Personal Development-Course Material 2 - Developing The Whole Person

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1st Term, S.Y. 2022-2023 Personal Development

PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
COURSE MATERIAL NO. 2
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WHAT WILL YOU LEARN?
This module has been designed

to help you:
• Discuss the relationship

among physiological,
cognitive, psychological,
spiritual and social
development to understand
his/her thoughts, feelings,
and behaviors.
• Evaluate his/her own
thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors.
• Show connections between
thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors in actual life
situations through journal
Source: https://www.ukboardingschools.com/news/jumping-joy-level-competition-
winners-2015-2/
DEVELOPING
THE WHOLE
PERSON
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Hi, Nationalian!
WHATS’ INSIDE
THIS MODULE?
▪ Holistic Development & 5

You have learned that your unique self is Holism
a result of the interplay of the different
▪ Five Aspects that make up an
components of your personality. The
organism 7
wonders and challenges of what you are
going through now, as an adolescent, add ▪ Physiological Development 7
meaning to who you are and to the
person you will be in the future. Thus, in ▪ Cognitive Development 8
this module, you will be given the
▪ Jean Piaget & the 9
opportunity to learn and understand the Cognitive Development Theory
elements of self, including physiological,
cognitive, psychological, emotional, ▪ Emotional Development 13
social, moral, and spiritual, as well as
their implications to you. ▪ Moral Development 14
▪ Lawrence Kohlberg & 15

Moral Development Theory
▪ Attitudes & Behavior 18
Let’s get started. ▪ Social Development 19
▪ Spiritual Development 20
▪ Values & Virtues 20
▪ Relationship of Thoughts, 21
Feelings, & Behavior
▪ Performance Task &
Journal Entry 22
▪ References 24
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FOCUS
QUESTIONS
❖ What are the different

changes during adolescence
stage?
HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT
❖ How can we say that we Holistic development refers to human
develop holistically? development that is meant to involve all
the parts of a person.
HOLISM
Holism is about seeing things as a whole
and as something that is bigger than the
sum of its parts.
Mind and Body Dualism of

Descartes
Rene Descartes, one of the modern
philosophers of our time, influenced
much of mankind’s thinking with his
theory of duality or understanding the
nature of things in a simple, dual mode.
Examples: separation of body and spirit/mind and body,

yin and yang of the eastern culture, male-female gender,
black-white characteristics
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General Jan C. Smuts, a South African statesman,
wrote about holism as “the tendency in nature to form
wholes which are greater than the sum of the parts
through creative evolution .”
HOLISM & GESTALT
Concept of Gestalt – something that is made of many parts

and yet is somehow more than or different from the
combination of its parts; broadly, the general quality or
character of something.”
Example: in music, a symphony cannot be defined by one of its notes

alone, a car is made up of hundreds of different parts
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FIVE ASPECTS THAT MAKE UP AN
ORGANISM
1. Physiological or the physical attributes including
the five senses
2. Cognitive or the intellectual functions of the mind
3. Psychological or how thinking, feeling, and

behaving interact and happen in a person
4. Social or the manner by which an individual

interacts with other individuals or groups of
individuals
5. Spiritual or attributes to beliefs, values and virtues
PHYSIOLOGICAL/ PHYSICAL
DEVELOPMENT
Physiological or physical development can be
defined as the progress of a child's control over
his own body. This includes control over
muscles, physical coordination, ability to sit or
stand.
Physical development is the process of physical

growth in which (height, length, mass etc) of an
individual increases.
Source:https://www.keephealthyliving.com/how-to-live-
a-healthy-and-empowering-life.html
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Share your answer in here:
Are you comfortable with your

body image? Yes or No?
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Cognitive development deals with thinking and mental

process. It is further divided into six according to Bloom’s
Taxonomy.
➢ Knowledge
➢ Comprehension
➢ Application
➢ Analysis
➢ Synthesis
➢ Evaluation
Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy of Learning. In the revised Bloom’s Taxonomy, creating is

