104 XG6NNGg&B6ls6NG S6 H (241)-2015

MQT S6 D^C DIEM Vt LE THlTCfNG TRONG L^P

L U ^ (TREN Ctr LIEU NGON NGf CIFA N H A N VAT
TRONG VAN XU6l Vlf T NAM GLVI DO^N 1930 - 1945)
CHARACTERISTICS IN VIETNAMESE PROSE IN THE PERIOD 1930 TO 1945
REGARDING COMMON SENSE
CHU Tiq TlrtlY PHlTONG
(ThS - NCS; Tnrtmg fi»i hjc Tan Trio)
Abstract: Hie tole of common sense in argument of chaiacteis: Reptesenlmg cultural depth, social
- national moialify in tbe language; Expiessing behavior in thefemilyrelationship; And expressing
behavior in stratum relationship. Hnough common sense in argument, some levels of people
obviously expose and are typical for the age. It afliims proficiency of prose writers in the period 1930
to 1945.
Keywords: argmnent; character, common sense.

1. 8$tv&idl tinh chit pho quit, nhd dd mi chung ta xiy

Khi x^ 1^ lu$n trong giao tilp, die ti£n dl dvmg dupc mdt lip lu$n riSng. d Vi^ Nam, E)5
logic vh cActiiaot ^ Idgic khdng ph^ IA co s6 HQu Chiu djnh nghia: "li Ihudng Id nhiing
1^ lu^ mitiieoO. Ducrot, 16 thu^mg mdi li CO chdn li Ihdr^ thudng cd tinh kinh n^dim,
sd c(ia c ^ l|p lu$iL Le thudng li nhQng chin li khdng cd llnh tdt yiu, bdt bufc nhe cdc din ^
thong thudng, cdtinhchit kinh nghidm, khdng Idgic. Do nhdn logi Id m0l thttc thi Irion lin mg
cdtinhtat yeu, b9t bu$c nhu cicti&l<^ Idgic. ddn t0c cho nin nhiing IS thudng phi qudt (phi
L6 thudng mang d$c thij tinh d^a phuong hay qudt nhimg hidng tdt yiu, bit bugc) chung cho
dan tQC, cd tfnh khii quit, nhd chung, cd thl xiy todn nhdn logi hay mpl si ddn IQC cimg nin vdn
d\mg du^ nhthig %} lu$nrieng.Khi xem x& hda Lgi cd nhiiu nhung IS thudng riing cho
d^ dilm l$p lu§n cua cic nhin v^t trong vin mgi quic giif [2, h^. 191]. Tlieo NguySn Dilc
xudi giai dogn 1930-1945, chung toi nh^ thiy Din, cd nhQng 11 IS li kit qui cua vi^ v§n dvmg
cic tic gii ^ thdng qua %) l u ^ sur dyng cic IS cdng cvi vi quy tic dia cic Idgic hlnh tiitic
tiiudng dl Itei nli b$t Mnh tupng nhan v ^ chung cho mpi thdi d|i, mpi din tpc, ludn ludn
Ngay tit khdi diu nghien ci^ ve li IS trong dung vl di dui;ic chung minh. Nhung ding cd
^p lu|n, Aiistole di dl cip tdi nhihig U IS cho nhOng 11 IS khong li kit qui cAa mdt Idgic Unh
ldi ndi. Sau niy, khi nghien cijrutiiu^hilmg bi$n, thiic nbung vSn dupc mpi ngudi m$c nhiln tiiua
Quyntilien cung di tim cich xic l|ip m$t ciu nhin dviatiieokinh n ^ $ m cOa bin thiiL Chinh
tnic phi quit bao gim tat ci cic ylu tl, svr ki$n \i viy, 11 IS cd till tiiay dii tiieo tCmg din tdc,
cd thl nhim m(ic dich dan dit ngudi i^ie din ttidi gian vi khdng giaa
m$t kit lu|n nio dd. Dilu dd cd n^fla ring, U IS Tr^ diy li mdt s6 n& dietiidcCia IS tiiudng
li thinh phan khdng till tiiilu cua 1^ lu$n - ndi (topos) trong %i lu$n. Tren CO sd niy, chdng tdi
den l§p lu$n li ndi den li IS. Sau niy, cic nhi sS (diin tich m^ sl vi dy cd sQ dyng cic IS
nghiSn cuu trai die gidi gpi 11 IS - co sd kit nil tiii^mg cda hai ting ldp nhin v$t thong trj vi bi
cic n$i dung vdi nhau tiiMi mdt % lu$n li IS tli trong vin xudi giai d o ^ 1930-1945.
