Edexcel A Level Core Pure Mathematics Set C Practice Paper Solutions

Qu
Answer Solutions Marks
No
1a If the parametric curve x  f(t ), y  g(t ) is rotated through 2 radians
about the y-axis between t  a and t  b , then the resulting volume is
b
2 dy
given by   x dt
a dt
3 9
We have x  , so x 2 
t 1 t  1
2

dy
We also have y  t 2  2t  3, so  2t  2 M1
dt
To find the limits of integration, we need to find t when y  0 and y  32
When y  0, t 2  2t  3  0
 t 1t  3  0
t  1 or t  3
3 3
When t = –3, x   0
3  1 2
From the graph it is clear that the x-coordinate of any point on C is positive,
so t  1
When y  32, t 2  2t  3  32 M1
 t  2t  35  0
2

 t  5 t  7   0
 t  5 or t  7 A1
3 3
When t = –7, x   0
7  1 6
So, for the reason given above, t  5
So the solid of revolution has volume V, where:
5
 9
V    2t  2 dt M1
1 t  1
2

5
1
 18 
 dt
1 t  1
5
 18 ln t  1 1 A1
 18  ln6  ln2 M1
 62.1250
3
62.1cm (3 s.f.)  62.1cm3 (3 s.f.) A1
1b Any sensible limitation of the model, e.g. B1
• It assumes the walls of the vase are made of infinitely thin material
Any sensible explanation of how their limitation would affect the volume of water the vase could contain, e.g. B1
• The actual volume would be smaller since the thickness of the material would take up some of the space 9

Edexcel A Level Core Pure Mathematics – Set C – Solutions Page 32 of 41 © ZigZag Education, 2019
 Qu
Answer Solutions Marks
No
2 Let a be the quantity of Airedale sold in 2015
Let b be the quantity of Brie sold in 2015 M1 Defines variables
Let c be the quantity of Cheddar sold in 2015, where all quantities are in kg relating to each cheese and
attempts to relate them using
The cheesemonger sells a total of 300 kg of cheese in 2015 the given information
a  b  c  300
The quantiy of Brie sold is 20 kg greater than the quantity of Airedale sold
 b  a  20
 a  b  20
Increasing a by 2%, increasing b by 1% and decreasing c by 4.5% leads to
an overall decrease of 10 kg A1 Three correct linear
 0.02a  0.01b  0.045c  10 equations

So, as a single matrix equation:

 1 1 1  a   300 
     M1 Any correct 3×3 matrix
 1 1 0  b    20 
A1 Completely correct
 0.02 0.01 0.045  c   10 
     matrix equation
(allow third row of (1.02 1.01 0.955)(c) = (290))
1
a   1 1 1   300 
     
  b    1 1 0   20  M1 Attempts to solve
 c   0.02 0.01 0.045   10 
     
Using a calculator:
 a   20 
   
 b    40  A1
 c   240 
   
20 kg of Airedale, 40 kg So in 2015 the cheesemonger sold 20 kg of Airedale, 40 kg of Brie and A1 FT (Interprets their
of Brie, 240 kg of Cheddar 240 kg of Cheddar solution in context) 7
3ai Taking the bottom left-hand corner of the tank as the origin, the four points
have position vectors:
           
4 34 33 0
OA   0  , OB   15  , OC   7  , OD   13 
3  18   1  34 
       
Let the first spider’s silk be modelled by the straight line ℓ1

ℓ1 passes through A and has direction AB

       
34 4 30

AB  OB  OA   15    0    15 
 18   3   15 
     
 4  30 
   
So ℓ1 has equation r   0     15  M1
3  15  A1
   

ℓ2 passes through C and has direction CD
33 
       
0 33
CD  OD  OC   13    7    6 
 34   1   33 
     

Edexcel A Level Core Pure Mathematics – Set C – Solutions Page 33 of 41 © ZigZag Education, 2019
 Qu
Answer Solutions Marks
No
 33   33 
So ℓ2 has equation r   7     6 
 
A1
 1  33 
   
 4  30   33   33 
So if the lines intersect, then  0     15    7     6  for certain
     
3  15   1   33 
       
values of  and 
This gives the simultaneous equations:
4  30  33  33
15  7  6
3  15  1 33
Simplifying and rearranging, these are:
30  33  29 (1)
15  6  7 (2)
15  33  2 (3) M1
(1)+(3) gives:
45  27
27 3
  
