“Effect Of Social Media To The Behavioral

Aspect Of Selected Student In Pasay City West”

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for

the Senior High School
Research in Daily Life

Submitted by:

Matias Laluces Aldrich

Morales S. Rain Justine
Adame Jr. Lysander
Centeno G. Laureanna Vanessa
Abanilla, Jairo Bautista

Submitted to:
Mrs. Roselyn Dela Peña

Table Of Content
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 Page

Chapter 1

The Problem and Its Background

Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………
Background of The Study ……………………………………………………………………..
Rationale for Choice of Methodology ………………………………………………………...
Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………………………
Scope and Delimitation of the Study………………………………………………………….
Significance of the Study………………………………………………………………………

Chapter 2

Theoretical Framework…………………………………………………………………………
Review of Related Literature and Studies……………………………………………………...
Conceptual/Theoretical Framework……………………………………………………………
Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………………………….

Chapter 3

Research Methodology

Research Design………………………………………………………………………………..
Respondents of the Study………………………………………………………………………
Instrument of the Study………………………………………………………………………...
Validity and Reliability………………………………………………………………………...

Chapter 4

Presentation of data…………………………………………………………………………….
Analysis…………………………………………………………………………………………
Interpretation……………………………………………………………………………………
Discussion………………………………………………………………………………………

Chapter 5

Findings…………………………………………………………………………………………
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………
Recommendation……………………………………………………………………………….

References…………………………………………………………………………………………

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 Chapter I
Introduction
`Today, the world is embracing the
advancements incommunication technology which
has reduced the limitations of communication
through “Information and Communication
Technologies”, also known as ICTs. Modern
Technology has turned the world into a
“globalvillage”. But like a coin, technology has
both its negative and positive sides. Technology
helps people to be informed and updated with
current phenomena and world development. It
exposes mankind to a more simpleand efficient
way of doing things. The various social networking
sites include:Twitter, Skype, Yahoo, and
Facebook. These social networking sites
arecommonly used to interact with old and new
friends, whether they are real oronline (Asemah &
Edegoh, 2018).
This research will find out what these social
media are. What are their use in the lives of the
students and their implications on their
behavior.The Researcher will be conducting a
Study on Pasay City West with the participants of
grade 11 Humss Student in the year of (2023). By
conducting studies on the social media effect on
behavior, researchers can identify these potential
negative effects and work to develop strategies to
mitigate them.social media platforms have become
a ubiquitous aspect of modern life, with billions of
people using them worldwide. As social media use
has become increasingly common in daily life,
used by billions of people on a regular basis.
This research examines the issues of the
relation between social media and its effect on
behaviour change of the youth. Today, messages
can reach audiences and target groups in real time
and they can generate changes and tendencies.
Crowds are becoming more powerful through
technology, because technology has the ability to
unite them.Individuals behaviour is seen as the
response or reaction of how an individual behaves
and develop his/her relationship in the school
3
environment or anywhere the person found
him/herself as a result of the use of mobile phones,
IPads, tablets, laptops and other internet services.
Reasonable attention has been given to the
negative side of social networking sites; such as
cyberbullying, parent-child interactions, internet
addiction, and the influence of social media use on
sleep disturbance and academic performance
(Suhail and Bargees, 2019).
The effect of social media on students'
behavior is a complex and multi-faceted issue, with
both positive and negative effects. On the one
hand, social media can be a valuable tool for
communication, collaboration, and learning,
allowing students to connect with peers and access
educational resources. On the other hand, excessive
use of social media can lead to a range of negative
outcomes, including decreased academic
performance, poor mental health, and risky
behavior.
By doing this studies on the social media
effect on behavior is important for understanding
the effect of these platforms on individuals and
society, as well as for identifying ways in which
we can promote positive behaviors and mitigate
potential negative effects. The goal of this research
is to address the effect and implications of social
media on the Pasay City West Students especially
those students who are using these medium and the
consequences of that use on their behaviour.
Background of The Study
Social media platforms have become a
ubiquitous aspect of modern life, with billions of
people using them worldwide. The digital
consumption has drastically changed with the
invasion of social media in all walks of our lives.
Businesses and academics have been intrigued with
the wide application of social media and the way it
has transformed our lives.
The speed of Internet has changed the way
people receive the information. Many people, who
have access to the Internet at school, home and at
work place use the Internet for no other purpose
than to send and to receive the mail. It‘s not just
friends and co-workers that are receiving email.
Wherever you look, the web is providing email
addresses. This has made communication between
the strangers easier than ever. Social media can
improve students' social skills by allowing them to
connect with people from different backgrounds,
share their thoughts, and collaborate with others on
projects. However, over-reliance on social media
for communication can also hinder their ability to
interact with others in person. Social media can
expose students to privacy risks, such as identity
theft, cyber stalking, and online harassment.
Students need to be aware of the potential risks and
take necessary precautions to protect their online
privacy. Social media has been linked to a range of
potential negative effects on behavior, such as
addiction, anxiety, depression, cyberbully, and the
spread of misinformation.
` It is therefore the aim of this study is to
establish the effect that these social media has on
the young individual‘s behavioral change and by
conducting studies on the social media effect on
behavior, researchers can identify these potential
negative effects and work to develop strategies to
mitigate them.social media platforms have become
a ubiquitous aspect of modern life, with billions of
people using them worldwide. As such,
understanding the effect that social media has on
behavior is crucial, as it can have significant
implications for individuals, organizations, and
society as a whole.
Rationale for Choice of Methodology
The rationale of the methodology for
studying the effect of social media on the behavior
of students is to use rigorous and systematic
research methods to answer research questions and
test hypotheses. This study allowed the researcher
to gather data directly from the students in their
natural environment for the purpose of studying
their attitudes, views and comments about their day
to day interactions with social media. This research
is to address the effect and implications of social
media on the Pasay City West Student's especially
those students who are using these medium and the
consequences of that use on their behaviour. This
study will try to find out the effect that social
media has on the youth‘s behaviour.Conducting
studies on the social media effect on behavior is
4
important for understanding the effect of these
platforms on individuals and society, as well as for
identifying ways in which we can promote positive
behaviors and mitigate potential negative effects.
Statement Of the Problem
The study aims to find out the effect that
social media has on Pasay City West
student’s behavior.
The following research questions guided the study:
1. To what extent does the use of social media
influence the behavior of selected students?
2. What are the effects of social media on the
behavior of selected students?
3. How does the negative impact of social media
usage affect the behavior of selected students, and
how do they cope with it?
Scope and Delimitation
`The researcher will be conducting a
research on Pasay City West with the participants
of grade 11 Humss in the year of (2023). The
researcher will concentrate on the responses to the
offered questions from the chosen sections and
participants, and so on our own experiences. It will
also focus on the replies to the provided questions
from the selected parts and participants, as well as
our own experiences.
The study sought to find out the effects in
social media on student behavior change in Pasay
City West. While the study recognize individuals
other than Pasay City West Student and as much as
it limited itself to only students. Will only focus on
Pasay City West High school respondents.The
researcher will explain to them that the study is
purely for academic purposes and not motivated by
any other interests whatsoever. The study will used
a quantitative methods, A methodological
preference for qualitative research.
Significance of the study

