3

General
Physics 2 12
General Physics 2 – Grade 12
Quarter 4 – Module 3: Alternating Current, Direct Current, and LC Circuit First
Edition, 2020

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 General 12
Physics 2

Quarter 4

Self-Learning Module 3
Alterna ting Current,
Direct Current and LC
Circuit
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the General Physics 2 Grade 12 Self Learning Module on Alternating
Current, Direct Current, and LC Circuit!
This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed, and
reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.
This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st-century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes t o t he Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the
learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:
Welcome to the General Physics 1 Self-Learning Module on Alternating
Current, Direct Current, and LC Circuit!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills that

you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson at

hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts and

skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and application of

the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS
The module is about alternating current, direct current, LC Circuit, and other
applications of magnetic induction.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. compare and contrast alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC);
2. characterize the properties (stored energy and time dependence of charges,
current, and voltages) of an LC circuit; and
3. recognize some applications of magnetic induction.

PRETEST

Choose the letter of the BEST correct answer. Write the chosen letter in your
notebook.
1. Which of the following statements is NOT true about DC flow?
A. DC flows from negative to positive
B. DC flows at a constant rate
C. Battery operated items are examples of DC power
D. All DC powered items need to be plugged in
2. The unidirectional current is called
A. alternating current
B. electric charge
C. direct current
D. indirect current
3. The supply of electrical energy for a consumer is usually by AC because
A. transmission and distribution are easily done
B. it most suitable for variable speed motor
C. the voltage drop in a cable is minimal
D. cable power losses are negligible
4. Why is alternating current transfer more effective than DC transfer over
long distances?
A. due to the height of power lines
B. due to the use of ac generators
 C. due to step-up and step-down transformers reducing power losses D.
due to very high voltages

5. AC is produced by a generator and its charge is

A. positive or negative
B. positive and neutral
C. negative and positive
D. negative and negative

RECAP

Given the statements below, match column A to column B:

A B
1. The total number of magnetic a. Electromagnetic induction
field lines passing through a
given area is called

2. The SI unit for electromotive b. Faraday’s Law

force

3. The Law that states that the

direction of an induced current c. Volt
is such that its magnetic field
opposes the original change in
magnetic flux that induced the
current. d. Lenz’s Law

4. Changing magnetic field can

produce an electric current
e. Magnetic flux
5. The emf (electromotive force)
induced in a circuit is directly
proportional to the time rate of
change of the magnetic flux
through the circuit
 LESSON

Look for some appliances at home and

read the label markings at the back of it.
Why do you think it has this marking (50- 5 0 -60 Hz
60 Hx) if it needs to be connected to an
electric socket? Do battery-operated devices
have these markings too? Why?
Let’s find out in this module. Relying on a
battery alone is not a good option for an
electrical device because it is still difficult to make long-lasting and longstoring
batteries.

Electricity is the flow of electrons

through a wire, but there are two different
ways the electrons move within the wire.
These are called currents. Much like an
ocean current that moves in a definite
direction, electricity has specific
movements that it makes in the wire. These
currents are called alternating current
Copyright © : https://images.app.goo.gl/WyrFPLx9ibzYnxor6 (AC) and direct
current (DC).

Direct Current:
With DC, electrons move in one direction, from (-) negative to (+) positive. It's
a constant current, flowing continuously until either it is switched off or its power
source runs out of or stops generating power.

Let's say we're looking at a

circuit with a light bulb. As noted, a
direct current flows from negative to
positive, and the on/off switch acts as
a gate for this electron flow. When it's
on, the circuit is complete, allowing
the electrons to flow. After passing
through the switch, electrons flow to
the light bulb. The filament in the bulb
lights up, taking the charge from the
electrons, which are then drawn to the
positive terminal on the battery to be
charged once again. This process
continues until the battery eventually
 Copyright © : https://images.app.goo.gl/WyrFPLx9ibzYnxor6
loses its charge.

Alternating Current:
With AC, electrons don't flow, they simply vibrate back and forth from negative to
positive and positive to negative. It isn't a continuous vibration either, as the constant
flow in DC. The electrons vibrate in time or sync with one another, and this timing
is controlled by modifying the speed of the generator. We call this electrical timing
hertz.