45 5
Substituting this into (1) gives:
3
30   33  29
5
3
 33  29  30   11
5
11 1
   A1
33 3
Checking these solutions in (2):
3 1
Left-hand side  15   6   7  right-hand side
‘Show that’ question – 5 3
Answer given in question So the equations are consistent, and so the lines intersect A1
3aii  30   33 
ℓ1 has direction  15  and ℓ2 has direction 
 6 

 15   33 
   
 2  11
These vectors are parallel to  1  and  2  respectively
 
 1  11 
   
If the angle between the vectors v and w is θ then v w  v w cos

Edexcel A Level Core Pure Mathematics – Set C – Solutions Page 34 of 41 © ZigZag Education, 2019
 Qu
Answer Solutions Marks
No
 2  11
So let θ be the angle between  1  and  2 
 
 1  11 
   
 2  11
   
 1  2   2   11  1 2  111  9 M1
 1  11 
   
 2
 
 1  2  1  1  6
2 2 2

 1
 
 11
 
 11
2
 2   22  112  246
 11 
 
 9  6 246 cos
 9 
   arccos   M1
 6 246 
  103.548 
We want the acute angle, so take 180 103.548
76°  76.4519  76 to the nearest degree A1
3b Any valid improvement to the model, e.g. B1
• Model the silk as curved rather than straight lines 10
4a f(x )  arctan x arctan2x arctan3x
The Maclaurin series for arctan x is
x3 x5
arctan x  x    for 1 x  1
3 5
So:
 2x 
3

arctan2x  2x  
3
8x 3
 2x  
3
 3x 
3

arctan3x  3x  M1
3 A1
 3x  9 x 3 
So:
f(x )  arctan x arctan2x arctan3x
 x3  8x 3 
x      3x  9x  
3
 2x M1
 3  3 
 6x 3  18x 5  8x 5  2x 5 
6x 3  28x 5   6x 3  28x 5  A1

Edexcel A Level Core Pure Mathematics – Set C – Solutions Page 35 of 41 © ZigZag Education, 2019
 Qu
Answer Solutions Marks
No
4b 1 1
An approximate solution to f(x )  x is a solution to 6x 3  28x 5  x
14 14
1
 28x 5  6x 3  x 0
14
1
 x 392x 4  84x 2  1  0 M1
14
But x  0 since  is positive, so we need the solutions to
392x 4  84x 2  1  0, which is a quadratic equation in x 2 :

 84 
2
84   4  392  1
x 
2

2  392
84  5488 3  7
  A1
784 28
3 7
If x 
2
, the positive solution is
28
3 7 1
x  0.449036...  0.333333...  , which is not in the domain
28 3
of f(x) and should be rejected
3 7 3 7
So x 2  , and the positive solution is x   0.112479...
28 28
1 A1
Hence an approximation for the positive solution of f(x )  x is
14
0.112 (3 d.p.) 0.112 (3 d.p.) 7
5a The curve C has equation  x  y 2 2
3x 2
 2y 2
x 2

We have the relationships x 2  y 2  r 2 , x  r cos , y  r sin

  x 2  y 2  2x 2  2y 2  x 2   x 2 B1 Uses x2  y2  r2

B1 Uses
 r 2  2r 2  r 2 cos2    r 2 cos2 
x r cos or
y r sin

r 2 cos2 
r 2  M1
2r 2  r 2 cos2 
cos2 
r 2  (as r  0)
2  cos2 
‘Show that’ question – 1
r 2  A1
Answer given in question 2sec   1
2

5b 1
r2 
2sec   1
2

1
Write r 
2
2
1
cos2 
Then r 2 is at its greatest when cos2   1
1
So r 
2
2 M1
1
1
1

3
‘Show that’ question – 1 3
So r   A1
Answer given in question 3 3 6

Edexcel A Level Core Pure Mathematics – Set C – Solutions Page 36 of 41 © ZigZag Education, 2019
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Answer Solutions Marks
No
6a 42
 42  42
 42 
S    sin r  , C     cos r 
r 0  r  r 0  r 

 42   42   42 
So C  iS  1   cos    cos2     cos42
1 2  42 
  42   42   42  
 i    sin    sin2     sin42 
 1  2  42  
 42   42  M1
 1    cos  isin      cos2  isin2  
1 2
 42 
    cos42  isin42 
 42 
 42   42 
 1    cos  isin      cos  isin  
2

