Lab Report Level Measurement Group 6

1.
0 OBJECTIVE
1. To evaluate level measurement equipment.

2. To determine the relationship between temperature and the level recorded in an open
tank and a closed tank.
2.0 SUMMARY
The objectives of this experiment are about how to evaluate level measurement equipment and to
determine the relationship between temperature and the level recorded in an open tank and a
closed tank. Measurement of the level has an impact on the flowrate and pressure leaving the
tank or vessel. Both open tank measurement and closed tank measurement equipment fall under
this category. In order to conduct the experiment, two alternative scenarios were used an open
and closed tank with the heater on, and an open and closed tank with the heater off. The level
indication was obtained from the front panel, and the measurement was performed by looking at
the real level through the sight glass. According to the results, the level indicator exhibited
incorrect because the tank with the heater off showed a larger divergence than the tank with the
heater on. Due to the presence of water vapor in the open tank, open tank values are greater than
closed tank values for standard derivative values. The results of this experiment show that the
best conditions for measuring accuracy are in a closed tank with the heater turned off.
3.0 INTRODUCTION
The objectives of this experiment are to examine the open and closed tanks, to analyse the
water level in the tank (700 mm to 300 mm), and to examine the relationship between level
measurement and temperature. In this experiment, both a direct and an indirect measurement
were used. Open tank with heater off, closed tank with heater off, open tank with heater on,
and closed tank with heater on were used in the method. In the measurement there were two
condition which are open tank and closed tank. In open tank, the level transmitter acts as a
simple pressure transmitter while in closed tank, wet leg calibration is used to measure the
level by using reference leg. In wet leg, the reference leg is loaded up with the water and the
water in the reference leg applies a hydrostatic make a path for the high weight side of the
transmitter and the estimation of this level is steady if the reference leg is looked after full. On
the off chance that weight stays steady, an adjustment in DP is because of progress on the low
weight side of the transmitter. The hypothesis expressed that level measurement system that
utilization differential weight ΔP as the detecting technique are influenced by temperature and
weight. Also, the process temperature is increase at open tank with heater on when the actual
level was higher than indicated. The pressure exerted on the base and indicated height of the
liquid does not change when the mass of the liquid did not change at open tank with heater on.
The actual level will be higher than indicated if the process temperature is increasing. Next, the
process temperature increases when the actual process fluid level increases, while the indicated
measurement remains unchanged at closed tank with heater on. Overall, of the result, it can be
concluded that the deviation value is higher when the heater was on than to heater off. As the
result, open tank with heater off shows the accurate value than the closed tank with heater on.
Some error might be happened during conducting the experiment that led to an error of results.
THEORY
4.0 RESULTS
TABLE 1: Level Measurement (Tank T1 as OPEN tank, Heater OFF)
RUN I SET 1 SET 2 AVERAGE
A Suggested Level (mm) 700 700 700
B Actual Level (LG) (mm) 700 700 700
C Actual Level (LI) (mm) 725.6 715.1 720.35
D Temperature (TG) (0C) 26.2 26.4 26.3
E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 25.6 15.1 20.35
RUN II SET 1 SET 2 AVERAGE
E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 31.7 15 23.35

E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 37.3 16.6 26.95
C Actual Level (LI) (mm) 449.0 415.3 451
E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 49 53 51
E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 50.3 14.2 32.25
TABLE 2: Level Measurement (T1 as CLOSED tank, Heater OFF)

E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 15.6 10.5 13.05
E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 17.1 10.4 13.75
RUN III SET 1 SET 2 AVERAGE
E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 14.7 14.0 14.35
RUN IV SET 1 SET 2 AVERAGE

E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 11.6 9.2 10.4
RUN V SET 1 SET 2 AVERAGE
E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 10.6 10.2 10.4
TABLE 3: Level Measurement (Tank T1 as OPEN tank, Heater ON)
D Temperature (TG) (0C) 52 52 52
E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 106.9 104.9 105.9

E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 4.7 4.8 4.75
E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 17.1 17.9 17.25
E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 17 17.2 17.1

E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 11.8 11.2 11.5
TABLE 4: Level Measurement (Tank T1 as CLOSED tank, Heater ON)
E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 9.4 9.2 9.3