The purpose of this study is to get precise
data about the effect of social media to the
behavioral aspects of selected students in Pasay
City West High School.
Students. Every student's life revolves
around social media in some way. Social media
frequently makes it simpler and more convenient to
get information, share information, and
communicate. Tutors and students can connect
with one another and utilize these platforms
effectively for the purposes of studying and
teaching.
Society. Social media is very beneficial for
society. It has helped individuals connect and build
relationships with not just people you know but
other people.
Teacher/s. This study might help the
teacher to guide their students about using social
media. They might give their students an advise for
the advantage and disadvantage pf social media
influence.
Future Researchers. may use this work as
a guide for their own research. Additionally, this
can be used to gain a deeper comprehension of this
subject.
Chapter II
Review of Related Literature and Studies
Social media has changed not only our
powers of thinking, but today governs our behavior
and social conducts as well.Today, technology has
created new styles of communication for us, which
is social media, social media made a huge effect on
people's daily lives. Social media has brought
together people with common interests and
expanded the horizon of ideas around the world.
(Pishu Jain, 2018)
Social media has become pervasive,
effecting the social fabric of our society and
changing the nature of social relationships. It has
revolutionized the way we communicate, interact
and socialize. New technologies help facilitate and
5
provide flexibility in communicating and sharing
of resources. This new approach to consuming and
creating information is in particular attractive to
youths as a platform and space for activities not
possible in the face-to-face context. However,
excessive use of social media tools by Senior High
School students has led to debate over whether or
not it has changed the very shape and structure of
students’ social behavior and academic practices,
and has thus caused leading educators to redefine
their understanding of interpersonal
communication and study dynamics.
Social media has turned into an essential
element of individuals’ lives including students in
today’s world of communication. Its use is growing
significantly more than ever before especially in
the post-pandemic era, marked by a great
revolution happening to the educational systems.
Recent investigations of using social media show
that approximately 3 billion individuals worldwide
are now communicating via social media (Iwamoto
and Chun, 2020).
This growing population of social media
users is spending more and more time on social
network groupings, as facts and figures show that
individuals spend 2 h a day, on average, on a
variety of social media applications, exchanging
pictures and messages, updating status, tweeting,
favoring, and commenting on many updated
socially shared information. Information and
communication technology has changed rapidly
over the past 20 years, with a key development
being the emergence of social media. The aim of
this study is to examine whether the use of the
internet and social media has led people to be more
concerned about themselves than former
generations. The potential consequences of mental
and emotional distress among different age groups
are analyzed
In the ’20s, social media took over
communication with Dozens of Mobile
applications and desktop applications which make
life easy for Everyone. In-home, Every single
person has Cells, Laptops, and other devices to
engage themselves in social media platforms but
seriously none of them know about how is social
media changing relationships and behavior.
Teenagers are particularly vulnerable to the
negative effects of social media as they are still in
their developmental years.By the age of 17,
approximately 75% of teens already have at least
one active social media account, and over two-
thirds of teenagers have a mobile device they
personally own that has access to the
Internet.According to the University of Nevada
School of Medicine, teenagers aren’t sporadic in
their use of social media either, with 50% of teens
aged 13 to 17 visiting online platforms multiple
times a day. Teenage girls spend over 140 minutes
per day online, and teens, on average, can reach a
staggering 70 minutes of online time daily
A 2019 study published in the European
Journal of Communication analyzed how various
life changes and circumstances could affect social
media use in daily life. Researchers discovered that
the most significant change in both the course of
one’s life as well as their social media usage habits
came from having children.The Pew Research
Center found that in 2021, a rapidly growing 81%
of adults in the United States use YouTube on a
regular basis, and Facebook continued to remain
one of the most widely-used platforms with a usage
rate of 69%. Among young adults under the age of
30, Instagram, Snap chat, and TikTok were most
widely used.
Social Media and Well- being
As prevalent as social media is today, it’s
responsible for exacerbating mental health
problems and directly affecting the quality of real-
life social relationships in a negative way. Social
media can evoke feelings of envy that lead to
depression and anxiety in individuals, potentially
causing a downward spiral in psychological well-
being. In his 2021 Protecting Youth Mental Health
advisory, the U.S. Surgeon General warned the
American public of a mental health crises among
young adults caused in part by their overuse of
social media. He cited several studies about the
harms of social media, many of which “argue that
digital technologies can lead to depression, anxiety,
and self-harm.
6
Social media has been shown to be linked
to increased feelings of anxiety upon excessive use.
Teenagers faced the brunt of this effect by being
one of the most likely age groups to suffer from
anxiety caused by browsing and lingering on social
media platforms.Studies have shown that social
media is correlated to increased feelings of
depression among its users. This trend is especially
visible in adolescents, highlighted by another study
that connects increased screen time among
teenagers with a higher risk of depression and
suicide.
Lin, L. Y., et al. (2016) - This study found a
significant association between social media use
and depression among young adults. It revealed
that higher social media use was linked to
increased depressive symptoms. The constant
exposure to idealized portrayals on social media,
social comparison, cyberbullying, and fear of
missing out may contribute to the negative impact
on well-being.
Shakya, H. B., & Christakis, N. A. (2017) -
Conducting a longitudinal study, the researchers
discovered that increased Facebook use was
associated with declines in well-being over time.
The study highlighted that the more individuals
used Facebook, the more their life satisfaction and
mental health declined. This suggests that
excessive engagement with Facebook can have a
negative influence on overall well-being.
Hunt, M. G., et al. (2018) - Investigating
the relationship between social media use and
mental health, this study found that limiting social
media decreased feelings of loneliness and
depression. By reducing social media consumption,
individuals experienced improvements in their
well-being. This suggests that excessive use of
social media platforms may have a detrimental
effect on mental health and overall well-being.
Odgers, C. L., et al. (2018).This
longitudinal study examined the association
between adolescent social media use and mental
health in early adulthood. The findings suggested
that higher social media use during adolescence
was associated with increased risk of mental health
issues in early adulthood, highlighting the potential
long-term impact on well-being.
Houghton, S., et al. (2018).This study
investigated the relationship between social media
affective usage and depression symptoms. The
findings revealed that individuals who reported
using social media to manage their emotions and
seek validation were more likely to experience
depression symptoms. This highlights the
importance of considering the emotional
motivations behind social media use and their
potential impact on well-being.
Vannucci, A., et al. (2019). Examining the
association between social media use and body
image dissatisfaction among adolescents, this study
found that higher social media use was linked to
increased body image dissatisfaction. The constant
exposure to idealized body images on social media
platforms may contribute to negative self-
perception and well-being concerns.
Vogel, E. A., et al. (2019). This research
investigated the relationship between passive social
media use (e.g., scrolling, observing) and
psychological well-being. The findings indicated
that passive social media use was associated with
increased depressive symptoms and decreased
well-being. Engaging in more active and
purposeful interactions on social media platforms
may be more beneficial for well-being.
Social Media and Social
A publication in the European Scientific
Journal found that approximately 88% of people
engage in making some type of social comparison
on Facebook, showing a direct link between social
media use and lower self-esteem.A study from the
University of Pennsylvania found that Facebook,
Snapchat, and Instagram use can have negative
effects on a person’s well-being and can increase
feelings of loneliness and depression. Similarly, a
2020 study from BMC Psychology discovered
several interesting data points regarding “social
media disorder” and its relationship to loneliness.
Researchers found that females are more likely to
experience loneliness from social media than males
7
and that individuals with a secondary level of
education are more likely to be affected.
Kross, E., et al. (2018) - This study found
that increased Facebook use was associated with
decreased well-being and life satisfaction,