1 2
 42 
    cos  isin  by de Moivre's theorem
42

 42 
 1  cos  isin  
42
M1 Uses de Moivre’s
42 theorem
       
  1  cos2  sin2    2isin cos  
  2 2  2 2  M1 Uses double angle
42 formulae
     
  1 cos2   1 cos2   2isin cos 
 2  2 2 2
42
   
  2cos2  2isin cos 
 2 2 2
42 42
    
  2cos2   cos  isin 
 2  2 2
42
 
  2cos2   cos21  isin21 
 2 A1
42
 
and so S is the imaginary part of  2cos   cos21  isin21  M1 Mentions the equating
 2
of imaginary parts
42
‘Show that’ question –  
So S   2cos  sin21 A1
Answer given in question  2
6b  
42

From part (a), C is the real part of  2cos   cos21  isin21 

 2
42
 
So C   2cos  cos21 M1
 2
42
 
 2cos  sin21
S
Hence  
2
42
C  
 2cos  cos21
‘Show that’ question –  2
Answer given in question  tan21 A1 8

Edexcel A Level Core Pure Mathematics – Set C – Solutions Page 37 of 41 © ZigZag Education, 2019
 Qu
Answer Solutions Marks
No
7a 15
f(x ) 
x  4x  3
2

1 b
b  a a
The mean value of g(x ) on the interval [a , b ] is g(x )dx

So the mean value of f(x ) on [0, 5] is

5
1  15
 dx M1
5  0 0 x  4x  3
2

Writing x 2  4x  3   x  2  1 makes this

2

5
1 15
 dx
5 0  x  2
2
1
Let x  2  coshu so that x  coshu  2
So dx  sinhu du
The lower limit of integration x  0 becomes u  arcosh2
The upper limit of integration x  5 becomes u  arcosh7
So the integral becomes:
arcosh7 M1 Uses substitutions or
1 15
  sinhu du recognition to arrive at
5 arcosh2  coshu  2  2
2
1 integrable expression
A1 Correct integral
arcosh7
15  sinhu
  du
5 arcosh2 cosh2 u  1
arcosh7
 sinhu
 3 du
arcosh2 sinh2 u
arcosh7
 3 1 du
arcosh2

 3 u arcosh2
arcosh7 A1 Or equivalent correct
expression in terms of x

 3 arcosh7  arcosh2 M1


 3ln 7  72  1  3ln 2  22  1   
   
 3ln 7  48  3ln 2  3
 3ln  7  4 3   3ln 2  3 
 74 3 
 3ln  
 2 3 


3ln 2  3   
 3ln 2  3 (i.e. a = 3, b = 2) A1
(a = 3, b = 2)

Edexcel A Level Core Pure Mathematics – Set C – Solutions Page 38 of 41 © ZigZag Education, 2019
 Qu
Answer Solutions Marks
No
7b If g(x ) has mean value g, then:

 g(x )   has mean value  g  , where ,  are constants

f(x ) has mean value 3ln 2  3  

1 1
So ln2  f(x ) has mean value ln2   3ln 2  3
3 3
  M1


 ln2  ln 2  3 
 2 
 ln  
 2 3 


ln 4  2 3  
 ln 4  2 3  A1 8
8a f(n )  2n  3n  n
3 2
M1
Finds a valid counterexample, e.g.
• f(2)  2  23  3  22  2  6
States their value is not divisible by 12, so Steve is incorrect, e.g. A1
• 6  12k for any integer k, so f(2) is not divisible by 12. So Steve’s claim is incorrect.
8b We want to prove that f(n ) is divisible by 6 for all positive integers n, where
f(n )  2n 3  3n 2  n
Basis case:
When n  1, f(n )  2 13  3 12  1  0
0  6  0, so f(1) is divisible by 6
So the statement is true when n  1 B1
Inductive step:
Assume the statement is true when n  k , so f(k )  2k 3  3k 2  k is
M1
divisible by 6
Method 1
Consider f(k  1)  f(k )

 3 2

f (k  1)  f (k )  2  k  1  3  k  1   k  1   2k 3  3k 2  k  M1

 2k 3  6k 2  6k  2  3k 2  6k  3  k  1 2k 3  3k 2  k
 6k 2 A1
So f(k  1)  f(k )  6k 2
A1
f(k ) is divisible by 6 by assumption, and since k  , 6k 2 is divisible by 6, so
f(k  1) is divisible by 6
So if the statement is true for n  k , then it is true for n  k 1. Since it is
A1
true for n  1, by mathematical induction it is true for all positive integers n.
Method 2
Consider f(k  1)
f(k  1)  2  k  1  3  k  1   k  1
3 2
(M1)
 2k  6k  6k  2  3k  6k  3  k  1
3 2 2