said to be the highest form of learning.
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JEAN PIAGET & THE COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT THEORY
Piaget was the first psychologist to make a

systematic study of cognitive development.
According to Piaget, children are born with a

very basic mental structure (genetically
inherited and evolved) on which all subsequent
learning and knowledge are based.
COGNITION
The term cognition is derived from the
Latin word “cognoscere” which means “to
know” or “to recognize” or “to
conceptualize”.
It refers to the mental processes by an
organism learns, remembers, understands,
perceives, solves problems and thinks about a
body of information.
SCHEMA
For example, at birth the schema of a baby is
Schemas are the basic structural units of human reflexive in nature such as sucking and grasping.
The sucking reflex is a schema, and the infant will
mind. They constitute patterns of behavior that suck on whatever is put in its mouth such as a
an individual use in dealing with objects in his nipple or a finger.
environment. Piaget called the schema the basic The infant is unable to differentiate because it has
only a single sucking schema. Slowly, the infant
building block of intelligent behavior – a way of learns to differentiate where milk- producing
organizing knowledge. objects are accepted while non-milk objects are
rejected.
A schema can be defined as a set of linked mental At this point, the infant has two sucking schemas,
representations of the world, which we use both one for milk-producing objects and one for non-
milk producing objects.
to understand and to respond to situations.
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ADAPTATION
It is the ability of the person to adjust to the
environment and to interact with it. It’s a process
that takes place through direct interaction with
the environment.
Two Sides of Adaptation

1. Assimilation
2. Accommodation
ASSIMILATION ACCOMMODATION
Assimilation is using an existing Accommodation involves modifying
schema to deal with a new object or existing schemas or ideas, as a result of
situation. new information or new experiences.
It is the process of taking in new

information into our already existing The boy who had assimilated the
schemas. Donkey as a Horse will eventually
accommodate more information and
thus realize the different characteristics
between a Horse and a Donkey. The
child will learn that the Donkey is not a
Horse but a Donkey, an accommodated
ability.
EQUILIBRIUM
According to Piaget’s theory, optimal level of intellectual functioning takes
place when there is a balance between assimilation and accommodation. This
process of maintaining this balance is termed as Equilibration.
Equilibration helps explain how children can move from one stage of thought into
the next
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THINK. PAIR. SHARE
Find a partner. Discuss with each other some memories of your
childhood where you experienced the concept of assimilation and
accommodation.
STAGES OF PIAGET’S COGNITIVE

DEVELOPMENT THEORY
Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 y/o)
Pre-operational Stage (2-7 y/o)
Concrete Operational Stage (7-12 y/o)
Formal Operational Stage (12- adulthood)
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SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
The first stage of Piaget’s theory starts from birth to approximately age 0-2 and is
centered on the infant trying to make sense of the world. During this stage, the child's
knowledge is limited to sensory perceptions and simple motor activities.
e.g., looking, sucking, grasping.
PRE- OPERATIONAL STAGE

Piaget’s second stage, preoperational thought, features the flourishing use of mental
representations and the beginnings of logic.
This stage begins when the child starts to use symbols and language. This is a period
of developing language and concepts.
So, the child is capable of more complex mental representations i.e., words and
images. He is still unable to use ‘operations’, i.e. logical mental rules, such as the rules
of arithmetic.
CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE

The Concrete Operational stage is characterized by the appropriate use of logic. This
is stage when capacity for logical thought first emerge.
FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE

This is the most complete stage of development. Ability to deal with abstract concepts
and abstract reasoning develops by about age 11. According to Piaget, after the expiry
of the formal operation stage the child may reach full intellectual potential.
Successful communication, in other words, requires a feel for the child’s stage of
intellectual development.
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How would you describe the way your mind works
(the way you think) in this particular period of
your teenage life?
Source:
https://www.amazon.com/stores/MakeItReal/CognitiveS
kills_parents/Page/AEBE5B63-072D-4AE5-9178-
26B164612303
PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
Refers to how thinking, feeling, and behaving interact and happen in a person
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
When we talk about emotional development, we are referring to children’s growing
ability to:
➢ identify and understand their own feelings
➢ accurately read and understand the feelings of others
➢ manage the way they feel
➢ shape the way they behave

