Task 1:

Electrical inspection and Testing

a t
procedures

afa
dR
a me
oh
M

Youssef Mohamed Rafaat

sef

Faculty of Industry and Renewable Energy Technology

New Cairo Technological University
us

Doctor of Electrical inspection and Testing procedures

Supervised by
Yo

Dr. Sayed Abdel-Razek

Yo
us
sef
M
oh
ame
dR
afa
a t
Yo
us
sef
M
oh
ame
dR
afa
a t
Yo
us
sef
M
oh
ame
dR
afa
a t
Yo
us
sef
M
oh
ame
dR
afa
a t
Yo
us
sef
M
oh
ame
dR
afa
a t
Yo
us
sef
M
oh
ame
dR
afa
a t
Yo
us
sef
M
oh
ame
dR
afa
a t
Yo
us
sef
M
oh
ame
dR
afa
a t
Yo
us
sef
M
oh
ame
dR
afa
a t
Yo
us
sef
M
oh
ame
dR
afa
a t
Yo
us
sef
M
oh
ame
dR
afa
a t
Yo
us
sef
M
oh
ame
dR
afa
a t
ENERGY PROFILE

Egypt
COUNTRY INDICATORS AND SDGS
7.1.1 Access to electricity (% population)
GDP per capita 8.1.1 Real GDP growth rate 7.3.1 Energy intensity
7.1.2 Access to clean cooking (% population)
4% 13 3.7 7.2.1 Renewable energy (% TFEC)
12.1 100%
4% 3.7 100%
12
3.6 95%
3%

MJ/USD GDP 2017 PPP

12

USD'000s 2017 PPP

80%
3% 3.6
11
2% 3.5 60%
2%
11 3.5
2% 3.4
3.4 40%
10
1%
3.4 5%

t
1% 9.5 20%

faa
3.3
0% 9.0
3.3 0%
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Ra
7.a.1 Public flows to renewables 7.b.1 Per capita renewable capacity 11.6.2 Air particulate matter (PM2.5)

2 500 70 Urban Average Rural WHO safe

58.4 80 67.9
60 66.7 66.6 66.6 66.8
66.1

ed
2 000 70
50
USD millions 2019

60
1 500
W/ person

PM2.5 (μm/m3)
40 50
am
30 40
1 000
30
20
500 340 20
oh

10
10
0.0 0.0 0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
M

TOTAL ENERGY SUPPLY (TES)

Total Energy Supply (TES) 2014 2019 Total energy supply in 2019
sef

Non-renewable (TJ) 3 217 682 3 809 359 3%

Renewable (TJ) 274 135 294 596 7%
Oil
Total (TJ) 3 491 817 4 103 955
36% Gas
us

Renewable share (%) 8 7

Nuclear

Growth in TES 2014-19 2018-19 Coal + others

Yo

54%
Non-renewable (%) +18.4 +6.7 Renewables
Renewable (%) +7.5 -0.4
Total (%) +17.5 +6.2

Renewable energy supply in 2019

Primary energy trade 2014 2019
Imports (TJ) 901 347 795 743 18%
Exports (TJ) 603 143 658 926 Hydro/marine
Net trade (TJ) - 298 204 - 136 817 5% Wind

Imports (% of supply) 26 19 6% Solar

Exports (% of production) 19 16 70% Bioenergy
Energy self-sufficiency (%) 93 98
Geothermal
 RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION (TFEC)

Renewable TFEC trend Renewable energy consumption in 2019

Electricity Commercial heat Bioenergy Geothermal Solar direct
250 226 228 230 227 233
221

200 30%
Petajoules (PJ)

150

100
70%
50

0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 9% n.a.
Consumption by sector 2014 2019 Industry
34%

t
Industry (TJ) 66 463 80 017 Transport

faa
Transport (TJ) 168 234 Households
Households (TJ) 21 060 131 340 Other
56%
Other (TJ) 137 865 21 052 0%

Ra
ELECTRICITY CAPACITY

Installed capacity trend Renewable capacity in 2021

Non-renewable
Fossil fuels Nuclear 52 710 Other Non-RE 89 1%

ed
Renewable 6 227 Solar 11 Hydro/marine
Hydro/marine Wind
Hydro/marine
Bioenergy Geothermal 2 832 Renewable share5
Solar 1 676 3 26% Solar
70
am
Wind 1 640 100% 3 45%
Bioenergy 7959 0 Wind
58 59
60
Geothermal 56 0 0
Total 58 936 80%
100 Bioenergy
50 45 27%
oh

Capacity change (%) 2016-21 2020-21 Geothermal

Renewable share (%)
Gigawatts (GW)

Non-renewable 39 + 49 - 1.0
60%
40 35
Renewable33 + 69 + 4.4
Hydro/marine + 1 0.0 Net capacity change (GW)
M

30
Solar + 2 740 40%
+ 0.0 Fossil fuels Renewable
Wind + 117 + 18.8 12
20
Bioenergy + 18 0.0 10 9.5
Geothermal 0 20%0.0
sef

10 8.0
Total + 51 11% - 0.5
6.1
6.0
0 0%
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 3.6
4.0
us

1.8
Net capacity change in 2021 (MW) 2.0 1.0 0.9
0.1 0.5 0.3 0.3
0.0
0.0
Non-renewable Hydro and marine
Yo

- 0.5
-2.0
- 533 0 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Solar Wind Capacity utilisation in 2020 (%)