potentially due to reduced face-to-face social
interactions. Students who spent more time on
social media platforms may exhibit behaviors
indicative of decreased social engagement and
changes in their social life. They may become
more focused on online interactions rather than
building and maintaining meaningful relationships
offline, which can lead to feelings of isolation and
a decline in their overall social well-being.
Blease, C. (2018) - This research explored
the impact of social media on interpersonal
relationships among college students. The findings
indicated that excessive social media use was
associated with decreased intimacy and closeness
in friendships. Students who heavily relied on
social media for communication may exhibit
behaviors indicative of reduced social
contentedness and changes in their social life. They
may struggle to develop deep, meaningful
relationships as online interactions may lack the
emotional depth and nonverbal cues present in
face-to-face interactions.
Dhir, A., et al. (2018) - This study
examined the association between social media use
and loneliness among young adults. The results
suggested that higher levels of social media use
were linked to increased feelings of loneliness and
decreased social contentedness. Students who spent
more time on social media platforms may display
behaviors indicative of social isolation and changes
in their social life. They may experience a sense of
disconnectedness from their peers and have
difficulty establishing meaningful connections,
leading to a decline in their social well-being.
Nesi, J., et al. (2018) - This research
investigated the relationship between social media
use and social competence among adolescents. The
findings revealed that excessive social media use
was associated with decreased social competence
and poorer social skills. Students who heavily
relied on social media for social interactions may
exhibit behaviors indicative of reduced social
confidence and changes in their social life. They
may struggle with face-to-face communication,
problem-solving, and navigating social situations,
leading to challenges in forming and maintaining
healthy relationships.
Rosen, L. D., et al. (2019) - This study
examined the impact of social media use on
adolescents' social well-being. The findings
indicated that higher levels of social media use
were associated with increased social anxiety and
decreased social skills. Students who engaged
extensively in social media activities may display
behaviors indicative of social difficulties and
changes in their social life. Excessive social media
use may contribute to comparing oneself to others,
fear of missing out, and self-presentation concerns,
which can lead to heightened social anxiety and
difficulties in face-to-face interactions.
Liu, Q., et al. (2018) - This study examined
the relationship between social media use and
social capital among college students. The findings
indicated that higher levels of social media use
were associated with decreased social capital,
including reduced levels of trust, reciprocity, and
social support. Students who spent more time on
social media platforms may exhibit behaviors
indicative of decreased social connectedness and
changes in their social life.
Lee, R. L., & Robbins, L. B. (2018) - This
research investigated the impact of social media
use on adolescent social behaviors and peer
relationships. The results suggested that excessive
social media use was linked to increased
cyberbullying perpetration and victimization, as
well as decreased peer acceptance. Students who
engaged more in social media activities may
display behaviors indicative of negative social
interactions and changes in their social life.
Frison, E., & Eggermont, S. (2017) - This
study examined the relationship between social
media use and feelings of social exclusion among
adolescents. The findings revealed that higher
levels of social media use were associated with
increased feelings of exclusion and decreased
social well-being. Students who extensively engage
8
with social media platforms may exhibit behaviors
indicative of a sense of being left out and changes
in their social life.
Vannucci, A., et al. (2017) - This research
explored the association between social media use
and social anxiety among college students. The
results suggested that higher levels of social media
use were linked to increased social anxiety.
Students who spent more time on social media
platforms may exhibit behaviors indicative of
heightened social apprehension and changes in
their social life.
DE Vries, D. A., et al. (2018) - This study
investigated the impact of social media use on
adolescents' online and offline social integration.
The findings indicated that higher levels of social
media use were associated with decreased offline
social integration, including reduced involvement
in real-life social activities and decreased face-to-
face contact with friends. Students who heavily
relied on social media for social interactions may
exhibit behaviors indicative of decreased
engagement in offline social experiences and
changes in their social life.
Social Media and Family
Studies have shown that as parents increase
screen time, so do children. Screen time in these
studies included smartphones, television,
computers, and video games. Children mimic what
they are taught, and when parents use electronics
while sitting at a playground with their children,
the children were found to more likely to engage in
risky behaviors.In other family-effect of social
media studies, it was found that when a parent
arrived home from work and their children were
immersed in technology that the parent was greeted
30% of the time, and was ignored 50% of the time.
And when children who spent a significant amount
of time on social network sites stated they felt less
supported by their parents.Studies have shown that
there is a link between depression and increased
social media usage, and adolescents are most likely
to become affected by it, which in turn, affects
their family relationships.
 Liu, M., & Li, R. (2020) - This study
examined the impact of social media use on family
communication patterns among adolescents. The
findings suggested that excessive social media use
was associated with decreased face-to-face family
interactions. Students who spent more time on
social media platforms reported reduced
engagement in family conversations, leading to
potential disruptions in family dynamics and
decreased quality of family relationships.
Uhls, Y. T., et al. (2019) - This research
explored the influence of social media use on
parent-child relationships. The findings revealed
that high levels of social media use were associated
with decreased parent-child bonding and decreased
communication quality. Excessive use of social
media by students can lead to reduced
opportunities for meaningful interactions with
family members, affecting their behavior in terms
of engagement, openness, and connection with
their families.
Steers, M.-L. N., et al. (2017) - This study
investigated the impact of social media use on
family cohesion and conflict. The results indicated
that excessive social media use was associated with
increased family conflict and decreased family
cohesion. Students who spent more time on social
media platforms reported higher levels of conflict
with family members, which could affect their
behavior in terms of communication patterns,
emotional support, and overall family satisfaction.
Mesch, G. S. (2018) - This research
examined the relationship between social media
use and parent-adolescent relationship quality. The
findings revealed that excessive social media use
was associated with decreased parent-adolescent
closeness and increased parent-adolescent conflict.
Students who spent more time on social media
reported reduced interactions with their parents,
potentially leading to less emotional support,
limited bonding opportunities, and strained family
relationships.
Kircaburun, K., et al. (2019) - This research
investigated the impact of social media addiction
on family functioning. The findings revealed that
9
higher levels of social media addiction were
associated with lower levels of family cohesion
and communication. Students who exhibited
addictive social media behaviors reported reduced
interactions and communication with family
members, potentially leading to disrupted family
dynamics and strained relationships.
Kross, E., et al. (2018) - This study
examined the effects of Facebook use on subjective
well-being and social relationships. The findings
indicated that passive Facebook use (e.g., browsing
without actively engaging) was associated with
decreased well-being and decreased feelings of
connection with others, including family members.
Students who engaged passively on social media
platforms may have reduced opportunities for
meaningful family interactions and limited their
behavior in terms of actively seeking family
connection and engagement.
Van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., et al. (2020) -
This research explored the impact of social media
use on parent-adolescent relationships and family
functioning. The findings suggested that excessive
social media use was associated with decreased
parent-adolescent relationship quality, reduced
family cohesion, and increased family conflict.
Students who spent more time on social media
platforms reported less communication with their
parents and decreased participation in family
activities, potentially affecting their behavior in
terms of their level of involvement and interaction
within the family.
Valkenburg, P. M., et al. (2017) - This
study examined the effects of social media use on
parent-child relationships and family functioning.
The findings revealed that high levels of social
media use were associated with decreased parent-
child communication, reduced parental mediation
of online activities, and increased parent-
adolescent conflict. Students who engaged
extensively in social media reported decreased
interaction and connection with their parents,
