Lesson2 08092022

DCS 1303
DATABASE DESIGN
AND DEVELOPMENT
DCS 1303 Database Design and Development
Database utilities
 Database system utilities help DBA (database administrator)
manage the database system.
 Common utilities in database:
 Loading
 Backup
 Database storage reorganization
 Performance monitoring
Database utilities - Loading

 A loading utility is used to load existing data files – such as
text files or sequential file – into the database.
 Conversion tools – products that generate the appropriate
loading programs given the existing source and target
database storage descriptions.
Database utilities - Backup

 A backup utility creates a backup copy of the database,
usually by dumping the entire database onto storage medium.
 The backup copy can be used to restore the database in case
of catastrophic disk failure.
Database utilities – Storage reorganization

 This utility can be used to reorganize a set of database files
into different file organizations and create new access paths to
improve performance.
Database utilities – Performance Monitoring

 Such a utility monitors database usage and provides statistics
to the DBA.
 The DBA uses the statistics in making decisions such as
whether or not to reorganize files or whether to add or drop
indexes to improve performance.
What is a DBA?
 A database administrator (DBA) is a person or group in charge
of implementing database management system in an
organization.
 The DBA job requires a high degree of technical expertise.
 DBA consists of a team of people rather than just one person.
Database Administrator (DBA)

 A database administrator is a person responsible for the :
 Installation
 Configuration
 Up gradation
 Administration
 Monitoring and maintenance of database
Role of the database administrator (DBA)

1. Database backup 7. Database patch
2. Database availability 8. Database security
3. Database restore 9. Capacity planning
4. Database design 10. Database monitoring
5. Data move 11. Error log review
6. Database upgrade
Data dictionaries
 A data dictionary is a collection of the names, definitions, and attributes for
data elements and models.
 A data dictionary is used to catalogue and communicate the structure and
content of data, and provides meaningful descriptions for individually named
data objects.
 A listing of data objects (names and definitions)
 Detailed properties of data elements (data type, size, null ability)
Data dictionaries
Data dictionaries
 Data dictionaries are used to provide detailed information
about the contents of a dataset or database, such as the
names of measured variables, their data types or formats, and
text descriptions.
 A data dictionary provides a concise guide to understanding
and using the data.
Data dictionaries
Query languages
 What is query languages?

 Query is a question or requesting information.
 Query language is a language which is used to retrieve
information from a database.
Query languages
 Query language, a computer programming language used to

retrieve information from a database.
 Query language (QL) refers to any computer programming
language that requests and retrieves data from database and
information systems by sending queries.
Query languages
 For example : SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER;
 INSERT
 UPDATE
 DELETE
Query languages
 Example 1: select
Query languages
 Example 1: insert
Query languages
 Example 1: update
Query languages
 Example 1: delete
Report generators
 A report generator is a computer program which purpose is to take
data from a source such as a database, and use it to produce a
document in a format which satisfies a particular human readership.
 Report generator allows you to present data in a way that makes it
easy to understand.
Report generators
Databases in an organisational context

Databases in an organisational context
Database applications
 Database applications are software programs designed to collect,
manage and disseminate information efficiently.
 Database applications are used to search, sort, calculate, report and
share information.
 Database applications provide security by restricting access to data
based upon user names and passwords.
Database application can mean two things:
1. It can refer to software running a database system.
Example: Oracle, MySQL, SQL Server.
2. It can refer to applications that are heavily coupled to a specific
database and built to provide elements of that database to the end
user.
Example: Online encyclopaedia (Wikipedia), Google, YouTube.
Brainstorming Session
What else
database applications
do you know?
Industry standards

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DCS 1303

Database utilities - Loading

Database utilities - Backup

Database utilities – Storage reorganization

Database utilities – Performance Monitoring

Database Administrator (DBA)

Role of the database administrator (DBA)

 What is query languages?

 Query language, a computer programming language used to

Databases in an organisational context

Databases in an organisational context

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