Name: Annisa Indah Noer Roni

NIM:1202621020

The noun Phrase

There are various elements in the noun phrase, Here are the elements that possibly consist in
it
 Pronouns
 Pronoun refer to the specific entities
 Some of the personal pronouns have different forms according to their
position. for example:
- I hit her
- She hit me
the pronoun changes according to the position whether it is in subject
position or not
 We may change the subject to check whether it is a noun phrase or not by
replace it with a pronoun
 Examples of pronoun are:
- Personal pronoun: I, me, we, us, you, she, her, he, him, they, them, it
- Indefinite: Some, something, anything, anyone, someone
- Demonstrative: This, that, those, these
- Interrogative: Who, which, what, whose
- Possessive: mine, yours, hers, ours, theirs
- Reflexive: Myself, yourself, herself, humself, itself, ourselves,
yourselves, themselves
 Examples of the tree diagram:

 Pre and Post modification

 Constituents which modify the head noun can appear before or after it
 Pre modification consist of determiners (DET), Adjective Phrase (AP),
Nouns
 List of Determiners:
 - Demonstrative: This, that, these, those
- Quantifiers: Some, any, each, every, no, etc
- Possessive: my, your, her, his, its, our, your, their
- Wh-determiners: Whose, what, which
 Genitives (possessive determiner), for example:
- This boy’s clothes are very dirty (NP + ‘s)
- Karen’s baby is crying (NP + ’s)
 Examples of the tree diagram:

 Adjective Phrase (AP)

 For example: The fat dog chased a girl
 In the NP, Adjective phrase pre modifying the head
 Example of the tree diagram:
 Three constituent determiner, AP, and noun all belonged together to form
the noun phrase
 If two elements function as one constituent they should have their own
node within the tree.


Notice that there is N’ called N-bar this sign will signify that “fat dog” is a
intermediate constituent (smaller than NP but larger that N).
 Another example:

 Nouns, here is the examples of the noun pre modify another nouns
- I bought a new computer game
- The electricity board sent her a nasty letter
 When noun do pre-modify other nouns they always come next to the head
noun
 Post modification consist of prepositional phrase and relative clause

 The prepositional phrase after the noun is modify the noun by more
narrowly defining or describing it. the preposition phrase can be check by
replacing the pronoun it for the direct object of the sentence or move the
direct object NPs to the subject position (as in the passive). For example

- The dog chased the cat with three legs

- The cat with three legs was chased (by the dog)

 Relative clause introduces a subsidiary sentence into the main

one
 For examples:
- The cat which is lying on the mat loves dogs
- The girl who was chased by the dog was crying
- He kicked a can that was lying in the road
Question
1. how to determine that a prepositional phrase can have its own branch or follow a noun
phrase?
2. how to draw a diagram tree if a noun phrase that consists of a noun modified by
multiple adjectives?