which could impact their behavior in terms of
seeking support, sharing experiences, and engaging
in meaningful discussions with family members.
 Coyne, S. M., et al. (2017) - This study
examined the association between adolescents'
social media use and parent-adolescent relationship
quality. The findings revealed that higher levels of
social media use were linked to decreased parent-
adolescent relationship quality. Students who spent
more time on social media reported lower levels of
parental knowledge, increased conflict with
parents, and reduced overall satisfaction with the
parent-child relationship.
Moreno, M. A., et al. (2017) - This research
explored the relationship between social media use
and family communication patterns among
adolescents. The findings indicated that social
media use, specifically texting and video chatting,
facilitated more frequent and open communication
between adolescents and their parents. Students
who used social media platforms for
communication reported increased levels of family
connectedness and enhanced family interactions.
Yau, J. C., & Reich, S. M. (2018) - This
study examined the impact of social media use on
parent-child communication and relationship
quality. The results indicated that frequent social
media use by parents and adolescents was
associated with increased parent-child
communication about online experiences and
improved overall relationship quality. Students
who engaged in active discussions with their
parents about social media reported more positive
family interactions and increased trust between
family members.
Nesi, J., & Prinstein, M. J. (2018) - This
research explored the association between social
media popularity and adolescents' relationship
quality with their parents. The findings suggested
that higher social media popularity among students
was linked to decreased parent-adolescent
relationship quality. Students who were more
popular on social media platforms reported lower
levels of parent-adolescent communication and
reduced perceptions of parental support.
Fraser, A. M., et al. (2017) - This study
investigated the impact of social media use on
family connectedness among adolescents. The
results revealed that higher levels of social media
10
use were associated with decreased family
connectedness. Students who spent more time on
social media reported reduced opportunities for
family interactions, decreased shared activities, and
lower perceptions of family support and
understanding.
Ryan, T., & Xenos, S. (2017)They
examined the association between social media use
and individuals' narcissism. The results revealed
that higher levels of social media use were linked
to increased narcissistic tendencies among
students. Students who engaged extensively in self-
promotion and sought validation through social
media platforms displayed behaviors indicative of
narcissistic personality traits. Amichai-Hamburger,
Y., & Vinitzky, G. (2019) - This study investigated
the impact of social media use on individuals'
loneliness and social skills. The findings indicated
that excessive social media use was associated with
increased loneliness and reduced social skills
among students. Students who relied heavily on
online interactions may exhibit decreased face-to-
face social competence and decreased ability to
form deep, meaningful relationships.
Odgers, C. L., et al. (2018) - This research
examined the relationship between social media
use and adolescents' mental health and well-being.
The findings suggested that high levels of social
media use were associated with increased risk of
developing depressive symptoms and decreased
life satisfaction among students. These negative
effects on mental health could influence students'
behavior, such as withdrawal, decreased
motivation, and changes in their personality traits.
Kircaburun, K., & Griffiths, M. D. (2018) -
This study explored the association between social
media addiction and individuals' psychological
well-being and personality traits. The results
indicated that social media addiction was linked to
decreased psychological well-being and higher
levels of neuroticism and extraversion. Students
who exhibited addictive social media behaviors
may display changes in their behavior, such as
increased impulsivity, decreased emotional
stability, and reduced overall well-being.
 Laestadius, L. I., et al. (2017) - This study
discovered that higher levels of social media use
were associated with increased body image
concerns and dissatisfaction among adolescents.
Students who extensively engage with social media
platforms may exhibit behaviors related to negative
body image and changes in personality traits such
as self-consciousness and self-esteem.
Nesi, J., et al. (2018) - This research found
a positive association between social media use
and depressive symptoms among adolescents.
Higher levels of social media use were linked to
increased depressive symptoms. Students who
spend more time on social media platforms may
exhibit behaviors indicative of depressive
tendencies and changes in personality traits such as
introversion and withdrawal.
Wang, P., et al. (2018) - This study
revealed that excessive social media use was
associated with disrupted sleep patterns among
college students, including shorter sleep duration
and irregular sleep schedules. Students who engage
in extensive social media use may display
behaviors indicative of sleep disturbances and
changes in personality traits such as irritability and
fatigue.
Shakya, H. B., & Christakis, N. A. (2017) -
This research found that higher levels of social
media use were associated with decreased well-
being, including lower life satisfaction and
increased depressive symptoms. Students who
engage extensively in social media use may exhibit
behaviors indicative of decreased well-being and
changes in personality traits such as negative
affectivity.
Liu, D., et al. (2019) - This study found
that higher levels of social media use were
associated with increased extraversion and
decreased conscientiousness among college
students. Students who engaged more in social
media activities may display behaviors indicative
of extroversion and changes in their
conscientiousness, such as decreased self-
discipline and organization.
11
Odgers, C. L., et al. (2018) - This research
revealed that high levels of social media use were
associated with an increased risk of developing
depressive symptoms and decreased life
satisfaction among adolescents. These negative
effects on mental health could influence students'
behavior, such as withdrawal, decreased
motivation, and changes in their personality traits.
Al-Menayes, J. (2018) - This study found
that higher levels of social media use were
associated with decreased self-esteem and life
satisfaction among university students. Students
who spent more time on social media platforms
may exhibit behaviors indicative of low self-
esteem and reduced life satisfaction.
Elhai, J. D., et al. (2017) - This research
discovered a positive association between
problematic social media use and higher levels of
anxiety among college students. Students who
engaged in problematic social media use may
display behaviors indicative of heightened anxiety
and changes in personality traits such as
neuroticism.
Social Media and School Works
Kirschner, P. A., & Karpinski, A. C. (2010)
- This study explored the relationship between
social media use and academic performance among
college students. The findings indicated a negative
correlation between time spent on social media and
academic achievement. Excessive use of social
media was associated with reduced study time,
poor time management, and lower grades,
suggesting that social media can have a detrimental
effect on students' behavior regarding their school
work.
Junco, R. (2015) - This research examined
the impact of social media multitasking on
students' academic performance. The findings
revealed that engaging in multiple social media
activities while studying led to lower academic
outcomes. Multitasking on social media platforms
during school work was associated with
distractions, decreased focus, and reduced
productivity, negatively affecting students'
behavior in terms of their ability to concentrate and
perform well academically.
Verduyn, P., et al. (2017) - This study
investigated the relationship between passive social
media use (e.g., scrolling through feeds) and well-
being among college students. The results showed
that passive social media use was associated with
decreased well-being, including lower life
satisfaction and increased depressive symptoms.
These negative effects on students' well-being can
impact their behavior in terms of motivation,
concentration, and overall engagement with their
school work.
Raths, R. (2017) - This research explored
the influence of social media on students' study
habits and academic success. The findings
suggested that excessive social media use could
lead to poor study habits, such as procrastination
and reduced focus. Students who spent more time
on social media reported lower levels of academic
success, indicating that social media can affect
students' behavior by diverting their attention away
from school work.
Lee, S. J., et al. (2014) - This study
examined the impact of social media use on college
students' academic engagement and achievement.
The findings revealed that high levels of social
media use were associated with lower academic
engagement and performance. Students who spent
more time on social media reported lower levels of
classroom participation, reduced time devoted to
studying, and decreased academic achievement,
suggesting that social media can influence students'
behavior in terms of their level of engagement and
dedication to their school work.
Al-Menayes, J. J. (2017) - This study
explored the impact of social media use on
students' academic performance. The findings
indicated that excessive social media use was
associated with reduced study time, decreased
concentration, and lower grades. Students who
spent more time on social media reported higher