E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 12.6 12.3 12.45
E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 16.4 16.1 15.35
E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 16.4 16.1 16.25
E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 14.1 14.8 14.45

SUMMARIZE RESULTS
Average
Condition Run 1 Run 2 Run 3 Run 4 Run 5
Deviation
Open tank
Heater off 20.35 23.35 26.95 51 32.25 30.78
(Table 1)
Open tank
Heater off 13.05 13.75 14.35 10.4 10.4 12.39
(Table 2)
STANDARD DEVIATION OF HEATER OFF METHOD

35
30
25
20
15
10
0
OPEN TANK CLOSE TANK
Graph 1
Average
Condition Run 1 Run 2 Run 3 Run 4 Run 5
Deviation
Open tank
Heater on 105.9 4.75 17.25 17.1 11.5 31.3
(Table 3)
Close tank
Heater on 9.3 12.45 15.35 16.25 14.45 13.56
(Table 4)
STANDARD DEVIATION OF HEATER ON METHOD

35
30
25
20
15
10
0
OPEN TANK CLOSE TANK
Graph 2
DISCUSSION
Level measurement is used to detect, indicate, or control the level of a liquid or solid. Level
measurement devices are classified into two types which is direct or mechanical measurement
and electronic measurement. The devices can be used for continuous fluid level monitoring. The
basic processes used to maintain instrument accuracy are known as calibration. Calibration is the
process of ensuring that an instrument's output is within an acceptable range. Calibration is
performed to eliminate or reduce systemic errors caused by inaccurate measurement.
This experiment was carried out under two different conditions: open and closed tank with heater
turned on, and open and closed tank with heater turned off. The level was measured by taking the
actual level from the sight glass and the level indicator from the front panel. The difference in
performance between the two devices was calculated and labelled as deviation. The temperature
of the water was recorded using the temperature gauge.
Based on data tabulated on table 1 and table 2, a summarization of data is tabulated in graph 1.
The graph shows that when the heater is turned off, the open tank contributes the most to the
value of deviation 30.78 rather than the closed tank 12.39. When the temperature inside the tank
changes, the density of the water changes as well. According to theory, as the temperature rises,
the density of the liquid decreases. Because density influences the pressure of a liquid, the
accuracy of a pressure level indicator will suffer. As a result, the change in accuracy raises the
standard deviation, which is the difference between readings from the sight glass and readings
from the level indicator. Meanwhile, based on data tabulated on table 3 and table 4, a
summarization of data is tabulated in graph 2. The graph shows that when the heater is turned on,
the open tank contributes the most to the value of deviation 31.30 rather than the closed tank
13.56.
TUTORIAL
1. Level is measured in many of the processes in the industry. List and explain the most common
reasons for measuring level.
In many industrial operations, level is monitored primarily to determine the height or amplitude
of something in relation to another point of reference.
The difference between a reference point like empty or full, in metres or possibly litres, could
indicate the amount of water in a tank. We need to know how full it is to calculate other aspects
of consumption.
To offer a controlled flow of runoff water, a specific slope might be created on a farm to change
the ground level across a field.
Signal strength may be measured at a radio receiver or a sound recording studio. If the level of
the signal is "normal," the system is likely operating correctly. In the sound studio, the signal's
power is controlled to prevent overloading the recording medium. Background noise becomes a
concern if it is too weak, and distortion results if it is too strong.
2. Name the two methods of level measurement used in the experiment.
- Electrical level measurement method: differential pressure/level transmitter
- Manual level measurement method: sight glass with millimetre.