tiiudng. Theo O.Durottill"ll thudng' li nhQng 2. M$t sl d^c dilm
chin Utiiongtiiudngcd tinh chit kinh n g h i ^ 11. Tren CO sdcdli$u khio sit, chitag tdi cl
khdng cdtinh^ y ^ bit budc nhu cic tien dl ging tim ra mdt sl lo^ IS thudng i ^ quit vi
Idgic, mang d$c thCi d|a phuong hay dan tOc; cd m$t sl IStiiudngd|c tiid trong l|p luin cCia
S6 11 (241)-2Q15 NG6N NGC & Bin S6NG
nhan v|it, dong th6i lim ndi b ^ chieu sau v ^
hda, d^o due x£ h^i, dan t^ nim trong ngdn
ng& v& dii ph6i c ^ h sur dyng ngon ng&.
7%u- nh^, le thudng pho qudt trong Igp
ludn cua nhdn vgt gbm IS thudng nOi t^i v^ IS
- LS thudng ndi tgi I& nhth^ 16 thu6ng ve
nhOng <Mng c& l i ^ quan t6i q i ^ l u ^ v^ quan
h$ nhSn quiu Y l u t6 cA nhan cung U nhfing
chijcng cur Ukm l u ^ chung dio quy lu$t nhSn
qok. Theo k h ^ s ^ vk phSn lo^i, ditkg tdi xde
C ^ mpt s6 is thu5ng n$i t ^ c6 tinh ph6 qudt
nhu: Ngudi n6i Idii dua ra m$t %> l u ^ ddnh gjd
v^ mpt ngu6i n ^ d& thu6ng d ^ v ^ c6t cddi
1u6ng m ^ cua ngu6i 66 de ldm co s6 die 1 ^
l u ^ cua minh; X u ^ tii&i - tl^a vi x9 h$i cfing ^
m$t y ^ t6 d l ddnh gjd con ngu6i. Vi dy:
Cb&n dmg dng quan phi^ dugc hi^n ra khd rO
tror^ dogn thogi gifSa 6ng Tii vd m? con Di?p:
Khi ong phu chua c6n Id cgu hpc tr6 tM: "Ong
Phu r^dy trudc tdi chi hai quen, c6 gdp vdi bdn,
luc dy dng cdn gdy nhu cdi tdm..."; nhung khi
d3 ra ldm quan thi.* "Ldm quart, bio Id thudr^.
Hieu tie THfM trd len. Id anh ndo ding bio
gju cd lun^* vd dieu d6 Aipc D i ^ Ididi^ djnh:
"Bdm dng Pha cBng gil lung g". ChSndungfing
phli hi$n l&i khd r6 nSt v6i s\r chuyen bien tCr
^ y d ^ bdo, tfr khdng gCl sang gii Irnig. Dilu
ndy ihk h i ^ cuOc s6ng sung tAc, vuong gjA da
tang ldp quan lgi. Dong nghiiB v6i d6 U biic
tranh doi nghjeh gitia m$t b ^ Id cupc song d^y
dii, bdo ^ t cOa quan lgi v6i cu^c s6ng khon
cOng, nghto cbSi ciia ngudi ddn t^iSo.