levels of academic procrastination and reduced
engagement with their school work.
12
Seo, M., et al. (2018) - This research
examined the relationship between social media
use and self-regulated learning among college
students. The findings revealed that heavy social
media users demonstrated lower levels of self-
regulated learning behaviors, such as goal setting
and planning. Excessive use of social media
platforms negatively impacted students' behavior
regarding their ability to manage their time
effectively and engage in proactive study
strategies.
Wang, Z., et al. (2018) - This study
investigated the effect of social media use on
students' academic performance and psychological
well-being. The results indicated that excessive
social media use was associated with poorer
academic performance and increased psychological
distress among students. These negative effects on
behavior could be attributed to the distraction, time
displacement, and negative social comparisons
often experienced on social media platforms.
Marengo, D., et al. (2018) - This research
explored the impact of social media use on
students' reading and writing skills. The findings
suggested that frequent social media use was
associated with lower levels of reading
comprehension and written expression. Students
who spent more time on social media exhibited
reduced attention span, limited vocabulary
development, and less practice in formal writing,
which negatively influenced their behavior
regarding academic reading and writing tasks.
Woods, H. C., & Scott, H. (2016) - This
study examined the relationship between social
media use and sleep patterns among college
students. The findings indicated that higher levels
of social media use were associated with poorer
sleep quality and increased daytime sleepiness.
These negative effects on behavior can impact
students' school work by reducing their ability to
concentrate, affecting cognitive function, and
contributing to fatigue during academic tasks.
Lepp, A., et al. (2017) - This research
investigated the impact of social media use on
students' academic success and well-being. The
results revealed that excessive social media use
was associated with lower academic performance
and increased levels of anxiety and depression.
These negative effects on behavior could be
attributed to the time-consuming nature of social
media, leading to reduced study time, decreased
focus, and emotional disturbances that affect
students' engagement with their school work.
Junco, R. (2018) - This study examined the
relationship between social media use and student
engagement in academic tasks. The findings
indicated that moderate social media use, with
purposeful breaks, had a positive effect on
students' behavior. Brief social media breaks
during study sessions were associated with
increased engagement, reduced boredom, and
improved cognitive performance, suggesting that
controlled and strategic use of social media can
have beneficial effects on students' academic
behaviors.
Rafi, A., et al. (2020) - This research
explored the influence of social media use on
students' time management skills and academic
performance. The findings indicated that excessive
social media use was associated with poor time
management behaviors, such as time wastage and
increased distraction. Students who reported higher
social media use exhibited lower academic
performance and compromised behaviors regarding
their ability to prioritize and allocate time
effectively for their school work.
Odaci, H., & Çikrikci, Ö. (2019) - This
study examined the impact of social media use on
students' attention and concentration in classroom
settings. The results revealed that students who
engaged in high levels of social media use
experienced more difficulty in maintaining focus
during class activities. Excessive social media use
negatively affected students' behavior by impairing
their attention, reducing their ability to concentrate,
and leading to decreased academic performance.
Koc, M., & Gulyagci, S. (2018) - This
research explored the relationship between social
media use and academic procrastination among
university students. The findings indicated that
higher levels of social media use were associated
with increased tendencies for academic
13
procrastination. Students who spent more time on
social media reported higher levels of delaying
academic tasks, leading to lower productivity and
poorer time management behaviors in relation to
their school work.
There has been a growing concern over the past
couple of decades regarding social media usage
among senior secondary school students, and its
influence on their life and education. Today’s
younger generation is hooked on social media, and
this digital landscape has put increased pressure on
teenagers. Formerly, communicating and free
sharing of thoughts between individuals was
limited due to distances, but now even with the
barriers of nationality or religion, the flow of
information and knowledge is still continuing
through the new globalization of social media.
Social media refers to the means of interaction
among individuals young and old where they
create, share, exchange, and comment within
themselves using different networks at their
disposal. Oberiri and Greg (2017)
Oberiri and Greg (2017) observed that
most utilized social networking site was Facebook
hence only very few students use the sites for
academic progress or development. While the most
encountered problems are receiving unwanted
comments, pictures, and videos, however, the idea
of social media was to keep this global world more
connected, but it has done more than that, it has
become the fourth meal of the day for the
younger generations.
Keles et al. (2020) provided a systematic
review of the effect of social media on young and
teenage students’ depression, psychological
distress, and anxiety. They found that depression
acted as the most frequent affective variable
measured. The most salient risk factors of
psychological distress, anxiety, and depression
based on the systematic review were activities such
as repeated checking for messages, personal
investment, the time spent on social media, and
problematic or addictive use.
Mathewson (2020) investigated the effect
of using social media on college students’ mental
health. The participants stated the experience of
anxiety, depression, and suicidality (thoughts of
suicide or attempts to suicide). The findings
showed that the types and frequency of using social
media and the students’ perceived mental health
were significantly correlated with each other.
This study explored the relationship
between Facebook use, academic performance, and
class standing of college students. It found that
excessive Facebook use was associated with lower
academic performance, potentially influencing
students' behavior and study habits. (Junco, R.,
2015).
This research investigated the connections
between loneliness, problematic internet use, and
addiction to social networking sites. It suggested
that higher levels of loneliness were associated
with problematic internet use and addictive
behaviors related to social media, potentially
affecting students' behavior and emotional well-
being. (Odaci, H., & Baruh, L., 2018)
Negative Effect of Social Media
Drakel et al. (2018) show that students are
more focused on social media when they are in the
teaching and learning process, and when they are
outside the classroom, there is almost no
communication between students.
While smartphones are bringing individuals
closer, they are also, to some extent, pulling people
apart (Tonacci et al., 2019). For instance, they can
lead to individuals ignoring others with whom they
have close ties or physical interactions; this
situation normally occurs due to extreme
smartphone use (i.e., at the dinner table, in
meetings, at get-togethers and parties, and in other
daily activities). This act of ignoring others is
called phubbing and is considered a common
phenomenon in communication activities
(Guazzini et al., 2019; Chatterjee, 2020).
It increases some cyber threats, such as
cyberbullying, which could be regarded as a
societal concern (Abaido, 2020; Chan et al., 2020).
14
Many researchers agree that new forms of
social media are likely to exacerbate this sort of
homogeneity and promote group isolation based on
one’s differing ideologies. One study that
examined this process found that, “around 18% of
social network users have blocked, unfriended, or
hidden someone because they disagreed with what
that person posted about politics” (Heatherly, Lu
and Lee 2017:1274).
Walsh (2017) noted that adolescents
reported lower levels of self-worth after passively
browsing social media sites like Facebook and
Instagram
Luna (2018) found that modern technology
use is detracting from moments we have in face-to-
face interactions.
Participants with smartphones lying face
down at the table during a meal with a friend or
family member cited lower levels of enjoyment
and connectedness, along with higher levels of
boredom and distraction than those participants
who put devices away (Luna, 2018).
Ashford (2017) found that individuals may
experience feelings of social isolation, de pression,
insecurity, jealousy, and poor self-esteem while
using social media. Some individuals develop
cognitive distortions when comparing their lives to
other users’ content, which may lead to feelings of
sadness and depression.
Vernon et al. (2017) explored change in
negative investment in social networking in
relation to change in depression and externalizing
behavior. These researchers found that increased
investment in social media predicted higher
depression in adolescent students, which was a
function of the effect of higher levels of disrupted
sleep.
As described by Iwamoto and Chun (2020),
when students are affected by social media posts,
especially due to the increasing reliance on social
media use in life, they may be encouraged to begin
comparing themselves to others or develop great
unrealistic expectations of themselves or others,
which can have several affective consequences.