3. How does the depth of a liquid correspond to changes in liquid pressure? Can a pressure
transmitter be used to measure level?
The weight of all the water above presses down on the water below, creating water pressure.
There is more water above you as you descend further into a body of water, and as a result, there
is more weight pressing down. This is the cause of the rise in water pressure with depth. Only
depth determines the pressure, which is constant everywhere at a given depth and in all
directions. Yes, you may use a pressure transmitter to measure level by simply attaching the
transmitter's high side to the tank's bottom and leaving the low side exposed to the ambient.
4. The differential pressure transmitter is used to measure level in an open tank or closed
tank system. Discuss how this is done.
Open Tank:
While the pressure side of the level transmitter is vented to the atmosphere, the high-pressure
side is attached to the tank's base. Since the tank is exposed to the atmosphere, the transmitter's
high-pressure connection must be used exclusively. Since the low-pressure side is vented to the
atmosphere, the hydrostatic head, or weight of the liquid in the tank, is determined by the
pressure disparity. The maximum height of the liquid above the transmitter determines the
highest level that the level transmitter can measure. The point at which the level transmitter is
connected to the tank determines the lowest level that can be measured by the transmitter.
Closed tank:
The tank at or below the lower range to be measured is connected to the level transmitter's high-
pressure connection. A reference log that is linked at or above the upper range value to be
monitored is attached to the low-pressure side of the level transmitter. As long as the reference
leg is kept full, the liquid in the reference leg exerts a hydrostatic head on the high-pressure side
of the transmitter, and the value of this level is constant. The high-pressure connector on the
level transmitter is attached to the tank that is at or below the lower range to be measured. On the
low-pressure side of the level transmitter, a reference log that is linked at or above the upper
range value to be monitored is fastened. The liquid in the reference leg forces a hydrostatic head
on the high-pressure side of the transmitter as long as it is kept full, keeping the level constant.
5. Discuss briefly the possible errors affecting the accuracy in pressure / level measurement as
observed in the experiment.
The possible errors that may affect the accuracy in pressure / level measurement as observed in
the experiment is that the experimenter should wait until the temperature rise to 50 °C in both
tank when the heater is off to ensure that the fixed value for the temperature reading can be
achieved. Next, the experimenter needs to ensure that the water inside the tank is overflowing
before taking any reading of level measurement. Finally, the experimenter needs to check the
pressure reading during the experiment for closed tank to ensure that gas pressure supplied will
not exceed 3 prigs because it is the maximum limit of pressure required for closed tank.
6. What are the main objectives of a wet lag calibration?
The level transmitter's high-pressure connector is attached to the tank that is at or below the
lower range that has to be measured. The low-pressure side of the level transmitter has a
reference log fastened to it that is linked at or above the upper range value to be observed. If the
reference leg is kept full, the liquid there exerts a hydrostatic head on the transmitter's high-
pressure side, keeping the level constant.
5.0 CONCLUSION
The objectives of this experiment are to evaluate level measurement equipment and to determine
the relationship between temperature and the level recorded in an open tank and a closed tank.
To sum it all up, the open and closed tanks were measured using two different methods. Due to
the presence of water vapor from the atmosphere in the open tank, it is evident from the level
measurement results that the open tank has a higher-level measurement than the closed tank.
Consequently, the level indicator's reading and the reading from the sight glass differ slightly.
When comparing closed tanks with heaters on to open tanks with heaters off, it can be seen that
the open tank with heaters off has higher levels of water. As a result, the conclusion drawn
regarding the influence of temperature on the level of measurement does not have any bearing on
the conclusion drawn from theory and is therefore regarded as an error conclusion. Additionally,
some experimental results with higher deviations suggest that the data is inaccurate, while others
with lower deviations suggest that the data is trustworthy and accurate. Due to the low deviation
of the results obtained, it can be concluded that closed tanks with the heater turned off are the
best conditions for level measurements.
RECOMMENDATION
For the recommendation, make sure to follow all established procedures. For example, the eye
should be sharp to the level while taking a reading at a sight glass with a millimeter scale (LG),
which is an indirect measurement. In addition, before running the experiment, we must check or
ensure that there are no problems shooting. There are many errors when the tank is closed as the
pressure is adjusted to increase the pressure level. It is also necessary to check for blocked
sensing lines and draining sensing lines. Before conducting the experiment, we must make sure
there is no connection between the high operating pressure and low hydrostatic pressure. The
equipment must then be thoroughly inspected to determine whether it has any issues or damage.
We should always ask the lecturer or laboratory assistant if we still do not understand how to
conduct an experiment. Students must regularly read the lab manual before performing the
experiment in order to make sure that everything goes according to plan. As a result, we must
check twice for errors and avoid them at all costs if we want an accurate result.
6.0 REFERENCES
1. Edge, E. (2018). Differential Pressure Type Level Detector Review. Retrieved from
Engineers Edge:
https://www.engineersedge.com/instrumentation/differential_pressure_level_detector.htm
2. Mertens, D. (2003). Wet leg Vs Dry Leg. Retrieved from Control Automation:
https://control.com/forums/threads/wet-leg-vs-dry-leg-level-instrument.13118/
3. Areej. (2018, February 16). OPEN & CLOSED LEVEL MEASUREMENT. Retrieved
from AutomationForum.Co:
https://automationforum.co/open-closed-level-measurement/
4. Erik, O., Franklin, J., Holbrook, H., Henry, R. & Cristopher, M. (2016). Glass Gauge
Type Level Detectors Review. Machinery’s Handbook 29th Edition. Page 213 Sight
Glass, 2014, Wikipedia, [Online]. Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sight_glass#Steam_boilers