➢ develop empathy for others, and
➢ Build and keep good relationships with friends, family and others.
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What do you notice about
your actions when you
experience intense
emotions?
Source: https://myfirstgym.com.au/kids-feelings/
MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Moral development is a process through MORALITY
which a child develops proper attitudes or
behaviors towards the other people in the Recognition of the distinction between
society, based on various things such good and evil or between right and
social and cultural norms, laws and rules. wrong; respect for and obedience to the
rules of right conduct; the mental
disposition or characteristic of behaving
in a manner intended to produce good
results.
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LAWRENCE KOHLBERG & THE
MORAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY
Kohlberg believed that moral development,
like cognitive development, follows a series of stages.
He used the idea of moral dilemmas—stories that

present conflicting ideas about two moral values—to
teach 10 to 16 year-old boys about morality and values.
Kohlberg emphasized that it is the way an

individual reasons about a dilemma that determines
positive moral development.
STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY
S
I E
S
I
S
S
S
S I
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ATTITUDES
- person’s thoughts, feelings, and emotions about

another person, object, idea, behavior, or situation
- result of a person’s evaluation of an experience with

another person, idea, behavior, or situation based on his
or her values and belief system.
BEHAVIOR
manifestation or acting out of the attitudes an
individual has.
✓ When faced with a moral dilemma,

adolescents must be able to stand on
what their personal conscience dictates
them to do. You need to build your
own moral codes which you will use as
basis in judging what is right from
wrong. It includes your personal and
social codes that guide you to control
your behaviors and act accordingly.
In this period of your

teenage life, what are your
views about morality?
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SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Social development refers to the process by

which a child learns to interact with others
around them. As they develop and perceive
their own individuality within their
community, they also gain skills to
communicate with other people and process
their actions.
IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
➢ Develop language skills
➢ Build self esteem
➢ Strengthen learning skills
➢ Resolve conflicts
➢ Establish positive attitude
➢ Communication skills
➢ Links with others
How do you describe your social

connection at this period of your
teenage life?
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SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT
Spiritual development is the development of
the personality towards a religious
or spiritual desired better personality.
VALUES
Values are a system of beliefs that adhere to
the highest ideals of human existence. These
ideals create meaning and purpose in a
person’s life that often result in personal
happiness and self-fulfillment.
VIRTUES
Virtues are descriptions of or adjectives that
reflect a value
TAKE NOTE: Values are usually nouns

while virtues are the descriptors that usually
mirror the value it represents.
How do you describe your spiritual

life at this period of your teenage
year?
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RELATIONSHIP OF THOUGHTS,
FEELINGS AND BEHAVIOR
(Llagas et al., 2020)
• Your thoughts, feelings, and actions interplay with one another. Your
thoughts determine your mood or emotions. You act upon what you
think and feel. Your way of thinking is influenced by your personal,
familial, and social experiences, which may not all be positive.
• Let’s take a closer look on your automatic negative thoughts (ANT’s)

or anxiety provoking thoughts that just seem to come into our mind
without any basis, which can make you feel sad, hopeless and angry.
Further, you may also be nurturing ANTs unconsciously. The more
you believe them, the more pessimistic and unhappy you become.
Hence, the way to overcome these negative feelings is to challenge
your negative thoughts. To be able to challenge your negative
thoughts, you need to acknowledge them first. In being aware of them,
you will know how they affect you.
• Thus, the interplay of your thoughts, feelings, and actions significantly

affects your attitudes, behavior, and personality which contribute to
your uniqueness as a person. When you take charge of the way you
think and deliberately choose what thoughts to entertain, you control
your emotions and how you express them. An emotionally stable
teenager knows how to let off emotional steam in a socially acceptable
manner. Taking control of your thoughts and your emotions and
making good actions are indicators that you are slowly maturing.
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PERFORMANCE TASK
DEVELOPING HOLISTICALLY
• You will be grouped into five groups. List down the changes that an
adolescent goes through for each aspect.
• Think of the possible consequences (both positive and negative)
brought about by these changes.
• Make a chart of these changes and the possible consequences.
• Show your output in class. Your output should be in Powerpoint
presentation or Canva form. Assign a member or two to explain your
work next meeting.
RUBRIC FOR GROUP REPORTING AND OUTPUT
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JOURNAL ENTRY 2
LIVING A BALANCED LIFE

