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Leadership is a process by which an executive can direct, guide and influence the behavior and
work of others towards accomplishment of specific goals in a given situation.
Leadership is the potential to influence behavior of others.
Formal Leaders – those who hold a position of authority and may utilize the power that comes
from their position, as well as their personal power to influence other.
Informal Leaders – those without formal position of authority within the organization but
demonstrate leadership by influencing those around them through personal forms of power.
Importance of Leadership
1. Initiates action
2. Motivation
3. Providing guidance
4. Creating confidence
5. Building morale
6. Builds work environment
7. Coordination
1. Intelligence -allows leaders to evaluate others’ opinions and hypothetically place them into the
plan and see if they fit in. Using valuable inputs that work out for the better often boosts
employee morale and allows for better efficiency.
2. Personality
Openness – being curious, original, intellectual, creative, and open to new ideas.
Conscientiousness – being organized, systematic, punctual, achievement-oriented and
dependable.
Extraversion – being outgoing, talkative, sociable and enjoying social situations.
Agreeableness – being affable, tolerant, sensitive, trusting, kind and warm.
Neuroticism – being anxious, irritable, temperamental and moody.
3. Self- Esteem - the degree to which a person is at peace with oneself and has an overall positive
assessment of one’s worth and capabilities.
4. Integrity - is the practice of being honest and showing a consistent and uncompromising
adherence to strong moral and ethical principles and values.
Technical Skill – refers to a person knowledge of, and ability in any type of process or technique.
Human Skill – is the ability to work effectively with people and to build teamwork.
Conceptual Skill– is the ability to think in terms of models, frameworks, and broad relationships.
MANAGER VS LEADER
MANAGER LEADER
The manager administers The leader innovates
The manager maintains The leader develops
The manager accepts reality The leader investigates it
The manager focuses on systems and structure The leader focuses on people
The manager relies on control The leader inspires trust
The manager has a short-range view The leader has a long-range perspective
The manager asks how and when The leader asks what and why
The manager has his or her eye always on the
The leader has his or her eye on the horizon
bottom line
The manager imitates The leader originates
The manager accepts the status quo The leader challenge sits
The manager is the classic good soldier The leader is his or her person
The manager does things right The leader does the right thing
- involve the structuring the roles of subordinates, providing them with instructions, and behaving in
ways that will increase the performance of the group.
- include showing concern for employee feelings and treating employees with respect.
ADVANTAGES:
DISADVATAGES:
ADVANTAGES:
DISADVANTAGES:
ADVANTAGES:
Brings creativity.
DISADVANTAGES:
Low accountability
ADVANTAGES:
Specialization or Expertise
Predictability
Structure
Equality
DISADVANTAGES:
- the best way to lead your team will be determined by the situation.
Two Factors:
1. Leadership Style - the first step in using the model is to determine your natural leadership style.
To do this, Fiedler developed a scale called the Least Preferred Coworker (LPC).
- According to the model, the more favorably you rated the person you least prefer to work with
the more relationship oriented you are. (High LPC = Relationship-oriented leader)
- The less favorably you rated the person you least like working with the more task-oriented you
are. (Low LPC = Task-oriented leader)
2. Situational Favorableness - this is determined by how much control
over the situation you have as a leader (situational control).
a. Leader-Member Relations - this factor measures how much your team trusts you.
b. Task Structure - this factor measures the tasks that need to be performed.
c. Position Power - this is determined by your authority, meaning the power you have to reward or
punish your subordinates.
It was created by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanshard when they merged their own individual
leadership theories to create the model.
It is not based on a specific skill of the leader; instead, he or she modifies the style of
management to suit the requirements of the organization.
Leadership Styles
1. Directing
directing leaders define the roles and tasks of the 'follower', and supervise them closely.
decisions are made by the leader and announced, so communication is largely one-way.
2. Coaching
coaching leaders define roles and tasks, but seeks ideas and suggestions from the follower.
decisions remain the leader's prerogative, but communication is much more two-way.
3. Supporting
supporting leaders pass day-to-day decisions, such as task allocation and processes, to the
follower.
the leader facilitates and takes part in decisions, but control is with the follower.
4. Delegating
delegating leaders are still involved in decisions and problem-solving, but control is with the
follower.
the follower decides when and how the leader will be involved.
Theory suggests that employees are motivated when they believe or expect that:
Decision-Making Styles
1. Decide – the leader makes the decision alone using available information.
2. Consult Individually – the leader obtains additional information from group members before
making the decision alone.
3. Consult as a group – the leader shares the problem with group members individually and makes
the final decision.
4. Facilitate – the leader shares information about the problem with group members collectively,
and acts as a facilitator. The leader sets the parameter of the decision.
TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP
- those who lead employees by aligning employee goals with the leader’s goals.
1. Charisma
2. Inspirational motivation
3. Intellectual stimulation
4. Individualized consideration
TRANSACTIONAL LEADERS
- those who ensure that employees demonstrate the right behaviors and provide resources in
exchange.
Transactional Leaders uses three (3) different methods:
1. Contingent rewards
- This theory proposes that the type of relationship leaders have with their followers is the key to
understanding how leaders influence employees.
1. High-quality LMX relationships – a high quality, trust-based relationship between a leader and a
follower.
2. Low-quality LMX relationships – a situation in which the leader and the employee have lower levels
of trust, liking, and respect toward each other.
SERVANT LEADERSHIP
- is a leadership approach that defines the leader’s role as serving the needs of others.
2. One of your key priorities should be to help employees reach their goals
3. Be humble.
AUTHENTIC LEADERSHIP