NhSn v$t thu$c ting ldp bi trj thudng xak
fliSn tCr ddn ngy cir ho$c ddn ngh6o nSn hp
fliudng d vi the yeu. E)6 Id s6 ph|in cua nhfing
imrdi ddn ngy cu nhu: "Ndo cd phm hoangl
Ong tinh d ddi ai mudn mdt tiinl Do Id stf bdt
ddc dt Noi ^dup dng nhd tdi khdng phdi gdlc
gdcdldngnefy. ^g thdn chmg tdi & vimg Nam
Un^sirdiayldpngJd^, rdi mdi dira anh tdi
vdtdi ThS Id tdi d Idng ndy, nhd tdi mdidcd
hai ddi Theo 1$ nhd que, nhSng ngudi ng^i cu
ba ddi mdi dugc "thdnh td". Ngfaa Id dugc
ngang hdng vdi mpi ngudi ihdc "Lang ndy 10
105
ngdthcmnOa, tit xua den gid hp khdng cho rnpt
ngudi ngodi ndo nh^ bg. Vi the, anh tdi vd tdi
cOng nhu dn^ thdn chiing tdi, diu khdng co ngdi
d ^nk "Chdc dng cOng biet d Idng md khdng
cd ngdi, thdt Id mpt S{c nh^ic nhd. Nh&ng ldc tie
qttp Id phdc, n^edi ta tin phdn dn, phdn gdi.
minh thi chdng co miing g i Nhieng ldc h0i hi,
^rth ddm, n^edi ta rtedc cd, rude qwfi, minh chi
dong VOI khiing chiing. Nhu the cGng dd khd
rdi Hon nOa, Id cd cha gid m? hio, Idng gii^
CO chon cho ddul Chinh ldc dn^ thdn bd thdn
chung tdi qtm ddi, anh em tdi diu phdi nhd cgy
hdng x6m khiing giiqj. Roi khi xong viic, chdng
tdi mudn theo mgi ngudi ndp 1$ cho Idng con
trdu, hp cdng khdng thim nhgn cho. Cdi dd mdi
Cite cho chiel" [5. tr. 144 -145]. Cd ldi thogi ndi
v i sy Uidc nghi^ cual^ Idng, ciia quy djnh Idng
x3 vd nhfing hu tyc xua kia.
D$c bi?t xu& thdn - ^ vj dupc t ^ g ldp
thong tli sir dyng nhu "mgt cdng cy c6 tinh
qteyen l{ic'* nhdm i ^ hilp kS dudi vd nhin mgnh
vdi kS ti€n. £)6 Id nhfii^ IS thudng nhu: Ddld
mOt Nghi Lgi cd c ^ vi: "Tdi dd ldm nghf viin,
rdt trung thdnh vdi hai chinh p/iu** hay Id m$t
Nghi Que: "Tdi hin ra cOng Id mdt Nghf viin,
cd lUc ngdi vdi quan S& quan Thu^g (kmh ffd
khdng kim gj mdt dng qucui'' hay dd cdn Id m$t
NgJ4 Hdch "bgn nghi^ chu chdng corf* vd "si
phdi trdng cu cd ghi nghi trudng nOa, M md
lin Dgi hdi nghi kinh //"....Ho^c dd Id nhfing
dng quan dupc hpc hdnh qua trudng ldp nhu:
quan h u y $ n C ^ l i m : "d Ba Li dd dd ludt khoa
tien 5f", "dd diin thuyit yd biiu dnh vdi dng
vdn sf Romain Rolland vi vi$c chinh trf phgm
Ddng Ducm^\... Ho$c dd cung cd till Id nhfing
dng quan bd t i ^ mua chiic nhu: dng quan ting
doc mua diiic qua ldi dng quan huy^n: "fdti
ngiedi ta khdng phdi Idkivd hgc thi ngjedi ta
muon ldm gi cSng dugc",...