Charoensukmongkol (2018) reckoned that
the mental health and well-being of the global
population can be at a great risk through the
uncontrolled massive use of social media. These
researchers also showed that social media sources
can exert negative affective impacts on teenagers,
as they can induce more envy and social
comparison
Barry et al. (2017) explored the
associations between the use of social media by
adolescents and their psychosocial adjustment.
Social media activity showed to be positively and
moderately associated with depression and anxiety.
Social media is not only addictive but can
also lead to suicide and self-harm. Teenagers on
the internet can do anything to receive attention.
When youth see someone is getting attention by
doing self-harm activity, they copycat without a
second thought. They do it to show their bravery or
because of poor mental health.The situation
worsens when they start sharing suicide methods
and encourage others to engage in suicidal
behavior. Researches and case studies show suicide
is contagious and can spread through social
networks. When a person notices the suicide
attempt or death, it stimulates that person’s risk of
suicidal thoughts and attempts. (Vinay Prajapati,
2021)
Primack, B. A., et al. (2017). Social media
use and perceived social isolation among young
adults in the U.S. - This study found that higher
levels of social media use were associated with
increased feelings of social isolation among young
adults, potentially leading to negative changes in
their behavior and social interactions.Primack, B.
A., et al. (2017). Social media use and perceived
social isolation among young adults in the U.S. -
This study found that higher levels of social media
use were associated with increased feelings of
social isolation among young adults, potentially
leading to negative changes in their behavior and
social interactions.
Yang, F., et al. (2018). Examining the
longitudinal relationship between online activity,
depression, and suicidal ideation in college
15
students. - This study revealed a significant
association between excessive online activity
(including social media use) and increased
depression and suicidal ideation among college
students, suggesting the potential negative impact
of social media on students' mental health and
behavior. Lepp, A., et al. (2017). The relationship
between cell phone use, academic performance,
anxiety, and satisfaction with life in college
students. - The research found that excessive cell
phone use, including social media engagement,
was negatively associated with academic
performance and life satisfaction while positively
associated with anxiety among college students.
Liu, C., et al. (2017). Social media use and
academic performance: A meta-analysis. - This
meta-analysis indicated a negative correlation
between social media use and academic
performance among students, suggesting that
increased social media use may lead to decreased
academic outcomes and potentially affect students'
behavior in terms of studying habits and
engagement in educational activities.
Orben, A., et al. (2019). The association
between adolescent well-being and digital
technology use. - The study found a small negative
association between digital technology use
(including social media) and adolescent well-being,
suggesting that excessive use of digital
technologies may contribute to negative changes in
behavior and well-being among students.
Chou, H.-T. G., & Edge, N. (2012). "They
are happier and having better lives than I am": The
impact of using Facebook on perceptions of others'
lives. - This study highlighted the potential
negative impact of social media, specifically
Facebook, on students' self-perception and
behavior, as they may compare their own lives
unfavorably to the seemingly perfect lives
portrayed by others on social media.
Rosen, L. D., et al. (2017). The impact of
screen time on children: A white paper. - This
literature review emphasized the negative effects of
excessive screen time, including social media use,
on children's behavior, such as decreased attention
spans, impaired social skills, and increased risk of
cyberbullying and online harassment.
Duffy, E. L., et al. (2018). The association
between problematic social media use, sleep
disturbance, and self-esteem in young adults. - This
study demonstrated that problematic social media
use was associated with sleep disturbance and
lower self-esteem among young adults, potentially
affecting their behavior in terms of sleep patterns
and self-perception.
Frison, E., & Eggermont, S. (2017) - This
meta-analysis examined the relationship between
Facebook use and adolescents' well-being. The
findings revealed a small negative association
between Facebook use and well-being, suggesting
that excessive use of the platform may have
detrimental effects on students' behavior and
emotional health, potentially leading to decreased
life satisfaction and increased psychological
distress.
Reinecke, L., et al. (2017). The effects of
preexisting conditions on digital media use and the
impact of digital media use on psychological well-
being: A diary study. - The research showed that
preexisting conditions, such as depression and
anxiety, can interact with social media use to
exacerbate negative psychological outcomes
among students, potentially influencing their
behavior
Odgers, C. L., et al. (2018) - This study
investigated the association between adolescent
social media use and mental health symptoms. The
findings from three longitudinal studies indicated
that increased social media use was associated with
higher levels of mental health symptoms, such as
depression and anxiety, among adolescents. These
findings suggest that social media use may impact
students' behavior and contribute to negative
psychological outcomes.
Wolniczak, I., et al. (2019) - This cross-
sectional study examined the association between
Facebook addiction, self-esteem, and life
satisfaction. The results showed a significant
relationship between Facebook addiction, low self-
esteem, and decreased life satisfaction among
16
students. This suggests that excessive use of
Facebook may lead to negative changes in
behavior and overall well-being, potentially
affecting students' self-perception and life
satisfaction.
Jelenchick, L. A., et al. (2013) - This
systematic review focused on the association
between Facebook use and depression and anxiety
symptoms among adolescents. The findings
suggested that excessive use of Facebook may
contribute to feelings of depression and anxiety,
potentially influencing students' behavior and
emotional well-being. The curated highlight the
need for a balanced approach to social media use
among adolescents.
Machackova, H., & Pfetsch, J. (2016) -
This study examined the impact of cyberbullying
on the health-related quality of life of adolescents.
The results indicated that cyberbullying was
associated with lower quality of life in emotional,
social, and physical aspects. Such negative
experiences can affect students' behavior and
overall well-being, potentially leading to
withdrawal, avoidance, or changes in their social
interactions.
Kircaburun, K., & Griffiths, M. D. (2018) -
This study investigated the association between
Instagram addiction, personality traits, and self-
liking. The findings suggested that excessive
Instagram use may lead to addiction and negatively
impact self-liking. This can potentially influence
students' behavior, self-perception, and overall
mental well-being.
De-Sola Gutiérrez, J., et al. (2016) - This
literature review focused on the potential negative
impact of social media on children's mental health.
It highlighted the increased risk of anxiety,
depression, and addictive behaviors associated with
excessive social media use. These negative effects
can influence students' behavior, emotional well-
being, and overall psychological health.
Marchant, A., et al. (2017) - This study
examined the relationship between Facebook
intrusion, subjective vitality, and positive mental
health. The findings suggested that excessive
Facebook use may lead to intrusion and decreased
subjective vitality, which can have implications for
students' behavior and overall mental well-being.
Decreased vitality may impact motivation,
engagement in activities, and social interactions.
Shakya, H. B., & Christakis, N. A. (2017) -
This longitudinal study investigated the association
between Facebook use and compromised well-
being. The findings revealed that increased
Facebook use was linked to lower life satisfaction
and increased depressive symptoms over time.
These negative outcomes can potentially influence
students' behavior, mood, and overall well-being,
highlighting the need for mindful social media use.
Positive Effects of Social Media
The increased use of social media platforms
such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, and
Twitter, among others, may provide opportunities
for decreasing social isolation. For instance, the
improved interpersonal connectivity achieved via
videos and images on social media helps users
evidence intimacy, attenuating social isolation
(Whaite et al., 2018).
Various kinds of technology created by
humans have a function to facilitate human life
itself. Some use social media when they need
entertainment. Someone who has these feelings
usually uses social media to deal with the
loneliness experienced due to a lack of direct
communication with others (Rosy 2018).
Social media provides several ways to
interact both with close ties, such as family,
friends, and relatives, and weak ties, including
coworkers, acquaintances, and strangers (Chen and
Li, 2017), and plays a key role among people of all
ages as they exploit their sense of belonging in
different communities (Roberts and David, 2020).
It positively impacts students in providing
them with continuous connectivity with peers and
lecturers, increasing information exchange, access
to learning materials and support, and
entertainment (Abbas et al., 2019)
17
For those who have a hard time with eye
contact or feel socially awkward, social media
networks allow them an opportunity to connect
with others in a format that may be more
comfortable, helping them form an identity and be
more in control of other’s perceptions of them
(Shafer, 2017).
Users can gain a greater sense of purpose of
life, increased levels of happiness, improved
mental health, and be provided with a sense that
one is loved, cared for, listened to, supported and
encouraged (Strickland, 2017).
Social media platforms have the ability to
“raise awareness, connect with people across the
world, and share moments of beauty that can be
empowering and uplifting” (Shafer, 2017, para. 7).
Manca, S., & Ranieri, M. (2016) - This
study investigated the role of social media in
collaborative learning. It found that social media
platforms provide opportunities for students to
engage in collaborative activities, share
knowledge, and communicate effectively. This
positive impact on students' behavior promotes
active participation, cooperation, and engagement
in academic tasks, fostering a sense of community
and enhancing their overall learning experience.
Junco, R., et al. (2017) - This research
examined the influence of Twitter use on student
engagement and grades. The findings revealed that
incorporating Twitter into educational activities
encouraged students to actively participate in
discussions, interact with peers, and seek
clarification. This positive effect on behavior
resulted in increased engagement, better
understanding of course content, and improved
academic performance.
Hew, K. F., & Cheung, W. S. (2017) - This
study explored the effects of social media use on
students' academic performance. The findings
suggested that strategic and purposeful integration
of social media in education positively impacted
students' behavior. By leveraging social media
tools for learning, students demonstrated improved
study habits, increased collaboration, and enhanced
information sharing, leading to higher academic
achievement.
Kabilan, M. K., et al. (2012) - This research
investigated the impact of social media use on
English language learning. It found that
incorporating social media platforms into language
learning activities facilitated communication,
collaboration, and interaction among students. This
positive influence on behavior encouraged active
participation, motivated learners to practice
language skills, and fostered a supportive learning
environment, resulting in improved language
proficiency.
Junco, R., et al. (2015) - This study
explored the influence of social media use on
students' sense of belonging in college. The
findings revealed that social media platforms
served as virtual spaces for students to connect,
share experiences, and form supportive
relationships. This positive impact on behavior
enhanced students' sense of community,
encouraged engagement in campus life, and
promoted a feeling of belongingness, which is vital
for their overall well-being and academic success.
Burke, M., & Kraut, R. E. (2016) - This
research examined the effects of Facebook use on
well-being and social capital among college
students. The findings indicated that active
engagement on Facebook, such as participating in
groups and connecting with classmates, positively
influenced students' behavior. It enhanced their
social capital by expanding their networks,
fostering supportive relationships, and promoting
positive social behaviors both online and offline.
Dhir, A., et al. (2018) - This study
investigated the impact of social media use on self-
esteem and well-being among adolescents. The
findings revealed that positive online experiences,
such as receiving social support and positive
feedback, were associated with higher self-esteem.
This positive effect on behavior boosted their
confidence, encouraged self-expression, and
contributed to overall well-being.
Lin, L. Y., et al. (2016) - This research
explored the positive effects of social media use on
18
adolescents' well-being. The findings highlighted
that social media platforms provided opportunities
for emotional expression, social support, and
positive interpersonal connections. These positive
experiences influenced students' behavior by
promoting positive communication, empathy, and a
sense of belonging, which contributed to their
overall well-being.
Junco, R., et al. (2012) - This study
examined the impact of social media use on civic
engagement among college students. The findings
indicated that social media platforms served as
channels for students to express their opinions,
engage in civic activities, and participate in social
causes. This positive impact on behavior fostered
active citizenship, encouraged social responsibility,
and promoted students' involvement in their
communities.
Selwyn, N., et al. (2019) - This research
explored the positive effects of social media use on
educational engagement among students. The
findings highlighted that social media platforms
supported educational activities by facilitating
information sharing, collaboration, and resource
discovery. This positive influence on behavior
enhanced students' motivation, encouraged active
participation, and improved learning outcomes,
ultimately enriching their educational experience.
Li, C., et al. (2017) - This study examined
the impact of social media use on students'
academic achievement and psychological well-
being. The findings indicated that moderate use of
social media was associated with higher academic
performance and increased psychological well-
being among students. This positive effect on
behavior suggests that balanced social media
engagement can support students' academic
success and mental health.
Madge, C., et al. (2019) - This research
explored the role of social media in facilitating
online learning communities among students. The
findings highlighted that social media platforms,
such as Twitter and Facebook groups, promoted
collaborative learning, peer support, and
knowledge sharing. This positive influence on
behavior fostered active participation, enhanced
learning outcomes, and facilitated a sense of
belonging in virtual learning environments.
Tsetsi, E., et al. (2018) - This study
investigated the effects of social media use on the
interpersonal skills of college students. The results
revealed that engaging in positive social
interactions on platforms like Facebook and
Instagram positively influenced students' behavior.
They reported improved communication skills,
increased empathy, and enhanced relationship-
building abilities as a result of their social media
use.
Greenhow, C., & Askari, E. (2017) - This
research explored the role of social media in
supporting collaborative learning practices in
higher education. The findings demonstrated that
platforms like Twitter and Facebook groups
facilitated communication, knowledge sharing, and
peer feedback. This positive impact on behavior
promoted active engagement, critical thinking, and
the development of collaborative skills among
students.
Sponcil, M., & Gitimu, P. (2017) - This
study examined the influence of social media use
on students' civic engagement. The results
indicated that social media platforms provided
opportunities for students to participate in civic
activities, express their opinions, and engage with
social issues. This positive effect on behavior
encouraged active citizenship, increased political
awareness, and promoted students' involvement in
their communities.
Kuznekoff, J. H., et al. (2020) - This
research investigated the impact of social media
use on students' communication skills and
academic performance. The findings revealed that
social media engagement, particularly through
platforms like Twitter, enhanced students'
communication abilities, including writing and
critical thinking skills. This positive influence on
behavior contributed to improved academic
performance and effective communication in
various contexts.
19
Alhabash, S., et al. (2019) - This study
examined the relationship between social media
use and social capital among college students. The
results indicated that engaging in social media
activities, such as connecting with friends and
participating in online communities, positively
influenced students' behavior by expanding their
social networks, fostering relationships, and
promoting social support.
Vrieling-Teunter, E., et al. (2018) - This
research explored the positive effects of social
media use on students' self-regulated learning. The
findings revealed that social media platforms, such
as discussion forums and online communities,
supported students' self-regulation processes,
including goal setting, planning, and self-
reflection. This positive impact on behavior
enhanced students' learning strategies, academic
motivation, and overall self-directed learning
skills.
Chao, C. (2019) - This study investigated
the impact of social media use on students'
creativity and critical thinking skills. The results
indicated that active engagement on social media
platforms, such as blogging and content creation,
positively influenced students' behavior by
promoting creative expression, fostering critical
thinking abilities, and encouraging innovative
problem-solving approaches.
Heiberger, G., & Harper, R. (2018) - This
research examined the positive effects of social
media use on students' career development and
professional networking. The findings revealed that
leveraging social media platforms like LinkedIn
and Twitter supported students' behavior in terms
of career exploration, industry connections, and
accessing job opportunities. Social media provided
a platform for students to showcase their skills,
build professional networks, and enhance their
employ ability.
Theoretical Framework.
Theories and evidences supporting this study are
described and can be proven useful to others trying
to study the Effect of Social Media to the Behavior.