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1.

1. To evaluate level measurement equipment.

TABLE 1: Level Measurement (Tank T1 as OPEN tank, Heater OFF)

RUN I SET 1 SET 2 AVERAGE

A Suggested Level (mm) 700 700 700

B Actual Level (LG) (mm) 700 700 700

C Actual Level (LI) (mm) 725.6 715.1 720.35

D Temperature (TG) (0C) 26.2 26.4 26.3

E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 25.6 15.1 20.35

RUN II SET 1 SET 2 AVERAGE

A Suggested Level (mm) 600 600 600

B Actual Level (LG) (mm) 600 600 600

C Actual Level (LI) (mm) 631.7 615.0 623.35

D Temperature (TG) (0C) 26.2 26.4 26.3

E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 31.7 15 23.35

RUN II SET 1 SET 2 AVERAGE

A Suggested Level (mm) 500 500 500

B Actual Level (LG) (mm) 500 500 500

C Actual Level (LI) (mm) 537.3 516.6 526.95

E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 37.3 16.6 26.95

RUN II SET 1 SET 2 AVERAGE

A Suggested Level (mm) 400 400 400

B Actual Level (LG) (mm) 400 400 400

C Actual Level (LI) (mm) 449.0 415.3 451

D Temperature (TG) (0C) 26.3 26.4 26.35

E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 49 53 51

RUN II SET 1 SET 2 AVERAGE

A Suggested Level (mm) 300 300 300

B Actual Level (LG) (mm) 300 300 300

C Actual Level (LI) (mm) 350.3 314.2 332.25

D Temperature (TG) (0C) 26.3 26.4 26.3

E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 50.3 14.2 32.25

TABLE 2: Level Measurement (T1 as CLOSED tank, Heater OFF)

RUN I SET 1 SET 2 AVERAGE

A Suggested Level (mm) 700 700 700

C Actual Level (LI) (mm) 715.6 710.5 713.05

D Temperature (TG) (0C) 26.5 26.5 26.5

E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 15.6 10.5 13.05

RUN II SET 1 SET 2 AVERAGE

A Suggested Level (mm) 600 600 600

B Actual Level (LG) (mm) 600 600 600

C Actual Level (LI) (mm) 617.1 610.4 613.75

D Temperature (TG) (0C) 26.5 26.5 26.5

E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 17.1 10.4 13.75

RUN III SET 1 SET 2 AVERAGE

A Suggested Level (mm) 500 500 500

B Actual Level (LG) (mm) 500 500 500

C Actual Level (LI) (mm) 514.7 514.0 514.35

D Temperature (TG) (0C) 26.5 26.6 26.55

E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 14.7 14.0 14.35

RUN IV SET 1 SET 2 AVERAGE

A Suggested Level (mm) 400 400 400

B Actual Level (LG) (mm) 400 400 400

D Temperature (TG) (0C) 26.5 26.6 26.55

E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 11.6 9.2 10.4

RUN V SET 1 SET 2 AVERAGE

A Suggested Level (mm) 300 300 300

B Actual Level (LG) (mm) 300 300 300

C Actual Level (LI) (mm) 310.6 310.2 310.4

D Temperature (TG) (0C) 26.5 26.6 26.55

E Deviation = | B-C | (mm) 10.6 10.2 10.4

TABLE 3: Level Measurement (Tank T1 as OPEN tank, Heater ON)

RUN I SET 1 SET 2 AVERAGE