LS tiiudng ngogi t^ Id nhfing 16 Ihudng
mang tfnh xd h$i, wn tgi ben i^odi cd nhdn cdc
nhdn v§t LS tiiudng ngogi tgi |diy tfau^ vdo
tiing hodn cdnh cung nhu tfmg nhdn v|lt trong
tdc jhkm. Nhfing 16 tiiudng ngogi tgi t i n tgi d$c
%) vdi y tiiiic con ngufn vd ai cung cd till k i ^
106 N G 6 N N G C & Bin S6NG S 6 l l (241)-201S

chiing vd cdng n h ^ LS Ihudng ngogi tgi cd siic L6 thudng dgo diic Id logi 16tiiudngdya ti£n
thiQ'et phyc cao hon IS thudng nOi tgi vl nd cd CO sd Id nhfix^ chu^ myc cda xd h$i dl ddnh
t M khdch quan, thyc tl, dya t r ^ nhfing ^ki gid nhu: diing - sai, tit - x ^ dsfp - khdng d^,
ton tgi hien nhien chii Ididng dviatrSn nhfing si^ hudngtiiy- tiiyc dyng,... Chfnh vi v§ly, cdc 16
diln day cdm tinh nhu 16 thudng n$i tgi, vf dy: tiiudng dgo diie dya tren co sd ty ^tiiiicciia chii
giiy td, bdng chiit^ dm muu,... Qua khdo sdt till 1^ lu§n. Tlieo dd, 16 tiiudng dgo diic cd
vd phan logi, chiii^ tdi xde ^nh mpt so nhdm 16 mudn ngdn vgn trgng bilu hi$n, tity vdo tihig
thudng ngogi tgi nhu: LS thiedng ngogi tgi Id ngudi, tfmg hodn cdnh.Vf dy:
nhimg bdng chung bdng gidy td, qtty dinh cda - Nghi ldi: Too cd thi bd titvg chdng nhd
Idng xa E)d Id cdc qi^ djnh dupc ghi trong mdy ldc ndo cBng ^egc. Song von tao nhdn
huoi^ udc, trong giay td dupc xde thyc nhu: dd ddc, tao khong nd. M^ sinh nhai bdng nghi
Id giiy chiing nh$n cdn tdn cua thi Mich: "Ddy qudc cdm, lgi di ldm hgi ngudi ta
Id gii^ nhdn thiic ciia viin ¥ sXffdynhdn th^ L6 thudng quy^ uy dya t r ^ n ^ tdng ciia
cho thf A^ch" hay d6 Id quy djnh trong huong siic mgnh, cda qc^ln lyc. Vf dy: Trong dogn doi
udc Idng xd: "nf^eng ngudi ngy cubaddi mdi thogi gifia C^uan huy$n vd phdng vien:
dugc "thdnh td". Ngldix Id dia?c ngang hdng vdiOng ht^n trdm n^m mdt lUc rdi c{e:
mgi ngudi khdc. "Lang nay lgi ngdt hem nQa, tie- Anh cd mudn vdo ddy l^ tin thd cUngphd
xua din ^d hg khdng cho mdt ngudi ngodi xin phip qtum sd tgi da chu? Sao anh ddm tiif
ndo nh^ bg", hay dd quy djnh nhd nude.' tiin vdo ldm Imyin ndo cd cdng Aedng?
