic interference
+ Shortest link for protection commands
+ Large variety of different data- and voice
+ Very long distance without repeaters services
- Limited bandwidth - OPGW difficult to repair
- Limited distance without repeaters
- Additional installations and investments needed

(OPGW)
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With proper integration the advantages of PLC and
SDH/PDH technology can be combined

Digital PLCC can be used to close a ring-structure

→ High reliability of vital services through path
protection
→ If one Fiber connection breaks all nodes can
still be reached by tele-protection, LAN,
SCADA and EOW.
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37
SEPTEMBER-2021 TE COURSE : TELECOM / SCADA
The Digital PLCC Solution is very economic when …..
… OPGW between the two remote nodes do not exist

→ No installation of fibers necessary
… The distance is too long for repeaterless optical connection without repeater
stations.
→ No investment in repeater stations or cost-intensive amplifier
equipment needed.
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Dig PLCC can be configured in a protection Ring Structure using routers

→ Very high reliability can be achieved.
Protected by SDH-Ring:
SCADA Server RTU - Broadband traffic (Office-LAN, CCTV,
Telefony,…)
FOX515 FOX515 - Teleprotection
L-4.2 - EOW
- SCADA
STM-4 Backbone
Ring Protected
RTU L-4.2 L-4.2
C RTU
C
FOX515 FOX515
No additional Fibers are needed on the PLC-ring
L-4.2
→ Low investments because no deployment
Dig
LAN
Router
PLCC
Dig
PLCC
Router
LAN of fibers necessary
PLC
PLC
Protected by PLC-Ring:
Dig Dig - Teleprotection
Router PLCC PLCC Router - EOW
- SCADA
- Low Bandwidth LAN
Dig Dig
PLCC PLCC
LAN LAN
PLC Dig
PLCC
Dig
PLCC
PLC For nodes with low bandwidth
RTU RTU
demand, Dig PLCC can provide all data
Router communication needed.
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LAN RTU

Economic solution for:

→ Integration of remote stations that are not connected by fibers.
→ Integration of long-distance links.
→ Backup solution for nodes connected via single fibers only (spur links).
→ Increased reliability by using two completely different, well proven
technologies: SDH and Digital PLCC.
→ Diversification of mission-critical operational services and bandwidth
demanding other services minimizes risks.
→ Comprehensive Power System know-how and engineering skills are
essential to exploit all benefits of integrated systems.
→ One single NMS for the entire system increases reliability and minimizes
O&M costs.
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Digital PLCC Network Manager System
 Application
 Human Machine Interface (HMI) / Notebook connectivity via Ethernet interface
 Human Machine Interface (HMI) Connectivity over S/S LAN
 Security
 Password protection DES (Digital Encryption Standard) for write access
 IP address authentication can be enabled (new)
• Max. number of clients: 4
• Identified by (static) IP-address and subnet-mask
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 Windows®- based HMI
o Equipment settings
o System monitoring
 Commissioning support
o Link equalization
o Filter tuning
o Spectral analysis
 In-service monitoring
o Local and remote terminal
Simplified Commissioning, o Equipment status
Operation and Maintenance.
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o Link performance
o Alarm polling (network)

Human-Machine Interface HMI - Example
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HMI: Spectrum Analyzer
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HMI : Event Recording (Tele-protection)
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Control Center
Substations Dig
Dig PLCC PLCC
Dig
PLCC
ETL500
ETL500
Digital Dig PLCC Digital Dig PLCC
PLC
Dig Dig
PLCC
PL
PLCC PLCC
PLCC
PLC
PL
Dig Dig PLCC
PLCC
Dig
PLCC
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Tributary links

LAN - Coupling
LAN 1 LAN 2
220 kV line
120 km
Digital
Digital
PLCC
PLCC
Router Router
X.21 X.21
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Control Center Regional Center
LAN Service “IP Routing / Bridging”
 IP router (Layer 3)
 2 configurable modes
 Static routing with up to 8 configurable static routes
(per route to be defined: IP address and netmask)
 “Forward all” mode: all packets that do not belong to the own net are forwarded
 TCP/IP header compression