 2k 3  3k 2  k
  2k 3  3k 2  k   6k 2
(A1)

 f(k )  6k 2 (A1)

Edexcel A Level Core Pure Mathematics – Set C – Solutions Page 39 of 41 © ZigZag Education, 2019
 Qu
Answer Solutions Marks
No
f(k ) is divisible by 6 by assumption, and since k  , 6k 2 is divisible by 6, so
f(k  1) is divisible by 6
So if the statement is true for n  k , then it is true for n  k 1. Since it is
(A1)
true for n  1, by mathematical induction it is true for all positive integers n.
Method 3
Since, by assumption, f(k ) is divisible by 6, we can write f(k )  6M for some
integer M
So 2k 3  3k 2  k  6M
So 2k 3  6M  3k 2  k
Then f(k  1)  2  k  1  3  k  1   k  1
3 2
(M1)
 2k 3  6k 2  6k  2  3k 2  6k  3  k  1
 2k 3  3k 2  k
Substituting in 2k 3  6M  3k 2  k gives:
f(k  1)  6M  3k 2  k  3k 2  k (A1)
 6M  6k 2
 6 M  k 2  (A1)
and this is divisible by 6 since M , k 
‘Prove that’ question – So if the statement is true for n  k , then it is true for n  k 1. Since it is
(A1)
Answer given in question true for n  1, by mathematical induction it is true for all positive integers n. 8
9a We can relate force and acceleration using Newton’s second law, F  ma
dx
At time t, the particle P has displacement x, velocity and
dt
d2 x
acceleration 2
dt
One force acting on P has magnitude 25M x and is directed towards the
origin
So when x  0, this force is negative in direction so is 25Mx , and when
x  0, this force is positive in direction so is 25Mx
In either case, this force is 25Mx
The other is a resistive force acting on P with magnitude 6M v and is in
the opposite direction to the direction of travel
So when v  0 this force is 6Mv and when v  0 this force is 6Mv
dx
In either case this force is 6Mv or, using derivatives, 6M
dt
So the resultant force acting on P at time t is:
dx
F  6M  25Mx
dt
dx d2 x
So use Newton’s second law with F  6M  25Mx , m  M , a  2 :
dt dt
2
dx dx M1 Attempts to model
6M  25Mx  M 2
dt dt motion (but allow sign errors)

d2 x dx
M 2
 6M  25Mx  0
d2 x dx dt dt
 6  25x  0
dt 2
dt d2 x dx
 2
 6  25x  0 (i.e. b = 6, c = 25) A1
(b = 6, c = 25) dt dt

Edexcel A Level Core Pure Mathematics – Set C – Solutions Page 40 of 41 © ZigZag Education, 2019
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Answer Solutions Marks
No
9b d2 x dx
2
 6  25x  0
dt dt
The auxiliary equation is m 2  6m  25  0
6  62  4 1 25
m 
2 1
6  64

2
 3  4i M1
If the auxiliary equation has roots p  q i, then the general solution to the
differential equation is x  e pt  A cosqt  B sinqt 
So the general solution is x  e3t  A cos4t  B sin4t  A1
dx
and so  3e3t  A cos4t  B sin4t   e 3t  4A sin4t  4B cos4t 
dt
 e   4B  3A  cos4t   4A  3B  sin4t 
3t

dx
We are told that when t  0, x  4 and 0
dt
So 4  e 0  A cos 0  B sin0 
A  4
and 0  e0   4B  3  4 cos0   4  4  3B  sin0  M1
 0  4B 12
B  3 A1
and so x  e3t  4cos4t  3sin4t  A1

x  e3t  4cos4t  3sin4t  So x oscillates around the origin with period 2 seconds and decreasing A1
Any valid description amplitude
9c d2 x dx
Replacing 6 with k in the differential equation gives 2
k  25x  0 B1
dt dt
The auxiliary equation is m 2  km  25  0
The system is critically damped, so the auxiliary equation has two equal roots
This means the discriminant is zero
So k 2  4  25  0 M1
k 2  100, so k  10 A1
10 k  0 since this is a resistive force, so k  10 A1 12

Edexcel A Level Core Pure Mathematics – Set C – Solutions Page 41 of 41 © ZigZag Education, 2019