"Cu riing vi trteyin dem d Idng Qu^nh Thdn - Bdm, ngdi thu hdi jxm nlUing ngudi ndv
cOng dd td ra thi^ ldm quan md khdng biit xem? Chdng ^iphm tfd thdm vdi rhaudngc^
ludt. Du Id chua tim thdy ki ldm vi$c ^, thi Hen thicd^ld hiiyin ndo?
thdy cOng phdi biit giam bgn li dich cdi Idng Ong heyin ngOng bdt bi mdt luc, rdi lgi cdt
dy lgi chie? Thdy khong nhd trong hinh ludt caogigng:
c6 khodn bugc li dich mdi Idng phdi chiu - Anh phdi biit rdng t^ anh ldm bdo thi cSr^
trdeh nhiim vi mdi viic roi cudc tri on xay ra phdi do tdi cd cho phip thi anh mdi vdo <%
trong Idng Aoy sao",... vd d$c bi^ Id quy dugc. [3, tr. 239]
djnh ng^t ngh^o chin quan trudng: "Khiim Tiong vf dy t r ^ dng huy$n dd dua ra hai IS
trang nghTa la thieu s{e kinh trgng. Theo thudng thl hipn quyen uy. L6 thudng d 1||) lu^
ding 1$ dd, thi hit th^ nhiing chii cd nghld thti nhlt: ^^hm xin ph^ qtum sd tgt* dd (bipc
khdng hay, nhu bgo Id t(m, hdn la tdi, cdch khdng djnh vd cy tM d 16 thudngtiiiihai: 'pAti/
Id dam, sdt Id giit v.v... khdng dugc ddt trin do tdi cd cho phip" dSi khdi^ djnh vitiiecao
cdc cha cd nghta Id vua, nhu Id chit home cua quan huy$n doi vdi ngudi phiSnigviSn.
de, cha qudn, cha vuong, cha chd... vl neu 2 2 Cde IS Ihudng trong 1^ hi^n ciia nhdn
di cha "cdch" liin vdi cha "qudn" thi nd si v§t thl h i ^ chiiu sdu vdn hda, d^o diic xdhOi.
c6 nghta Id ddm vtdo, md di cha "bgo" liin Oidnghgn:
vdi cha "chii" thi nd phdi c6 nghta Id dng L6tiiudngIhl h i ^ iing xur trong quan h$
vua tdn bgo. Du md minh khdng chi vdo vua trong gia fOnh, nhir
ndo. hay Id minh dd chl dtch vdo nhihig LS thudng thl h i ^ trong quan h$ dia/m?-
hgng vua vd dgo cda Tdu ngity xua, nhu bgn coa Vf dy, tiong tde jdiim "Tdt dgn*', dl tiniylt
vua Kiit, vua Try chdng hgn, cSng Id khiim phyc con (cdi T;^)tiieochi sang nhd cy N ^ d4
trang tdt cd"...[7, tr.218J. D|u trudc v$n Sflig dkn 16tiiudngtrdi nghith-
Thur hai, li thudng ddc thit trong l^ tiic Idti'divdi qi^r tdc quan h$tinib ^ cha/ m?
ludn cua nhdn vdt gim 18 thudng dgo dOc, li vdi con cdi bfing v i ^ sit dyng tii "van"; Tii
thudng quyin uy. tiieo Id 16tiiudngcdtiinhtiiycS - dd Id Id **' ^
 Hl(241)-2015 NG6N NGC & Bin S6NG 107

cori* dang bi trdi ddnh vd IStfiudngtillhi0n Id ke v6 hgc thi ngudi ta mudn ldm gj cOng
quan h$ mdu mii, huyettiiongcao nhat Id "ldm Aegnf'. Ho$e cdc 16 thudng thl hifn sy thing
con pha biit thuang cha, m^thdyu". nhlt trong quan dilm cai trj vd bdc Ipt Cdi IS
L6tiiudngtillhi$n trong quan h$ vpr chlng: tiiudng md bd huyfn ddp ldi dng huyfn: "Thdi