+ 0 + 260 Fossil fuels 37%

Bioenergy Geothermal Nuclear

Hydro/Marine 61%
0 0 Solar 31%
Wind 39%
Bioenergy 48%
Geothermal

0 20 40 60 80 100
 ELECTRICITY GENERATION

Generation in 2020 GWh % Electricity generation trend

Non-renewable 173 614 88 Fossil fuels Nuclear Other Non-RE
Renewable 24 064 12 Hydro/marine Wind Solar
Hydro and marine 15 038 8 Bioenergy Geothermal Renewable share
Solar 4 453 2
205 100%
Wind 4 245 2 200
Bioenergy 328 0 200 197 198
Geothermal 0 0
195 80%
Total 197 678 100 190
190 188
187

Gigawatt-hours (GWh)

Renewable share (%)

Per capita electricity generation (kWh)
185 60%
Total Renewable
2 500 180

2 000 175 40%

1 500 170

t
1 000 165 20%

faa
12%
500 160
0 155 0%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Ra
LATEST POLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND LEGISLATION
1 The Egyptian Natural Gaz Holding Company Sustainability Policy 2020

ed
2 Non- ducted air conditioners and heat pumps- Testing and rating for performance (standard 4814 / 2018) 2019

3 Prime Minister Decree No. 1129 of 2019 2019

am
4 Decree No. 239 for the year 2018 issuing the executive regulations of the law for Gas Market activities regulation Act No. 2018
(196) of the year 2017

5 2013/3795 Energy efficiency label requirement for room air conditioner (window-split) 2017
oh

ENERGY AND EMISSIONS

M

Energy-related CO2 emissions by sector Elec. & heat generation CO2 emissions in

Elec. & heat Other Industrial Transport Other Buildings

-48% 0%
350
Coal + others
26%
sef

300
Mt CO2 Emissions

250
200 Gas
150
us

100 74%
Oil
50
Yo

0.0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Avoided emissions from renewable elec. & heat CO2 emission factor for elec. & heat generation
Emitted CO2 RE Avoided CO2 EGY Africa World
140 700

120 600
511
Mt CO2 Emissions

100 500 457

tCO2 /GWh

80 400
ENERGY AND EMISSIONS
60 300
40 200
20 100
0.0 0.0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Avoided emissions based on fossil fuel mix used for power Calculated by dividing power sector emissions by elec. + heat gen.
 RENEWABLE RESOURCE POTENTIAL
Distribution of solar potential Distribution of wind potential
World Egypt World Egypt
100% 100%

80% 80%

Proportion of land area

Proportion of land area

60% 60%

40% 40%

20% 20%

0% 0%
<1.2 1.2 - 1.4 1.4 - 1.6 1.6 - 1.8 1.8 - 1.9 1.9 - 2.0 >2.0 <260 260-420 420-560 560-670 670-820 820-1060 >1060

t
Annual generation per unit of installed PV capacity (MWh/kWp) Wind power density at 100m height (W/m2)

faa
Biomass potential: net primary production Indicators of renewable resource potential

5 6
4 7
3 8
Ra
Solar PV: Solar resource potential has been divided into seven classes,
each representing a range of annual PV output per unit of capacity
(kWh/kWp/yr). The bar chart shows the proportion of a country's land
area in each of these classes and the global distribution of land area
across the classes (for comparison).

ed
Onshore wind: Potential wind power density (W/m2) is shown in the
seven classes used by NREL, measured at a height of 100m. The bar chart
2 9 shows the distribution of the country's land area in each of these classes
compared to the global distribution of wind resources. Areas in the third
am
200 class or above are considered to be a good wind resource.
Biomass: Net primary production (NPP) is the amount of carbon fixed by
1 10 plants and accumulated as biomass each year. It is a basic measure of
0.5 biomass productivity. The chart shows the average NPP in the country
0 tC/ha/yr 11 (tC/ha/yr), compared to the global average NPP of 3-4 tonnes of carbon
oh

= Global average of 3-4 tC/ha/yr

M
sef
us
Yo
Reference:-
1-Egypt Energy Transition in Green Projects :- by

t
(American Chamber of Commerce in Egypt) and (Ministry of

a
th
Electricity and Renewable Energy) in (16 of May ,2022)

afa
Abstract:-
The Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy (MOERE) is entrusted with

dR
the overall management of the Egyptian electricity sector through its subsidiary
company the Egyptian Electricity Holding Company (EEHC), and in co-
ordination with the Egyptian Electric Utility and Consumer Protection
Regulatory Agency (EgyptERA), NREA, Hydro Power Plants Executive
me
Authority, Nuclear Power Plant Authority and Atomic Power Plants Authority.

2- IRENA statistics, plus data from the following sources: UN SDG

Database (original sources: WHO; World Bank; IEA; IRENA; and
a
UNSD); UN World Population Prospects; UNSD Energy Balances; UN
oh

COMTRADE; World Bank World Development Indicators; EDGAR;

REN21 Global Status Report; IEA-IRENA Joint Policies and Measures
Database; IRENA Global Atlas; and World Bank Global Solar Atlas and
M

Global Wind Atlas. in (24th August, 2022)

Abstract:-
sef

Capacity per capita and public investments SDGs only apply to developing
areas. Energy self-sufficiency has been defined as total primary energy
production divided by total primary energy supply. Energy trade includes all
commodities in Chapter 27 of the Harmonised System (HS). Capacity
us

utilisation is calculated as annual generation divided by year-end capacity x

8,760h/year. Avoided emissions from renewable power is calculated as
renewable generation divided by fossil fuel generation multiplied by reported
Yo

emissions from the power sector. This assumes that, if renewable power did not
exist, fossil fuels would be used in its place to generate the same amount of
power and using the same mix of fossil fuels. In countries and years where no
fossil fuel generation occurs, an average fossil fuel emission factor has been
used to calculate the avoided emissions.