INTRODUCTION TO

CHEMISTRY
DEFINITION
EFFECT
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
 DEFINITION

Chemistry is one of the main

branches of science that
studies the composition,
structure, properties and
changes that occur in
matters.
 SCIENTIFIC STEPS
Science is an organised study of acquiring knowledge
about living and non- living things.
Scientific approach of discoveries include;
(a)Observation- Close examination with eyes, ears,
nose, skin and tongue
(b)Enquiry- Reading, asking questions, browsing e. t. c
(c)Hypothesis- Having a scientific guess
(d)Experiment – Testing the hypothesis
(e)Making record and inferences- Generating
postulates and facts
 THEORY AND LAW

• A theory is developed when a

discovery is made after test but can
still be modified.
• A principle or law is in place after the
theory has been proven true without
exception.
 Chemical Activities
Some chemical activities around us every day
are;
- Burning/combustion
- Rusting and corrosion
- Fermentations
 PRODUCTS OF CHEMICAL
ACTIVITIES
The products of some of these processes
include;
• Soap
• Margarine
• Plastics
• Perfume
• Clothes e. t . c
 CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN
CHEMISTRY

 Teaching services (post primary and tertiary

institutions)
 Laboratory assistant
 Health services (medical doctor, pharmacist, nurses
e. t. c)
 Food technologist
 Engineering career (chemical, civil, electrical e. t. c)
 Quality control officer/manager
 Extractive geologist
 APPLICATION(USES) OF
CHEMISTRY
 Food processing: Fertilizers, insecticides e. t. c are
products of chemical processes used to increase
production of and preserving food
 Medicine: Drug production
 Housing: The building materials like steel , cement
and so on are products of chemical processes
 Clothing: petrochemicals are mostly used to
produce cloths
 Transportation: The body of the automobile and
mobile engines and fuel are produced by chemical
processes
 ADVERSE EFFECT OF CHEMISTRY

 Pollution
 Poisoning
 Corrosion
• Drug abuse
 FAMILIARIARISATON OF
LABORATORY APPARATUS
•LABORATORY APPARATUS
•They are made of
•-Glass e. g burette, pipette, conical flask
•-Porcelain e. g mortar and pestle
•-Plastics e. g Funnel, beaker
•-Metals e. g bursen burner, retort stand
•-Wood: Test tube rack, bench
•Uses
•For heating
•For drying
•For chemical reactions
•For cleaning
•For grinding
 CLASS WORK
Draw two apparatus that are
I. Glass
II.Porcelain
III.Metals
IV.Wood
• plastics
 SAFETY PRECAUTION
General Chemistry Safety in the Laboratory include;
• DO NOT perform unauthorized experiments or work in a
laboratory alone
• Appropriate clothing must be worn at all times while in
the laboratory. Your legs must be completely covered
and your clothing must be below the knee. Eyes goggle
must be put on.
• Know the location and proper use of fire extinguishers,
fire blankets, safety showers, eye wash devices, and first
aid kits.
• Before obtaining any chemicals carefully read the label
on the reagent bottles.
• 5. Eating, smoking, and drinking are not allowed in a
 Safety Precaution

• Use the fume hoods when toxic or irritating

vapors are involved.
• Never direct the open end of test tube toward
yourself or anyone else.
• Never pour water into concentrated acid.
• Securely replace lids, caps, and stoppers after
removing reagents from containers.
• Report any accident and/or injury, however minor,
to your instructor immediately.
 Your instructor is available for any
assistance you may need. Never
hesitate to ask questions especially
if there is any question concerning
proper operating procedure. Be
sure that you understand every
instruction before proceeding