Qaan hf v? choi^ Id quan bf ^ nhj vd khdi^ thi tH tity cdu.. Nglua Id minh phdi gifi gin, dn
k ^ phln phiic t^. \^tiie, vi$c sii dyng cdc 16 cho cd nhdn cd ngHd tH thdi, chie md cu theo
tiiudngtiiehifn trong quan hf vp diong xult ddng ldi ddn ciia cy Cd nhd tM cOng khdng
Ufn khd nhilu trong %) lu§n ciia nhdn v$t trong Aegc... (f, md cdn bao nhiiu n^edi chii ndnh cd
vdn xudi 1930-1945. Bdi 16, day Id tiidi ki cd rmdt trdi mdt minh diegc bao gid ddi/' cho thiy
nhilu b i ^ dpng, x9 hfi ghi n h ^ sy ddo l$n, ed m ^ hf tiilnc '*bdn riit. bdc 101". Sy d ka
thay dii trong cdc mli quan hf tfi gia ^nh din eh$t chS trong tmig ldp thing trj cdn dupc bieu
xd h^i. Chdng hgn, khdo sdt cdc 16 Ihudng thl hifn rd n^ trong cdi cddi md cdc dng quan, cdc
hifn quanhfvpi diingtiiu$chai giai ting tiling cudng hdo d^ phuong d u kit vdi nhau. Ndi
trj vd bj trj, chiing tdi nh$ntiily:Cdc 16 tiiudng nhu dng Nghj Lgi thl: "Toi dd ldm nghf viin, rdt
quan hf v? chlng ciia nhdn v§ttiiuOcting ldp bj tnmg thdnh vdi hai chinh phd, khdng nhi tdi lg
tli tiiudng tiiidn vl tinh cdm, '*tipng d^o ddm ldm diiu phi ph^T. S\r clu kit gjfia cdc
ngh&",...; trong khi dd, d ede nhdn v$t tiiudc nhdn v$t cdng ting ldp bj trj cdn li mli quan hf
ting ldptilingtijlgitiiidnvl v$t chit, kilu edeh.
- LS thudng thl hifn iing xur trong quan hf + Khi ling xii trong quan hf edhg giai ting,
gjai ting. Chdng hgn: cdc nhdn v^thu^c ting ldp bj tried nhfing cBnh
+ Khi ling xCr trong quan hf cdng ^ai ting, kiln gin nhu dii ldp vdi lang ldp thing tii: cdi
cdc nhdn v$t tiiu^ ting ldp bi tij thudng dua ra nhln ciia hp dii vdi ^ax ckp thong trj id edi nhln
nhfing IStiiudngthidn tinh cdm. Ndi nhu bdc dly phln ult Vf dy, cdi IS thudng: "Pliui, bao
Tdn trot^ Btedc {ktdng cimg thi: "Chd anh emgid nhd cdm qi^n vdi nhd tu bdn cdng vi Hui
nghio, ta nin g^up dd ldn nhau Tdi thudng vdnnhcoi di bdp hdu bdp hgng bgn ta"tiiudngtrye
bdo chi cd minh mdi biit theang nhau, chie hg trong euOc sing. Doi 1^ vdi nhfing 16 tiiudng
luc ndo cG/^ rinh dk bdc Idt minh" Hay nhu ldiciia nhdn v$ttiiu^eting ldp bj trj, trong iing xur
dng I^i till dd cdn Id cdi nglua ding mdn: nhdn v$t thupe ting ldptiiongtiijsii dyng nhfing
''Ngudi ldn ai cdn g^ trd on. dng Phd ndy tdi16 thudng trong ddi thogi vdi ting Idp dudi ed
khdng quen ldm, nhung neu cd phdi bgn hgc sy linh hogt - khi dpa ngt, dp ^ khi mim mdng
thdn vdi dng Cu nhd ngdy xua, thi dd Id bdn tinQ^ phyc. Vf dy: trong dogn thogi vdi vp
phdn dng ^ ddi vdi mdt ngudi bgn dd khudf Truong Tlii, N ^ Lgi d3 sii dyng nhfing 16