 Standard functionality in PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)
 Van Jacobson compression (RFC 1144) reduces the normal 40 byte TCP/IP packet
headers down to 3-4 bytes for the average case
 Substantially increases efficiency for telecontrol protocols like FT 1.2/3
 Bridge (Layer 2) Functionality
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LAN Service - SNMP
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LAN Service - SNMP
 Dig PLCC Alarm Polling with open SNMP interface
 Configurable list of Dig PLCC Terminals (Equipment address, max. 64 Terminals)
 Configurable polling interval (daily at specific time, per full hour, every x minutes)
 Provides SNMP access to all alarms of a Dig PLCC Network
 Alarms in plain English text (no National Language Support, NLS)
 Time stamp (when alarm was polled by CPU, not when it originated!)
 Dig PLCC Terminals up/down status information
 Supports mixed Digital PLCC & Analog PLCC Networks
 Support of Get / Get Next (read-only services)
 Spontaneously generated trap messages
 Configurable, multiple destination IP addresses
Max. 4 management stations can be served.
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
 SNMP management station interprets messages with the help of the management information database (MIB)
 ASN.1 description provided (Abstract Syntax Notation).

Digital PLCC - Data Pipes and Meshed Networks (Example : Terna, Italy)
Multi-Function Switch for:

 Voice Compression and Voice Switching
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 Service Multiplexing (Voice, Data, Ethernet/IP)
 Traffic Management (Routing, Service Prioritization, Pre-emption)

Contacts
If you have any Questions, please contact
Mr. Antony John Williams,
E-mail ID : antony.williams@tractebel.engie.com
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24 August, 2022 2021.03 Monthly Report - Tractebel Middle East 53
COURSE NO. 3 SOLAR
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July 2021 54

Course-2 Telecom SCADA Digital PLCC System DAY-4!25!08-2022

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COURSE : TELECOM / SCADA

A. INTRODUCTION of Digital PLCC System

B. Digital PLCC Architecture and System Details

Why do we need Digital PLCC?

 Uses existing power lines

 Transmission medium as reliable as the power line itself

 Shortest link for Tele-protection

 Back-up of critical services

 Very long distances w/o repeaters

 Fully under control of the Electric Utility

 For the operation and protection of the Electric Power Grid

Transport of electrical energy

Digital PLC Terminals Coupling Filters Line Traps

SEPTEMBER-2021 TE COURSE : TELECOM / SCADA 6

 Need for higher data speeds

Which technology? Universal Digital PLCC

 Universal Digital PLCC Platform

SEPTEMBER-2021 TE COURSE : TELECOM / SCADA 9

Integrates Digital PLCC and

 Digital emulation of Analog PLC

 Up to 3 "speech plus" channels

 Integrated single-side-band modulation (SSB)

 Integrated FDM multiplexing

Direct Digital Synthesis

RS-232 Power Supply

 Elements of Coupling Device

High-pass or band-pass filter elements for optimum matching.

1) Single Phase Coupling

SEPTEMBER-2021 TE COURSE : TELECOM / SCADA 15

 Modules of Coupling Equipment

 High-pass coupling filter

 Features of Modular Coupling Equipment

High transmission Power handling Up to 1000 W PEP

Economical Optimum utilization of coupling capacitance, versatile programming facilitates stocking

SEPTEMBER-2021 TE COURSE : TELECOM / SCADA 17

240 232 158 132 115 96 80 70 60 52

High-Pass Coupling Filter [dB]

 High-Pass Coupling Filter - Programmable

 DIGITAL PLCC Link

At = Tapping loss of line trap

SEPTEMBER-2021 TE COURSE : TELECOM / SCADA 21

 Straight through connection without local carrier equipment

SEPTEMBER-2021 TE COURSE : TELECOM / SCADA 22

SEPTEMBER-2021 TE COURSE : TELECOM / SCADA 24

SEPTEMBER-2021 TE COURSE : TELECOM / SCADA 25

Interface Speech plus Teleoperation

• Programmable interface circuits for

— 2-wire FXO or FXS

— Hotline or Service Phone

• 3 VF teleoperation I/Os, 300 to 3720 Hz

• 3 programmable digital transit filters

— configurable to I/P or O/P ports

SEPTEMBER-2021 TE COURSE : TELECOM / SCADA 26

Usable AF bandwidth of PL C terminal (1 cha nnel)

Spe ech 2000 Hz D ata Pilot

Spe ech 2400 Hz D ata Pilot

Spe ech 3400 H z Pilot

o 4-w E&M, 2-w FXO, 2-w FXS with ringing

o 4 independent and simultaneous commands in speech band

SEPTEMBER-2021 TE COURSE : TELECOM / SCADA 27

Speech + Application Interface

SEPTEMBER-2021 TE COURSE : TELECOM / SCADA 28

Speech + External Modem + S1a

SEPTEMBER-2021 TE COURSE : TELECOM / SCADA 29