In the U.S., AC electricity is

generated at 60 hertz. The electrons
vibrate and bang into each other,
transferring their charge from
positive to negative and back again
60 times per second. This means
that when a circuit running on AC
has a light bulb, it doesn't have a
steady flow of positively charged
electrons running through it as it
does on DC power, so the light is not
constant either. It flickers on and off
for every cycle of electron charge
transfer, at 60 complete cycles per
second. However, this is too fast for
the human eye to see, so it appears
Copyright © : https://images.app.goo.gl/WyrFPLx9ibzYnxor6
to be a constant light.
Table1. Difference between AC and DC Copyright © : https://images.app.goo.gl/xH2srNW3WVBgLBpr8

LC CIRCUIT:
An LC circuit is a closed loop with just two elements: a
capacitor and an inductor. It has a resonance property
like mechanical systems such as a pendulum or a mass
on a spring: there is a special frequency that it likes to
oscillate at, and therefore responds strongly to. LC circuits
can be used to tune in to a specific frequency, for example
in the station selector of a radio or television. LC circuits
are basic electronics components in various electronic
devices, especially in radio equipment used in circuits like
tuners, filters, frequency mixers, and oscillators. The
main function of an LC circuit is generally to oscillate with
minimum damping.
 In an LC circuit, an electric charge oscillates back and forth just like the
position of a mass on a spring oscillates.

SERIES LC CIRCUIT:
In the series LC circuit configuration, the
capacitor ‘C’ and inductor ‘L’ both are
connected in series that is shown in the
following circuit. The sum of the voltage across
the capacitor and inductor is simply the sum
of the whole voltage across the open terminals.
The flow of current in the +Ve terminal of the
LC circuit is equal to the current through both
the inductor (L) and the capacitor (C)

𝑉 = 𝑉𝐿 + 𝑉𝐶
𝐼 = 𝐼𝐿 = 𝐼𝐶
PARALLEL LC CIRCUIT:
In the parallel LC circuit configuration, the
capacitor ‘C’ and inductor ‘L’ both are connected in
parallel that as shown in the following circuit. The
sum of the voltage across the capacitor and
inductor is simply the sum of the whole voltage
across the open terminals. The flow of current in
the +Ve terminal of the LC circuit is equal to the
current through both the inductor (L) and the
capacitor (C)

𝑉 = 𝑉𝐿 = 𝑉𝐶
𝐼 = 𝐼𝐿 + 𝐼𝐶

Application of LC Circuit:
• The applications of an LC circuit mainly involve many electronic devices,
particularly radio equipment such as transmitters, radio receivers, and TV
receivers, amplifiers oscillators, filters, tuners, and frequency mixers.
• LC circuits are also used for producing signals at a particular frequency or
accepting a signal from a more complex signal at a particular frequency.
• The main purpose of an LC circuit is usually to oscillate with minimum
damping, so the resistance is made as low as possible.
• A series resonance circuit provides voltage magnification.
• A parallel resonance circuit provides current magnification.
 ACTIVITIES
Activity 1 – AC vs DC
Using the Venn diagram, compare and contrast Alternating Current and Direct
Current:

AC DC

Activity 2 – LC Circuit Diagram

1. Look for a damaged electrical device at home consisting of an inductor and
capacitor. If not available you can use the internet to look for any device. Name
that device and draw a circuit diagram present in that device and label it.
Determine how the capacitance and inductor are connected. Use the space
below for your diagram.
 WRAP -UP
Complete the table about what you have learned about this module:

VALUING/APPLICATION
Radio Transmitter and Receiver:

The resonance effect of the LC

circuit has many important
applications in signal processing
and communications systems. The
most common application of tank
circuits is tuning radio
transmitters and receivers. For
example, when we tune a radio to a
particular station, the LC circuits
are set at resonance for that particular carrier frequency

POSTTEST
Choose the letter of the BEST correct answer. Write the chosen letter in your
notebook.
1. In what pattern does electricity flow in an AC circuit?
A. dash
B. dots
C. straight
D. wave
2. How does an electron move in a DC?
A. negative to positive
B. negative to negative
C. posititve to negative
D. positive to positive
3. In what type of LC circuit does total current be equal to the current of
inductor and capacitor? A. series LC circuit
B. parallel LC circuit
C. series-parallel LC circuit
D. all of the above
4. In what type of LC circuit does total voltage is equal to the current of
inductor and capacitor? A. series LC circuit
B. parallel LC circuit
C. series-parallel LC circuit
D. all of the above
5. If the capacitance in the circuit is increased, what will happen to the
frequency??
A. increase
B. decrease
C. equal to zero
D. doesn’t change
 R E F E R E N CE S

Physics by Holts, Rineheart and Winston, Electromagnetic Induction, Chapter 20

Serway, Physics 5th Edition PDF

General Physics 2, Quarter 4 Module 1, Magnetic Induction, Deped - Bureau of

Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

https://www.google.com/search?q=ac+and+dc+difference&sxsrf=ALeKk02iqn0iYCP
1WQRl379Vx5u0k9W3Cw:1621879862552&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2
ahUKEwjAhM2o9eLwAhXLwosBHUMxCHcQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1403&bih=7
06#imgrc=V9MXdLkm9A4MjM

https://www.electrical4u.com/lc-circuit-analysis/

https://web.pa.msu.edu/courses/2000fall/PHY232/lectures/accircuits/lccircuits.
html

https://www.elprocus.com/series-and-parallel-lc-circuit-resonance/