.... Khdc vdi nhdn v§ttiiuOcting ldp bi tri, nhdn tiiudngtillhifn line xii mim ddo, idy Idng "ldm
v|tt thupe ting ldp thing trj khi ^ i ddp vdi nhau nhe tao dc khdu ldm dy. Dda ndo cBng sg tao
tiiudng diing tren nen tdi^ ^*cdng sirih" vl m^t cHei. Tao dd chii dda ndo bao gid^* vd cd
m$t khfa cgnh ndo dd. Cdc dng quan tuin [ ^ "Idng tdm" ciia tli^ ldp tiling tii mdi th^t ldn
quan biQ^fn tid hay sii dyng cdc 16 thudng c6 Iao khi "d long ndy, ai cd viic gi nhd tao, tao
linh dilt dii 1^ trong quan ^kta cai tii Dd Id cOng sdn long g^. Ndo vay tiin u. ndo ndi vd
cu$c dii d ^ gjfia quan cdng s(t vd quan huy^ quan hd te, tao i^ tit chdi ai chua". M^t N ^
Ciic Ldm: "Thdi dugc, cy ldn ^ bdo Id sai thiLgi dly muu md vd nham hilm khdc hdn vdi
nd Id sai. Tdi cdng Ididng cdn cdi biea, vi tdi mpt dd Nghj Qak hdnh tiln, ludn coi minh Id bgc
xin ta chuc rdi Di tdi md mdt phdng litdt su vdqayka eao diiic trpng khi coi ngudi ndng ddn
mdt CO quan n^n ludn bdng cha tdy, ldc dy rdi dii Id con ddi dda d, sdn sdng bdc Ipt vd cdi 16
tdi xin d^ lgi cyldnva cdi chi d$ quan trudng tiiudng md vgr chlng Nghj Quk hay sii dyng dd
Hin ngy. Thua cy ldn, khi ngudi ta khdng phdiId cdch khdng (1|nh vi thl .ciia minh 'Way liiu
108 NG6N NGC A BOI S6NG s l 11 (241)-2015^

hdnt Bd Ihl Idng cdcddi, khdng them mua bdn nhan vit. LS thudng ndi t?i du<?c nhin vit sd
gi nOa bay gid; Di bd bdng ddi bdng lua vdidyng khi da d^ng. Nd cd till dvra trdn quaii
mdy hay sao? Chua ndi mdy dd cdi lienl Ldo(film nhin nhin, dinh gii vl hlnh ding, tuli
queni Con bi bdng ngdn ha, may ddm xoentic, nguin eoc xult thin, hpc lvtc...dl suy
xoel bdo nd lin bdy, ndi cho chd nd nghe d?".doin vl plAn chit, tinh cich nhin v§t hdi
Nlu nhu ting ldp dia chd thudng kit hmi tiiop. Nhin vit tiiudc ting ldp bi trj sd dvmg
sd dvmg cic 15 thudng xuit phit til svr ddc kit it cic 15 thudng npi t^ so vdi nhin vit tiiudc
vi cic IS thudng xi hdi thl ting ldp quan Iju ting ldp tiling trj. ENlu niy phin inh tiidi
sd dvmg chd ylu li cac IS thudng mang tinh trudng gii, ^ d$t vi bin chit bdc l$t cda giai
chit xi hdi. O dd, cic IS thudng dui^c dua ra d p . LS thutoig ngo^i t^ cd sdc thuylt phyc
dvra trSn nhfhig bing chdng nhu: quy djnh, cao hon 15 thudng ndi t^ vl nd cd tinh khich
cdng vin, giiy td,... di dinjrc chung nhin. Td quan, thvrc tl, dvra trdn nhfhig dieu tin t^i
dng quan t u ^ den dng Ly trudng, Cai 1$ t^ hiln nhidn chd khdng dvra trdn nhfhig suy
dja phuong deu sd dving cic IS thudng xi h$i diln dly cim tinh nhu 15 thudng n$i t^i.