The Uses and Gratification Theory
Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT) is an
approach to understanding why and how people
actively seek out specific media to satisfy specific
needs. The driving question of UGT is: Why do
people use media and what do they use them for?
UGT discusses how users deliberately choose
media that will satisfy given needs and allow one
to enhance knowledge, relaxation, 28 social
interactions/companionship, diversion, or escape. It
assumes that audience members are not passive
consumers of media. Rather, the audience has
power over their media consumption and assumes
an active role in interpreting and integrating media
into their own lives.
Technological Determinism Theory
Technological Determinism state that
media technology shapes how we as individuals in
a society think, feel, act, and how the society
operates as we move from one technological age to
another (Tribal- Literate- Print- Electronic- Social
media).The theory explains that when new systems
of technology are developed, the culture or society
is immediately changed to reflect the senses
needed to use the new technology. Social media
brought about by emerging technology requires
people to listen and engaged often. People then
interpret the messages sent to them from social
media in their everyday life. The theory predicts
that with every new system of media technology,
society will change and adapt to that technology. It
explains that there is a simple cause and effect
analysis between the introduction of new
technology and the changes in society's way of
thinking, feeling, acting, or believing.
Social Learning Theory
which posits that people learn behavior
through observation, imitation, and reinforcement.
In the context of social media and student
behavior, this theory suggests that students may
learn certain behaviors or attitudes from their peers
20 PROCESS
or social media influences, and that they may be
reinforced through likes, comments, and other
forms of social validation. This theory suggests
that students may use social media to construct and
reinforce their identities, and that they may
compare themselves to others online, leading to
feelings of envy, anxiety, or low self-esteem.
Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework that was used in
the study is the Input-Process-Output Model as
shown in figure The (IPO) framework was used to
show the process of the effect of social media to
the behavioral aspect of selected student in Pasay
City West. In the IPO model, a process is viewed
as a series of boxes (processing elements)
connected by inputs and outputs. Information or
material objects flow through a series of tasks or
activities based on a set of rules or decision points.
Flow charts and process diagrams are often used to
represent the process. (Harris & Taylor, 1997).
The system approach (Input-Pocess-Output
system) was used in describing the conceptual
framework of the study. As shown in figure 1, the
input consist of some background profile of the
respondents and theories that support the study of
the effect of social media to the Behavioral,
namely the The Uses and Gratification Theory,
Social Learning Theory and the Technological
Determinism Theory. The next process is
gathering information and data through an
interview and after that the researchers will then
analyze and interpret the data collected resulting to
having an output of knowing different Behavioral
effect of Pasay City West Student of Humanities
and Social Sciences (HUMSS).
OUTPUT
 INPUT