You will write a journal entitled “How Do I Live A Balanced
Life as an Adolescent?” In your write-up, you have to explain the
steps or activities on how you are going to work on developing
every aspect of your life as a person to achieve holistic development
particularly during your adolescent period. There will be no
minimum number of words or sentences but make sure that your
work will show comprehensive details. It will be put on a short
bond paper with format: Times New Roman, 12, 1.15 spacing and
justified. It will be submitted on September 12, 2022.
RUBRIC FOR JOURNAL OUTPUT
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REFERENCES
Llagas, R.G.; Lopez, M. J. C.; Rosario, E. D.; & Tobias, A. III D. (2020). Personal
Development Course Material 2. National University Fairview
Macayanan, J. V.; Castillo, J. C. D.; & Ofalia, B. C. (2020). Stages of Human

Development. Personal Development: A Journey to Life from Now
and Beyond. Quezon City. C&E Publishing, Inc. pp. 9-11
Mejorada, et. al (2016) Growing in Character: A Senior High School Textbook

on Personal Development. Brilliant Creations Publishing, Inc.
Ramos,M. (2016) Moving Up: A Guide to Personal and Career

Development. Phoenix Publishing House
Santos,R. ( 2016) Personal Development 1st Edition. Rex Bookstore
PREPARED BY:
Bayran, Garry C.
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1st Term, S.Y. 2022-2023 Personal Development

This module has been designed

• Discuss the relationship

▪ Holistic Development & 5

▪ Lawrence Kohlberg & 15

▪ Attitudes & Behavior 18

Let’s get started. ▪ Social Development 19

▪ Values & Virtues 20

❖ What are the different

Mind and Body Dualism of

Examples: separation of body and spirit/mind and body,

HOLISM & GESTALT

Concept of Gestalt – something that is made of many parts

Example: in music, a symphony cannot be defined by one of its notes

2. Cognitive or the intellectual functions of the mind

3. Psychological or how thinking, feeling, and

4. Social or the manner by which an individual

5. Spiritual or attributes to beliefs, values and virtues

Physical development is the process of physical

Are you comfortable with your

Cognitive development deals with thinking and mental

Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy of Learning. In the revised Bloom’s Taxonomy, creating is

Piaget was the first psychologist to make a

According to Piaget, children are born with a

Two Sides of Adaptation

It is the process of taking in new

STAGES OF PIAGET’S COGNITIVE

Pre-operational Stage (2-7 y/o)

Concrete Operational Stage (7-12 y/o)

Formal Operational Stage (12- adulthood)

e.g., looking, sucking, grasping.

PRE- OPERATIONAL STAGE

CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE

FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE

Share your answer in here:

➢ identify and understand their own feelings

➢ accurately read and understand the feelings of others

➢ manage the way they feel

➢ shape the way they behave

Share your answer in here:

He used the idea of moral dilemmas—stories that

Kohlberg emphasized that it is the way an

STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY

- person’s thoughts, feelings, and emotions about

- result of a person’s evaluation of an experience with

✓ When faced with a moral dilemma,

Share your answer in here:

In this period of your

Social development refers to the process by

➢ Build self esteem

➢ Strengthen learning skills

➢ Establish positive attitude

➢ Links with others

Share your answer in here:

How do you describe your social

TAKE NOTE: Values are usually nouns

Share your answer in here:

How do you describe your spiritual

• Let’s take a closer look on your automatic negative thoughts (ANT’s)

• Thus, the interplay of your thoughts, feelings, and actions significantly

RUBRIC FOR GROUP REPORTING AND OUTPUT