nhu cho dvra, cdng cv dl thvrc thi "cdi quyin Thdng qua cic 15 thudng trong l$p l u ^ cic
cai trf ciia minh. Ndi nhu quan huy^n khi nhin v^t thu$c cic giai ting x i h$i khic
nhau dupc b$c 1$.
ming din ling Quynh Thdn di ki^n thl: ".../
Trudc phdp ludt viic mdy nhu Ihe Id mgt vlic TAI \A%M THAM K H A O
ldm di khdng mon bdi, v(!v miiv cd muon ldm 1. Di$p Quang Ban (2003), N^phdp tiing
nhd Ihd suot dai khdng? Bgn li djchl Chiing Viit tgp ldi 2, NXb Giio dvic, Tp.HCM.
mdy dl kiin ldo nhu thi tdc Id phgm tdi vu 2. p5 Httu Chiu (1995;, Gido trinh Giin
cao, vdy chiing mdy co muin ngoi tu khdng?yiu vi NgU dung hgc, Nxb Giio Dvic, Hul.
Chiing mdy di trong Idn^ cd truyen dan, cd 3. D8 HOU Chiu (2005), Bgi cuong Ngon
do, tao ddy chua cdch cd chdng mdy dd mdl nga hoc (tdp 2), Nxb Giio Dvic, HN.
A ra cdi ddn ndy budng binh nhi? Chdng mdy 4. Nguyin Ehic Din (2001), Budc diu Am
muin nit don ra hay chdng mdy mudn ngii tiihiiu ve l^ thuyit Igp ludn, Tp. HCM.
ndo? Ong dd thuong hgi, dng bdo thdt cho lgi 5. Dio Myc Dich (2001), Ngdn ngU vd
cdn cung cii Ndo, Ihi ldo di kia mudn xin phuong phdp Igp lugn (trdn cd li$u phi binh
boi thudng tndy trdm bgc thi di dng phi vdo vin hpc bing tilng Vi^t), Luin vin th^c sT,
ddy roi dng di me nd lin Hnh cho chdng mdyDH Ting hpp Hi Ndi.
khdn khd cd di nao. Vd phic thi ddo l{ing 6. Hi Minh Ddc vi nhilu tic gii (1969),
dinh ddy, cdc con gl". Lip luin dvra trdn IS Ca sd li ludn vdn hgc (tip 1), Nxb Giio dvic,
HN.
tiiudng xi h$i di khiln cho lip luinti4ndn
7. Trln Ngpc Them (1995), Hi thing lien
m ^ mS, vihig chic vi giy "sg hdC cho dii kit vdn bdn tiing Viit, Khoa hpc Xi h9i, HN
phuong. Tuy nhien cich sd dvmg cic IS TAI LlfU TRlCH DAN
tiiudng xi hdi d quan huy^n, quan phu khdng 1. Tuyin tgp Nguyin Cdng Hoan (2016),
kSm cic ylu to "tvic" nhu Ly trudng, cai 1$ tip 1+ 2. Nxb Vin hpc,
ddng. Cich sd dving IS thudng xi hdi d tim 2. Tuyin Igp VU Trgng Phung (2011), tip
phi quit rdng, thudng mang tinh giing giii 1+2. Nxb Vin hpc, 2011.
vi d chdng mvic nio dd vi$n din ci quan trdn 3. Vin hpc Vipt Nam hifn d?i (2010),
(ngudi tiy) de dd ndn, din ip. Tuyin ldp Nam Cao, Nxb Thdi d$i.
3.Kltlu|n 4. Vin hpc Vift Nam hidn d^ (2012), Ngd
Khi xem x^t cic lip luin, cd nhfhig 15 Tat Ti luyen tdp, Nxb Vin hpc.
thudng phi quit cho tit ci cic nhin v^t, cd 5.Ngd Tit Tl (2012), Liu chdng, Nxb Vin
nhQng IS thudng die thd cho tdng h$ thing hpc.