Profile of the Respondents in

terms of:

 Age  Data gathering Gathered different

 Gender through an perception of Pasay
 Educational level interview.
City West Students of
Social support for Social Humanities and Social
Media’s Behavioral Effect  Presentation
based on theoretical Analysis and Sciences (HUMSS) to
framework: Interpretation of the said issue which is
collected data Effect of Social Media
 Uses and Gratifications
Theory (UGT-
from the to the Behavior Of
interviews. selected Students.
- This theory may help explain
why students use social media
and how it affects their
behavior.

 Social Learning Theory

-This theory suggests that
students may use social
media to construct and
reinforce their identities.

 Technological
Determinism Theory
- Technological Determinism
state that media technology
shapes how we as individuals
in a society think, feel, act.

Definition of Terms Media -In this study, it refers to an instrument of

Behavior- In this study, it means that the way in
which one acts or conducts oneself, especially
toward others
Effect- In this study, a change which is a result or
consequence of an action or other cause.
communication, like the internet (while TV, radio.
and newspapers are examples of more
traditional forms of media).
Senior High School (SHS)- In this study it refers
to Grades 11 and 12,Student that has last two
years of the K to 12 Basic Education Program.

21
Social-In this study, Its an interacting with other questionnaire for the respondents. The surveys
people by sharing information with them and contains 20 questions in the survey obtaining data
receiving information from them. for each variable, variables are measured by asking
the questions with an open ended questions.
Chapter III
Validity
The intent of this section was to describe
the methodology dimensions that were proposed to The validity of research instrument is the extent to
be used to determine the effect of social media on which such an instrument is able to measure what
student’s behavior in Pasay City West. This it is supposed to measure. According to
chapter will therefore discuss the following: Researchers, validity is the accuracy and
research design, target population, and meaningfulness of inferences, which are based on
instruments. the research results. The content related technique
will measure the degree to which the question
items reflect the specific areas covered.
Research Design
Reliability
The researcher proposed to use in the study
is the descriptive survey design to gather data
To test the reliability of research instruments used,
relating to the effect of social media on student’s
behavior in Pasay City West. The researcher test and re-test techniques will be used. The
proposes to use the descriptive survey design to
reliability of the questionnaire will be computed
gather data relating to the effect of social media
among the youth on behavior. A descriptive survey using SPSS.
aims at describing the distribution of a
phenomenon in a population and thereby
establishing the facts (percentages and Chapter IV
frequencies).
Presentation of data
Respondents of the Study Analysis
Interpretation
The population for this study would be
Senior High School students of Pasay City West Discuss
taking up the strand Humanities and Social
Sciences (HUMSS). The researchers used cluster
sampling as their sampling technique because the
researcher can randomly select from HUMSS
student. With that, the researchers will randomly
pick 25 respondents from sub-groups of the
population who will answer the given
questionnaires.

Instrument of the Study

The research instrument used by the

researchers is a survey questionnaire to easily
gather and determine the needed data and for the
researchers to accumulate the information
moderately and effectively.The researcher will be
using Google Formwas used to create the

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